Fresh air mixing with air conditioning
Since most apartments are now characterized by hermetic conditions (the main reason is metal-plastic and plastic windows) corresponds to the inflow fresh air. Therefore, natural ventilation of this is simply impossible, and the level of oxygen in the air decreases, along with the activity of the person who is there.
Forced ventilation can help solve this problem. There are many variations of installations for ventilation of rooms by this method. One of them is the supply air conditioner.
What is an air conditioner with forced ventilation
An air conditioner with forced ventilation is different from a conventional similar device. It supplies street, purified air flows into the room.
Air conditioner with mode supply ventilation can create a comfortable microclimate of the room, performing two functions simultaneously:
- regulation of temperature and humidity of air streams;
- saturation of the room space with fresh air masses.
With an objective assessment of the capabilities of air conditioners with the function of supply ventilation, then a more correct name for such units is air conditioners with an admixture supply air. All this is because the volume of air flow that is supplied from the outside is no more than forty percent.
Device and principle of operation
An air conditioner with an air supply can be of several varieties.
Among consumers, devices with a system of forced inflow of air masses are in demand, the location of the block of which is channel or wall. The difference between the design of such systems and standard ones is:
- air duct - it connects the indoor unit to the external one;
- purification of the supplied air mixtures.
Duct air conditioners for ventilation are equipped with heaters, which are designed to heat the flow of air masses, regardless of the season. They can be water or electric. Supply air conditioner equipment:
- Indoor (evaporative) block
It consists of a heat exchanger, fan, filter, electronic control unit.
If the air conditioner is wall-mounted, the indoor unit is mounted on the wall.
If the ventilation unit is a duct unit, the indoor unit is mounted in a box or above false ceiling. Installation, therefore, does not violate the design of the room, because all the equipment is hidden behind the ceiling, while the air supply is carried out through decorative grilles.
- Outdoor unit
It consists of a compressor, a condenser heat exchanger, an air cooling fan, a suction turbine, and a chamber for mixing air masses.
The outdoor unit is mounted outside. If such a unit is equipped with a centrifugal fan, it can be installed indoors.
Principle of operation:
- Fresh air flows to the conditioner through the external block by means of the soaking-up turbine.
- Through the air ducts, fresh air enters the mixing chamber of the indoor unit.
- With the help of the chamber, the process of mixing incoming fresh air flows and outflows of air masses of the room is carried out.
- The already mixed air is then cleaned.
- Before air flows are supplied to the room, they are additionally processed (heating, cooling, humidification, etc.) according to the parameters set by the user, which can be maintained automatically.
Kinds
How to distinguish classic split-air ventilation systems for an apartment from a supply air conditioner? Their difference is only in the arrangement of the duct channel, which combines the internal and external system blocks. It could be:
Membrane
In air conditioners with forced ventilation, the operation of the air duct channel is regulated by a special membrane. It has high throughput.
Molecule penetration rate various gases two times less than the rate of penetration of oxygen molecules. This capacity helps maintain natural oxygen levels.
Due to the high pricing policy of the device itself, its installation, such units are not in great demand among consumers.
Modular system
She complements installed system conditioning. The recuperator is taken as a basis, which is equipped with an air duct, a separate external unit. This unit is mounted next to the already installed outdoor unit.
The outdoor unit of the modular system is equipped with small air tubes through which air flows and exchanges heat.
- Massive wall box.
- Air exchange is approximately 20m3/hour. Such volumes are not enough for a full-fledged human life. Therefore, such air circulation cannot be considered complete.
With the advent of forced ventilation modular systems have become irrelevant. They are being discontinued.
Application area
Often, the supply air conditioning system is installed in apartments where there is an increased level of tightness. Also used for rooms to which special requirements for circulation and air quality are put forward.
System Benefits
- This system is able to function even during low air temperatures. This makes it possible to operate the supply air conditioners all year round.
- Purified air supply. Such an air conditioning system is equipped with a highly efficient air filter, due to which fresh air masses, purified from gases and odors, are supplied into the room.
- Microprocessor control. Contributes to the automatic maintenance of user-specified air flow characteristics by the system.
