Wooden chip grinder. How to make a chipper for branches and wood. Disposal of wood waste mechanically
On the Stankoff.RU website you can buy equipment for processing waste wood from leading manufacturers. Available and under the order more than 46 models of crushing equipment at the best prices. Only profitable offers with detailed descriptions and photos. Check prices with managers.
Purpose and advantages of wood chipping equipment
The problem with the disposal of substandard material exists at all logging and wood processing enterprises. Wood chipping equipment allows you to solve the issue of freeing the territory from industrial waste and increase profitability by obtaining additional profit from the sale of recycled products.
When working with any type of wood, waste is generated in the form of branches, slats, slabs and scraps of various shapes obtained in the manufacture of lumber. Waste disposal is a costly and time-consuming procedure, the alternative to which is the practical use of crushing equipment. Machines grind substandard into chips or sawdust of the required fraction, providing raw materials for sale or own production:
- chipboard, plywood, fiberboard, wood concrete;
- fuel briquettes and pellets;
- pulp, paper and cardboard products.
Fine chips and sawdust in agriculture are used as bedding for livestock, for plant protection and soil fertilization. Chopped wood has a good filtration capacity and provides high-quality biochemical water purification from insoluble compounds. Larger wastes are required for the operation of boiler houses, pyrolysis furnaces and gas generators.
Principle of operation and classification of devices
Depending on the technological features, wood processing equipment performs material crushing with disc-shaped knives, a drum organ, a hammer device or a chip making mechanism. The torches are driven by an engine that runs on electricity or liquid fuel. To collect wood chips or sawdust, a special tank is provided in the design. The division into professional and semi-professional devices takes place on the basis of technical characteristics that determine the capabilities of the machine in processing material of different sizes.
Installations are classified:
- by type of working body;
- method of loading raw materials;
- geometric parameters of the processed material;
- power level and maintenance complexity.
For the disposal of waste with medium-sized parts, drum devices are usually used, and the processing of large wood residues is carried out on machines with a disk organ. Hammer mill and chipper are well suited for producing material of a certain shape, which in the first case has a rectangular outline, and in the second case it is needle chips. The advantages of shredders include the ability to process waste with the presence of metal inclusions into a homogeneous mass.
Very often, gardeners and public utilities face the issue of disposing of household waste in the form of various shrubs, twigs and tree trunks. If large wood waste can be sawn and used in wood-burning stoves, then other tree remains are simply thrown away or burned. With the tightening of environmental requirements, this type of disposal began to give rise to a lot of questions from the relevant government services, which began to impose penalties on the perpetrators. The appearance on the market of mechanisms, shredders of branches, made it possible to solve all these issues.
Disposal of wood waste mechanically
The process is the passage of cut tree trunks and branches through the nozzle of a branch chopper equipped with a disc or a rotor with knives. As a result, wood pulp (mulch) is obtained.
The advantages of this type of wood waste treatment:
- Legality of this disposal method. Disposal of this type of waste in garbage containers not approved by the utilities, and dumping in the wrong place can result in a fine. Waste burning is also prohibited.
- Obtaining excellent fertilizer. For an individual gardener, it is an unacceptable generosity to take out biological waste from a garden plot. Thereby depleting their land.
The use of artificial fertilizers is not as effective as natural ingredients. Using a chipper to grind wood waste, it is possible to obtain excellent component of compost fertilizer. Shredded sawdust sprinkled beds and garden paths.
The business has also learned to profit from the grinding of waste in the form of shrubs, twigs and other plant components, obtaining various compositions of organic fertilizers.
The disadvantages include the price for a crushing machine for grinding waste from processing trees. Although it is worth noting that due to savings on fertilizer, it is possible to recoup the cost of a wood chipper, not to mention business projects for the sale of fertilizer additives.
Types of crushers for crushing branches and branches
There are two main most commonly used wood shredder mechanisms:
- autonomous (gasoline or diesel);
- electric.
Autonomy of production should be attributed to the advantages of a chopper on combustible fuel. When fuel is available it will work at any distance from power sources, which is of great importance for working in large areas and at a distance from electrified settlements.
