How frosty patterns are formed on glass. Where and why do patterns appear on window glass in winter? Who draws patterns on windows in winter
I'm sure he has more important things to do! So, the romantic dreamers retire to , and I’ll tell the cold-blooded know-it-alls where the chanterelles on the windows come from... And I’ll also tell you the secret of how to make them yourself!
Who paints windows silver in winter?
What charms does winter not have! The patterns on the windows are perhaps one of the most impressive. However, frosty pictures on glass are practically the same as frost on grass and trees. In any case, the principle of their formation is the same.
Air, depending on its temperature, can contain a certain amount of water in the form of water vapor. The absorption of water by air decreases with decreasing temperature.
In other words, when it gets cold, the humidity in the air decreases. Therefore, the excess steam contained in it settles on cold surfaces, that is, condenses.
“But then droplets of water will form or dew will fall,” you can rightly remark and you will be absolutely right.
At above-zero temperatures, yes! Frost or silver patterns on glass only appear when humid air cools to a temperature of 0 °C or below.
It was then that water vapor, as if by magic, transforms from a gaseous state directly into a solid, bypassing the liquid state and turning into small ice crystals. This process is called desublimation.
While explaining this phenomenon to you, I remembered an interesting winter riddle. Apparently, its author would be good at physics. Can you guess?
- Drop! Chill, cool, grow.
Build ice bridges overnight.
Where do patterns of bizarre shapes come from?
We figured out how winter flowers form on windows. Feel free to praise yourself! But how do ordinary ice crystals manage to create such bizarre patterns?
Blame it all - scratches and unevenness of glass surfaces. It is on them that the crystals first settle: next to each other, on top of several floors or on the sides - as necessary. This is how ordinary ice turns into filigree patterns. They give them strangeness and dust, deposited on the glass, and various air currents(drafts, wind). That's why each pattern is so unusual and unique.
It is also interesting that different sub-zero temperatures have different effects on the formation of crystals. If the thermometer shows just below 0 °C, the ice crystals have the shape of a hexagonal prism. In mild frosts (up to ─15 °C) they look like rectangular plates. If it gets cold outside, the crystalline ice will resemble needles with blunt ends.
What types of frost patterns are there?
The variety of frosty chanterelles is amazing, but most often the glass of our windows shines with tree-like structures - dendrites or fibrous formations - trihitams.
If the glass begins to cool even at above-zero temperatures and high air humidity, then the water film formed on it will crystallize in the form of dendrites. It is not surprising that the most beautiful and fluffy patterns appear at the bottom of the window, because a lot of water traditionally accumulates there.
Trichites are formed in places where glass is scratched and rough. Initially, various (often parallel) crystalline stripes appear, and with subsequent cooling, many curved fibers begin to move away from the main stripes. Due to the decrease in temperature, trichites turn into dense ice fibers.
Making frost at home
Turn your kitchen into a home frost factory? Easily!
You will need:
- rock salt,
- large tin can,
- crushed piece of ice.
It's simple! Place two cups of crushed ice in a jar. Place a glass of salt on top. Again add two glasses of crushed ice and a glass of salt. Now wait. In a short time, tiny droplets of water in the air will cover the outer walls of the jar, turning into a lace of ice crystals. And then the whole vessel will be dressed in a thin coat of frost. Fantastic!
How to get rid of frosty patterns on windows?
If you want to get rid of annoying frosty patterns, I will understand you perfectly. Perhaps everyone is familiar with the situation: you are traveling in a minibus, and instead of the required stop there are only silver carpets in the windows. Inconvenient! In this case, the glass is treated with special chemical solutions. And in rooms - they enhance thermal insulation and place it near a container with salt.
To prevent your windows from being obscured by frosty drawings, follow these simple rules:
- ventilate the house regularly;
- do not clutter the window sill with unnecessary items;
- remember about high-quality and regular heating (warm air can hold more moisture);
- Before frost, wipe the glass windows with an aqueous solution of ammonia (it’s best to trust your mother to do this).
It is always important for a person to know what the weather will be like, since it affects his activities and well-being. Observing nature in bad weather and on a sunny day, at dusk and at night, people noted characteristic signs that preceded certain weather changes. This is how numerous signs appeared - evidence of folk wisdom, many of which are based on a simple snow pattern.
