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What thermal insulation is better to choose for the house. Insulation for the walls of a frame house - which one is better to use. Extruded polystyrene foam - under the screed, for soil and wet places

Topics with a choice and description of the features of a particular type of insulation are deservedly popular on our portal. These questions become more urgent the higher the growth in energy prices and the desire of homeowners to save on heating. FORUMHOUSE has already talked about and about.

Choosing the best insulation for the walls of the house, which is right for you, we suggest looking at the nuances of insulating a private house from a slightly different angle. To do this, consider the following questions:

• How to start choosing a material.
• What are the types of heaters.
• Is it possible to do without using it.
• Should I use eco-insulators?
• What is lacking in modern means and methods of wall insulation.

Choosing a material

The modern market of thermal insulation materials offers a lot of options and types. Conventionally, they can be divided into artificial (man-made) and natural. Artificial include: mineral wool (stone and glass wool) and polystyrene foam insulation (PPS, or polystyrene, EPPS - extruded polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam), foam glass, sprayed polyurethane foam, ecowool, expanded clay, etc. Natural materials include sawdust, straw, moss, flax, hemp and other eco-materials.

The materials of the second group are most often used by enthusiasts in the construction of environmentally friendly houses.

To determine the type of material, you need to pay attention to the following parameters: thermal conductivity, hygroscopicity, density, flammability class, efficiency, environmental friendliness, durability. You also need to understand in advance what and how you are going to insulate. Those. – choose the scope of the material. To do this, we ask ourselves the question in which structural unit of the house should work. To the materials that are used for and insulation of the foundation (), etc. working in the ground, in an aggressive environment, there are certain requirements. These are non-susceptibility to moisture accumulation, rotting, high compressive strength, thermal efficiency, durability.

The main (perhaps even the only) disadvantage of foam plastics is their combustibility (under certain conditions) and limited thermal stability. In the event of a fire, first of all, interior items (furniture, curtains, etc.) burn. Therefore, measures must be taken in advance to protect polystyrene foam (in case it is used for internal insulation) from an open source of fire. To do this, the foam must be covered with a good layer of concrete or plaster. It is better if PPS is used for external insulation. It must also be covered with non-combustible material (concrete, plaster), and not used as an element of a ventilated facade!

In civil housing construction, expanded polystyrenes are widely used for insulation of foundations and flat roofs (EPS). Facades of houses, as the basis for thin-layer plaster, the so-called. "wet facade" (PPS).

• In a number of situations (especially in the field of low-rise housing construction), it is necessary to insulate frame structures, where, instead of rigidity, elastic options mounted by surprise are more technologically advanced. Here, it is most widely used on the basis of stone () or glass fibers - this material combines high manufacturability of installation (no special experience and special professional tools are required) with incombustibility (including fire resistance) and low production cost.

When using mineral wool materials, care must be taken to prevent moisture from entering them. In the event that water enters the insulation, the "pie" of the frame structure and the vapor transparency of the layers should ensure that excess moisture escapes to the outside. Why should steam and waterproofing films and membranes be used correctly?

The above methods are far from the only effective option for warming a room.

Alexey Melnikov

To a lesser extent, such insulation methods are now common as: poured (such as a screed from a solution of polystyrene concrete) and filling options (expanded clay gravel, foam glass chips, aerated concrete block rejection, etc.). Because they, in my opinion, are more appropriate as additional sound insulation in horizontal structures.

44alex FORUMHOUSE User

I would choose perlite for ceilings and for backfilling stone walls, but not under the floor on the ground, because. this is an excellent material in terms of price / thermal conductivity / combustibility / environmental friendliness / service life.

Recently, blown versions of heaters are also gaining popularity. Type of cellulose fiber (the so-called ecowool) or its mineral counterpart. According to Alexey Melnikova, these materials should be used for thermal insulation of hard-to-reach places.

natural materials

It is also necessary to highlight materials based on natural fibers (flax, sea grasses), which are now being promoted under the ideology of ECO-construction. Due to the limited choice and significant price tag, these materials have not yet become widespread.

The main disadvantages of natural materials:

• shrinkage;
• unpredictability of behavior in the long term;
• susceptibility to rodents.

Let's see how true this is.