System Disadvantages
- The additional fan creates noise, the level of which is on the brink of the allowed sanitary standards.
- These air conditioning systems cannot fully replace the ventilation system.
- Equipment price. The cost of such a unit is 15-20% more expensive than the price of climate control equipment, which is in no way inferior in power, but on inverter control.
If the room is air conditioned, keep the doors and windows closed. Otherwise, the load on the equipment increases, and its efficiency drops. The amount of oxygen in the room is rapidly decreasing, people begin to feel unwell: it hurts their eyes, their head hurts. Therefore, periodic ventilation is necessary. Air conditioners with an influx of fresh air relieve the owners of worries about ventilation.
Air intake from the street
The air intake from the street by the air conditioner is carried out simultaneously with cooling (heating). Therefore, fresh air is delivered already at the required temperature. Some models are equipped with the mixing function window air conditioners or split systems for an apartment. On average, a window monoblock mixes about 6 cubic meters of air per minute.
Wall-mounted air conditioners with air intake are equipped with the following components:
- air valve and filter;
- blower fan with speed control;
- outdoor grille;
- heating element (for heating the air in the cold season);
- thermally insulated duct.
To ensure air intake from the street with air conditioning, installers conduct an additional duct route. Therefore, the installation of such equipment is somewhat different from the usual one. Air-mixed wall mounts are still a novelty. They began to produce them several years ago and only the largest manufacturers. The mixing function significantly increases the cost of the equipment. Some models are equipped with the function of humidifying the supply air, others automatically detect a dangerous level of carbon dioxide and start mixing.
Duct systems with air intake
All ducted air conditioners are equipped with this option. Filtered and brought to comfortable temperature outside air distributed through the air duct system to the premises.
Such air conditioners are mounted hidden - air ducts and units are hidden under a false ceiling. Therefore, they do not affect the design of the premises in any way.
The average model of the air conditioner with air intake provides an inflow of 9 cubic meters per minute.
Cassette air conditioners with air intake
Among cassette split systems there are models with air admixture. The most powerful of them provide circulation up to 30 cubic meters per minute. These air conditioners serve up to 100 square meters. Cassette splits in design are almost no different from wall mounts. But the format of the indoor unit is designed for installation in a false ceiling.
in warm and comfortable houses often have problems with natural ventilation, and as a result, the oxygen content drops sharply. This affects the health and activity of homeowners and employees of enterprises.
To solve the problem, forced ventilation is used. A modern air conditioner with an influx of fresh air is an example of efficient and affordable climate equipment.
A common mistake among users is that they consider any air conditioning system to be ventilated. In fact, only certain types of equipment can work with outdoor air masses in the active air exchange mode. To make it clearer, first consider the device of a conventional split system.
Air conditioners household purpose, which are commonly called split systems, are a set of two separate modules that have a different structure from each other and are located in different places. The first module is an evaporative unit, which is installed on the floor, hung on the wall or partially masked with a ceiling cladding. The second module is a remote compressor and condenser device, usually mounted on the facade of a building.
Schematic representation of the device with the indoor module mounted on the wall. The two modules are connected to each other by thin copper tubes through which freon moves. Tubes are hidden in strobes for decorative trim or in plastic boxes (+)
The principle of operation of the air conditioner is simple. Through the intake grilles, room air enters the unit, where it is cooled, and then removed through the air ducts to the outside. The change in air temperature is based not on the production of cold, but on the transfer of thermal energy.
The carrier is freon, which enters the remote module in a gaseous state, and returns in a liquid state. To go into the gaseous phase, freon takes some of the heat from the exhaust air in the evaporator.
In fact, there is no replacement of air masses, and cooling (as well as heating and filtration) is carried out by recirculation. Supply equipment is arranged differently. An example of a split system with fresh air supply is a duct type device.
The design diagram of a duct air conditioner, which performs the functions of ventilation and temperature control inside the room. Required element designs - a heater built into the pipe (+)
Of course, ordinary split systems are easy to install, have many additional functions, have a beautiful modern design, but they, unlike the supply ones, do not freshen the air in the room - and this is their main disadvantage.
What is the feature of multi-split systems
Speaking about air conditioners in a general sense, it is necessary to mention multi-split systems, which are also used to equip multi-room apartments, private houses, office and industrial buildings.