The snow pattern on the windows is beautiful in the shine of the morning sun and in the thick blue of the winter twilight, when you get out of bed early in the morning, stretch, go to the window... And behold, OH, MIRACLE!!! There's magic on the window again. Yes Yes. Do not be surprised. Real magic: fabulous trees, enchanting forest, extraordinary flowers. It is so attractively beautiful, unusual and mysterious that I am always interested to know: why does frost draw snow patterns on the windows? Is it possible to predict the weather from a pattern? What magical transformations occur on glass and do they depend on air temperature?
It turns out, water! Transparent water vapor that is always in the air. He is also in the room. And between the double window frames - everywhere! Warm water vapor settles on the cold glass of the windows and turns into ice crystals, just like snowflakes in the sky. There are many such crystals, they connect with each other. In order for crystallization to begin, the first ice crystals need to settle on something. On a window that has not yet frozen, the first crystals appear, first of all, in those places where there are scratches and dirt on the glass. Sometimes, on completely unfrozen glass, frost will string a garland of snowflakes along a barely noticeable scratch. Sometimes the glass seems to be wiped clean, and frost will draw patterns on it, revealing traces of the napkin that was used to wipe the window.
The first ice crystals on the glass are always six-rayed stars or hexagonal stalks. But, increasing, growing, they meet each other, press on each other, bend, bend. And patterns appear.
The stronger the frost outside, the more ice crystals are formed and
clings to scratches and specks of dust on the glass.
When crystals grow, especially if the growth is very rapid, so-called skeletal forms and branched crystals, or dendrites, are often formed. Examples of dendritic crystals are ice patterns on glass and snowflakes.
Among the snowflakes there are “plates”, “pyramids”, “columns”, “needles”, “arrows”, simple or complex “stars” with highly branched rays.
Each of them is one of a kind. But at the same time they all have six faces and one axis of symmetry
Spatial lattice of ice crystals.
The balls represent oxygen atoms; positions of hydrogen atoms
not shown. The first to note this feature of snowflakes was the German astronomer Johannes Kepler.
Scientists have found that the shape of a snow crystal follows the molecular structure of ice - its crystal lattice consists of hexagons.
It turns out that the internal structure of a snow crystal determines its external appearance.
The first systematic studies of snow crystals were undertaken in the 30s of the 20th century by the Japanese Ukihiro Nakaya. He identified 41 types of snowflakes, compiled the first classification and found out that the size and shape of the ice crystals formed depend on temperature and humidity.
On the glass of a frozen window it is easy to see how ice crystals appear, grow and gradually change their shape. First, frosty designs begin to appear at the bottom of the window. As a rule, a large amount of water accumulates here, and then the frost crystals gradually rise up.
You can clear a round “eye” in the opaque layer of ice covering the window by breathing on the frozen glass or placing your finger on it. If you stop heating the peephole, it will again be covered with a layer of ice, just as an ice hole on the river freezes from the cold breath of frost.
If you watch more closely how the peephole closes, you can see: first, thin needles stretch from its edges to the middle - a delicate, barely visible pattern. From these needles new needles, feathers, and stars branch out to the sides. Now the entire eye is covered with them, like the finest lace, and from the edges of the eye a new layer of needles and stars grows, covering the first weaving - the individual branches are connected, merging into a continuous layer. This is how ice crystals grow.
New crystals always begin to grow from the edges of the eye, from layers of ice that have not melted. There is a simple and understandable explanation for this: it is easier for water particles to attach themselves to a ready-made crystal lattice than to start building a new lattice.
A snow crystal often grows like a fractal, forming a complex, irregular structure whose parts are similar to the whole.
In nature, fractals can be seen everywhere - in the outlines of mountains, rivers, seashores, trees, the vascular system... And in frosty patterns on windows!
Fractals are sets with an extremely irregular branched and jagged structure. The term was introduced by B. Mandelbort in 1975, although similar objects have been studied in mathematics since the end of the 19th century. The main characteristic of a fractal is its fractional dimension.
As the air cools, its moisture content decreases and excess water condenses on the window glass. When the air temperature drops below 0ºC, water crystallizes.
Why do drawings appear on window glass in cold weather? On the one hand, the crystals themselves have their own structure, which determines the pattern. In addition, scratches on the glass surface, dust particles, and air currents help Santa Claus create beautiful patterns on the windows.