Russian FORUMHOUSE User

Unexpectedly, the following experiment came out: in the summer they folded substandard linen insulation in the corner, in a stack 1.5 meters high. In winter, a water pipe leaked, which passed nearby. We noticed this only in the summer, i.e. the bottom layer of flax has lain for at least 6 months in water. And here are the results:

• For a material 5 cm thick, under the pressure of the upper layers, only 1 cm sat down;
• The material that had taken in water turned dark and was left to dry until morning. The next morning he regained his form, i.e. again became 5 cm thick;
• Breaking loads have not changed either.

After drying, the linen insulation remained practically unchanged, because the structure of the linen material is fixed by melted lavsan fibers. This structure can be changed only when heated to 160-190 ° C or when the flax is destroyed. And flax, as you know, is still used in plumbing work when sealing water pipes.

Extensive experience has been accumulated abroad in the use of this material. Mice do not eat it, they make passages in it and make their dwellings. To avoid this, appropriate measures are taken - in the form of installing a fine-mesh steel mesh, etc.

SCM FORUMHOUSE User

I believe that the use of sawdust is a very environmentally friendly way to insulate. The main thing is to follow the technology. It is better to fill up sawdust in layers, with careful tamping of each layer with a shovel handle.

Both industrial materials and “folk” materials have pros and cons. “Commercial” materials are already a finished product, with known properties and a certain installation technology, following which you can be sure of the final result. Eco-insulations are more of an experiment, with a possible lower cost (sawdust), you will have to sweat during installation. The construction itself can take time. Again, you can not guarantee 100% of the final result, because. we still have little experience in using such materials in different climatic zones.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude: any material has the right to life. It all depends on the area of ​​​​its application, the prevalence of one or another type of material in a particular area, its price, thermal characteristics, etc. Hence: when choosing a heater, first of all, it is necessary to build on economic calculation and the expediency of its use in the long term.

You should also check your tasks with our questionnaire:

• Where will the material be used?
• what is it for;
• what structure needs to be insulated.

Having puzzled with such questions, you will understand which material is suitable specifically for your case and specifically for your building.

Is there a universal heater

If you dream and imagine an “ideal” insulation, with a set of universal properties, then this will be a material whose various characteristics will not be stable - they must flexibly change depending on the operating conditions. In one situation, the material needs strength, high density, rigidity, clear geometry, and increased moisture resistance. In other conditions, it requires vapor transparency, low density (which means it will not work “in the ground”), workability in hard-to-reach places, flexibility, and good environmental friendliness. With all this, an affordable price for the masses remains important. It turns out mutually exclusive requirements. So it is hardly worth chasing after some special and new materials.

From our videos you will learn

When building a house, it is necessary to provide conditions for maintaining a certain microclimate, in which the air temperature is kept within 20–25 ° C, and humidity does not exceed 50–60%. At the same time, you need to take care of the energy efficiency of the building, which will significantly reduce heating costs. Thus, it is necessary to choose the right heat-insulating material for the walls, ceiling and floor of a wooden house, which will be able to maintain a comfortable microclimate both in harsh winters and in summer heat. To do this, you need to know well the features of each type of sealant and the rules for optimal selection. To do this, we have compiled a rating of the best materials based on expert and user reviews.

5 best heaters for the house of 2018-2019

When choosing one or another heat-insulating material, the buyer should pay attention to the following characteristics:

1. thermal conductivity― the most important indicator of a heater. The lower its value, the higher the ability of the material to retain heat indoors;
2. water absorption― ability of a heater to absorb moisture. This leads to a decrease in heat-shielding properties, so this value should be as low as possible;
3. soundproofing(many materials, along with thermal insulation, also provide protection against the penetration of extraneous sounds into the house, which will save on the purchase and installation of an additional layer of sound insulation);
4. environmental friendliness and biological safety- the insulation should not emit toxic and harmful substances, promote the formation of rot and mold, create conditions for attracting rodents and insects;
5. fire resistance― the most important characteristic increasing fire safety of your house;
6. strength And durability;
7. convenience when performing installation work.

Video: 10 popular home insulation mistakes

TOP 5 best heaters for home

Consider the best options for thermal insulation materials, as well as their positive and negative properties that must be considered when choosing. To do this, we analyzed the opinions of experts and user reviews.

