How often does a solar eclipse occur on earth? Scientific experiments for amateurs. Eclipses and astrology
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Solar eclipse– description for children: phases and conditions, eclipse diagram, position of the Moon, Sun and Earth in space, total, partial, annular, how to observe.
For the little ones you should know exactly how this amazing event happens - solar eclipse. Children We must remember that all objects in the solar system move along their own trajectory. On certain dates, the Moon appears in the space between us and, covering a certain part of the Earth with its shadow. Of course, depending on the position of the bodies, there can be a total, partial or annular solar eclipse. But all this is based on specific factors that need to be explain to the children. The diagram below will show how an eclipse is formed and which solar eclipse you are looking at in a particular case.
Parents or teachers At school must start with the background. The moon appeared 4.5 billion years ago. But initially it was located much closer, until it began to gradually move away (by 4 cm every year). Now the Moon has moved away so much that it fits perfectly into the outline of the Sun (in the sky, both objects seem the same size to us). True, it doesn’t always work out that way.
When is the next eclipse?
To give full explanation for children, it would be good to study the conditions of a solar eclipse and give an example of a previous event - February 26th. It was visible from Argentina, the South Atlantic and parts of Africa. Although when modern technologies Having a computer, you can observe this from anywhere on earth.
The next solar eclipse will be visible from North America on August 21st. It will be complete and will pass through the US states: from Oregon to Georgia.
Types of solar eclipses
When people watch a solar eclipse, they don't always understand which one they are seeing. Children must remember only four varieties: full, ring, partial and hybrid.
Complete
To be honest, regarding the total solar eclipse, we were just very lucky. The solar diameter is 400 times larger than the lunar diameter. But even for the little ones It’s not news that the earth’s satellite is located closer. Therefore, when their orbits intersect, the distance is evened out and the Moon can completely cover the solar disk. This is usually monitored every 18 months.
Shadow is divided into two types. The shadow is the part where everything is blocked sunlight(takes the shape of a dark cone). It is surrounded by penumbra. This is a lighter, funnel-shaped shadow that only partially blocks the light.
When the period comes total eclipse, The moon casts a shadow on the surface. Should explain to the children that such a shadow is capable of covering 1/3 of the earth’s route in just a couple of hours. If you are lucky enough to be exposed to direct light, you will see the sun's disk take the shape of a crescent.
There is a very short moment when the Sun is completely blocked. Then you will catch the glow of the crown (outer globe solar atmosphere). This period lasts up to 7 minutes 31 seconds, although most total eclipses tend to end earlier.
Partial
A partial eclipse occurs when only a penumbra forms above you. At such moments, a certain part of the Sun always remains visible (which one will depend on the circumstances).
Most often, penumbra lies over the polar regions. Other areas near this zone see only a thin streak of sunlight hidden behind the Moon. If you are in the very center of events, you can see the part covered with shadow. Important explain to the children that the closer they are to the epicenter, the larger the event will seem. For example, if you find yourself out of sight, you will be able to notice how the Sun decreases to a crescent shape, and then gradually returns to its usual appearance.
Ring
An annular eclipse is a type of partial eclipse, and it lasts 12 minutes 30 seconds (maximum). To make it clear explanation for children, it is worth noting that this occurs rarely and does not seem to be complete. It all starts with the sky darkening, resembling twilight, as most of the star is still visible.
Sometimes it is still confused with the full moon, because the Moon occupies the entire central solar plane. But here lies the main difference. The fact is that our satellite at this moment is not close enough, so it appears small and does not cover the entire disk. Therefore, the tip of the shadow is not marked on Earth. If you are lucky enough to be in the very center, you will see a “ring of fire” framing the Moon. Parents or teachers At school can demonstrate this phenomenon by placing a coin on a glowing flashlight.
Hybrids
They are also called annular (A-T) eclipses. This happens when the Moon reaches its limit in distance, allowing its shadow to touch our surface. In most cases, the origin resembles a ring type because the shadow tip does not yet reach the Earth. Then it becomes complete, since in the very middle the shadow falls on the earth's roundness, after which it returns to the ring type again.
Since it appears that the satellite is crossing the solar line, total, annular and hybrid eclipses are called “central” so as not to confuse them with partial ones. If we take it as a percentage, we get: full - 28%, partial - 35%, ring - 32% and hybrid - 5%.