They differ from ordinary ones in that they have only one remote block, while there can be several internal ones. The minimum number is two modules, the maximum is limited to four. If use more indoor units, the system will lose its performance and will not operate at full capacity.
The number of pipelines increases, respectively, the cost of equipment increases and the installation of some parts of the structure becomes more complicated. It is important to create conditions for laying all connecting elements (+)
The multi-split system is not always used, but only in some cases when the installation a large number outdoor units is not possible for a number of reasons:
- the building is a historical or architectural monument;
- there is a ban on the installation of remote units on the facade;
- for hanging equipment, the architecture of the building provides for certain places limited in area.
Sometimes mounting a large number of remote modules is abandoned for aesthetic reasons: the beautiful facade of the building, hung with bulky cases, looks unpresentable.
In the rules of improvement big cities Amendments are periodically made to prohibit the placement of air conditioners on facades overlooking the central streets. Exit - installation of the block on the courtyard wall of the building
The advantage of a multisystem is the installation of one remote module, the disadvantages are complex work installation of pipelines, reduced productivity and reliability. In addition, all indoor modules must operate in identical modes: either heating or cooling.
Supply duct models
The function of replacing exhaust air masses with air from the street is fully implemented only in ducted air conditioners, so we will analyze their performance features in more detail. Properly designed and installed channel split system copes with the tasks of ventilation, and with the control of the microclimate in the premises.
Distinctive features of the air conditioner with inflow
Recirculation models of duct air conditioners (CC) are similar to conventional split systems in terms of operation, but they differ in design and installation location. Indoor modules are built into suspended ceiling structures, and air circulates through the channels connecting them to the outdoor unit.
Image Gallery
It looks like a simple recirculation model that is not able to supply fresh air. In order for the system to perform the supply function, a built-in heater is required. This is regulated by the rules of SNiP, according to which the lower threshold for the temperature of air masses coming from the street should be +14 ° С.
If the outside air temperature is above -15 °C, the heat pump handles the heating function. However, at lower temperatures, air conditioner models with water or electric heaters. Heating equipment can be either additionally installed or built-in.
The heating system is equipped with an automatic unit, thanks to which the supply of fresh air is regulated in various modes, depending on the season. The control of the automatic block is carried out using the remote control
Programmable supply systems more expensive than conventional room modifications with wall mounting, but they are much more efficient and functional than them precisely due to the combination of ventilation and air conditioning. The amount of oxygen in the air is sanitary requirements, the temperature is easily adjustable, and appearance does not create discomfort, since all the working parts of the system are in the invisible zone, above the ceiling.
The principle of operation of the supply system
To transport air from the street to the premises, air ducts are provided, which are not found in conventional split systems. First the air from the street through outdoor unit moves into the insulated channel, then into the mixing chamber. There, the incoming air is combined with the exhaust air, refreshing it.
Then the air mixture passes through the filters and, according to the selected mode, is processed. Dehumidification, heating or cooling of air masses occurs. After that, the purified, filtered, partially refreshed air of a given temperature enters the premises.
Channel modifications with admixture are used in large rooms, which are separated from each other by non-capital partitions. These are apartments with ceilings from 3 m, clinics, catering establishments, sports and educational institutions, offices, etc.
As a rule, the temperature maintained depends entirely on the season. In summer, supply duct air conditioners work for cooling, in winter - for heating. In the cool season, the functioning of the heat pump is sufficient, the heater can not be used during this period.
Types of equipment with admixture
As you already understood, only duct equipment with air ducts and heating can fully cope with the replacement of air with fresh air. However, some other types of models can also provide ventilation, but within 10% of their performance. The share of fresh air is often referred to as "admixture", the main part of the air masses is occupied by the "working out" processed in the indoor unit.
Traditional wall models
Models, the indoor unit of which is mounted on the wall, are the most popular for the improvement of residential premises. There are models that provide a comfortable microclimate on an area of 10 m², but there is also more powerful equipment designed for halls up to 100 m². Not so long ago, inverter models equipped with a supply and exhaust fan appeared.