1 Mineral wool

It is the most versatile material, as it can be used with equal success for both external and internal insulation. With the help of mineral wool, you can insulate almost any surface: walls, floors and roofs. Its advantages also include:

• extremely low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire resistance;
• affordable cost.

The fibrous structure of mineral wool, filled with air, is the best barrier to heat loss and the penetration of cold air masses into the house.

However, this material is not without some drawbacks - in particular, it has high level of hygroscopicity, therefore, to protect the mineral wool from moisture, it is necessary to carefully consider the water and steam removal system, using special insulating materials for this.

2 Styrofoam

Affordable, lightweight, waterproof material with excellent thermal insulation performance. The undoubted advantage of this material is its high resistance to the formation of rot or fungus. Polyfoam is one of the most convenient heaters that does not create problems during installation and further finishing. Equally good for warming:

• brick walls;
• tree;
• aerated concrete;
• siding possible.

And the waterproof properties of the foam allow it to be used in rooms with high humidity, for example, in sauna or bath.

But when choosing this popular heat-insulating material, one must take into account its significant disadvantages: poor sound insulation, fragility And flammability.

3 Extruded polystyrene foam (sandwich panel)

This material is indispensable for the insulation of window blocks, through which, as a rule, large heat losses occur. In addition to excellent thermal insulation properties, the sandwich panel enhances the aesthetic characteristics of window openings, giving them a complete look. The design of the panel consists of two thin PVC plates, between which a polystyrene sheet with a thickness of about 10 mm is laid. The advantages of such a heater:

• absolutely not afraid of moisture;
• not subject to rotting and mold formation.
• installation of sandwich panels takes a little time;
• differs in simplicity of the made operations;
• environmental friendliness and durability.

The only significant disadvantage of expanded polystyrene is high price, which does not allow them to take the first or even the second line of the rating.

4 Ecowool

This material is made from environmentally friendly raw materials - from paper waste. However, the degree of environmental friendliness for different manufacturers can vary significantly, since often the technological process involves the introduction of various chemical additives such as fungicides and antiseptics (prevent the development of microorganisms). When performing home insulation work, it is necessary to use special equipment with which a mixture of paper base and adhesive composition is applied to the walls. In this case, a homogeneous coating without cold bridges is formed, which is securely held on brick or wooden walls.

Thus, the disadvantages of using ecowool can be attributed only the need to use special devices.

5 Foam glass

Represents strong firm panels with cellular structure. In some countries, foam glass is used as the main building material for building walls, but in our country it is more often used for thermal insulation of brick or concrete walls. This material has a whole range of attractive characteristics, such as:

• heat and sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire resistance;
• moisture resistance;
• durability;
• immunity to chemical and biological influences.

Many experts consider this material to be one of the most effective heat insulators, however, the main obstacle to the widespread use of foam glass is its high price.

What insulation is better to buy for a house in 2018-2019?

When choosing a heat-insulating material, it should be understood that universal heaters do not exist. Each element of the building requires a completely different set of characteristics, most fully corresponding to one or another requirement. For example, it is better to insulate the roof with basalt and fiberglass slabs, and for the foundation it is better to use materials with increased moisture resistance such as extruded polystyrene foam.

The choice of insulation for walls also depends on which side, internal or external, the heat insulator layer will be located, what building material the walls are made of, what subsequent finishing is provided for by the project, what weather and climatic conditions prevail in the area. In addition, you should take into account your financial capabilities, since the purchase of insulation is a fairly significant cost item for building a house. The best way out in case of difficulties with the choice of insulation will be a consultation with a specialist who can take into account all the nuances that affect the provision of thermal protection at home.

You may be interested in:

• The best faucets for bath, kitchen, shower…

The traditional solution to the problem of heat loss in the house and maintaining a comfortable temperature regime is solved by modernizing and insulating door and window openings, as well as installing additional heating equipment. Along with these methods, the technology of wall surface insulation is increasingly being used.

And of course, it is impossible to carry out such a procedure without high-quality and effective materials. What do residents of apartments and houses, as well as contractors and repair teams most often choose?

Modern best wall insulation

In the process of choosing the most suitable one, one has to consider a rather extensive trade line represented by trading establishments.

