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What is the roof for a private house. What are the roofs of houses? Material, painting, insulation - Phased work technology. Soft roof for the roof: types

The design of the roof and the choice of roofing material is determined at the design stage and depends on the design of the facade of the building and the roofing technology. The choice of the type of roof, materials for its installation, its design, slope depends on climatic conditions, operation, architectural requirements, the degree of capitalization of the building.

Roof - the upper enclosing structure of the building, which performs load-bearing, waterproofing and, with non-attic (combined) roofs and warm attics, heat-insulating functions.

Roof - the upper element of the roof (covering), which protects buildings from all types of atmospheric influences.

The roof of the building consists of the following elements: inclined planes, called slopes (1), which are based on rafters (2) and lathing (3). The lower ends of the rafter legs rest on the Mauerlat (4). The intersection of the slopes forms inclined (12) and horizontal ribs. The horizontal ribs are called the ridge (5). The intersection of the slopes, forming the incoming corners, create valleys and grooves (6). The edges of the roof over the walls of the building are called cornice overhangs (7) (located horizontally, protruding beyond the contour of the outer walls) or gable overhangs (11) (located obliquely). Water flows down the slopes to the wall gutters (8) and is discharged through the water intake funnels (9) into the downpipes (10) and further into the storm sewer.

1) Cornice plank; 2) Lathing board; 3) Falling beam of the counter-lattice; 4) Waterproofing film; 5) Rafter leg; 6) Skate; 7) Sheets of metal tiles; 8) Sealer ridge; 9) Cap of the ridge; 10) Wind bar; 11) Drain pipe; 12) Pipe holder; 13) Drainage chute; 14) Chute holder; 15) Snow barrier; 16) Upper valley; 17) Lower valley; 18) Wall profile.

Roof classification

Depending on the slope of the slopes, the roofs are pitched (more than 10%) and flat (up to 2.5%). In individual housing construction, as a rule, pitched and sloping roofs are used. In flat roofs, the formation of stagnant water on the roof is possible and, as a result, the appearance of leaks in these places. The advantage of flat roofs is the possibility of using them for various purposes. According to the constructive solution, roofs can be attic (separate) and non-attic (combined). Attic roofs are insulated or cold. In non-attic (combined) roofs, the load-bearing elements serve as the ceiling of the upper floor of the building. Non-attic roofs are ventilated, partially ventilated and non-ventilated. According to the operating conditions, roofs are exploited and non-exploited. The type of roof is mainly determined by its geometric shape and roofing material. Depending on the shape of the roof, they can be single-slope, gable, three-, four-slope, multi-slope (Fig. 2).

shed roof (Fig. 2, a) with its plane (slope) rests on load-bearing walls of different heights. This roof is most suitable for the construction of outbuildings.

Gable roof (Fig. 2, b, c) consists of two planes-slopes, based on load-bearing walls of the same height. The space between the slopes, which has a triangular shape, is called tongs or gables. A variation of the gable roof is the attic.
If the roof consists of four triangular slopes converging at one upper point, then it is called tent (Fig. 2d).

A roof formed by two trapezoidal slopes and two end triangular is called hip four-slope (Fig. 2, e). There are also gable hip ( half hip ) when the pediments are cut off (Fig. 2, f).

Gable roof of an industrial building with a longitudinal lantern (Fig. 2, g) differs from the gable roof of a residential building by a smaller slope of the slopes and a greater width and length.

vaulted roof (Fig. 2, h) in cross section it can be outlined by an arc of a circle or another geometric curve.

folded roof (Fig. 2, i) is formed from the connection of individual trapezoidal elements - folds.

domed roof (Fig. 2, j) in outline is a half ball with a continuous support on a cylindrical wall.

Multi-gable roof (Fig. 2, l) is formed from the connection of the slopes of the planes. It is arranged on houses with a complex polygonal shape of the plan. Such roofs have a greater number of valleys (inner corner) and ribs (protruding corners that form the intersection of the roof slopes), which requires high qualifications when performing roofing work.

Cross vault represents four closed arched vaults (Fig. 2, l).

spherical shell (Fig. 2, o) in outline it is a vault, resting at several points on the base. The space between the supports is usually used for translucent lamps.

spire roof (Fig. 2, n) consists of several steep triangles-slopes, connecting at the top.

Roof from oblique surfaces (Fig. 2, p) consists of several gentle planes, based on load-bearing walls, standing at different levels.

Flat roof (Fig. 2, p) rests on load-bearing walls that have the same height. Flat roofs are most widely used in both civil and industrial construction. Unlike pitched roofs, on flat roofs, piece and sheet materials are not used as roofing. Here, materials are needed that allow the installation of a continuous carpet (bitumen, bitumen-polymer and polymer materials, as well as mastics). This carpet must be elastic enough to perceive thermal and mechanical deformations of the roof base. As a base, use the surface of thermal insulation, load-bearing plates, screeds.

In individual construction, as a rule, roofs are used, shown in fig. 2, a, b, c, d, e, f. The intersections of the roof slopes form dihedral angles. If they are turned downwards, they are called grooves, or valleys, if upwards, then ribs. The upper rib, located horizontally, is called the ridge, and the lower part of the slope is called the overhang.