Petrol wood shredders are more powerful and allow you to process a volume of about 70 mm.
The disadvantage is the noise and the exhaust of toxic substances. Although modern technology reduces these problems to a minimum. Also worth noting is more complex maintenance.
Grinding on an electric machine allows you to work with much less noise than on petrol. There are no harmful emissions. In addition, it is much lighter in weight.
The price of electric chopper models is lower than gasoline ones, as is power. But tree trunks of about 40 mm are quite tough for an electric crusher.
The main disadvantage is the attachment to the power source. Power failures and lack of voltage make it useless to use an electric grinder model.
Types of knives used in wood shredders
For shredder motors cutting mechanisms are of great importance devices. There are three types of knives:
Power of crushing mechanisms for crushing branches
Unit power - an important component in processing branches. In addition to the thickness of the chopped branches, the volume of processing and the duration of the uninterrupted operation of the chopper depend on this.
Not all consumers need powerful mechanisms of branch shredders, so the manufacturer allocates devices for various purpose groups:
- non-professional (amateur;
- semi-professional;
- professional.
Non-professional wood chipper models do not have much power(around 1.6 kW). Able to grind branches up to 30 mm. They run on electric motors. They may well serve the garden plot with new plantings.
Models of the second level have a power of 2.6 kW. They can be petrol or electric. Cope with branches up to 40 mm.
Professional crushers are characterized by increased power up to 8 kW. Equipment weight up to 100 kg. They work on petrol engines. Allow to grind branches up to 75 mm.
What to look for when choosing a wood shredder?
For the amateur gardener, there is no need to purchase a professional shredder. With a constant power supply enough to buy a simple model branch shredder.
If there are old plantings of shrubs that are planned to be cut down, it is advisable to purchase more powerful models of crushers.
For utilities and entrepreneurs, professional shredder models are suitable.
In addition to power and power sources, you should pay attention to the design of the chopper knives. Since various devices of cutting planes make it possible to obtain shredded wood waste of various sizes, such as small sawdust and small chips.
Additional features of crushers
Household models of branch shredders, in addition to crushing branches, small tree trunks, can grind other organic waste: grass, wood chips, various plants. This is especially true after the end of the harvest of horticultural crops: tomatoes, cucumbers, etc. Processed and used seedlings are excellent components for compost and caring for garden beds.
What to pay attention to when working on wood shredders?
All mechanisms of this type require special care and proper use in accordance with the documentation. The main thing that must be paid special attention so as not to spoil the mechanism:
- the objects to be disposed of must be no more than the processed volume provided for by the chopper instructions;
- prevent stones, plastic, fabric, glass, etc. from entering the receiving funnel;
- do not process shrubs, roots with soil on the root system;
- For the least wear on the chipper, it is preferable to process fresh wood waste.
Safety requirements when working on a shredder
All work on crushing branches and branches must be done in goggles or a mask. Depending on the power of the wood chipper, chips can fly, so it is advisable to cover your face and head completely.
Gloves on the hands should be tight-fitting and not slip off the hands. It is necessary to dress in such a way that parts of clothing cannot get into the mechanism of the chipper. Do not straighten stuck objects while the engine is running.
The wood shredder is an essential household tool. The price of simple models allows almost everyone to purchase it. Currently, it is being widely introduced into all personal households. And only the lack of information about its benefits does not allow its use everywhere.
It is possible to predict that in the near future, the chopper will become an indispensable item of garden tools any farm.
Today, there are many devices that greatly facilitate the daily care of the garden and home. It will not be superfluous to make such a device with your own hands, almost everyone can. With the help of such a unit, solid objects can be crushed.
Of course, a used wood chipper is suitable for someone. Renting such a unit, however, will cost no less than creating a device with your own hands. Very often, a crusher is used to grind plastic, household waste, wood and stones, as well as to crush metal objects.
What are crushers
Conventionally, crushers are divided into groups according to the type of use. They can be for grinding:
- plastics;
- household waste;
- tree;
- metal;
- stone.
In addition, crushers are classified by size. The unit can be small - 0.02 m, medium - 0.1 m and large crushing - 0.3 m.