The classification of this type of material is multifaceted and differs according to the following criteria:

Production Format

In the practice of wall insulation are used:

• Roll types of insulators
• Plate materials

Origin of raw materials for heaters

organic insulation materials. This category includes those heaters, the components of which are of natural origin. For example - wood, felt, jute, rubber, basalt, tow, cellulose.

Heaters of inorganic origin. This type includes materials created on the basis of artificial components and synthesized by a chemical method. Most often, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, and their other analogues are used for insulation.

Insulation structure

Another indicator is structural content. There are three categories in this classification:

Functional purpose

Heaters differ and are also classified according to the type of application:

• For insulation of the inner surface of the walls
• For external insulation of wall structures

Characteristics and properties of modern heaters

The practicality of each of the listed categories of wall insulation can be characterized by several parameters. In general, all their advantages have identical characteristics, which boil down to such advantages:

• Modern heaters for wall surfaces have enhanced thermal insulation properties. This is their main purpose and different types of these materials have these parameters to varying degrees.

This takes into account the coefficient of thermal conductivity - this is another important argument in choosing a heat insulator for the walls of the building. The lower this figure, the more efficient the insulation. This parameter ranges from 0.03 units for polyurethane foam (the most effective indicator) to 0.047 for mineral wool and polystyrene foam.

• The ability to accumulate moisture. The less the material accumulates moisture, the more efficient and durable it is. At the same time, the ability to repel excess moisture serves as a guarantor of the safety of the walls from fungal formations.
• Fire resistant. A very important argument. Some types of insulation are able to withstand temperatures up to +1000 degrees without damage to structural components.
• Excellent soundproofing properties
• Environmental requirements
• Long service life of the material
• Deformation resistance
• vapor barrier
• Resistance to biological factors

And, of course, as an addition to all the advantages of wall insulation, their cost appears in a favorable light. In addition, it is impossible not to mention such details as the speed of the insulation device with these materials and the low labor intensity of the work.

Characteristics of wall insulation

The best wall insulation

When laying and installing a heat insulator, it is necessary to take into account the configuration of the wall, its heat resistance, moisture permeability and thickness. Guided by these criteria, you should choose the material of insulation. But the features of each insulation do not always allow it to be used in certain situations.

Expanded polystyrene - the best insulation for walls from the inside

The best choice for internal insulation is the choice of expanded polystyrene. Due to its small thickness, it will not affect the change in the dimensions of the interior.

Specifications of expanded polystyrene

Polyurethane foam - the best insulation for walls outside

But for the insulation of walls outside, polyurethane foam is more suitable. It belongs to the category of sprayed materials, and therefore is simple and affordable in the process of insulation, it does not require much labor.

For spraying polyurethane foam, you will need to have special spray equipment.

It perfectly retains heat and does not conduct it in the opposite direction. In addition, this material is sprayed in a continuous sheet, which leads to the absence of joints and potential heat leakage points.

Polyurethane foam has a high degree of adhesion, which allows it to be used on wall surfaces made of any materials.

Specifications of polyurethane foam If you prefer organic insulation materials, then it is best to use mineral wool insulation. Known and proven is which make it one of the best thermal insulation materials.

A cheaper option is a foil insulation, the use of which is the most diverse, and the installation considered is easy and simple.

Which is better to buy wall insulation

Based on the characteristics, properties and functional purpose, it is necessary to choose a heater for walls, guided by practical considerations. For each case, one or another insulator may be more suitable.

You should not make a purchase guided by budgetary considerations, as this approach will level the effectiveness of insulation. But it is more important to choose an effective material that meets the desired criteria, thereby making the home more comfortable and heating costs lower.

Video about the best wall insulation

Of all the available heat-insulating materials for walls, two are singled out - polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. The attached videos indicate their characteristics, properties, as well as the pros and cons.

Advantages and disadvantages of expanded polystyrene.

Pros and cons of polyurethane foam.

The issue of building insulation is especially relevant today. On the one hand, there are no big problems with the purchase of thermal insulation material - the construction market offers many options. On the other hand, it is this diversity that gives rise to the problem - which insulation to choose?

What it is?

The problem of thermal insulation of modern buildings (especially urban new buildings) is especially acute today. Thermal insulation are structural elements that reduce the heat transfer rates of materials and the structure (unit) as a whole.

