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For wells, water pumping stations dimensions. Pumping equipment for wells. Surface pumps for wells

To service wells, various pumping equipment is used: these are surface devices with hydraulic accumulators or storage tanks, submersible devices, and mechanical pumps.

We want to talk about pumping stations for wells, which belong to surface water supply systems.

Pumping station

Device

In general, a typical pumping station is a system consisting of the following basic elements:

• Hydraulic accumulator. This is a tank into which water is pumped by a pump to a certain pressure that allows the system to serve the needs of the water supply system. This device allows you to avoid constant starts of the pump motor and ensure stable pressure and pressure in the system;
• Pump. In this capacity, centrifugal self-priming or vortex units are most often used. The supply system can be equipped with an external or internal ejector, which increases the suction capability due to the Bernoulli effect, while reducing the overall performance of the system;
• Pressure switch. Here we see an element of the automatic control system, which is configured in such a way that when the pressure rises above a set value, the relay turns off the power supply to the pump motor, and when the pressure drops below the set value, the motor turns on again;
• Check valve. This element of the system does not allow liquid to flow in the opposite direction and leave the battery tank or water injection pipe, because if air enters the system, the pump may fail;
• Power connection unit. It is an ordinary single-phase or three-phase (depending on the design) plug for the corresponding socket, and also contains fuses and a grounding system.

The hydraulic accumulator has a very simple design: inside a steel cylinder there is a rubber bulb around which there is compressed air. The bulb is connected to the inlet, where water is pumped through a check valve, and from where this water enters the water supply system when the tap of a mixer or other plumbing device is open.

When water is pumped, the bulb increases in volume, compressing the air in the balloon. Thus, the kinetic energy of the pump motor is stored in the form of potential energy of the compressed gas, which tends to squeeze the liquid out of the bulb. At the entrance to the cylinder, a pressure switch is installed, which is embedded in the open circuit of the pump motor power supply.

Using special nuts, the relay is adjusted so that when the upper pressure limit is reached, the relay opens the circuit and the engine turns off. Then, when water is pumped into the water supply during its operation, the pressure in the battery cylinder drops, and when the lower pressure limit set by the adjuster is reached, the relay closes the circuit and the engine begins to pump water into the battery cylinder bulb again.

Important!
The design of the pumping station implements the principle of self-regulation or automatic control of the system.
The pump on and off pressure values ​​are determined based on the parameters of the water supply system, the number of water intake points, well productivity and other parameters.

Varieties

To find out how to choose a pumping station for a well, we will have to understand the types of stations and understand what their differences are.

There are three main types of systems depending on the design of the liquid suction system:

1. Direct suction system. The pump creates a vacuum in the water intake pipe, and atmospheric pressure squeezes the liquid into this pipe. The problem with the system is that due to the limited air pressure in the atmosphere of our planet (about 1013.25 hPa), the column of water that this pressure can push up is just over 10 meters;
2. System with built-in ejector. Here, indirect suction of water occurs: the pump creates a jet, which, when passing through the ejector nozzle, creates a reduced pressure in the suction chamber and, under its action, draws water from the well. The advantage of this system is that the pump is protected from dry running, because it continuously pumps water in the recirculation circuit;
3. System with remote ejector. In this case, the design involves immersing the ejector into the well, and now the height of the column does not concern us, since the device is located not far from the water surface. Here, suction is also carried out due to the Bernoulli effect in an indirect way, but the performance and efficiency of the system decreases in favor of the possibility of lifting water from great depths.

The first type of system can be used by a pumping station for an Abyssinian well, since its depth does not exceed the capabilities of atmospheric pressure. This system is also suitable for shallow sandy sources, but if their depth reaches 15 meters (anything more than 9), then such a station will not work.

The second type has the same scope as the first, it is simply protected from pump breakdowns due to air pockets getting into the pipeline. This is a more progressive design, but its price is higher.

A system with a remote (submersible) ejector allows you to pump water from a depth of about 40 meters. Most often, this option is used at a depth of 20 meters or 25 meters, but the performance of such a pump is limited by low efficiency and therefore is not suitable for farms with a large number of water intake points.

There are also designs where, instead of a hydraulic accumulator, a storage tank is used, in which the pump is turned on and off using a float mechanism. This model is considered obsolete, since if the float fails, water will flood your house, and we will not dwell on it in detail.

To make it easier to calculate the water consumption of a home’s plumbing, we have compiled a table with average consumption values ​​for various plumbing fixtures:

If you add up the flow of all your water intake points, you will get the required capacity required for all taps to operate simultaneously.

Important!
To determine the required type of equipment, you should know the level of the water surface in the well (dynamic level), as well as the required capacity of the water supply system.
Knowing these parameters, you can easily select the right unit.