Eclipse forecasts
Certainly, for the little ones It is important to understand that eclipses will not occur with every new moon. The moon's shadow most often passes above or below Earth's level because the satellite's orbit is tilted 5 degrees. But 2 times a year (maybe 5) the new moon becomes at the correct point to obscure the Sun. This point is called a node. Partiality or centrality will depend on the satellite's proximity to that node. But the formation of a total, annular or hybrid eclipse will be affected by the distance between the Earth and the Moon, as well as the planet and the Sun.
Parents should be reminded that these events do not happen by chance and can be calculated, giving people the opportunity to prepare. There is a certain interval called the Saros cycle. Children They will be surprised, but early Chaldean astronomers managed to calculate it 28 centuries ago. The word “saros” itself denoted the process of repetition and was equated to 18 years and 11⅓ days (of course, in leap year the number of days varies). At the end of the interval, the Sun and Moon align to their previous location. What does third mean? This is the path of each eclipse, which each time moves closer to the west in relation to longitude. For example, the total eclipse of March 29, 2006 passed through western and northern Africa, and then moved to southern Asia. On April 8, 2024 it will repeat, but will already cover northern Mexico, central and eastern regions USA, as well as coastal Canadian provinces.
Safe Surveillance
The closer the event, the more actively the news tries to talk about the most important precautions regarding observing the eclipse. They forbid looking directly, as you might go blind. Because of this, many began to treat eclipses as something dangerous. No matter how it is!
Generally speaking, the Sun never loses its danger. Every second it showers our planet with invisible infrared rays that can damage vision. Children They probably checked this on themselves when they stared at the ordinary Sun for a long time. Of course, most of the time we don't do this, but an eclipse makes us look up.
But there are also safe methods...
Maximum security is guaranteed by pinhole cameras. Binoculars or a small telescope on a tripod will also work. With its help you can find spots, and also notice that the Sun will be darker at the edges. Otherwise, you should never look directly at the Sun without protective equipment.
There is also a mirror with special holes. You can do it yourself. To do this, take paper with a small hole and cover the mirror with it (no larger than your palm). Open a window with sunny side, and place the mirror on the windowsill illuminated by the rays. It must be placed so that the reflective side reflects sunlight onto the wall inside the house. You will see the manifestation of the disk - this is the face of the sun. The greater the distance from the wall, the better the visibility. Every three meters the image appears only 3 cm. You need to experiment with the size of the hole, as a large one will add brightness to the image at the expense of loss of clarity. But a small one will make it darker, but sharper. Don't forget to close the other windows with curtains and don't turn on the lights. It is best to organize maximum gloom in the room. Do not forget also that the mirror must be level and do not look at the reflection itself.
It's worth giving up the negatives old film for the camera, as well as black and white film (there is no silver in it), sunglasses, photographic neutral density filters and polarizing filters. Of course, they don't let in much sunlight, but children must understand that they cannot protect their eyes from exposure to huge amounts of nearby infrared radiation, which can lead to retinal burn. And don't think that the absence of discomfort makes observation safe.
True, there is one moment when you can look at the Sun without fear - a total eclipse. At this time, the solar disk overlaps. But this lasts only a few seconds or minutes, but there is an opportunity to admire the delightful radiance of the pearl-white crown. With each eclipse it will change shades and size. Sometimes it seems soft, but it happens that several long rays seem to diverge from the star. But as soon as the Sun appears, you need to quickly take advantage of protection.
Eclipses in ancient times
Explanation for children would be incomplete without mentioning historical events. The earliest records appeared 4,000 years ago. The Chinese believed that it was a giant dragon trying to swallow the Sun. At the emperor's court there were even special astronomers who, during the event, shot arrows into the sky, played drums and made noise to scare the monster.
This is shown in the book ancient China Shujing (Book of Documents). It tells the story of two astronomers at court: Xi and Ho. They were caught drunk before the eclipse began. The emperor was so angry that he gave the order to cut off their heads. This event occurred on October 22, 2134 BC.
Eclipses are also mentioned in the Bible. For example, in Amos 8:9: “I will cause the sun to go down at midday and darken the earth in the midst of the bright day.” Scientists say that we're talking about about the eclipse in Nineveh on June 15, 763 BC.
Solar eclipse can stop war
Herodotus said that the Lydians and Medes fought a 5-year war. When it was supposed to stretch on for another year, Thales of Miletus (Greek sage) said that the moment would soon come when day would become night. And this happened on May 17, 603 BC. The warriors thought that this was a warning sign from the gods and reconciled.