Thermal insulation is also understood as a process that prevents the thermal energy of the structure (refrigeration equipment, heating mains, etc.) and buildings from mixing with the external environment. In other words, the heat-insulating layer has the effect of a thermos.

Thermal insulation provides a comfortable indoor climate, keeping it warm in the cold season and protecting it from excessive heating on hot days.

Using insulation, you can reduce electricity costs by up to 30-40%. In addition, modern heat-insulating materials for the most part have sound-proofing properties. A fairly common practice in the construction of a private house is the use of materials that are both an insulating and a structural element of walls and ceilings.

Depending on the thermal conductivity, the following classes of thermal insulation materials are distinguished:

• class A– materials with low thermal conductivity within 0.06 W/m kV. and below;
• class B- materials with an average thermal conductivity, the indicators of which are 0.06 - 0.115 W / m kV .;
• class C- materials with high thermal conductivity equal to 0.115 -0.175 W / m kV.

There are many ways to install insulation, but they all belong to one of these technologies:

• Monolithic wall- is a brick or wooden partition, the thickness of which for thermal efficiency must be at least 40 cm (depending on the region).
• Multi-layer "pie"- a method in which the insulation is located inside the wall, between the outer and outer partitions. The implementation of this method is possible only at the construction stage or when facing the facade with brickwork (if the strength of the foundation allows or if there is a separate foundation for laying).

• External insulation- one of the most popular methods due to its effectiveness, which involves covering the outer walls with insulation, after which they are closed with facade materials. The organization of a ventilated facade allows increasing the thermal insulation performance, when an air gap is maintained between the wall with insulation and the facade finish. The method necessarily involves the use of vapor-permeable and waterproof coatings and films.
• Internal insulation- one of the most difficult and less effective than the external method of insulation. Assumes the insulation of surfaces from the inside of the building.

Characteristics

All types of heaters are characterized by certain properties. The following are common:

• Low thermal conductivity. Thermal efficiency indicators are the main ones when choosing a heater. The lower the thermal conductivity coefficient (measured in W / (m × K) shows the amount of thermal energy passing through 1 m3 of dry insulation at a temperature difference of 10 ° C), the less heat loss the material has. The warmest is polyurethane foam, which has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.03. The average values ​​are about 0.047 (thermal conductivity index of expanded polystyrene, mineral wool grade P-75).
• Hygroscopicity. That is, the ability of the insulation to absorb moisture. High-quality insulation does not absorb moisture or absorbs its minimum amount. Otherwise, wetting of the material cannot be avoided, which means the loss of the main property (thermal efficiency).
• Vapor barrier. The ability to pass water vapor, thereby ensuring the optimal level of humidity in the room and keeping walls or other work surfaces dry.

• Fire resistance. Another important characteristic of the heat-insulating material is resistance to fire. Some materials have a high fire hazard, their combustion temperature can reach 1000 degrees (for example, basalt wool), while others are extremely unstable to high temperatures (polystyrene foam). Modern heaters are mostly self-extinguishing materials. The appearance of an open fire on their surface is almost impossible, and if it does occur, the burning time does not exceed 10 seconds. During combustion, no toxins are released, the mass of the material during combustion is reduced by at least 50%.

When talking about fire resistance, combustion toxicity is usually mentioned. The optimal material is that, even when heated, does not emit dangerous toxic compounds.

• Environmental friendliness. Environmental safety is especially important for materials used indoors. The key to environmental friendliness is usually the naturalness of the composition. So, for example, basalt insulation, which is considered safe from the point of view of environmental friendliness, is made from recycled rocks, expanded clay is made from sintered clay.
• soundproof characteristics. Not all thermal insulation materials can be used for sound insulation. However, most of them have both of these properties, for example, mineral wool insulation, polyurethane foam. But the widely used polystyrene foam does not give the effect of sound insulation.
• Biostability. Another criterion that is important for the buyer is biostability, that is, the resistance of the material to the effects of mold, fungus, the appearance of other microorganisms, rodents. The strength and integrity of the material, and hence its durability, directly depend on biostability.

• Deformation resistance. The insulation must withstand loads, since it can be located on the surface of the floor, loaded structural elements, between partitions. All this dictates the requirements for its resistance to loads and deformations. Resistance largely depends on the density and thickness of the material.
• Durability. The duration of operation largely depends on the thermal efficiency, wet strength, vapor permeability and biostability of the material. For high-quality products (for example, polyurethane foam, basalt wool) a fairly long, up to 50 years, warranty is given. Another factor of durability is compliance with the installation technology and operating conditions.