Advantages

As is known, not only surface stations, but also deep pumps are used to equip water-bearing wells. What advantages do outdoor units have over submersible units?

There are not many of them, but they are quite significant:

• The most important advantage is its low cost compared to expensive deep-well devices. If you do not need to provide high productivity or pump water from great depths, then there is little point in spending money on a submersible device for a well;
• The surface arrangement allows for easy and convenient access to equipment for maintenance and repair in the event of a breakdown or accident. To carry out cleaning or adjustment of deep well pumps, they have to be removed from the casing, which is quite troublesome and not always easy;
• If the unit fails, it can be easily replaced, since the cost of replacing such pumping equipment for a well will not greatly affect the family budget, and the complexity of the work is affordable even for an amateur;
• A device with a built-in or remote ejector is not afraid of air entering the system, since the recirculation circuit constantly fills the pump suction with water;
• Many station models can be used as a portable option for watering gardens or other purposes.

Important!
As can be seen from the characteristics, it is advisable to use surface water supply systems in a country house, in a small farm, in a private household with low water consumption.
Such stations are not suitable for servicing artesian wells or very large farms.

Related articles:

Flaws

Like any other equipment, surface water pumping devices have a number of disadvantages:

• The depth of the well that a conventional station without a submersible ejector can serve is no more than 8–9 meters. Why not 10.3? This is due to losses and imperfect operating conditions of the equipment;
• A surface pump or centrifugal-type station produces quite noticeable noise, and when the equipment is located inside the house, this noise will be heard by its residents;
• When preserving a summer cottage for the winter, the unit located on the surface will have to be hidden or taken with you, as it can be stolen or damaged;
• The station requires a certain place in the technical, utility room or basement, which is not always possible to allocate;
• When the engine is running, quite powerful vibration occurs, which can cause damage to surrounding building structures and pipelines connected to the system.

Important!
Despite all the shortcomings and limitations, an ordinary pumping station with a head of 45 meters is enough for the needs of a family of 4 people.

Installation

For those who want to connect the equipment themselves, we have compiled a short instruction:

1. We make a solid foundation at the chosen location of the station. It is most convenient to make a podium from brick or concrete with a height of 1.2 - 1.4 meters;

1. We lay a rubber mat 10–20 mm thick on the podium to dampen vibration. We install the complex on the legs, screw the legs with anchors to the podium through the mounting holes;

1. From the well to the pumping station we dig a trench with a depth below the freezing level of the soil, into which we lay a pipeline made of polyethylene or other plastic. We supplement the suction end of the pipe with a check valve and a coarse filter (usual fine stainless steel mesh;

1. At the end of the pipe coming from the side of the water source, we screw an inch coupling with an external thread, to which we attach a check valve, then a metal corner fitting, followed by a straight American tap. We connect all this to the suction port of the system;

1. We continue the outlet of the unit with an “American” tap, to which we screw a combined rotary (90 degree) polypropylene coupling onto the thread. We solder the water pipe to the coupling;

1. We connect the vertical suction pipe to the horizontal part of the underground pipeline with rotary fittings or couplings;

1. We fill the pump with water through a special hole (read the instructions for the device), open the taps and perform a test run of the system;

1. If the test was successful, we dig trenches, and seal and close the place where the pipes enter the well.

Conclusion

As you can see from our instructions, installing and connecting the pumping station is not so difficult. To assemble the plumbing, you can call a specialist, or you can do it yourself, following the steps in the presented guide. The video in this article will also help you.

Providing water supply to a country house is one of the main and main tasks that must be solved first. Your own well or well on the site will allow you to be completely independent from imported water or neighbors. An additionally installed pumping station for a well or a pumping station for a well will bring comfort and coziness to a private home. Installing pumping stations is the most optimal solution to the issue of constant pressure water supply and will allow you to enjoy such benefits of civilization as a shower, an automatic washing machine and much more.

There are several options for creating water supply at home. It all depends on the method of obtaining water, whether it will be water from a well or from a well, on the depth and productivity, as well as on the water level in the well or well. To choose the right pumping station, you should know the features of their installation, equipment and operating conditions, and also have a pre-prepared project for water supply at home.

Pumping stations of any type have a similar design and differ in the method of water intake, carried out through a well or borehole, and in operating characteristics. Fully installed and working pump station includes pump,hydraulic accumulator(large volume tank about 80 liters), control relay And connecting hose. Such a standard, factory-assembled pumping station can be found in almost any store that specializes in goods for country houses and summer cottages.