Surely children You may have heard the expression “scared to death.” So this has a real reference to the son of Charlemagne, Emperor Louis of Bavaria. May 5, 840 AD he noticed a total eclipse that lasted for a full 5 minutes. But as soon as the Sun appeared from the shadows, Louis was so amazed that he died of horror!
Modern research
Astronomers have been studying our system for a long time, trying to figure out what an eclipse is. And although it was very difficult to obtain information then (people could not go into space), by the 18th century a lot of useful knowledge had been collected.
To observe the total solar eclipse of October 27, 1780, Harvard professor Samuel Williams organized a trip to Panebscot Bay, Maine. This was dangerous, since at that time this territory was in the enemy zone (War of Independence). But the British appreciated the importance for science and let it pass without any claims of political differences.
But all this turned out to be in vain. Williams made a serious miscalculation so he stationed his men at Islesboro, which was just outside the event. He watched with disappointment as the crescent slid around the dark edge of the moon and began to gain strength.
During the full cycle, several bright red spots can be seen around the black disk of the satellite. These are solar prominences - hot hydrogen escaping to the surface of the star. The phenomenon was tracked by Pierre Janssen (an astronomer from France) on August 18, 1868. Thanks to this he discovered new element, which was later nicknamed helium by other astronomers (J. Norman Lockyer and Edward Frankland) (the Greek word "helios" meant "Sun"). It was only identified in 1895.
Another interesting thing about a total eclipse is that it blocks out sunlight, making the surrounding stars much easier to observe. It is under these conditions that astronomers manage to test general theory relativity, which predicted that starlight would pass beyond the Sun and go off the straight path. To do this, we compared two photographs of the same stars, taken during the total eclipse of May 29, 1919, and during the day.
Modern technology can do without eclipses to track other stars. But a total eclipse will forever remain a long-awaited and amazing event that everyone should see. You have studied the description and conditions for creating a solar eclipse. Use our photos, videos, drawings and moving models online to better understand the description and characteristics of the star. In addition, the site has online telescopes that observe the Sun in real time, and a 3D model solar system with all the planets, a map of the Sun and a view of the surface. Be sure to check the calendar pages to find out when the next solar eclipse will be.
All the inhabitants of our planet dream of seeing such an incredible spectacle as a solar eclipse. This event is very rare and its every appearance arouses genuine interest of the masses. In the article we will look at what this phenomenon is, analyze the advice of astrologers and decide on the dates of solar eclipses.
and why does it happen
A solar eclipse is one of the most anticipated astronomical events. It is observed when the Moon passes between the Sun and the globe, covers the star from the inhabitants of our world. The shadow cast by the Moon on Earth is small sizes relative to our planet, therefore it cannot envelop its entire area at once.
Based on the amount of the sun's surface covered, the following are distinguished:
- Time of total solar eclipse. When the observer is in the lunar shadow, the eclipse of the sun will cover the entire solar disk, and in the darkened sky only the so-called solar corona will be visible.
- A partial eclipse is so called because only a fraction of the solar circle will be closed to viewers in the penumbra region. Accordingly, this event will be visible only from that part of our planet that falls under the lunar shadow or is adjacent to this darkened area (this approximate zone is called the penumbra).
- Annular solar eclipse. In 2017, this variant was observed by residents south pole. It is observed when the Moon at the time of the eclipse is located at a great distance relative to our planet and its shadow does not reach the Earth. In this situation, it will be visible how the Moon moves in the center of the solar circle, but its diameter smaller size solar disk, and, accordingly, the Sun will not disappear completely, but will look like a bright ring with dark spot in the middle. The sky darkens slightly, it’s impossible to see.
In a situation where the eclipse is seen from different points on the Earth (in the lunar shadow) as both total and annular, it will be classified as total annular or hybrid.
Solar eclipses of the 20th century were especially interesting to science. Thanks to this phenomenon, scientists were able to explore the surroundings of the Sun, which is impossible under normal conditions. And since 1996, the SOHO satellite has been helping with this. Before the beginning of the 20th century, the chromosphere was explored during eclipses and several comets were observed.
Dates of solar eclipses 2018
This will occur three times in 2018.
On 02/15/2018 at 16.30 Moscow time there will be a partial solar eclipse, which will be visible in South America and Antarctica. Russians will not be able to admire the phenomenon.
On July 13, 2018 at 06.02 Moscow time, another partial eclipse will take place; it will be visible in Tasmania, southern Australia and eastern Antarctica.