Based on the features, the devices are:
How a homemade unit works
Recently, the second-hand wood chipper "Avito" has been in demand. However, this is not a universal unit. If desired, you can make a homemade device. To assemble it, it is worth understanding the principle of operation of such a device.
A homemade crusher works like a conventional meat grinder. The principle is quite simple. First, the material passes through the drum - the receiving bowl, and then enters the crushing system, where it is crushed very quickly. The section that grinds the garbage consists of several cutters and a cutter. At the same time, the performance of the unit directly depends on the power. However, this figure should not be more than 2.6 kW. It is this power that a wood chipper has (used or new - it doesn’t matter).
What do you need to work
To create a wood chipper, you will need the following materials:
DIY wood chipper
Making blueprints is the first thing to do. Otherwise, you can get confused and incorrectly assemble the unit. Only after that you can begin to collect the entire structure.
All saws should be installed on an already prepared axle. Their dimensions must correspond to the dimensions of the cutters. After installation, the discs must be fixed with nuts and washers. In this case, some features of the structure should be taken into account. There should be thin washers between the saws. They will not allow the discs to touch each other with a tip. In this case, the number of washers should be 1 less than the number of saws.
When the axles are fixed and the disks are separated, the pulley should be installed. If such a part is not at hand, then it can be taken from the generator of a domestic-made car. In order for the pin to rotate normally, it is worth using several bearings, the diameter of which is 2 cm.
Frame manufacturing
The wood chipper is almost ready. You can also make a frame for the unit with your own hands. This will require pipes. They should be prepared in advance. To make a frame, professional pipes must be welded together. Now we need to strengthen the structure. To do this, it is worth mounting several profiles inside the frame. This will strengthen the fastening of the grinding block and the hopper.
A sheet of metal should be welded to the finished frame, and then holes should be made in it for attaching the drum and motor. To make the crusher more stable, it is worth attaching 4 legs.
Now you need to install a disk that provides belt tension. It should be positioned so that the discs move freely. This placement will allow you to freely adjust the belt.
So, how to create a wood chipper with your own hands. Making the body and connecting the saws is half the battle. Now you need to put a casing on the disk system. Above the cutting block is to fix the bunker. That's all. The unit is ready.
What to Consider
Now you know how to make a wood chipper with your own hands. Making a unit is actually not so simple as it might seem at first glance. There are several nuances to consider:
In conclusion
This is what a wood chipper looks like. How to make such a unit? It is not difficult if you know how to draw drawings correctly and work with tools. Of course, in the absence of experience, some difficulties may arise. It is worth noting that the crusher, created according to the instructions described above, is ideal for crushing not only fallen leaves and small debris, but also for household waste and wood.
This design is considered more durable and reliable thanks to the saws installed horizontally. As for the factory models, here the grinding system is fixed vertically. With this arrangement of saws, it is necessary to constantly monitor the moisture content of debris and stems. Otherwise, the unit will quickly break down. In addition, in the manufacture of a wood chipper, you can independently choose an engine with the required power rating and the required number of saws.
Consumption ecology. Farmstead: After sawing fruit trees or construction, there are a lot of unnecessary branches, boards and lumber. Especially for such cases, a wood chipper was invented. A new device is quite expensive, but, fortunately, making a wood chipper with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.
Every owner of his own plot, whether it is a country house or a small cottage with a garden, knows that it is sometimes very difficult to maintain order on it. The problem of waste disposal in the private sector is particularly acute, and if organics can be stored in a compost pit, and plastic and bottles can be taken to a landfill, then what about the abundance of wood litter? After sawing fruit trees or construction, a lot of unnecessary branches, boards and lumber remain. It makes no sense to leave them for firewood, but burning them is very long and troublesome. Especially for such cases, a wood chipper was invented. A new device is quite expensive, but, fortunately, making a wood chipper with your own hands is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.
Purpose and principle of operation
A wood chipper will become an indispensable tool for any summer resident. With it, you no longer need to make fires to burn the sawn off tree branches or think about where to put the waste after harvesting - stems, tops, roots, etc. The machine will process any organic solid waste into chips and shavings, which will subsequently serve as an excellent material for high-quality compost or fuel for solid fuel boilers. So, in one fell swoop, you solve several problems: garbage disposal, saving space and time, get an endless source of material for fertilizers and a supply of fuel for the winter.