Operating principle of pumping stations

Modern pumping stations operate as follows. After starting, the pump pumps water into the accumulator and creates pressure in the entire water supply system that is installed in the house. As soon as someone starts using the faucet in the bathroom, shower or simply washing dishes in the kitchen, the pressure in the system gradually drops to 2.2 bar, and the pressure switch is activated, which turns on the pump. He, in turn, pumps water back into the tank, compensating for its loss, and raises the pressure to 3 bar, after which the relay is activated again and the pump is turned off. Everything is extremely simple and concise; the main condition for the uninterrupted operation of the pumping station is the availability of electricity and a sufficient amount of water in the water intake.

Pumping station design, operating parameters table

Often pumping stations are equipped centrifugal self-priming pumps with built-in ejector. This type of pump has a high water supply pressure of 40 m and a suction depth of up to 9 m. One of the main advantages of this type of pump is its low sensitivity to air in the system. Starting such pumps is not difficult. You just need to open the filler cap, fill the pump with water until water flows over the edge, then close the cap and turn on the pump. After the pump pumps air, it will begin to supply water to the system. To get rid of excess air, you can simply open the tap or valve on the pump itself. A pumping station for wells equipped with such a pump will be most efficient in operation.

There are also centrifugal self-priming pumps with external ejector. Such pumps are installed at pumping stations for deep wells and boreholes. A pumping station for wells and boreholes, equipped with this type of pump, will be able to pump water from a depth of up to 45 meters. Such stations are installed on the surface or in specially designated rooms, and an ejector attached to two pipes is lowered into a well or borehole. One of the pipes is designed to supply water to the ejector and create suction, and the second is for lifting water. The disadvantage of this type of station is the greater sensitivity of the pump to air in the system and contamination. The advantage is that such stations can be placed in the house, and the ejector can be lowered into a well or well, which is located at a distance of 20-40 meters from the house.

Pumping stations for wells or boreholes have the following characteristics: suction lift. Some stations can lift water from a depth of up to 8 meters, others from a depth of 20 to 45 meters. If the characteristics of the pump indicate a suction depth of 8 m, this does not mean that it cannot be used in a well 15 m deep. The required depth is determined by the level of the water surface or, more simply, the level from which this water can be pumped. The thing is that the aquifer can be located at great depths, and the groundwater level at a depth of 2 - 6 meters or more. And this is where knowledge of physics comes in handy, namely the rules of communicating vessels. Water from depth under pressure rises in a well or well to the level at which groundwater is located, and reaches a burial level of 2 to 6 meters.

In areas where the groundwater level is very deep and the water in the well is 10 m or more, submersible pumps. Such pumps are lowered into the well to the water level, pump it up and lift it up. In the case of a well, the pump is also equipped at a depth sufficient for injection. The suction height of pumps is most often 8 m, and they can push water to a fairly large height. For example, in a well 90 m deep, the pump is installed at a depth of 60 m.

Important! When purchasing a pumping station of any type, you should pay attention to its equipment. First of all, this is a check valve. Its presence will protect the pumping station from idling and extend its service life. The next important element is the input filter. Its presence will protect the check valve and pump from sand and dirt. All other elements, such as a pump, automation remote control, hydraulic accumulator and water connection hose are included in the kit.

Water intake calculations for a pumping station

To install a pumping station of any type, you must first find out the productivity of the well or well, the level of the water surface, the possible volume of water consumed and the pressure in the system. In order for a well or well to uninterruptedly supply a house with water, the productivity of the pumping station should not exceed the productivity of the well or well and at the same time be greater than the possible water consumption.

By summing up the data of the installed elements, you can obtain the water consumption when all consumers are turned on at the same time.

Formula for calculating pressure loss

Table of pressure losses depending on the diameter of the pipeline

We calculate the required pressure, taking into account losses in the pipeline:

Formula for required pressure

Having received the necessary data, you can begin to select a pumping station with suitable parameters, which are indicated in its passport.

Important! Data on the productivity of a well or well can be obtained experimentally. Install a motor pump or a regular surface pump and measure the volume of water produced. You can find out the level of the mirror by lowering the nut tied to a strong thread, and then take measurements. If you have a passport for a well or well, then this data can be found there.

For year-round use of the pumping station, it is best to locate it inside a specially designated utility room.

Inside the premises, pipes are laid to all water intake points. Coarse and fine water filters, a pressure gauge and an automation panel are also installed here.

Connecting the unit to the well

Water supply to a house based on a well occurs according to the following scheme. A utility room is set up in the house or nearby, in which the pumping station is located. To operate in winter, the room temperature should not fall below 2 °C. As stated earlier, for wells it is better to use pumps with a remote ejector, since the well is usually located at a distance from the house.