To remove rain and melt water, external drainpipes are installed, through which water is discharged to a certain place and leaves the site through drainage ditches into street ditches. The magnitude of the slope of the slope and the durability of the roof depend on the material of the roof, as well as on climatic conditions (table).

Pitched attic roofs should be operated in good condition of the roof, supporting structures of roofs, normal temperature and humidity conditions in attic spaces and timely repair of the coating.

I - attic; II - attic floor; III - supporting structure; IV - roof; 1 - constant loads (dead weight); 2 - live loads (snow, operational loads); 3 - wind (pressure); 4 - wind (suction); 5 - impact of ambient temperatures; 6 - atmospheric moisture (precipitation, air humidity); 7 - chemically aggressive substances contained in the air; 8 - solar radiation; 9 - moisture contained in the air of the attic space.

Pitched roof slopes and their durability

Roof material slope Service life, year Asbestos cement flat sheets, tiles 1:2 40-50 Corrugated asbestos cement sheets 1:3 40-50 Clay tile 1:1 - 1:2 60 and over Roof sheet steel black 1:3,5 20-25 Roof sheet steel galvanized 1:3,5 30-40 Roll materials two-layer, on mastic 1:7 5-8 Ruberoid on glassine 1:2 3-5 wooden shingles 1:1,25 5-10

1 - frame crossbar (beams, trusses); 2 - bearing element of the coating; 3 - vapor barrier; 4 - insulation; 5 - coupler; 6 - roof; 7 - protective layer.

a-g - for pitched roofs; d, e - for gable roofs; g - plan for the device of rafters; 1 - rafter leg; 2 - rack; 3 - brace; 4 - rafter beam; 5 - crossbar; 6 - spacer; 7 - top run; 8 - bed; 9 - diagonal leg; 10 - short rafter leg.

a - truss spans of 6 m or more; b - the same, 12 m; 1 - crossbar; 2 - sleeper; 3 - brace; 4 - block; 5 - beams; 6 - puff; 7 - grandmother; 8 - brace.

1 - puff; 2 - pendant, or headstock; 3 - rafter leg; 4 - suspended attic floor; 5 - brace; 6 - emergency bolt; 7 - nails; 8 - roofing; 9 - two overlays; 10 - bolts; 11 - bolt dowels.

a, b - non-ventilated; in - ventilated; 1 - protective layer; 2 - roll carpet; 3 - coupler; 4 - thermal insulation; 5 - vapor barrier; 6 - ventilated channel; 7 - supporting structure; 8 - finishing layer.

Roof construction

Attic pitched roofs. The pitched attic roof consists of load-bearing structures and a roof. Between such a roof and an attic floor there is an attic used to accommodate ventilation ducts (boxes), pipe runs, etc. With significant slopes, attic spaces are often used for built-in premises. The height of the attic in the lowest places, for example, at the outer walls, should be at least 0.4 m to allow periodic inspection of the structures. In the winter, heat and moisture penetrate into the attic through the attic ceilings from the premises of the upper floor. The warmer the attic and the more thermally conductive the roofing material, the more condensation (hoarfrost) is formed. When the outside temperature rises, the condensate melts, causing rotting of wooden structures and corrosion of metal elements. Humidification of the attic can also occur as a result of the penetration of moist air from the stairwells, and therefore the density of the porch of doors and hatches leading to the attic is of great importance. A very important and effective measure against moistening the attic space is its ventilation. To do this, arrange ventilation holes under the eaves (supply holes) and in the ridge (exhaust holes), as well as dormer windows. The bearing part consists of rafters, trusses, purlins, panels and other elements. The load-bearing structures of pitched roofs can be made of reinforced concrete, steel, wood in the form of rafters, building trusses and large panels. The choice of roof structure depends on the size of the spans to be covered, the slope of the roof, as well as the requirements for durability, fire resistance and thermal properties (Fig. 3).

The most widespread are layered and hanging rafters.

Rafters (Fig. 4) consist of rafter legs, struts and racks. They rest with the lower ends of the rafter legs on the under-rafter bars - Mauerlats, and the upper ends on a horizontal beam, called the upper ridge run. The role of the Mauerlats is to create a convenient support for the lower ends of the rafters. The top run is supported by uprights mounted on internal supports. The distance between the posts carrying the ridge runs is taken equal to 3 - 5 m.

To increase the longitudinal rigidity of the rafter structures, longitudinal struts are placed at each rack. If the building has two rows of internal supports in the form of longitudinal main walls or pillars, columns and other elements, then two longitudinal runs are laid. Rafters are used in buildings with intermediate supports and spans up to 16 m in size.

Recently, prefabricated wooden layered rafters, prefabricated at the factory, have become widespread. A set of such rafters consists of separate structural elements and has an abbreviated name - rafter shield, truss truss. Perhaps such a device of layered rafters made of precast concrete. Roof trusses are used in the construction of roofs for buildings of considerable width that do not have internal supports. The construction truss consists of two truss legs connected by a puff, which perceive the horizontal component of the forces transmitted to the support (thrust). With truss spans of 6 m or more, a crossbar is cut in, and with a span of up to 12 m, a headstock and struts are installed, which increase rigidity and reduce the deflection of the rafter legs (Fig. 5).