Tropical summer landscape Draws a cold on the window Why does it need roses? Apparently this is Winter yearning for spring. (D. Kedrin)
Project topic: “Why do frosty patterns appear on windows in winter?”
Purpose of the study: to find out why bizarre frosty patterns often appear on windows in winter.
Objectives: study the literature and select interesting information about how frosty patterns appear on windows; find out why frost patterns come in different shapes; observe the appearance and disappearance of frosty patterns on the windows; draw conclusions and summarize the results of observations.
Hypothesis: Suppose that the shape of snow patterns can predict the weather.
How do snow patterns appear on windows?
In winter, the air near the window glass becomes very cold and some of the water vapor from it settles on the cold glass in the form of ice crystals. Then these crystals begin to branch and grow, “drawing” snow (frost) patterns on the glass.
In order for crystallization to begin, the first ice crystals need to settle on something. Let it be a speck of dust. Or a trace from a rag used to wipe the windows.
Date of observation Time of observation Air temperature What interesting things were observed 01/01/2016 10.00 -12 0 Frosty patterns formed on the veranda. 01/14/2016 9.30 -10 0 There are patterns on the window of the 3rd floor of the school. They look like a fluffy spruce branch 01/15/2016 12.00 -22 0 On the 2nd floor of the school, frosty patterns look like the feathers of strange birds. 01/16/2016 9.35 -20 0 New intricate patterns appeared on the window in the classroom. 01/21/2016 7.40 -17 0 In the classroom, I looked at a pattern that looked like a bird. 01/28/2016 7.45 -7 0 Some patterns on the window of the 3rd floor of the school have disappeared. Frost Pattern Observation Chart
Do frosty patterns appear on all windows?
Patterns do not appear on the window if the window is open. Frosty patterns cannot appear on a double-glazed window Previously, when the stove was stopped in the evening, the glass temperature dropped below 2 degrees. Droplets of water froze on it.
What types of frosty patterns are there?
Dendrites (tree-like formations). Dendrides are formed if the air humidity is increased, and the cooling of the glass began at a positive temperature and continued with a further decrease in temperature.
Dendrites on the mirror of our car
Trichites (fibrous forms). Trichitis occurs on glass precisely when there are many scratches, nicks and specks of dust.
Trichitis on the window in my dad's car.
Frosty patterns on the car
When do marvelous pictures of ice crystals form?
When there is a sudden cold snap, the temperature of the windows becomes lower than the air temperature in the room. Warm water vapor in the humid air in the room settles on them. A thin, almost invisible layer of water appears on the glass.
Folk signs: if the branches of the patterns were directed downward, the weather will be snowy and cloudy; if up - clear and sunny. straight patterns foreshadow even greater cold, oblique ones - thaws, and more intricate patterns - snowfall.
Analysis of observations and conclusions The goal that I set for myself has been achieved. I found out why bizarre ice patterns often appear on windows in winter. I made the following conclusions: Frosty patterns on glass are large ice crystals growing from water vapor at the border of heat and cold; The type of pattern on the surface of the glass depends on the temperature inside and outside the room, the humidity in the room, the thickness of the glass and the contamination of its surface.
Analysis of observations and conclusions With high-quality glass sealing, patterns do not appear on the glass, because no temperature difference. Frosty patterns do not form on modern windows (double glazed windows). My observations support the hypothesis that the shape of snow patterns can predict the weather.
Vologda lace
Literature and Internet sources Likum A., Shalaeva G.P., Encyclopedia "Everything about Everything" Publisher: Klyuch-S, Slovo, 1994-2001. Sergeev I.S., How to organize project activities of students, M., “Arkti”, 2006. http://seasons-goda.rf/frost%20patterns.html http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.booksite.ru/ http://vologda-portal.ru/
Thank you for your attention!
Lyudmila Polyukhova
Lesson summary “Where do frosty patterns come from on windows”
Where do frosty patterns come from on windows?
Goals classes:
Enrich children's cognitive level in the field of natural phenomena; - to develop in children the ability to observe - to see the unusual in the ordinary; arouse children's interest in winter natural phenomena; - - to cultivate in children a love for the nature of their native land; to the artistic word (poems, riddles, signs);
Develop visual observation, the ability to notice unusual things in the world around you;
Develop imagination.