Pumping station connected to a well

To protect pipes from freezing in winter, it is better to lay them in a trench to a depth of 1.8 meters. We install a mesh inlet filter on the suction pipe and lower it down below the level of the mirror. At the inlet in front of the pump we install a coarse filter and a check valve. After the pumping station, we install a fine filter and then connect a pressure gauge, pressure switch and all the other plumbing. We directly connect the station to the control panel.

Pumping station, connection diagram to the well

After the well is drilled, the casing pipe remains on the surface. Next, connecting the pumping station to the well can be done in two ways. The first is the construction of a utility room above the well. The second is the installation of a caisson. In the first case, it will be somewhat inconvenient to heat the room if it is located at a great distance from the house. And since our winters are harsh, the loss of heat will be large.

Therefore, the best solution would be equipment caisson.

The best option for maintenance and operation of a pumping station is installation in a caisson

To do this, the casing pipe is dug to the depth of installation of the caisson, usually about 2.5 m. A concrete pad is poured and the caisson is installed on it. The casing pipe is cut so that about 500 mm remains inside the caisson. From the caisson to the house we dig a trench 1.8 - 2 meters deep and lay underwater pipes in it. The pumping station can be installed in a caisson or in a house, it depends on the type of station itself. Installing a pumping station in a well makes sense when the pump is remote. Then in the utility room of the house there remains only a hydraulic accumulator, filters and a station control panel.

Modern comfort implies the presence of a washing machine, shower, bathtub, toilet in the house, boiler and many other benefits of civilization. Previously, their installation was either impossible or difficult. Today, the presence of various types of pumping stations and pumps makes it possible to provide previously unavailable comfort in a country house.

The first priority after purchasing a country house is the organization of life support systems, one of the main ones being the supply of water. The best option for organizing water supply is drilling. A pumping station for a well will make the home’s water supply system similar to a comfortable city water supply.

Principles of organizing water supply from a well

The level of groundwater, its chemical composition and suitability for consumption are different. Typically, horizons located at a depth of about 10 meters are used for water supply. The water lying above is not suitable for drinking, and drilling artesian wells requires special permission from the authorities. Water can be extracted from wells using both deep and surface pumps.

There are several options for organizing an automatic pumping station:

Direct pumping of water every time the tap is opened. Disadvantage - the pump will quickly fail, turning on whenever someone wants to wash their hands;

Installing a tank on the roof or attic of the house where the water supply will be stored. The pump turns on in response to liquid level float sensors. Disadvantage - unstable fluid pressure;

The most widespread pumping stations in Moscow are those based on a hydraulic accumulator, which maintains the required pressure inside the water supply system.

A hydraulic accumulator is a device consisting of two chambers separated by a membrane: air and liquid. As water flows, the pressure on the membrane on its side drops, and the control sensors turn on the pump. Using the device has the following advantages:

The pump turns on only when the water in the tank begins to dry up;

Constant pressure in the water supply system;

The pipelines are not subject to water hammer when the pump is turned on;

The liquid reserve in the tank guarantees the supply of water to the house even during a power outage.

Main criteria when choosing a station:

The pump power should be selected based on the number of water supply points with the calculation of their simultaneous operation;

The productivity of the water supply system must be less than the value specified in the well passport;

The storage tank is selected with a volume capable of providing the house with water in the event of a system failure.

Where to buy a pumping station for a well?

In Moscow and the Moscow region, equipment for organizing water supply for a country house can be purchased in the Pump-Kotel online store. The company's price for a pumping station for a well is lower than that of its competitors without losing the quality of the product and level of service, which is confirmed by numerous customer reviews. The company simply seeks to make money not by inflating prices, but by attracting clients with favorable conditions. Placing an order takes no more than five minutes; the contact telephone number is listed on the Pump-Kotel store website. Delivery of goods the next day after registration.

Review of automatic water supply pumping stations UNIPUMP AQUAROBOT M

Every owner of a private house, whose property does not have a connection to a centralized water supply, sooner or later thinks about how to provide their home with quality water in sufficient quantity. Today, almost no one carries water in buckets anymore, since a pumping station for a well greatly simplifies the task. Modern equipment even independently regulates the water level; in addition, it can be supplied to all rooms at once, without requiring human intervention.

In order for pumping stations for wells to work, you only need to connect them to the electrical network and properly equip them. No less important is the question of how to choose a water pumping station for wells and wells.

Example of pumping stations

You need to choose taking into account all the factors. Traditionally, a submersible pump is used. It is installed in a well. It is characterized by the fact that it can independently turn on and supply water when you open a tap or other plumbing equipment. If the water level in a well or well is low, a sharp change in the voltage in the network is observed, the equipment turns off on its own, thereby preventing possible breakdowns.