Roof trusses for low-rise civil and rural construction are made of beams and boards. Sometimes elements that perceive tensile forces in the lower belt or racks are made of steel. Such farms are called metal-wood. With four-pitched or more complex roof shapes, diagonal sloping rafter legs are introduced, forming triangular-shaped slopes in plan, the so-called hips.

Laminated rafters are made of beams, boards and logs (see Fig. 4). The pitch of the rafters is taken depending on the material from which they are made, the type of roof and the section of the elements of the crate. In the manufacture of rafters from beams with a thickness of 180 - 200 mm, they are placed after 1.5 - 2 m, and from plates and boards - after 1 - 1.5 m. In buildings of considerable width, when the length of the rafter legs reaches 8 m, it is necessary to arrange intermediate supports on interior walls. Beds are laid along these walls, racks and struts are installed on them, and then a run is installed on which the rafter legs rest.

At the intersection of the roof slopes, the rafters are made of diagonal and short rafter legs (see race 4, g). To prevent the roof from being blown away by the wind, part of the rafter legs is tied to crutches driven into the outer walls with wire twists. All rafter interfaces are fixed with nails, bolts, staples. Reinforced concrete layer systems consist of reinforced concrete panels supported at the top on a ridge reinforced concrete run, and at the bottom on the outer walls of the building. The ridge run is supported by pillars installed every 4 - 6 m. Large reinforced concrete panels are used for shed and gable roofs. Shed roofs are arranged on ribbed panels measuring 6.4x1.2 m, laid with a slope of 5%, gable roofs - with a slope of 7 - 8%.

At present, complex multicomponent binders can be used for the manufacture of reinforced concrete foundations. Before laying the roof on the panels, a cement or asphalt screed is arranged. In the absence of intermediate supports in small spans of buildings up to 12 m, hanging rafters are used (Fig. 6). They are made from the same materials as the layered rafters, i.e. from beams, boards and logs. Hanging rafters consist of rafter legs and puffs. The upper ends of the rafter legs are connected with a slotted spike, and the lower ends are cut into a puff with a frontal notch and fastened with bolts.

Rough roofs. Non-attic roofs are divided into non-ventilated, partially ventilated and ventilated with outside air. Non-ventilated roofs are used in cases where the accumulation of moisture in the coating during operation is excluded. Such coatings can be made with thermal insulation combined with the supporting structure. The main elements of the combined roof are flooring, insulation, vapor barrier and roofing (Fig. 7).

The flooring is arranged from reinforced concrete large-sized slabs of various types. A vapor barrier layer in the form of one or two layers of roofing material or glassine on mastic is provided to protect the thermal insulation from moisture from water vapor penetrating from the interior. As a heater, plate and bulk heat-insulating materials are used. A leveling layer (screed) of cement mortar is made on top of the thermal insulation. The roof is laid on the screed. It is made of rolled roofing materials in several layers. Stick them on cold or hot mastic. To protect the waterproofing carpet from damage, a protective layer is made in the form of mounds of sand or fine-grained gravel embedded in the top layer of mastic, or a layer of roofing material.

Non-ventilated roofs mounted from solid or multi-layer panels. Such panels manufactured in the factory are sealed with a sticker on the upper surface of the waterproofing carpet, and on the bottom and along the contour of the panel - by applying a layer of paint vapor barrier. Partially ventilated roofs have pores or channels in the panel material located in the upper thickness of the panel. Ventilated roofs have continuous air layers that dry the coating in winter and protect it from overheating by the sun's rays in summer. The height of the air gap is 200 - 240 mm. Combined roof structure consists of several layers of materials (see Fig. 7):

• a load-bearing element, for example, a reinforced concrete slab, which is trimmed from below to the ceiling of the upper floor;
• vapor barrier from one or two layers of roofing material on mastic;
• insulation - slabs of cellular concrete or filling of expanded clay, slag and similar highly porous materials;
• roofing from rolled material, made of roofing material, roofing felt, etc.;
• a protective layer made of fine gravel or sifted slag embedded in the bitumen paint layer.

With a non-ventilated roof, a cement screed is arranged along the insulation. If the roof is not ventilated, the insulation screed is made of cement mortar. The roof fencing consists of struts and struts and looks like a vertical steel grating. Racks and struts have limbs at the bottom - paws with which they rest on the roof. The fences are fastened with capercaillie, driven into the roof sheathing through holes in the legs of the racks and struts. Parapets are arranged in the form of a solid stone wall with holes at the locations of drainpipes.