On August 11, 2018 at 12.47 Moscow time, a partial solar eclipse will take place at 12.47 Moscow time. This time, Russians (central part, Siberia, Far East), as well as residents of Kazakhstan, Mongolia, northeast China, Scandinavian countries, Greenland and the northern part of Canada will have the opportunity to see this unusual phenomenon with their own eyes.
Features of the eclipses of the coming 2018
According to astrologers, each new eclipse affects a person in a special way, which is due to the unique position of the planets and stars relative to each other, the Sun and the Moon at the time of the phenomenon. Having calculated the influence of the interactions of celestial bodies, astrologers have made recommendations regarding human actions at the time of solar eclipses in 2018:
- During the next solar eclipse on February 15, 2018, a person may involuntarily manifest or intensify the desire for not the most kind and noble deeds. Therefore, on this day you should most carefully control your emotions, words and actions, and try not to get drawn into conflict.
- Eclipse July 13, 2018. Any endeavors on this day are doomed to failure.
- Eclipse on August 11, 2018. You should be careful when accepting important decisions on the day of the eclipse, or better yet, postpone it altogether. A person will be overcome by absent-mindedness, attention to detail will weaken, as a result of which on this day one may lose sight of important nuances and, having made any decision, subsequently regret it.
Solar eclipses 2019
In 2019, as in 2018, earthlings will be able to admire the solar eclipse on the following dates:
Preparation
Both doctors and specialists in such areas as astrology and esotericism urge not to treat the phenomenon of a solar eclipse as something catastrophic and destructive for humans. Before an upcoming astronomical phenomenon, you should not radically change your lifestyle or lock yourself at home in anxious anticipation. But nevertheless, before the date of the solar eclipse, activities aimed at improving general well-being will not be superfluous: walks on fresh air, moderation in diet. You should also put off less urgent matters and worries to avoid additional emotional and physical activity on the eve of the eclipse. This “unloading” regime will allow you to relieve the anxiety and nervousness that is characteristic of a person during this unusual period.
Among astrologers and esotericists, it is believed that a solar eclipse is a moment of purification; at this time, the most successful ventures will be those related to getting rid of everything that burdens a person or harms his health.
During future events, as well as during solar eclipses in 2017, you should keep in mind:
What not to do during eclipses
According to esotericists, the period of the nearest solar eclipses is extremely unfavorable for any undertakings.
These days have the following features:
- It is believed that on the day of the eclipse there is a high probability of committing rash acts.
- It is not advisable to schedule large financial transactions, marriage registration, or signing important documents on this day.
- You should be careful about carrying out planned medical procedures on this date; if possible, it is better to postpone the procedure to another day.
- It is not recommended to use psychotropic substances.
- They also advise not to take information “to heart”; you should try to abstract yourself and assess the situation objectively.
In order to prepare for a natural phenomenon in time, you need to plan the necessary things in advance and compare what you have planned with the list of solar eclipses .
The influence of eclipses on humans
Medical scientists are of the opinion that the astrological phenomenon does not have a significant impact on a person's physical health, regardless of where the solar eclipse was visible. Since this phenomenon is quite short in duration, it simply does not have time to seriously interfere with the biochemical processes of the body.
However, this amazing natural phenomenon has traditionally caused the world's population a feeling of anxiety and concern, since this event is relatively rare and is subconsciously perceived by humans as alien. People experience similar discomfort when they find themselves in an unfamiliar, hostile environment. A particularly pronounced feeling of anxiety occurs in people with high meteosensitivity, with manifestations of vegetative dystonia, in anxious and suspicious individuals, in people with depressive disorders.
It has been noticed that during the eclipse the frequency of suicidal manifestations increases slightly. Therefore, doctors recommend that people with the above personality traits start taking sedatives in advance when the date of the eclipse approaches. And on the day of the phenomenon, if possible, protect yourself from additional experiences and stress.
An eclipse is usually called an astronomical situation during which one heavenly body completely blocks the light of another celestial body. The most famous are the eclipses of the Moon and the Sun. Eclipses are considered interesting natural phenomena, familiar to mankind since ancient times. They occur relatively often, but are not visible from every point on the earth. For this reason, eclipses seem to be a rare event to many. As everyone knows, planets and their satellites do not stand in one place. The Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon moves around the Earth. Periodically, moments arise when the Moon completely or partially covers the Sun. So why do solar and lunar eclipses occur?
Moon eclipse
During its full phase, the moon appears coppery red, especially as it approaches the center of the shadow region. This shade is due to the fact that the rays of the sun, tangent to the surface of the earth, passing through the atmosphere, are scattered and fall into the shadow of the Earth through a thick layer of air. This works best with rays of red and orange shades. Therefore, only they paint the lunar disk this color, based on the state of the earth’s atmosphere.