Advantages and disadvantages

Installing a pumping station in a well has both positive and negative aspects. Some types are designed to be used in holiday homes. Their design includes several options for materials from which containers are made where water flows and accumulates. The container contains water for domestic needs.

Well stations have serious advantages. One of the main things is that they are built on the surface of the earth, which makes it convenient to maintain or repair. Installation of this equipment is characterized by simplicity. There is no need to use complex equipment. Almost all the necessary parts, with a few exceptions, are included in the kit. Water is supplied at an average pressure of 1.5 atmospheres. This pressure is quite enough for water to flow to the second floor of the house.

But there are also disadvantages. The main thing is that the room where the pumping station needs to be installed requires insulation and regular maintenance. The owner must constantly monitor the pressure level in the system to ensure that the automation is working correctly. The installed pumping station requires constant cleaning, in particular the check valve, as well as the storage tank. It is possible to connect the pumping station to the well yourself, but provided that you know how this is done. The well should be no deeper than 8 meters. Some models come with an ejector. They can work at a depth of up to 30 meters. Therefore, you need to know how deep your well is. The choice of equipment largely depends on this.

How to choose the right pumping station

Before connecting a pumping station to a well, you must first select it. When choosing downhole equipment, you need to pay attention to the power of the pump. This indicator is the main one to focus on. The power must be at least 600 W, and the maximum for a home or cottage should be no more than 15 W. You need to look not only at the power of the motor, but also at the number of points to which you plan to supply water, at what distance you need to supply it from the pump and how much water is available.

An important indicator is productivity. This figure should be slightly less than indicated in the passport. The drilling company that compiled the documents may, in some cases, indicate the recommended pump performance. As a rule, the amount of water supplied for domestic needs ranges from 3 to 6 thousand liters per hour. This volume should be completely enough.

For full operation and provision of water, the volume of the storage tank must be sufficient. It is selected in such a way that the water supply fully satisfies the needs if the power is cut off or other reasons arise for stopping the supply from the well. The material for the manufacture of the hydraulic accumulator can be cast iron, it can be plastic or steel. It is typical that plastic ones will not last long; their prices are lower. The most durable, but also the most expensive, are cast iron. If you are looking for something in between, pay attention to steel structures.

Equipment Features

A high-quality pumping station should be supplied with a storage tank included. It is divided into two compartments. The first contains water, and the other contains air under pressure. Therefore, if there are power outages, water may be supplied to the points for some time. The air in the storage tank will allow water to be supplied to the room. As a rule, a water supply ranging from 25 to 50 liters should be sufficient for domestic needs.

Protection must be provided to prevent dry running or overheating. But it also costs more than stations without protection. Its function is that in the absence of sufficient water pressure, the pump automatically stops pumping, but is fully operational and can resume supply at any time. The same process occurs when there is a threat of overheating. Overheating can occur when the pump operates at high speeds. Of course, such equipment is more expensive, but the difference in price will pay off very soon, since the presence of protection is the key to long-term operation.

The pumping station can be controlled manually or remotely. Stations with automatic control turn on the water supply automatically when the storage tank is empty and, accordingly, turn off when filling. If you are interested in pumping stations for a country house, you don’t have to buy expensive equipment, since water supply is usually required only in the summer. Therefore, you can install the simplest stations with manual control.

If your station has a check valve, this will contribute to a longer period of use. It is used to reduce safety by ensuring that air does not enter the system.

An inlet filter is installed to protect the check valve. It also protects the entire pumping station from dirt. The filter is very easy to remove if you need to clean it, and then just as easy to put back. As a rule, it is not included in the kit; it must be purchased separately. But it is very important, it increases the service life, so it is still advisable to buy it.

Installation of a pumping station

The first question that arises during installation is where it is best to place it. If installation is required in a country house, then such a place can be any. But the main condition is that it must be placed close to a well or well. If someone lives in the house permanently, you need to install the pump in a warm room. The temperature should not fall below zero, otherwise the water will freeze.

The pipes that go to the pumping station housing from the well must be laid in such a way that they are in the ground deeper than the freezing point of the soil. The well must be tightly closed or even insulated. We protect the check valve from debris. For this purpose, a special mesh is installed. Then fill the tank with water in the amount indicated in the instructions. To create pressure we use a car pump. The next thing to do is open the tap and connect the equipment to the power supply. If everything was done correctly, water should flow into the storage tank. When it is completely filled, the water supply stops completely. It is supplied to the consumer under pressure in the tank. If the pressure drops below 1.5 atmospheres, the pump starts supplying water again.

Installation of a pumping station for a well

In case of overheating, the equipment turns off. And after cooling it starts working again. The pump is cooled by the water passing through it.