Like it or not, a wood chipper is very useful on the farm, but factory mechanisms are prohibitively expensive, so we suggest saving money and making it yourself. The most encouraging thing is that there is no need to "reinvent the wheel" - you just need to correctly repeat the design of the factory device using available parts.
But before starting work, it is necessary to thoroughly study and understand the principle of operation of the machine. Otherwise, you will not be able to make the right drawing and make it a reality. The chopper device is outrageously simple - it is an engine, a shaft with cutting elements, a frame, a protective shell and a receiving compartment through which the material enters. Since such a unit will turn out to be quite heavy, it is better to install it on a two-wheeled base in order to easily move around the site.
The principle of operation of the device is as follows: the motor rotates and moves the shaft through a chain or belt. When you push branches or stems of plants into the receiving box, the cutting elements cut them into small pieces that come out the other side of the device. Very similar to an ordinary kitchen meat grinder.
Chopper device
Before choosing a scheme and purchasing the components of a future chopper, you need to decide on its purpose, that is, what exactly (or most often) it will chop - thick branches of fruit trees, small boards or plant residues after harvesting. The power of the device, the type of its operation and, accordingly, the cost of the necessary parts depend on this.
chopper motor
For garden shredders, you can use gasoline or electric motors. Each of them has its own characteristics of use. For example, with a gasoline engine, large thick branches can be processed, and it is also valued for its mobility. A device with an electric motor, on the contrary, must always be close to the power source, but it takes up much less space than a gasoline one. It is light and easy to use, but will not cope with overly large objects due to low power.
What to look for when choosing a garden shredder motor:
- power up to 1.5 kW is enough to grind branches up to 2 cm thick;
- more powerful engines of 3-4 kW are able to process branches with a diameter of about 4 cm and are suitable for gardeners;
- an engine of 6 kW or more will cope with thick branches of 10-15 cm, and it is recommended to choose them for owners of large farms and farms.
Since a homemade chopper in most cases is designed for various jobs, it is better to choose the “golden mean” for it - a 4 kW electric motor or a 5-6 horsepower gasoline equivalent.
Chopper knives
The second important part of the chopper is the cutting elements or knives. The type and principle of operation of the mechanism, as well as the size of the processed material, depend on their design. So, a simple disk with knives will grind only fragile branches into dust, combined designs can process thick branches and produce the same small chips, there are those that grind wood into chips 2-10 cm long. If you plan to use recycled material for solid fuel boilers, it is better to choose the latter option.
Since our goal is to copy one of the factory models of the chopper, consider the knives used to produce them:
Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to make the described models of knives on your own, therefore, for home-made devices, their own cutting elements were invented: a knife-disk design, a set of circular saws and a two-shaft system with 8 knives.
Chopper Blueprint
To make a wood chipper, it is not enough just to buy the necessary spare parts, you must have professional locksmith skills. The whole process takes place in three stages - the creation of a drawing, the preparation of materials and the assembly of the apparatus.
Since we are not going to come up with anything new, you can take any suitable chopper model as the basis for the drawing, and add the rest at your discretion. To create a drawing, you can use a special computer program AutoCAD.
We have described the main components of the mechanism above, but this is only a general view. The most important thing to pay attention to when creating a drawing is the location of the knives and the angle of their cut. Let us consider the development of a chopper design with a two-shaft cutting element.
So, the shafts will be between the plates, and each shaft will contain 3-4 knives. To fasten the cutting elements, it is better to use bolts, shifting them relative to the central part of the shaft. The shaft rotates freely thanks to 4 bearings, which are fixed on the plates. The synchronism of the movement of the shafts is provided by 2 gears that drive the motor. To transmit torque, use a belt or chain of your choice. Depending on the size of the knives and the diameter of the raw material that you are going to grind, vary the gap between the shafts.