Regardless of whether the air conditioner is operating in heating or cooling mode, it can operate in parallel supply and exhaust system. An example of a wall-mounted outdoor unit is the Air Exchanger series. famous brand HITACHI.
Before entering the room, the air mixture is cleaned by a filter system from exhaust gases, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, etc., while odors are destroyed
The wall-mounted evaporative unit is installed anywhere in the room, but the area near the window is preferable. The shorter the line between the indoor and outdoor units, the higher the productivity of the equipment. wall models are pleasantly designed and big set additional options.
Cassette air conditioning systems
Often in public buildings you can find air conditioners with internal cassette-type modules. Such systems are suitable for servicing large areas– from 40 m² to 150 m². They have high performance and compare favorably with minimal noise.
The working part of the models is placed above the suspended ceiling structure, only the decorative grille is visible standard size 60x60 cm. The movable parts of the grille are controlled from the remote control or from the adjustment panel installed on the wall
The performance of cassette air conditioners is from 3 kW to 15 kW, the main functions are lowering the temperature in the hall or working in the heat pump mode. A common design is in which air is taken from the hall through a central hole, and the supply is carried out along four guides in different directions. If one cassette is used, then it is mounted in suspended structure in the center of the room.
On the market you can find both traditional modifications and cassette systems with admixture. For example, Airwell CK air conditioners are designed for installation of multi-split systems and, thanks to the built-in heater and air ducts, carry out a metered supply of fresh air. Advantages - Beautiful design and high performance, the disadvantage is installation only in a suspended structure.
Floor and ceiling devices
In some rooms there are no conditions for mounting cassette models, and the performance of wall-mounted air conditioners is not enough. In this case, universal floor-to-ceiling devices are used, which have fasteners for installation on the floor and for hanging from the ceiling.
The Japanese company Daikin specializes in the production of floor and ceiling devices with a mixture of 10% fresh air. New supply models save up to 30% of electricity and have high cost- from 60 thousand rubles. and higher
Air conditioning is carried out thanks to a jet of purified air, which is directed along the ceiling or wall - depending on the installation location. The highest power of devices is 15 kW, but for relatively small rooms (40 m²), equipment with parameters of 5-6 kW is sufficient.
Column models of split systems
As the name suggests, air conditioners are shaped like columns leaning towards the ceiling. They surpass other types in terms of power (17 kW on average) and can serve rooms up to 180 m².
The principle of operation of models column type the same as the previous air conditioners, but they differ in the supply of purified air. The jet is not directed along the walls and not in the center of the room, but towards the ceiling. There, the cooled air diverges in different directions and descends, displacing the already heated air.
An example of a column device with an inflow mode is General Climate GC. The air exchange is more than 1900 m³/h, and the heating power is 22 kW. Cost - 109 thousand rubles.
Recirculating models with partial admixture clean air have high performance, but their noise level is higher than that of steel types– up to 50 dB.
Benefits of multi-zone air conditioning
Multi-zone room service is a more advanced version of multi-split systems, which creates a certain microclimate over a large area. The fundamental difference from standard split systems is the increased length of highways connecting modules located in different places.
Advantages of the multizone system:
- up to 20 indoor units can be connected to 1 remote unit;
- distance from the internal module to the external one - up to 150 m (in some cases - more);
- height difference between modules - 50 m.
Thanks to the listed parameters, the remote outdoor module is installed in the most convenient remote places - in the attic, roof, in the yard behind the fence, etc.
Scheme possible installation outdoor unit. If for some reason it is impossible to carry out installation on the roof, the module is installed directly in the courtyard of the house, ensuring safety
The multi-zone system is more economical, since the inverter control allows you to change the capacity of the system depending on the number of functioning indoor units. In this case, you can use modules that are completely different in type and performance. Adjustment and control over the operation of all equipment can be done in the system mode, from one remote control.
Before purchasing a split system for home use or for office applications, you must first decide whether ventilation is needed. Perhaps the room is equipped efficient system ventilation and does not need additional devices of this type.
If the air exchange is weak, pay attention to the models of supply air conditioners.
For rooms with high ceilings, any built-in models are suitable - channel, cassette. But do not forget that in order to mask the working elements, you will have to build a suspended structure.