Regulatory requirements for modern roofs are contained in a large number of documents, and some of these documents are already obsolete, but, nevertheless, have not been canceled. Design should be carried out taking into account the instructions and restrictions of the current standards:

• SNiP 2.08.01-89, 1995 "Residential buildings";
• SNiP 2.08.02-89 "Public buildings and structures";
• SNiP 2.09.04-87 "Administrative and domestic buildings";
• SNiP 31-03-2001 "Industrial buildings" instead of SNiP 2.09.02-85*
• It is put into effect from January 1, 2002 by the decision of the Gosstroy of Russia dated March 19, 2001 N20;
• SNiP II-26-76 "Roofs" (a new version of this SNiP was developed in 1999, but has not yet been introduced);
• SNiP II-3-79*, 1996 "Construction heat engineering";
• SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings";
• SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures".

In private construction, it is often difficult to decide on the choice of roof, especially if you want to stand out. For example, a modern flat roof cannot be installed where a large amount of precipitation falls annually. In this article, I will talk about what types of roofing roofs are for private houses and advise on the best materials for these surfaces.

General idea of ​​roofing systems

The roof is the main protection of the entire building. Due to the high quality of the materials used, you can achieve a very long service life of your home. My words can be confirmed by many examples. Take, for example, houses whose roofs are already over 200 years. On some you can find a copper coating, on others ceramic. Of course, modern materials do not have such quality, but you can buy products that are very close to ideal in properties.

Before choosing a roofing system, you have to study many nuances, and only after that consider the options. Here is a list of the main factors that affect the shape of the roof:

• Style and decor of the future building
• The structure and arrangement of the rooms, the plan of the entire building
• Climatic conditions of your region
• Roofing
• The need for insulation, etc.

As you can see, making a choice is quite difficult, especially if you don’t know what you want. If you are stuck in this situation, then you need to answer the questions in order, and at the end you will get the best solution.

By design, the roofing system is divided into:

• Attic. Due to the interfloor overlap, which is laid on top of the walls and the voluminous truss system, an attic space is created. It can be used by the owners at their discretion. Many use it as a warehouse for unnecessary things, and some equip these square meters as an additional living room. Buildings with an attic are very common in cold regions of the country. The air gap between the roofing cake and the ceiling is a kind of thermal insulation. Therefore, very often such roofs are not insulated.

• Atticless. In such buildings, the reverse side of the roof surface is called the ceiling. As a rule, such structures can be found on a flat roof, but a shed system is a good example. A building without an attic is optimally arranged in warm areas where heat loss is negligible at any time of the year.

By design, roofs are divided into only two categories: pitched and flat. The second variety, in turn, is divided into exploited and non-exploited. As for the pitched ones, there will be much more subspecies here.

Types of pitched roof structures:

• Shed
• gable
• Multi plucked
• Mansard
• Hip and semi-hip
• And other less popular ones, for example, domed, hemispherical, etc.

You can't say bad things about any of these species. All of them have strengths and weaknesses. To create a high-quality design, it is enough to minimize the shortcomings and emphasize the positive points. Take for example a shed roof. Its device is very primitive; a novice roofer can assemble such a system in a day. If you do not use design services to create an interesting project, then your home will hardly be called beautiful.

Types of roofing roofs of private houses photo:

Now let's take a closer look at each roofing system and start with the simplest.

flat roof

Until recently, a flat roof was very rarely used in private construction. The fact is that for this surface there simply were no suitable coatings. The most popular material at that time was roofing material, which could lie without leaks for only a couple of years. Over time, manufacturers of building products have begun to pay more and more attention to flat roofs and today the life of some materials is about 50 years.

The disadvantages of a flat roof include:

• Simple appearance. However, this point for someone may be a plus. Polls have shown that young people consider the "cubic" look of the building more attractive, but older people prefer standard buildings.
• Very high requirements for roof waterproofing.
• It is quite difficult to create an exploitable roofing surface due to labor-intensive work.

Despite such serious shortcomings, the positive aspects still prevail here.

• On a flat roof surface, you can arrange a recreation area, open your workshop, plant vegetation and much more.
• The exploited roof will become the favorite place of all your friends.
• At any time you can retire with nature and watch the ever-running clouds.
• Due to the multi-layered roofing cake, the exploited roof is very reluctant to let heat through.

More recently, such roofs could only be seen on high-rise buildings and industrial buildings, and today it is considered fashionable in private construction. Thanks to the small roof area, you can significantly save on materials. In addition to all this, it is not difficult to maintain such a roof, because you are actually on the ground, and not in limbo, as on pitched systems.

Some of the materials for an unused roof very often cannot support the weight of the average person, so they are equipped with walkways and ladders. The roofing cake of such a roof is created by the traditional method and is very economical.

Classical laying means the location of the heat-insulating layer under the waterproofing, and in inversion, the opposite is true. The exploited surfaces are arranged in the last way, and due to this, the roofing pie is not subjected to any deformations.

Bituminous roll coatings, membranes, natural soil, paving slabs and much more are often used as roofing.

Shed roof

Shed truss systems are known to all for their popularity in the business. Thanks to them, sheds, woodsheds, warehouse buildings and other structures are very often arranged. As you already know, they are distinguished by their simplicity and this is one of the negative sides. However, this problem can be eliminated by contacting a good designer. He will not only create a chic project, but also advise which roofing materials can be used in this case.