• Ease of installation and installation. Most heaters have a convenient form of release - in mats, rolls, sheets. Some of them are easily fixed on the insulated surface without requiring special skills and equipment (foam sheets), while others require compliance with certain installation conditions (for example, when working with mineral wool insulation, it is necessary to protect the respiratory system, hands).

There are also types of heaters, the installation of which is possible only by specialists with special equipment (for example, polyurethane foam is sprayed with a special unit, the employee must use a protective suit, goggles and a respirator).

Types of jobs

Thermal insulation is understood as the process of reducing heat losses to the calculated values ​​(individual for each region and objects). This term is similar to the concept of "thermal insulation", which means the protection of an object from the negative exchange of thermal energy with the air. In other words, the task of thermal insulation works is to maintain the specified temperature indicators of the object.

The object may mean residential and administrative buildings, industrial and engineering structures, medical and refrigeration equipment.

If we talk about the thermal insulation of residential and industrial premises, then it can be external (another name is facade insulation) and internal.

Thermal insulation of the outer walls of residential buildings is always preferable to thermal insulation of the internal parts. This is due to the fact that external thermal insulation turns out to be more effective, while internal always remains 8-15% of heat loss.

In addition, the “dew point” during internal insulation shifts inside the insulation, which is fraught with dampness, an increase in the level of humidity in the room, the appearance of mold on the walls, the destruction of the wall surface, and the finish. In other words, the room is still cold (since damp insulation cannot prevent heat loss), but damp.

Finally, the installation of insulation from the inside takes up space, reducing the useful area of ​​​​the room.

At the same time, there are situations when internal thermal insulation remains the only possible way to normalize the temperature. To avoid the unpleasant consequences of thermal insulation allows strict adherence to installation technologies. Be sure to take care of the vapor and waterproofing of surfaces, as well as high-quality ventilation. A standard supply system is usually not enough, it is required to install a forced air circulation system or use windows with special valves that provide air exchange.

To increase the efficiency of the external insulation, they resort to organizing a ventilated facade system or a three-layer system. In the first case, an air gap is maintained between the insulation and the facing material mounted on a special frame. The three-layer system is wall coverings erected by the well method, between which insulation (expanded clay, perlite, ecowool) is poured.

As for the finish, the facade can be insulated both “wet” (construction mixes are used) and “dry” facade (fasteners are used) facade.

Often the room requires not only insulation, but also soundproofing. In this case, it is more convenient to use materials that immediately have both heat and sound insulation properties.

Speaking about the insulation of a house inside or outside, it is important to understand that walls are far from the only source of heat loss. In this regard, it is necessary to isolate unheated attics and basements. When using an attic, you should consider a system of multi-layer insulated roofing.

When carrying out internal thermal insulation work, great attention should be paid to the joints between the floor and the wall, the wall and the ceiling, the wall and the partitions. It is in these places that “cold bridges” are most often formed.

In other words, regardless of the type of work performed, it is important to remember that thermal insulation requires an integrated approach.

Variety of materials

All heaters, depending on the raw materials used, are divided into:

• organic(have an environmentally friendly composition - waste from agricultural, woodworking industries, the presence of cement and some types of polymers is acceptable);
• inorganic.

There are also products of a mixed type.

Depending on the principle of operation, heaters are:

• reflective type- reduces heat consumption by directing thermal energy back into the room (for this, the insulation is equipped with a metallized or foil element);
• warning type- are characterized by low thermal conductivity, preventing the release of a large amount of thermal energy beyond the insulated surface.

Let us consider in more detail the most popular types of organic heaters:

Ecowool

Considered cellulose insulation, 80% consists of recycled cellulose. It is an environmentally friendly material with low thermal conductivity, good vapor permeability and sound insulation.

To reduce the combustibility of the material and increase its biostability, the addition of fire retardants and antiseptics to the raw materials allows.

The material is poured into the inter-wall spaces, it is possible to spray onto flat surfaces using a dry or wet method.

Jute

A modern substitute for tow, traditionally used to reduce the heat loss of inter-crown cracks in buildings made of timber. It is produced in the form of tapes or ropes, in addition to high thermal efficiency, does not require replacement even after shrinkage of the walls.