If the ceilings are low (for example, 2.5 m), the idea of \u200b\u200bceiling models will not work. Perhaps, according to the technical characteristics, it is possible to choose a device with a wall-mounted module, which simultaneously carries out air intake from the street. For large rooms, a more productive model will be required, for example, with a floor-to-ceiling installation.
Hotel halls, foyers and vestibules are large. In addition to channel systems, column models are installed in them, which differ in performance and high speed air exchange.
Regardless of the type of device, it is necessary to analyze it specifications and operational qualities: to clarify what area the model is designed for, what is its power, whether it is possible to connect additional modules. The latest programmable air conditioners with big list additional options are much more expensive, but some functions are really important.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
To better understand the device and the principle of operation supply split systems, we suggest you watch the videos of an overview nature.
Video review of Haier ducted air conditioners:
About the advantages of channel type models:
More about multizone systems:
To enrich the air in the room with oxygen, it is not necessary to keep a window open or install additional ventilation. Sometimes it is enough to correctly choose an air conditioner model, which, if necessary, will not only cool / heat the room, but also carry out air exchange.
Among all types climatic installations Of particular interest is the channel air conditioning system, which provides the supply of treated air through a network of air ducts in several neighboring rooms without cluttering up the interior with unnecessary modules of equipment.
The device and principle of operation of the channel system
Like any split system, the channel one consists of two modules: compressor-condenser (outdoor) and evaporative (internal), which communicate with each other copper pipeline with freon and electric wires. The external module is installed outside the building, and the installation of the indoor module involves several placement options:
- in false ceiling;
- in a false wall;
- in the pantry, in the attic, in the back room.
Concealed installation of the evaporator unit makes the use of this type of air conditioner very practical solution for original designs.
In how it is arranged and works duct air conditioner, there are certain features. Such devices are supplied without a ready-made air distribution system. It is provided during the creation of the project.
Design work and subsequent or semi-industrial premises are carried out at the stages of construction or overhaul this object.
Iron or flexible air ducts are connected to the adapters (special holes) of the indoor module, which lead to the adapters with gratings facing the surface of the ceiling or wall. Air circulates through them. The air ducts themselves are sound and heat insulated to eliminate unnecessary noise and condensation on the structure.
The air intake goes through the exhaust adapter through the air ducts and enters the indoor unit. There it passes through a strainer, an evaporator and cooled out into the air ducts connected to the supply adapter.
One of the features of how a ducted air conditioner works is the air temperature at the outlet of the indoor unit. She's cold enough. In order to minimize the temperature difference between room and cooled air, it is necessary to choose the right supply grilles. The best option will become slotted, since it is this type that is able to give out cold streams in thin jets and mix them with the warm air in the room as quickly as possible.
Air handling unit and fresh air intake
If there is a need for air flow from the street, then channel system air conditioning, there is the possibility of taking air masses from the outside. To organize such a process, you will need, to which another duct is connected and cut into the supply adapter. In order for outdoor air to enter several local points of the room, usually the ventilation pipe (air duct) coming from the supply unit is divided through a distributing tee into the required number of branches.
The supply unit is a standard module with holes on the sides. It consists of:
- fan;
- heating element;
- electronics block;
- pocket filter;
- dampers.
In summer, the heating element does not work, and in autumn and winter it heats up the incoming air to required temperature. Dampers are needed to block the outlet of the unit, through which, in standby mode, cold streams can enter the air ducts, and then into the room. A pocket (bag) filter is a one-stage filtration system used in supply ventilation systems. It is not subject to regeneration, so most often it is changed to a new one.
At air handling unit and a ducted air conditioner with a mixture of fresh air, two different remote controls. The operation of the supply module is regulated separately.
But it should be borne in mind that in ducted air conditioners, the influx of fresh air is only 30% of the total air flows circulating through the system. None of the ducted air conditioners can mix outdoor air in 100% volume.
Winter work
The duct air conditioner has the possibility of year-round operation. IN this case the outdoor module is mounted in a room where the minimum temperature values are -3-5°C, and there is a space for the removal of warm air. If it is not possible to install an outdoor unit in the room, then it is simply equipped with a “Winter Start” device, which consists of three separate devices: compressor oil heating, fan speed control and drainage heating. But the cost of electricity will increase significantly.