Eclipse of the sun
A solar eclipse is the lunar shadow on the surface of the Earth. The diameter of the shadow spot is about two hundred kilometers, which is several times less land. For this reason, an eclipse of the sun can only be seen in a narrow strip along the path of the moon's shadow. An eclipse of the Sun occurs when the Moon comes between the observer and the Sun, blocking it.
Since the Moon on the eve of an eclipse is turned towards us with the side that does not receive light, a new moon always occurs on the eve of an eclipse of the Sun. Simply put, the Moon becomes invisible. It seems that the Sun is covered by a black disk.
Why do solar and lunar eclipses occur?
Phenomena of the sun and lunar eclipse clearly visible through . Observers were able to achieve great achievements by confirming the effect of gravity of large space objects on light rays.
Solar eclipse:
Total solar eclipse, partial solar eclipse, annular eclipse
Recently, astronomy has ceased to be a compulsory subject in school; hopes are pinned on this publication for the possibility of filling the forced gaps in education with the help of the Internet...
First of all, let’s turn to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia to take advantage of the time-tested and undoubtedly outstanding scientists definition of the subject of our conversation: “An eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon in which the Sun, Moon, planet, satellite of a planet or star ceases to be visible in whole or in part to an earthly observer.
Eclipses occur due to the fact that either one celestial body covers another, or the shadow of one non-self-luminous body falls on another similar body. An eclipse of the Sun is observed when it is covered (overshadowed) by the Moon."Solar eclipses always occur on New Moon.
A solar eclipse is a unique phenomenon every time.
What types of eclipses are there?
We are so used to our moon that we don’t even realize how lucky we are with it! And we were lucky to have her twice. First, our Moon is not some shapeless boulder like Phobos or Deimos, but a neat, round mini-planet! Second: The Moon is now far enough from the Earth and there are no daily earthquakes and huge waves, once in the past caused by the tidal forces of the Moon (in our time, the Moon is moving away from the Earth at a speed of 4 cm per year - per year). early eras it happened faster). The Moon is now so far away that its apparent angular size is close to that of the even more distant Sun. And once upon a time the Moon was so close to the Earth that solar eclipses occurred every new moon, although at that time there was no one to look at them...
Each solar eclipse is unique in its own way; exactly how the eclipse will look for an observer on earth is determined by 3 factors (in addition to weather): the angular diameters (dimensions) of the Sun visible from the observation point α and the moon β and the trajectory of the Moon relative to the Sun and stars (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. The angular diameters of the Sun visible from the Earth's surface ( α ) and Moon ( β ), the trajectory of the Moon’s movement across the starry sky (dotted line).
Due to the fact that the Moon and the Earth move in elliptical orbits (the Moon is sometimes closer and sometimes further from the Earth, and the Earth, in turn, is sometimes closer and sometimes further from the Sun), the apparent angular diameter of the Moon, depending on its orbital position, can vary from 29 .43" to 33.3" (arcminutes), and the apparent angular diameter of the Sun is from 31.6" to 32.7". Moreover, their average apparent diameters, respectively, are for the Moon: 31"05" and for the Sun: 31"59".
Depending on whether the visible trajectory of the Moon passes through the center of the Sun, or intersects its visible region in an arbitrary place, as well as various combinations of visible angular dimensions The Moon and the Sun, traditionally there are three types of solar eclipses: partial, total and annular eclipses.
Partial solar eclipse
If the observed trajectory of the Moon does not pass through the center of the Sun, then the Moon, as a rule, cannot completely obscure the Sun (Fig. 3) - an eclipse in which the Moon covers the Sun is not completely called partial (partial from the word “part” with the meaning “partial” eclipse"). Such an eclipse can occur at any time possible combinations apparent angular diameters of the Moon and Sun.
The majority of solar eclipses occurring on Earth are partial eclipses (approximately 68%).
Total solar eclipse
If at any point on the Earth's surface observers can see that the Moon completely covers the Sun, then such an eclipse is called a total solar eclipse. Such an eclipse occurs when the apparent path of the Moon passes through the center of the Sun or very close to it and at the same time the apparent diameter of the Moon β must be greater than or at least equal to the apparent diameter of the Sun α (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Total solar eclipse, March 20, 2015 in 12:46 observed near the North Pole.
A total solar eclipse can be observed within very small areas of the earth's surface, as a rule, it is a strip up to 270 km wide, outlined by the shadow of the Moon - observers in areas adjacent to the shadowed areas see only a partial solar eclipse (Figure 5).