Maintenance of such equipment does not require much time or physical effort. You can install a pumping station with your own hands without any problems, the main thing is to comply with all the requirements. If the pumping station stops supplying water, but you cannot find out the reasons yourself, contact a specialist. They will help fix the problem.

The automated process of supplying water from a well to a residential building, garden and vegetable garden will help minimize the time planned for household chores. The “heart” of water supply networks are pumping stations for wells - devices that pump water from a source to water collection points.

For their smooth operation, you need to know the nuances of the location, installation and connection of pumping equipment. Do you agree?

We will tell you how to correctly select a pumping station to supply water to a country house. Here you will learn everything about the rules for laying water lines from the water intake to the house. Taking into account our advice, organizing a water supply with a well as a source will not cause the slightest difficulty.

The level of comfort in a country house is to a large extent determined by the presence of a professionally adjusted water supply system, the main component of which is a pumping station.

The structure of the devices involved in organizing the water supply must be known in any case. It will come in handy if you are laying the water supply yourself or entrusting installation work to professionals.

Knowing the principle of operation of individual elements of the system, in the event of an accident or failure of one of the devices, you will be able to independently, and most importantly, quickly make or replace it.

So, the most important components of a water supply scheme using a pumping station are the following:

• water intake device with filter;
• check valve that prevents water from flowing in the opposite direction;
• suction line - pipe leading to the pump;
• to regulate water supply;
• pressure gauge showing exact parameters;
• – automatic storage;
• electric motor

Instead of a hydraulic accumulator, a more modern and practical device, sometimes a storage tank is used, which has several disadvantages (weak pressure, inconvenient installation, etc.).

The diagram shows one way to install a non-pressure storage tank and a hydrophore capable of regulating the pressure and water level in the system

However, now that many modern inexpensive models with a hydraulic accumulator have appeared in stores, there is no point in independently assembling a system with a storage tank.

If you decide to purchase a container for collecting water, try to take into account the following nuances:

• The reserve tank is installed in the highest possible area (for example, in the attic) to create the necessary pressure.
• The volume of the tank should be such that a reserve of 2-3 days is maintained in case of failure of the pumping equipment (but not more than 250 liters, otherwise sediment accumulation is possible).
• The base for mounting the container must be reinforced with beams, slabs, and additional floors.

The reserve storage tank, like membrane equipment (hydraulic accumulator), should be equipped with a filter. In addition, it is mandatory to install a safety pipe to drain excess water. The hose connected to the pipe is led into the drainage system or lowered into containers intended for storing irrigation water.

Standard diagram of a pumping station design with the designation of the main elements: check valve, pressure switch, pressure gauge, pressure pipeline; the red arrow points to the accumulator

The operating principle of the pumping station is cyclical. As soon as the water supply in the system decreases, the pump turns on and begins pumping water, filling the system.

When the pressure reaches the required level, the pressure switch is activated and turns off the pump. The relay settings must be set before starting to operate the equipment - they depend on the volume of the tank and the characteristics of the pump.

Image gallery

Criteria for choosing a station for a well

When purchasing a pumping station, you should pay attention to the pump parameters and factors characterizing the water source (in our case, a well), including its distance from the building.

For example, it would be useful to clarify the following values:

• Maximum water intake depth. We are interested in the dynamic water level, that is, the average for 1-2 days with constant water use. If you take into account the static level, you can make mistakes in your calculations.
• Nominal head of the unit. The conditional height of the water column that pumping equipment can create. Calculate using the formula, summing up the suction value, the length of horizontal sections of the pipeline, vertical lift and losses for transportation through the pipeline.
• Pumping station performance. For calculations, you can take the average water flow at all water collection points (for example, a faucet at a sink - 0.15 m/s, a shower or washing machine - 0.3 m/s). The total value should not be higher than the well's flow rate, otherwise the source will not be able to cope with the supply.
• Power supply voltage. In household networks this is 220 V (except for powerful stations with three-phase motors, where the voltage is 380 V).
• Power consumption. The spread of energy consumed by stations is impressive. On average 500-2000 W. The choice of circuit breaker type directly depends on the power.
• Volume of the hydraulic accumulator reservoir. From 24 l (for a family of 1-2 people) to 100 l (6 people or more).

It is clear that without knowledge of the technical nuances, before choosing and purchasing a unit, it is better to consult with a specialist who is well versed in household pumping equipment.

The characteristics of the pumping station are indicated in the technical data sheet of the product; to select the desired model, they must be compared with your own calculations

Instructions for installing a pumping station

Let's consider the most popular option for installing a station, in which the unit is located on the territory of the house (in the basement or utility room), and the suction line, lowered into the well, is equipped with an ejector.