Chipboard

Insulation, 80-90% consisting of small chips. The remaining components are resins, fire retardants, water repellents. It differs not only in good heat and sound insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly, durable.

Despite the treatment with water repellents, it still does not have high wet strength.

Cork

Heat insulator based on cork oak bark, produced in the form of rolls or sheets. It is used only as an internal insulation. It acts as a base for wallpaper, laminate and other floor coverings. It can be used as an independent top coat due to its unusual, but noble appearance. Often they insulate panel houses from the inside.

In addition to thermal efficiency, it provides sound insulation and a decorative effect. The material is hygroscopic, so it can only be mounted on dry surfaces.

Arbolit

Represents blocks from wood-shaving concrete. Thanks to the wood in the composition, it has heat and sound insulating abilities, while the presence of concrete provides moisture resistance, resistance to damage and strength of the material. It is used both as a heater and as independent building blocks. Widely used as a material for frame-panel structures.

The modern market of inorganic thermal insulation materials is somewhat wider:

Styrofoam

Two of its modifications are known - foamed (otherwise - foam plastic) and extruded. It is a set of combined bubbles filled with air. The extruded material is characterized by the fact that each air cavity is isolated from the next.

Polyfoam is suitable for external and internal insulation, characterized by high thermal insulation performance. It is not vapor permeable, therefore it requires a reliable vapor barrier. It is worth noting the low moisture resistance of the foam, which makes it mandatory to install hydroprotection.

In general, the material is affordable, lightweight, easy to cut and install (glue). For the needs of the buyer, the material plates are produced in various dimensions and thicknesses. The latter directly affects the thermal conductivity.

At first glance, foam is a worthy option for insulation. However, it should be remembered that during operation it releases toxic styrene. The most dangerous thing is that the material is subject to combustion. Moreover, the fire rapidly covers the foam, in the process of increasing temperatures, compounds dangerous to human health are released. This was the reason for the ban on the use of foam for residential decoration in some European countries.

Styrofoam is not durable. Already 5-7 years after its use, destructive changes in the structure are detected - cracks and cavities appear. Naturally, even small damages cause tangible heat loss.

Finally, mice love this material enough - they gnaw it, which also does not contribute to long-term operation.

Extruded polystyrene foam is an improved version of styrofoam. And, although its thermal conductivity is slightly higher, the material shows the best indicators of wet strength and fire resistance.

polyurethane foam

Heat insulating material sprayed on the surface. It has the best indicators of thermal efficiency, thanks to the installation method, it forms a uniform hermetic layer on the surface, fills all cracks and seams. This becomes a guarantee of the absence of "cold bridges".

During the spraying process, the material releases toxic components, therefore it is applied only in a protective suit and respirator. As it solidifies, the toxins evaporate, therefore, during operation, the material demonstrates complete environmental safety.

Another advantage is incombustibility, even under the influence of high temperatures, the material does not emit hazardous compounds.

Among the shortcomings, low vapor permeability values ​​can be distinguished, which is why the material is not even recommended to be applied to wooden substrates.

This method of application does not allow to achieve a perfectly even surface, so the use of a contact finish (painting, plastering) is almost always excluded. Leveling (as well as removing a layer of polyurethane foam) is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. The solution will be the use of hinged structures.

Penofol

Universal insulation based on foamed polyethylene. The air chambers from which the material is formed provide low thermal conductivity. The main difference between penofol is the presence of a foil layer on one side, which reflects up to 97% of thermal energy without heating up.

In addition to high thermal insulation values, it demonstrates soundproofing properties. Finally, it does not require the use of vapor barrier and waterproof coatings, it is easy to install.

Among the shortcomings is a higher cost, but it is offset by the impressive heat resistance of the product. Its use allows you to reduce heating costs by a third.

Despite the strength of the material, it is not intended for wallpapering or applying plaster over it. Penofol will not withstand the load and will collapse, so the walls treated with it are closed with drywall. Finishing is already done on it. It can act as a heater not only for walls, but also for the ceiling and floor.

Penofol is an excellent substrate for most floor coverings, as well as a floor heating system.

Fiberboard

It is a wood-based board bonded with a cement composition. Usually used for exterior decoration, they can act as an independent building material.