Rice. 5. Total solar eclipse, the shadow of the Moon on the surface of the Earth, the dark dotted line indicates the trajectory of the shadow area
For each specific area, a total solar eclipse is very rare. In Moscow, for example, the last total solar eclipse occurred in August 1887 (08/19/1887), and the next one is expected on 10/16/2126. So, if you sit in one place for a long time, you may never see a total solar eclipse in your life ( however, in August 1887, Muscovites still did not see it due to bad weather). Therefore: “If you want to survive an event, do everything possible to make it happen!” /Slogan of Enthusiasts/
Thank God, in general, on the surface of the Earth, total eclipses do not occur very rarely, on average once every year and a half and account for almost 27% of all eclipse variants.
Annular solar eclipse
If the trajectory of the Moon passes near the center of the Sun, but the apparent angular diameter of the Moon is less than that of the Sun β < α , then at the moment the centers align, the Moon cannot completely obscure the Sun and a glow in the form of a ring is created around it, such an eclipse is called annular (Fig. 6), but in oral speech, traditionally striving to express the meaning as briefly as possible, the expression annular eclipse was established, i.e. "Annular solar eclipse" is a term, but "annular eclipse" is just jargon for now...
Rice. 6. An annular solar eclipse, someday...
Annular (annular) solar eclipses are currently the most rare view eclipses, they account for only 5%. But, as we know, the Moon is gradually moving away from the Earth and annular eclipses will occur more and more often.
Why solar eclipses happen so rarely
main reason The reason that solar eclipses in our time do not occur every new moon is that the plane of the Moon’s orbit does not coincide with the plane of the ecliptic (the plane of the Earth’s orbit) and is inclined to it at an angle of 5.145 degrees (Fig. 7, item 1). In this figure, as well as in all others, the sizes of the angles and the ratio of the scales of objects are exaggerated for clarity of the images.
Rice. 7.
Work on the article "Solar Eclipses" continues.
Sergey Ov(Seosnews9)
Solar eclipses of 2019:
January 2019 - Partial solar eclipse
;
July 2019 - Total solar eclipse;
December 2019 -(observed in Russia)
06.01.2019 04:28
- New Moon.
This new moon will happenpartial solar eclipse
January 6, 2019 at 04:41 MSK, eclipse it will be possible to observe in eastern Mongolia, northeastern China, Korea and Japan, in Russia - in the south of Eastern Siberia, the Far East, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands and Sakhalin.
02.07.2019 22:16
- New Moon.
This new moon will happen total solar eclipse
, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin July 2, 2019 at 10:26 pm MSK, a partial eclipse of the Sun can only be observed in the south Pacific Ocean, Central and South America (Chile, Argentina), alas: will not be observed in Russia...
26.12.2019 08:13
- New Moon.
This new moon will make the inhabitants of the Earth happy with the third solar eclipse of the year - it will be annular solar eclipse
(annular), the maximum phase of the eclipse will occur December 26, 2019 05:18:53 MSK, the annular eclipse can be observed in the east of the Arabian Peninsula, the south of India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Malaysia and Indonesia, particularly in Central and South-East Asia, Australia and western Oceania , in Russia the eclipse will be observed in Transbaikalia and Primorye
.
2018:
February 2018 - Partial solar eclipse;
July 2018 - Partial solar eclipse;
August 2018 - Partial solar eclipse
(observed in Russia)
16.02.2018 00:05
- New Moon
This new moon will happen partial solar eclipse
, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin 02/15/2018 at 23:52 MSK, a partial eclipse of the Sun can only be observed in Antarctica and southern South America (Chile, Argentina) - summary: V Russia will not be observed.
13.07.2018 05:48
- New Moon (
, (super new moon) - translation option from English word"supermoon", the other is "Super Moon". On a new moon, the Moon is usually not visible, but on such occasions there are very strong tides, the best option translation will be: “Strong Moon”?)
In addition, on this new moon there will be partial solar eclipse
, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin 07/13/2018 at 06:02 MSK. The eclipse can be observed, alas, only in Antarctica on the Budd Coast, the southernmost part of Australia, Tasmania or in the Indian Ocean between Antarctica and Australia - the eclipse will not be observed in Russia
.
11.08.2018 12:58
- New moon(
, Strong Moon)
On this new moon it will also happenpartial solar eclipse
, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin August 11, 2018 at 12:47 MSK, the eclipse can be observed in northern Canada, Greenland in Scandinavian countries,in Russia - in the northern and middle latitudes of Central Russia, throughout Siberia and Far East
, northeastern Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China .