External work - from well to house

External activities include the installation of a suction well device - laying a pipeline to the foundation of the house or preparing a site (utility room) for installing a pumping station if it is located in the basement.

The closer the well is to the house, the better, as this guarantees stronger water pressure and a minimum of problems with laying the water supply. The main task of drillers is to equip the well by installing a casing pipe in accordance with the norms and requirements; they do not deal with the external design of the well head.

Thus, before starting work, the well is a piece of pipe about 1 m high, sticking out of the ground.

There are several ways to improve the exit of the casing to the surface: from simply connecting pumping equipment to constructing an underground caisson or a small external structure

We decided to install a well with a pumping station for pumping out on the territory of the house, therefore, there is no need to create an additional room in the head area - it is enough to design the head itself, maintaining a tight connection between the pipe and the water supply.

To lay a main line that will function year-round, you will have to dig a trench below the freezing level. Accordingly, the casing will also have to be dug to this level.

Thus, the pipes will go from to the hole in the foundation of the house. An important condition is the slope of the water supply in the direction of the source, so that in case of drainage, water can flow naturally into the well.

The hole in the foundation should not be too high in relation to the main line - sudden changes and bends negatively affect the pressure force and the functioning of the system as a whole.

After a hole has been punched in the foundation and a trench has been dug, three steps must be performed directly related to the installation of pumping equipment:

• assemble and install the ejector;
• secure the head hermetically;
• prepare a site for installing a hydraulic accumulator.

The ejector is a cast iron part with three threaded holes. When connecting it to pipes, it is necessary to use sealing paste, fum tape or flax, otherwise the tightness will be broken.

Ejector operation diagram. Pay attention to the lower part of the device - this is a filter that retains particles of sand and bottom sediment; it must be installed first, otherwise the equipment will quickly fail

If the outer piece of casing extends high above the ground, the excess portion must be cut off. It may be difficult to find a head for a two-pipe device; in this case, you can assemble the device from a head for a single-pipe station. To do this, a branch of the same diameter is welded to the casing pipe at a right angle.

To calculate the length of vertical pipes, for which roll-type polyethylene products are often used, it is necessary to add 2 meters to the dynamic water level.

You should not lower the end of the device close to the bottom, as the coarse filter will quickly become clogged. If polyethylene pipes do not straighten (because they have been stored in a roll for a long time), they can be slightly heated with a hair dryer.

The ejector is threaded onto pipes, sealed tightly and lowered into water. Procedures for sealing joints and securing knees must be carried out on a solid base. If you try to fix the parts by weight, you risk drowning the ejector in the well. You will have to buy a new station, because the ejector is not sold separately.

External pipes are laid in trenches and driven into, then connected to the couplings of a centrifugal surface pump. To make the pipes fit more tightly, they must be inserted all the way, tightened by hand, and then secure the result with a gas wrench. Sprinkling of the pipeline should only be done after testing the system.

It is better if at the time of immersion of the ejector the pumping station is already installed on a specially prepared base. It must be stable and strong, reaching a height of up to half a meter.

You can make a concrete platform, put together a table from wooden blocks or lay brickwork - the main conditions are to ensure safety and stability.

Another option for mounting a hydraulic accumulator is on brackets mounted on the wall. But keep in mind that any contact of pumping equipment with supporting structures will cause noise in residential areas

After the ejector connected to the suction line has lowered the water, and it, in turn, is attached to the pumping station, you can begin internal work on installing home wiring.

Installation of shut-off valve and filter

We will not discuss in detail the connection of water points, but will consider the installation of a section of pressure pipes to the filter. As main elements inside the house, you can use polymer pipes with a set of fittings of a suitable diameter. Parts made from the materials mentioned are easy to install and replace if the need arises.

You need to start with a tie-in, which will make it possible to install plumbing equipment and also shut off the home water supply network in the event of an accident or long-term departure.

The best option is considered to be a reliable ball valve with an American connection. If desired, it can be quickly replaced or removed without dismantling the remaining parts of the line.

Buy only high-quality brass taps, since cheap fakes with silumin-containing alloys quickly fail and often cause flooding.

Optimal pumping station installation diagram: ½ ball valve with “American” 20 – ½ HP located directly at the outlet of the internal polypropylene line with pipe 20

The primary filter should be located next to the hydraulic accumulator, in a place convenient for maintenance. The regularity of washing the cartridges - the main filter filling - depends on the saturation of the water with lime, iron and other microelements.

There should be no inclusions such as coarse sand or pieces of clay on the internal section of the water supply; they are filtered out even before the water enters the membrane tank.