A shed roof, although a simple design, can be used to cover large areas. An example is a building that is over 12 meters long. Of course, such a truss system will be somewhat complicated, but it still remains cost-effective.

The slope is given by the difference in the heights of opposite walls. By the way, this is the most common option, since there is no need to purchase additional materials to create it. An alternative way is to use lumber, but then the cost of the entire building will become somewhat more expensive, and the creation itself is more difficult.

The advantages of shed roofs are as follows:

• First of all, it is of course the simplicity of design and its installation.
• It is necessary to spend a minimum of finance, effort and time on the construction of a shed roof
• The resulting truss system does not have a lot of weight, so it can fit on frame buildings
• One ramp is very easy to maintain and repair

IMPORTANT: Almost all materials can be placed on the roof surface, but a large slope cannot be created, as this will lead to the creation of windage. This is fraught with the separation of the roofing sheet.

Dual slope systems

Surely even a child can recognize this roof. Their representatives can be found in any holiday village. Such crazy popularity is justified by simplicity and efficiency. Due to the gable design, atmospheric precipitation practically does not linger on the surface, which is very important for the northern regions of the country. In appearance, the truss system resembles triangles installed with a certain step. Very often, the roofs of such buildings are left uninsulated, and the attic space is used as a warehouse.

The positive aspects of the gable system on the face:

• Calculating such a roof is very simple, it also applies to the installation process
• The attic is very voluminous, of course, it is not enough for a room, but it is quite enough for a warehouse
• Due to the steepness of the slopes, atmospheric precipitation is removed naturally
• Unpretentiousness in service
• Construction costs are relatively low

It is worth noting that this type of roof has been used for centuries. He passed the test of time and showed his best side. But most developers who want some kind of innovation are unlikely to choose such a truss system.

A gable roof, or as it is sometimes called a gable roof, is great for small buildings. By the way, in addition to the original, there is a slightly modified version. In it, the pediments have the shape of an isosceles triangle. Such a system stands out for its height and its construction is not always possible. It's all about the wind load and the higher the surface, the greater the pressure will produce gusts of wind.

Very often on gable roofs you can find such a coating: slate, ondulin, metal tiles, corrugated board and rebate.

Mansard roofs

Such roofing systems are completely reminiscent of gable roofs. The only difference is the broken slopes, due to which the volume of the attic space increases. From the front and rear sides of the building, the lower part of the roofing surface is attached almost vertically. And not all products can cover such a slope.

As for the economic indicator, such a roof is 30% more expensive than the previous one, but you can ignore this negative point if you take into account the additional room that is created during the installation process. From my own experience I will say that the appearance of such a building is strange, but inside the premises everything is different. The upper and lower floors can be combined with a spiral staircase, and you will have access to the top at any time of the year.

The nuances of installing a mansard roof:

• When arranging a dwelling on the top floor, you will definitely need to insulate the roof from the inside.
• When laying roofing material, do not forget to make ventilation passages. This will allow air to remove condensate in a timely manner.
• Natural lighting can be created by arranging light windows directly on the roof slopes.
• If you plan to rationally use the entire volume, then you will have to build special furniture that will follow the contours of the inside of the slope.

An ordinary gable roof can be modified to a mansard, as long as all underlying structures can withstand the increased weight.

roof in the form of a tent

For the construction of such a roof, an equilateral base is required. The entire roofing system consists of isosceles triangles, which are no different from each other. In the roofing industry, it is also called pyramidal.

The positive qualities of such a system are as follows:

• Very high resistance to all kinds of loads
• Interesting appearance
• Almost all roof coverings can be laid on such a surface.

The negative qualities include the same kind. For some people, living in a square building is somehow strange, but there is no other reason for such a roof. The only solution to this problem can be the development of an interesting room interior. A serious design flaw is the complexity of the truss system, although at first glance you can’t tell.

Hip structures

Such a roofing system came to us from northern Europe. For residents of central Russia, it is considered ideal. The fact is that the hip truss system can easily withstand the load from strong winds and multiple precipitations. The roof surface has four slopes, two of which are trapezoids and the other triangles. As a rule, they are located from the facades and ends, respectively.

Due to its small height, the sent roofing material will not be able to disrupt even a very strong wind. But if you still don’t believe this, then you can always protect the structure with additional elements in the form of a cornice strip. The attic space is spacious and is often equipped as a living room. In order to have enough light, light windows are mounted in the slopes.

There is some subspecies of hip roofs, which is called half-hip. Its distinguishing feature is that the triangular slopes are much shorter, and their angle of inclination is somewhat reduced. Such roofs can be easily recognized by the open gable. All products are used as a coating material, except for polymer and rolled ones.

These types of roofs you can see in these photos:

Multi-gable roof

This design can be of several types. The simplest is L-shaped. There is only one valley here. If you can’t imagine what it looks like, then imagine two gable roofs that had the same center, but the planes themselves were perpendicular to each other. The "+" sign perfectly describes this position.