2017: February 2017 - Annular solar eclipse; August 2017 - Total solar eclipse
26 February 2017 17:58
On this winter new moon there will be annular solar eclipse
. The maximum phase of the eclipse will begin February 26, 2017 at 17:54 MSK
. An annular eclipse of the Sun can be observed in the south of Argentina and Chile, southwest Angola, and private in southern South America, Antarctica, western and southern Africa - will not be observed in Russia.
21 August 2017 21:30- astronomical new moon.
On this summer new moon there will be total solar eclipse
. The maximum phase of the eclipse will begin August 21, 2017 at 21:26 MSK.
A total eclipse of the Sun can be observed, alas, only in North America in the United States, private in Russia
- in Chukotka (the Moon will barely touch the Sun); in other countries- in the USA and Canada, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland and the UK, Portugal (at sunset), Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guinea and Brazil.
March 2016 - Total Solar Eclipse + Supermoon
09 March 2016 04:54 Moscow time - astronomical new moon;
This new moon will happen total solar eclipse, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin March 09, 2016 at 04:58 MSK, a total solar eclipse will be observed on the islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Halmahera, private in Russia- in Primorye, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Kamchatka; in other countries in India, China, Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, USA and Canada (Alaska)
;
01.09.2016 12:03
- astronomical new moon;
This new moon will happen annular solar eclipse, the maximum phase of the eclipse will begin September 01, 2016 at 12:08 MSK
, An annular eclipse can be observed, alas, only in central Africa and Madagascar, and a partial eclipse in all African countries, in Saudi Arabia, Yemen and in the Indian Ocean
March 2015 - Total Solar Eclipse + Supermoon
March 20, 2015 12:36 Moscow time - astronomical new moon; ;
On this new moon there will be a total solar eclipse, the maximum phase of the eclipse will occur on March 20, 2015 at 12:46:47 MSK, total eclipse of the sun can be observed in the Faroe Islands, Spitsbergen and the North Pole, partial eclipse in Russia- throughout the European part and Western Siberia; as well as in Greenland, Europe and Central Asia.
;
* Eclipses, eclipse = Z.
Z. - astronomical phenomena, which consist in the fact that the Sun, Moon, planet, satellite of a planet, or star ceases to be visible in whole or in part to an earthly observer. Shadows occur due to the fact that either one celestial body covers another, or the shadow of one non-self-luminous body falls on another similar body. Thus, the Earth of the Sun is observed when it is covered by the Moon; W. Moon - when the shadow of the Earth falls on it; Z. satellites of planets - when they fall into the shadow of a planet; Z. in systems of double stars - when one star covers the other. Zoning also includes the passage of a satellite's shadow across the planet's disk, the Moon's occultation of stars and planets (the so-called occultation (See Occultation)), the passage of the inner planets Mercury and Venus across the solar disk, and the passage of satellites across the planet's disk. With the beginning of manned flights spaceships It became possible to observe the Earth from the Sun from these ships (see illustration). Of greatest interest are the rays of the Sun and the Moon, associated with the movement of the Moon around the Earth.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd ed. 1969 - 1978
The period from 2018 to 2033 was chosen because... it is quite interesting in relation to solar eclipses visible from the territory of Russia and the CIS countries. During these years, 14 solar eclipses will be observed from the territory of our country, which include two total eclipses, two annular eclipses and 10 partial eclipses. Particularly interesting will be the annular solar eclipse on June 1, 2030, the band of the annular phase of which will pass through the entire country from west to east from Crimea to Primorye!
It is worth noting that, for example, in the period from 2034 to 2060 (twice as long), only two total and three annular solar eclipses will be observed in our country! The difference is obvious, so we can say that Russians and residents of the CIS are lucky with solar eclipses in the next fifteen years.
How do solar eclipses occur? The cause of solar eclipses is our celestial neighbor the Moon. The apparent diameters of the Sun and Moon as seen from Earth are approximately the same. This means that the Moon, moving in its orbit, at some point can completely (total eclipse) or partially (partial eclipse) cover the Sun (during the new moon phase).