Typically, the filter comes with an installation key, which makes the installation process easier. The housing must be installed so that on one side there is a pumping station, on the other there is a distribution line to the points of consumption. The pipes along their entire length are fixed to the wall with clamps, at turns and at fastening points - with special fittings.

Self-washing fine filters improve water quality, thereby protecting plumbing fixtures (faucets, sanitaryware) from premature breakdowns and reducing the cost of their maintenance

When assembling the network, make sure the connections are tight, otherwise when water moves under pressure, the line may leak.

Checking the system operation - test run

Testing the operation of the water supply system is the final step to the well. In order for the procedure to go without “surprises,” you should remember a number of important rules.

For full operation of the equipment, it is necessary to complete the installation of external water supply and installation of internal wiring. To check, you can also turn off the tap of the internal part, and use the watering line instead (if it is provided for by the project).

When performing preparatory work before starting the pumping station, be sure to use the instructions! Failure to follow the manufacturer's technical instructions may cause damage to the pumping equipment.

Equipment preparation procedure:

• Fill the inside of the accumulator with water (required!) by unscrewing the tank cap and using a funnel. It will take about 10-12 liters of liquid to fill the pump and adjacent pipes.
• Screw the filler cap tightly.
• Check the pressure parameters in the hydraulic accumulator (they are indicated in the technical specifications and are 1.2-1.5 atmospheres). If the pressure is lower, it is necessary to pump up the air to the required level using a compressor.
• Let the water flow by opening the valves on the main lines.

Only after completing all of the above steps can you connect the electrical power. As soon as the motor starts, water will fill all the pipes. It is necessary to ensure that the air is completely removed from the lines, then you can turn off the tap.

If the testing was successful, it is necessary to complete the installation of the system: finally secure the pipes inside the building, backfill the street main.

HDPE pipes - an alternative to steel mains

Let's take a closer look at the pipes connecting the submersible equipment and the surface centrifugal pump.

When choosing pipes for external water supply, you need to focus on factors such as:

• convenient transportation;
• easy installation that does not require highly qualified knowledge;
• strength, abrasion resistance;
• elasticity and deformation of shape without loss of functional qualities;
• non-toxic, safe for moving drinking water.

All of the above requirements are met by pipes made of low-density polyethylene. Unlike metal analogues, they do not deteriorate due to corrosion over time. The average service life of HDPE pipes is 50 years.

One of the advantages of HDPE pipes is the availability of a set of various fittings of a suitable standard (couplings, plugs, adapters) for quick and easy installation

• variety;
• external diameter;
• wall thickness;
• nominal and maximum pressure.

On the pipe, which is necessary for laying the pressure line from the well, it is possible to indicate the purpose - “drinking”. For use in the country, products with a diameter of 32 mm and a wall thickness of 2.4 mm are suitable. The blue stripe indicates that the pipes are intended for pumping water (yellow – for transporting gas).

A water supply network of complex design has branches (for example, to ensure watering of a garden or water supply to a bathhouse). To monitor pipe connection points, inspection wells made of brick, concrete or plastic are installed

How to insulate an external water supply?

Laying the main line below the freezing level of the soil solves the problem of additional thermal insulation, but it is not always possible to dig deep trenches. It is necessary to place the pipes at a shallow depth, having previously insulated them on all sides.

Previously, the only acceptable method was used - they wrapped the products with a heat-insulating material, for example, a mineral wool shell, then with waterproofing so that water did not penetrate from the outside.

Nowadays, several modern methods have appeared that increase the efficiency of heat saving. For example, the use of pipes, factory-made, enclosed in a hard polystyrene foam shell.

The most effective way is to use. The water supply pipeline has a diameter of 32 mm, which means that it is enough to stretch the cable along the main line, securing it directly to the pipe.

Cable manufacturers guarantee that it will protect the water supply even at a surface temperature of -50º C. Thanks to the built-in sensors, electric heating is maintained at +5º C

The only disadvantage of the electric heating system is its dependence on power supply. However, country homeowners who constantly live off-grid always have an alternative source of energy available - a gas, diesel or gasoline generator.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

They will help you understand the nuances of installing a pumping station for wells.

Video #1. Useful tips for self-assembly and installation of a pumping station:

Video #2. Features of installing a pumping station in the basement:

Video #3. Installation instructions for the Grundfos MQ pumping station:

We recommend connecting pumping equipment yourself only to those who have already encountered the installation, replacement or repair of pumping stations. For beginners, it is better to turn to people experienced in this matter, or at least carry out all the work under their control.

Would you like to tell us about how you installed a pumping station to draw water from your own well or well? Do you know the nuances of connecting equipment that are not mentioned in the article? Please write comments in the block below, ask questions, share your impressions, useful information and photos on the topic of the article.