At correct selection the power of the air conditioner and the correct laying of the network of ventilation pipes, the period of trouble-free operation reaches 10-15 years.
Types of channel air conditioners
All manufacturers produce models that operate either only in the cold or in the cold / heat. Duct air conditioners with fresh air admixture can be with inverter and non-inverter type of compressor control. These split systems differ not only in cooling capacity, but also in blowing power, that is, the pressure of the outgoing stream. There are low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure ducted air conditioners. The selection of the length and configuration of the air ducts depends on the force of pressure (static pressure) that the fan creates.
Low pressure air conditioners
This air conditioner has a maximum static pressure of 45 Pa. It can process the air in one room, and the length of the ventilation duct is no more than a meter. Install low-pressure models in hotel rooms, small offices and apartments.
Medium pressure air conditioners
For medium-pressure systems, the pressure force can reach up to 100 Pa, and the total length of the air ducts is measured in tens of meters. They are considered the most in demand, as they best meet the needs of apartments with several rooms, small cottages, cafes, medium-sized offices and shops.
High pressure air conditioners
The pressure force of such models is up to 250 Pa. The length of air ducts can exceed a hundred meters, and their configuration can be complex and branched as much as possible. They install high-pressure ducted air conditioners in large offices, conference rooms, large restaurants and residential buildings with many rooms.
To remove the condensate accumulated during the operation of the device, the duct air conditioner with high strength head is usually equipped with an additional discharge pump. These devices have the highest performance in comparison with low- and medium-pressure devices. All of these characteristics help to distribute air even to remote rooms without any loss and in full.
Duct air conditioners with fresh air admixture are devices with a high pressure force.
What you need to know when buying
There are practically no shortcomings in the quality of the functioning of this climatic equipment, with the exception of the following nuances.
The height of the ceiling in the room must be at least 3 meters, otherwise the strong air currents coming out of the adapter with the grill will not have time to be distributed throughout the space, which will cause colds.
The duct air conditioner with all additional structures is mounted in the space between the ceiling and the false mezzanine. Its height must be at least 25 cm.
IN different rooms only the same parameters can be supported. This is not very convenient if one of the zones is on sunny side, where a lower temperature is required, and the other - in the north, where average indicators are sufficient.
Installation of a channel air conditioner
If you do not want to spoil the facade of the building with many external blocks, and clutter up the rooms with internal modules, the right solution would be to install a duct air conditioner, both in an apartment and in a private house.
In theory, everything is simple - compliance with the stages of work should ensure the normal functioning of the device in the future. But there are some difficulties in which the installation of a duct air conditioner with your own hands becomes simply impossible, namely:
- laying a network of air ducts with the calculation of their cross section and high-quality sound and heat insulation;
- calculation of power, static pressure, air capacity;
- providing access to the indoor unit for subsequent preventive maintenance;
- cutting off some rooms (toilet, kitchen) from the air intake system;
- installation of a supply unit, if a high-pressure duct air conditioner with fresh air supply is required.
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They are convenient and easy-to-use devices necessary to maintain desired temperature in room. The main advantages of such equipment:
- compactness and small size;
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Types and types of household air conditioners
Similar climatic devices are installed in Not large apartments, country houses and small offices. Monoblock models and split systems are divided by the number of blocks. If to outdoor unit several connected internal devices, then this is a multi split system.
- Split systems are air conditioners consisting of two blocks - external and internal blocks. Internal, as a rule, wall-mounted, mounted indoors. External put outside. A connecting route of freon pipes and electrical connections is laid between the blocks. Household split systems are widely used in apartments, offices, cottages, small houses.
- Multi split systems are household air conditioners that consist of several indoor units and one outdoor unit. Internal are installed in different rooms so that you can set your own temperature and other climate control parameters for each of them. Multi split systems are installed in large apartments or private houses and offices. One outdoor unit is installed outdoors.
How to choose the best home air conditioner?
Before buying climate equipment, it is important to pay attention to the size of the room, the place where the indoor unit will be located, and what additional functions are needed.