The valley is a very important part of a multi-gable roof, so its installation should be carried out under the clear guidance of professionals. If you do the work yourself, you will have to acquire all the relevant materials and try not to save. As a rule, on such roofs, in addition to the waterproofing layer, a bedding carpet is laid. Of course, its main task is to level the slope plane so that the coating does not deform, but since it is dense, it additionally plays the role of insulation. All joints of the lining carpet must be smeared with mastic.

Roofs in the form of a cone

Such a truss system is a very rare thing, but still it can be found. The basis for such a roof is a building with a round outline. For ease of creating a cone, lumber is very often replaced by metal.

The range of products that can be used as a coating is very narrow, so carefully study the list before the device:

• Bituminous products equipped with a good protective coating, such as roof tiles.
• Due to the steep slope, natural tiles are an ideal option.
• Copper or wood shingles
• Natural materials (reed, reed, etc.)

Dome truss systems

Although such roofs are not common in ordinary private construction, they can be found on large cottages. There are several types of them.

1. Heated variant. It can be built both with insulation and completely deaf.
2. Glazed. It stands out for its original and sophisticated look.

As materials for the truss system, wood or metal is very often used. Most of them combine or use exclusively the latest product. It's all about the properties of the wood. It is laid on the lower rows, where its deformation is not required, and as it rises, the lumber is replaced by metal. However, you can not rack your brains and use all-metal elements. Due to the good rigidity of the materials and the system itself, a fairly stable roof is obtained.

Very often domed roofs are made transparent, for this the following products can be used:

• Triplex. When such a material is destroyed, it forms a minimum number of fragments.
• Reinforced glass. When damaged, it does not shatter into dangerous fragments, but the throughput is much less than triplex.
• Polycarbonate, plexiglass and other plastic products. They are light weight, do not break and are resistant to direct sunlight.

A panoramic roof is very difficult not only to build, but also to maintain, so it is not practical to build it in everyday life, unless you are doing things where you need a lot of natural light, for example, growing flowers.

In winter, a large amount of ice will accumulate on such a surface, which can cause the destruction of the entire roof. This problem can be solved by installing heating elements.

By constructing a domed roof, you will get the following benefits:

• The appearance of your building will look very original
• The shape of the dome evenly distributes heat throughout the room
• Transparent ceiling in which you can watch the ever-running sky

You can build a roofing surface in a matter of days, but keeping track of it is much more difficult. Let me remind you that routine inspections should be carried out twice a year, then the surface will last as long as possible.

The roof top is the topmost part of the roof. It is she who protects the building from the negative effects of the environment. Before you cover the roof of the house, you need to choose the right material. Roofing materials come in a variety of types. Each of them has its purpose and limitations in use.

Material selection criteria

Types of coverage should be considered from several angles. Choosing the material for the roof, you should answer the following questions for yourself:

• how steep the slope of the slope is planned;
• the cheaper it is to cover the roof, is the financial component in the first place;
• what type of roofing material will fit better into the architectural appearance;
• the better to cover the roof with your own hands, how complicated the installation process is;
• Is it possible to put up with the high noise of the roof.

The main criterion for choosing a roof covering is the slope angle.

In general, the coating must meet the requirements for reliability, durability, strength and waterproofing. The aesthetic component and economic are also important. To choose a roof covering for a house, you will have to consider the most popular options carefully.

seam roof

This option will allow you to perform work inexpensively. The coating in this case is made of thin metal sheets. Their connection along the length is carried out by bending the folds. Such coating material is not very suitable for do-it-yourself work, since it requires certain skills and knowledge.

Installation of a seam roof is not recommended to do it yourself

When deciding what is the best way to cover the roof of a house, you should pay attention to simpler types. This option is more suitable for a professional team that will do the job quickly and efficiently.

Deciding how to cover the roof of a wooden house or any other? Then it is worth taking a closer look at the metal tile. It is light, so it does not create a strong load on the walls of the building and foundations. Often the material can be difficult to distinguish from natural tiles.

The metal tile on decorative properties is almost not inferior to the usual

It looks attractive, and a wide range of colors allows you to choose the best solution for any facade. A special coating is used to protect the material from corrosion. The most commonly used polymers.

Installation

Finishing the roof with metal tiles is suitable for slopes with a slope of more than 15 degrees. Such species practically do not limit the upper limit of the slope. If the value is less than 20 degrees, you should think about waterproofing. In this case, moisture flows down the surface worse and can seep through the sheets.

When installing the roof with your own hands, you need to securely close the joints. The tile is attached to the crate. It is most often sparse. For the manufacture of the base, a board with a thickness of 32 mm is enough. The minimum allowable size is 25 mm, but in this case the design will work on the verge of possibilities.

The metal tile is attached to the crate

Application area

Metal roof tiles are widely used. It is suitable for a private residential building, administrative or industrial building. The material is intended for pitched roofs. Not used on flats.

Advantages and disadvantages

When deciding what is the best way to roof a private house, pay attention to the durability of the material. The metal coating can last up to 50 years. Compared with other types, the term is long. The benefits also include:

• ease of installation;
• small mass;
• you can cover the roof alone;
• does not require particularly careful handling during transportation;
• affordable price;
• a wide range of.

When installing metal tiles, a lot of waste is generated.