A total solar eclipse is the most spectacular and spectacular astronomical phenomenon! If night falls in the middle of the day and stars become visible in the sky, this is quite impressive! Unfortunately, the visibility of such a phenomenon extends only to a small area where the lunar shadow falls. But as the lunar shadow moves, it forms a narrow strip on the Earth’s surface (on average about 200 kilometers wide). The length of such a strip is several thousand kilometers, but this is still not enough for a total eclipse of the Sun to be seen by all residents of the hemisphere of the Earth facing the daylight. Total solar eclipses can occur every six months, but due to the peculiarities of the Moon's movement in its orbit, they most often occur only once a year.
More information about the possibility of solar eclipses can be found, for example, in the book “Total Solar Eclipse of March 29, 2006 and Its Observation” (link at the end of the article).
Observe total solar eclipses from the same settlement possible on average only once every 300 years. This makes it necessary to travel into the visibility range of the eclipse. A total solar eclipse is accompanied by a partial solar eclipse, which is visible on both sides of the total eclipse band, where the lunar penumbra falls. The farther from the central line of the eclipse, the less the disk of the Sun will be covered by the Moon. But the width of the stripe of a partial solar eclipse is much greater than that of a total eclipse, so partial eclipses can be observed from the same observation point much more often. Thanks to the large territory of our country, we can observe solar eclipses more often than residents of countries with a small territory.
There are only partial eclipses, when the shadow of the Moon passes above or below the polar regions of the Earth, and only the lunar penumbra falls on our planet, showing the appearance of a damaged Sun. An annular eclipse is different in that the Moon completely sets on the disk of the Sun, but cannot completely cover it due to its smaller apparent diameter (when the Moon is near its apogee, i.e. the point of its orbit farthest from the Earth). As a result, the solar ring around the dark disk of the Moon is visible from Earth.
It should be noted that a total eclipse in the European part of Russia will only be observed in 2061. If you look at the map of the bands of total and annular eclipses over 20 years, you can see how rare total solar eclipses are, even for such a large country as ours.
The next total solar eclipses in 2019 and 2020 will be observed in Chile and Argentina. Therefore, those who want to see this wonderful phenomenon as soon as possible need to prepare for a transatlantic flight!
But let’s return to the eclipses of the period 2018 - 2033 described here, and consider them in more detail.
For convenience, which can be downloaded and printed.
Solar eclipses in Russia and the CIS in 2018 - 2033
(world time)
The 2018 solar eclipse will be a partial one. It will occur at the new moon on August 11, and the eclipse band will cover the northeastern part of our country with a maximum phase of 0.736 in Chukotka. Residents of North America, Scandinavia and China will also see private phases. The duration of the eclipse will be slightly less than 3.5 hours. Eclipse will happen in the constellation Leo.
Another solar eclipse of 2019 will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on December 26, and a strip of the annular phase will pass through the Indian and Pacific oceans, crossing Arabia, southern India and Indonesia from west to east. The maximum duration of the annular phase will reach 3 minutes 40 seconds at a phase of 0.97. Residents of the southern regions of our country, countries of Africa, Asia and Australia will see private phases. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Sagittarius.
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The 2020 solar eclipse will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on June 21, and the ring-shaped phase will pass through Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and the Asian continent. The duration of the ring-shaped phase at the maximum of the phenomenon will reach only 38 seconds with a phase of 0.994. In this case, the thinnest ring of this eclipse will be observed. In Russia and the CIS, the eclipse band will cover the entire southern half of the country. The maximum phase of about 0.7 can be observed in the Central Asian CIS countries. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.
The 2022 solar eclipse will be a partial one. It will occur at the new moon on October 25, and the eclipse will cover the western half of Russia. The maximum eclipse phase of 0.861 will be available for observation from the territory of our country in Siberia. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Virgo.
The 2026 solar eclipse will be total. It will occur at the new moon on August 12, and the band of total eclipse will pass through the waters of the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, Western Europe and Russia. The total eclipse will be observed in Taimyr (the duration of the total phase is 2 minutes), and the partial will cover Far North countries. The eclipse will occur in the constellation Leo.
The 2029 solar eclipse will be a partial eclipse. It will occur at the new moon on June 12, and the eclipse will pass through the Arctic Ocean, as well as across North America and the Far North of our country. The maximum eclipse phase of 0.458 will be available for observation from North America. In Russia, the smallest phases of the eclipse will be visible (about 0.2 or less). The eclipse will occur in the constellation Taurus.
The 2031 solar eclipse will be annular. It will occur at the new moon on May 21, and the annular eclipse with a maximum phase of 0.959 will pass through the Indian Ocean, as well as across Africa, India and Indonesia. On the territory of our country, the eclipse will be observed in its southern part with small phases (Central Asian CIS countries).