If you use a 4 kW electric motor, its speed is 2500-2800 rpm. This indicator is good for a disk mechanism designed for thin branches and stems of plants. The two-shaft mechanism must be powerful, so the number of revolutions must be reduced.
The images below show drawings of a wood chipper with 2 shafts, each with 3 knives:
The disk model looks much simpler mainly due to the simple design of the knives.
The drawing can display the disc diameter, the number of knives and their location. The more knives, the finer the raw material will be at the output. The disk can be positioned vertically or at an angle.
A stud with circular saws is attached to the frame. Often in such devices a belt is used to drive, so two pulleys should be made on the shaft and stud.
Most of the materials needed to assemble the shredder can be purchased at the auto market, farm equipment store, or hardware store, but some parts will have to be ordered or made by yourself. To do this, you need to be able to work as a grinder and a welding machine.
Double Shaft Chopper
The work on creating a two-shaft shredder consists of the following phases - assembling the frame and receiving compartment, creating a chopping drum with knives, installing the drum and engine.
Necessary materials:
- engine;
- plate 10 mm - 2 pcs;
- gear - 2 pcs;
- pulley - 1 pc;
- shaft for knives - 2 pcs;
- bearings with fasteners - 5 pcs;
- knives;
- profile pipe;
- sheet metal (thickness 2 mm).
The first step is to make a frame. To do this, cut 4 parts from the profile pipe: 2 - 40 cm each, 2 - 80 cm each. With a welding machine, fix the short parts between the long ones at a right angle to make a frame. The distance between the two inner crossbars must be such that the chopping drum can fit between them.
In order to subsequently move the chopper, wheels must be attached to it. To do this, fix 2 racks on the frame, on which the axle and wheels will then be held.
Mechanism assembly:
- When the frame is ready, you can assemble the chopping drum. To make a shaft, take a square blank for 4 knives or a round one for 3.
- For a square blank, grind the ends, making them round so that they fit into the bearings. If you are using a round stock, sharpen the center section by making 3 flat cuts for the blades.
- The knives themselves can be easily made from Kamaz springs. Cut off the desired piece of the spring, align it if necessary, heating it in a forge and hitting it with a hammer several times. Harden the part and let cool.
- Make holes for the bolts in the knives.
- Sharpen the knives on the machine, choosing a cutting edge angle of 35-45 °.
- Attach the knives to the shaft and mark the attachment points. Drill holes at the marked points and make threads in them.
- To make a chopping drum, take two plates - these will be the walls. Use a welding machine to cut holes in them for bearings and grind the edges. If it is not possible to do this step on your own, you can contact a locksmith workshop or an enterprise.
- Install the bearings in.
- Attach the plates to the metal walls with bolts.
- Insert the shafts into the bearings and secure them.
- Connect the walls with threaded metal studs and fix them with nuts.
- It remains only to make a receiving compartment through which the wood will get inside. To do this, take sheet metal and make 4 identical blanks in the form of a parallelepiped.
- Find the narrowest side of each workpiece, step back 5 cm from it and bend the edge.
- Bend the remaining three blanks in the opposite direction.
- Assemble the box and make sure the blanks fit snugly together.
- Connect the edges with welding or self-tightening rivets.
- At the base on the bent sides, drill holes for fasteners.
Assembling the wood chipper in the video below will help you more fullyImagine how the whole process goes:
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Disc chopper
Unlike a twin-shaft shredder, the disc shredder requires far fewer parts, time and effort to assemble.
Necessary materials:
- motor;
- knives;
- profile pipe;
- metal sheet to create a disk;
- sheet metal 2 mm thick for protective shell and receiving compartment.
Such a small number of parts is due to the low power of the device. If a two-shaft mechanism can grind thick branches up to 10 cm in diameter into chips, this one will cope with a maximum of 2 cm. Knives can be made as described in the instructions above.
Progress:
As you can see, nothing complicated, the main thing is to get all the necessary details. A homemade wood chipper with two shafts has a lot of power and is designed for processing large branches. Chip sizes can be controlled from 2 cm to 8 cm depending on the number of knives per shaft. published
Cleaning up trash in your area is often quite a problematic task. Plastic from a summer house or a country house can be removed if a large amount is accumulated. Food waste is easily disposed of in. But what to do with cut branches and unnecessary wooden structures that are not suitable for such a pit in their shape and size?