But such modern materials also have disadvantages. During the construction process, a lot of waste is generated, which makes up a considerable percentage of the purchased material..

In addition, any metal coating is quite noisy. Residents literally feel every drop of rain.

Decking

It is advantageous to cover the roofs of pitched roofs with a profiled sheet. This material is similar in properties to metal tile, but is cheaper. These types of material may have different markings. For the coating device, corrugated board marked H or HC is intended. Sheets marked C are intended for vertical structures; it is impossible to make a roof out of them. The profile brand (numerical designation) is selected depending on the load and the pitch of the rafters.

To cover the roof, you should choose a profiled sheet of grade H or HC

Installation

The coating is designed for roofing roofs with a slope of at least 10 degrees. The overlap during installation is assigned depending on the profile parameters. Usually the overlap is 20 cm. If the slope is less than 20 degrees, the joints should be additionally protected from moisture with a sealant.

Sheets are fastened with self-tapping screws. Approximately 8 pieces will be required per square meter. It is acceptable to lay the material on top of the old roofing from rolled materials.

Most often, profiled sheets are used for outbuildings and industrial buildings. But now there are many colors that fit perfectly into the facade of a residential building.

Advantages and disadvantages

Choosing what material is best for a wooden house? It is not recommended to use heavy types here. Therefore, the decision on how to cover the roof of the house in favor of the profiled sheet will be beneficial. Also perfect for brick or concrete buildings.

Roof pie device from corrugated board

The benefits include:

• ease of installation;
• good bending strength under mechanical stress and loads;
• service life like a metal tile;
• low cost.

Ondulin

Ondulin roofing is a profitable solution. It is possible to close the building with such material without significant material costs. The second name of onudlin is euroslate. Sheets are made from cellulose fibers, impregnated with bitumen with polymer additives. At the end, the material is painted in two layers of heat-resistant paint, thanks to which the sheets acquire a neat and attractive appearance.

Euroslate roofing - an economical option for the construction or repair of a roof

Installation

Ondulin coating of the roof of a country house with a slope of 6 ° to 15 ° requires a continuous crate. You can use an ordinary edged board (grade 3 wood) or moisture-resistant plywood. If the slope is more than 15 °, then a sparse base can be dispensed with.

The overlap of the sheets must be good - at least 30 cm. Special nails are provided for fastening.

Advantages and disadvantages

When deciding which material is best for a shed, bath or garage, you can choose ondulin with confidence. It is also suitable for a private house. But when choosing, it is worth considering that the service life of euroslate is up to 40 years, but the paint will fade earlier. The benefits include:

• waterproofing indicators;
• environmental friendliness;
• there will be no problems due to noise;
• ease of processing and cutting;
• very small weight;
• budget.

The main disadvantages of the coating include fading of paint, flammability

The disadvantages of the material are quite significant, so you should think about whether you need to cover your house with such material.. Minuses:

• combustibility;
• paint fading;
• softening of the material in sunny weather in summer (not recommended for steep slopes);
• moss growth in dark places.

Like the previous material, tiles are made using bitumen. It is best suited for roofs with a slope of no more than 45 degrees, as it can soften in hot weather. There are different types of flexible tiles depending on the pattern and color.

The angle of the roof slope for flexible tiles should be no more than 45 degrees

Installation

You can cover the roof with a slope of 11 to 45 degrees with the material. A continuous crate should be made under the coating. To do this, use a board or moisture-resistant plywood. If the slope angle is less than 18°, it is recommended to fix an additional waterproofing layer. For fastening, a layer of bitumen with a polymer is applied to the wrong side. The option is perfect for a roof of complex shape.

Advantages and disadvantages

The benefits include:

• long service life up to 70 years;
• noiselessness;
• holds snow well, it does not slip on rough material;
• resistance to corrosion and condensation;
• high flexibility;
• reasonable value for money.

Soft tiles due to their flexibility are widely used for roofs of complex shape.

natural tile

What to make a cover for a completely eco-friendly house? The best option in this case is ceramic tiles or its closest relative, cement-sand. They are able to last a century, they are safe, environmentally friendly and natural. But the significant shortcomings that do not allow the materials to return to the leading positions include:

• very large mass;
• the need for a strong and powerful foundation;
• high price.

Tiles are a beautiful, environmentally friendly, but heavy roofing material.

Rolled welding material

This option is mainly used for flat or low-slope bases.. There are several varieties from different manufacturers. Hydroizol, Stekloizol and TechnoNIKOL gained great popularity. The basis of the coating is fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester impregnated with bitumen.

Installation

The roofing carpet is rolled out on the roof, heating part of the roll with a gas burner. When working on a pitched roof, work starts from the bottom. The overlap along the length and from the ends is prescribed at least 10 cm. For a flat roof, 2-3 layers of coating will be enough. For pitched, you will have to lay 4-5.

Mostly the coating is used for the roofs of multi-storey buildings or industrial buildings. In private construction, it is difficult to meet. For your own home, it makes sense to buy such material as a lining waterproofing layer.

Rolled welded roofing is most often mounted on flat surfaces.