Progress of the lesson
Guys, today I will tell you a fairy tale about Winter, but not a simple one, but a magical one. She loves to do miracles. There lived a little Droplet on a big white cloud. She lived alone and was bored. Droplet wanted to see what was there behind the cloud. She decided to jump from the cloud. As soon as she flew down, she suddenly turned into a beautiful Snowflake.
Guys, tell me why the Droplet turned into a Snowflake? (children's answers). Let's remember what happens to water in winter? (children's answers).
Now listen to the poem and tell me what I will tell you about today.
This morning I couldn’t take my eyes off the glass.
Here again he gave me his surprise
This fabulous artist Freezing. A miracle appeared before me -
Artist frosty fruit of creation
He's not just painting something there,
And he draws a fairy tale on the window.
What will I tell you about today? (children's answers). Guys, I suggest you see what there are patterns(view presentation « Frosty patterns on the window» ).
Every winter we have miracles happen in windows, appear of incredible beauty patterns! It was always interesting where do they come from, and who draws them?
The wonderful pictures that appear may resemble palm forests, garlands of flowers, or branches of fir trees. How do these bizarre frosty patterns on the windows?
Guys, what do you think? Frost draws these patterns?
(Children's opinions: Blows cold on the glass, like magic, throws on snowflake windows, and they stick to the window.)
Actually from the cold, frosty air, droplets of water that are present in the air settle on the cold glass, freeze and turn into pieces of ice, similar to the thinnest needles, which spread in different directions along the glass. During a cold night, many, many of them are formed, they seem to grow on each other.
friend. And in the end they turn out different patterns and drawings, in which you can even see the outlines of familiar objects. This is how they are formed Frost patterns, and the artist here, without a doubt, is Freezing. The result is such beauty that you can’t tell it in a fairy tale or describe it with a pen. By the way, in Germany Frost patterns on glass that’s what they call it – "ice flowers".
The patterns are different: some are formed at the bottom window, others - in the form of narrow strips of frost, which will be the stem of the plant.
One girl decided to watch how Frost patterns. "It's time frosty morning. When I woke up, I looked out the window. The icy ice on the glass sparkled whimsically in the sun. patterns that I drew on the window freezing. It's hard to believe that all this was drawn without the help of human hands. It is especially beautiful when a ray of sunlight falls on the window, then the whole picture sparkles. Watching the snowy patterns, I noticed that they colored: sometimes blue in cloudy weather, sometimes yellow in the sun, sometimes pink and purple at sunset. In the evening, when it becomes completely dark outside the window and the glass looks black, frosty patterns sparkle like stars.
Interesting I also saw patterns on the windows of my dad’s car.. The glass seems to be covered with a coat of ice needles. Let's go, glass frozen, dad doesn’t like it, but for me the most beautiful picture is drawn on the glass.”
Is it for everyone? Frosty patterns appear on the windows? It turns out not. Patterns do not appear on the window if the window is open. With high-quality glass sealing, patterns do not appear on the glass, because there is no temperature difference. Patterns on glass are short-lived - the sun begins to warm up, and Frost patterns become less clear, blur and flow down the glass in streams of water. They disappear forever.
About frosty patterns are signs, riddles and poems. Once upon a time
frosty patterns people defined weather:
If the branches patterns directed downwards the weather will be snowy and cloudy;
If up – clear and sunny (showing illustrations frosty patterns) .
Guess the riddles:
Everything turned white during the night, the wind blew, and freezing
And there is a miracle in our apartment! Brought snow to us from the north.
Outside the window the yard disappeared. Only since then
A magical forest has grown there! On my glass.
Poem:
Without waiting for the warmth,
In the middle of a winter day,
The flowers have bloomed
On my window.
I approached the flowers
My cheek became wet
Because of window
I touched lightly.
I approached the flowers
But they didn't smell.
Why did they grow up?
On winter days?
But Frost patterns you can draw it yourself, special paints are even sold for this and other options for painting glass are offered (toothpaste, white gouache or artificial snow). But none of the people can do it as intricately, as magically as nature can do it (or Grandfather Freezing) .
Guys, what interesting things did you learn today? What did you like most? What signs do you remember? Tell your parents about them.
On frosty days, stunning ice patterns appear on the windows in the form of extraordinary stars, fancy curls, fabulous trees and flowers. In order for ice gardens to bloom on the windows, it is necessary that the air in the room be humid and the temperature outside the window be below zero.