1.1 Principle of operation and arrangement of shredders
The whole mechanism of the machine is based on the following main parts:
- support frame;
- power device;
- shaft to which the cutting body is attached;
- shell for protection against fragments;
- a special bunker for receiving raw materials.
Despite the simple structure of the device, it is quite heavy. Therefore, most modern machines are produced on a wheelbase to facilitate the transport of the chopper. The motor in the device is connected to the shaft by means of a belt or chain.
The principle of operation of such a machine is similar to the operation of a conventional electric meat grinder. When the machine is turned on, the engine starts, which starts to push the shaft with the cutter. Wooden waste is placed in a receiving hopper and, as it passes inside, it is crushed into chips, which are thrown to the side or into a special hopper that is installed on some models.
1.2 Types of wood chippers
1.3 The work of a professional wood chipper (video)
1.4 How to choose the right wood chipper?
When choosing crushing devices for wood, it is important to take into account a number of features of such machines. They will allow you to choose a crusher specifically for the tasks, as well as significantly extend its service life.
The main purchase criteria are:
- The specific task of the device. When buying a shredder, it is important to know exactly what type of wood it processes and what kind of finished product it produces.
- Fuel used. It is important to immediately determine which fuel will be more economical and, based on this, choose an electrical device or gasoline / diesel models.
- The power of the power device. The engine used, despite the amount of work performed, is designed for a certain load. If the load exceeds the allowable, the device will fail. So you need to accurately compare the intended work with the power of the model.
The price range of models may depend on the functionality. For example, modern models with the ability to set the size of the finished wood chips will cost more than a simple garden structure. If even the most minimal equipment cannot be afforded, there is an option for do-it-yourself wood.
2 How to make a simple chopper yourself?
The design of such a device is quite simple, but at the same time, without the necessary materials and experience in working on a bench machine and electrical equipment, it is better not to undertake its assembly on your own. All elements are made separately, and then fastened together. You will need a powerful engine and materials for the body, connectors and cutting part.
When choosing an engine, its power should be taken into account. For with a diameter of up to 4 cm, an engine with a power of 3-4 kilowatts is suitable. A diameter of 4-15 cm can be processed in the presence of a more serious power unit of 6-7 kilowatts.
You can choose between a petrol engine and an electric one. The first type will make the grinder more powerful, the second will allow you to work indoors.
As for the cutting element, the two-shaft system is the most suitable here, in which the knives are placed on two shafts fixed between steel plates. Such a shaft is mounted with four bearings on the body of the hopper. Gears are welded to the far part of the shafts. They use belts to transmit torque from the engine. Next, we take cutting elements, they can be bought or cut from a KAMAZ spring. If the homemade shaft has a round shape, it is better not to install more than three knives.
After the blades are ready, they are sharpened at an angle of 35 degrees. Further, with the help of bolts, they are attached to specially made protrusions on the shaft housing.
When the knives are ready, you can move on to the body of the chopping drum. It is made from two flat sheets of steel. They should be rectangular in shape. Holes for bearings are cut out in the blanks (two on each blank). Bearings are mounted on shafts and welded to workpieces. To increase the strength between the walls of the drum, it is better to fix a pair of spacers made of metal rods.
Next we make a frame. She needs a profile pipe, which is divided into 4 segments: two of them will be 80 cm long, and the other two will be 40 cm. These segments are interconnected in the form of a rectangle. Racks for wheels are attached to the bottom surface.
The receiving compartment of the crusher is made of four metal plates, which are connected by welding in the form of a parallelepiped. The upper edge and the lower edge are turned away by 5 cm. The upper one is inside the structure, the lower one is out. Holes are drilled in the saddle for the bolts that will connect the frame and the hopper. The nut will prevent chips from flying out.
The first stage in the assembly of parts is the installation of the chopping drum. It is either welded or bolted. Next, the engine is installed and a belt is drawn to the gears of the shafts. The receiving hopper is installed last on the device.
It features a simple design, which simplifies repair and has high performance.