Advantages and disadvantages

The benefits of this coverage include:

• ease of care;
• good resistance to moisture;
• noiselessness;
• environmental friendliness and safety for humans;
• affordable price.

Roof construction is an important stage in the construction of a private house. It protects residents from the sun, cold, precipitation and other surprises of nature. When drawing up a project, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the climatic zone. Its second function is aesthetic.

Who doesn't want to live in a beautiful house? A spectacular roof can become the highlight of the whole building and even a local landmark.

Roof types

The choice of roof type is significantly influenced by the climate.

A flat solution is appropriate in areas with a minimum of annual rainfall. The absence or minimal (no more than 3º) slope in areas with a large number of them will lead to the accumulation of water on the roof. Subsequently, it may begin to leak.

A pitched structure is more suitable for our latitudes. The angle of inclination depends on the amount of precipitation, usually at least 10º. In a private house, the roof device often involves several slopes.

The architecture of the house may include an attic. In this case, the roof is separated from the residential part by an attic floor. The roofless roof is at the same time the ceiling of the upper floor.

When drawing up a roof project, you need to decide how to use the space under it. The appropriate shape and design depends on whether it is planned to place a living room or a pantry on it.

Shed roof tilted to one side at an angle of 20-30º. The slope should be located towards the winds. An excellent choice for a house with walls of different heights. This simple design makes efficient use of the area, simplifies the installation of the chimney and the subsequent completion of the floors.

Of the shortcomings, one can single out not the most interesting view. An unusual approach (a combination of slopes at different levels, the use of metal tiles) will achieve an attractive result.

A fairly common option in our latitudes is a gable roof. The angle of inclination varies between 25-45º, the exact value depends on the amount of precipitation in the region.

The slope should contribute to its natural purification from snow and water. This design is suitable for attic equipment, it is quickly and inexpensively mounted, and it opens up wide possibilities for design.

The four-pitched hip roof looks original, protects the facade from precipitation and is not afraid of strong winds. Under it, you can equip an attic or attic, but their area will be less than in the gable version. The disadvantage of the design is the complexity and laboriousness of construction.

The original semi-hip roof combines the last two types. It has a trapezoidal pediment, due to which it is resistant to the vagaries of the weather. May have two or four slopes. Behind the spectacular appearance lies the complexity of installation and roofing.

The tent is a kind of tent or pyramid in the form of four triangular slopes. Accordingly, the house should have the shape of a rectangle or square. Metal tile or slate would be a good option for covering.

The multi-gable roof has an attractive appearance and is suitable for houses of non-standard architecture with extensions. The complexity of the design, including many slopes and angles with different slopes, makes its installation accessible only to an experienced craftsman.

A beautiful and unusual domed or conical roof will suit a round or multifaceted structure. The robust and earthquake-resistant design is not afraid of surprises presented by the weather.

The main disadvantages are the impossibility of organizing an attic and the extreme complexity of installation. Rarely used in private homes.

Roof types can be combined. The architect has ample opportunities to create a functional and aesthetic option. The flip side of the coin is that construction, design and maintenance are fraught with considerable difficulties.

The architecture of the house also plays a role in choosing the shape of the roof: for example, a gable or multi-gable building is more suitable for a building in a classical style. Photos of the roofs of private houses will help you make a choice.

Mansard roofs

In private houses, an attic or attic is often equipped. This decision is justified by a number of obtained advantages. Perhaps the most important of them is the additional area without the construction of a full-fledged floor.

A well-organized attic ventilation and thermal insulation system will improve the microclimate of the house. With the right approach, even the space between the roof and the walls of the attic can be effectively used. Windows built into the roof provide maximum natural light to the room.

Before starting work, make sure that the load-bearing walls and foundation can withstand the new loads.

The angle of inclination of the attic roof is usually 45-60º (the upper part can be at an angle of 25-35º).

Material selection

The traditional roofing material is slate (asbestos-cement corrugated sheets). With reliability and cheapness, it remains quite heavy. A suitable roof slope for its use is 13-60º.

Not suitable for flat roofs, as precipitation will reduce the service life if it gets into the cracks. Bituminous slate is used starting from a 5º slope. The pitch of the crate depends on the angle: if it is less than 10º, a continuous flooring is required.

Ondulin, similar to slate, does not have the most presentable appearance. Suitable for outbuildings, can also be used in the repair of the roof of a private house. The harm to its merits is strength and durability.

Practical, inexpensive, lightweight metal profile will be a good alternative to slate. You can choose the cover of your favorite color.

Roofing material is more often used to provide thermal insulation, rather than a full coverage. It is a soft black material.

The tile possesses high decorative qualities, reliable and easy. Produced in a variety of colors. The high cost of the roof can push away from the choice in her favor. A suitable slope for ceramic tiles is 30-60º. If it is less than 25º, care must be taken to increase ventilation and waterproofing.

Perhaps the most popular roof of a private house can be called a metal tile. It can be used starting with a 15º slope.

Bituminous tiles will repeat the surface of any curvature, so it will be a good choice for an unusual roof (for example, a dome). The minimum tilt angle is 12º.

Photos of roofs of private houses