They are characterized by heat and noise insulation properties, however, they have considerable weight (it is necessary to strengthen the foundation and load-bearing structures), as well as low moisture resistance.

Liquid ceramic insulation

Relatively new insulating material. Outwardly, it resembles acrylic paint (it is applied, by the way, in the same way), which contains vacuumized bubbles. Thanks to them, a thermal insulation effect becomes possible (according to the manufacturers, a layer of 1 mm replaces brickwork one and a half bricks thick).

Ceramic insulation does not require a subsequent layer of finishing and copes well with the function of a finishing material. It is mainly used indoors, since it does not take up usable space.

The wet-resistant layer prolongs the service life of the coating and makes it possible to wet clean it. The material is fire-resistant, non-combustible, moreover, it prevents the spread of flame.

Mineral wool insulation

This type of insulation is distinguished by a fibrous structure - the material is a randomly arranged fibers. Between the latter, air bubbles accumulate, the presence of which provides a heat-insulating effect.

Available in the form of mats, rolls, sheets. Due to the ability to easily restore and retain its shape, the material is easy to transport and store.- it is rolled up and packed in compact boxes, and then it easily takes on a given shape and size. Sheet material is usually thinner than other options.

As a facade coating, tiles, wall panels, siding, corrugated board for external cladding and clapboard or drywall (as cladding) for interior are usually used.

When working, you must take care of the presence of a respirator. During installation, material particles rise into the air. Once in the lungs, they irritate the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

Depending on the raw materials used, 3 types of mineral wool are distinguished - based on slag, glass and basalt fibers.

The first type of insulation has high thermal conductivity and the ability to absorb moisture, it is combustible and short-lived, and therefore is rarely used for insulation.

Fiberglass demonstrates the best thermal insulation characteristics, the combustion temperature is 500 degrees. The material does not burn, but shrinks when exposed to temperatures above those indicated.

The material, according to the description of users of biostacks, has an affordable price. Due to its elasticity, it is suitable for finishing buildings and structures of complex shapes and configurations. Among the disadvantages are low water resistance (high-quality waterproofing is required), the ability to release toxic compounds (because of this, it is used mainly for external insulation or requires reliable protection).

Thin and long fibers of glass wool dig into the skin, causing irritation. Finally, having an amorphous component (glass) in its composition, glass wool shrinks, gradually thinning during operation, which causes a decrease in thermal insulation properties.

Basalt wool is obtained during the melting of rocks (basalt, dolomite). Fibers are drawn from the semi-liquid raw material, which are then subjected to pressing and short-term heating. The result is a durable vapor-permeable insulation with low thermal conductivity.

Stone wool is treated with special impregnations, due to which it becomes resistant to moisture. It is an environmentally friendly, non-combustible material with a wide range of applications.

Warm plaster

Plaster and finishing mixture, which contains particles of such heat-insulating materials as perlite, vermiculite.

It has good adhesion, fills cracks and joints, takes the desired shape. Performs 2 functions at once - heat-insulating and decorative. Depending on the place of use, it can be on a cement (for exterior) or gypsum (for interior) bases.

Foam glass

The basis of the material is recycled glass, which is fired in high-temperature furnaces to the state of sintering. The result is a heater, characterized by moisture resistance, high fire safety and biostability.

Possessing record strength indicators among other heaters, the material is easily cut, mounted, and plastered. Release form - blocks.

Vermiculite

It is a loose insulation on a natural basis (processed rocks - mica). They are distinguished by fire resistance (melting point - at least 1000 degrees), vapor permeability and moisture resistance, do not deform and do not settle during operation. Even when wet up to 15%, it is able to maintain its thermal insulation properties.

It is poured into inter-wall spaces or on flat surfaces (for example, an attic) for thermal insulation. Given the high cost of vermiculite, such a method of insulation will not be cheap, so it can often be found as part of warm plasters. In this way, it is possible to reduce the cost of raw materials for thermal insulation, but not to lose the brilliant technical properties of the material.

Expanded clay

Loose insulation known since ancient times. It is based on a special clay, which is sintered in the process of high-temperature firing. The result is extremely light "pebbles" (as well as crushed stone and sand), which have high thermal insulation qualities. The material does not deform, is bioresistant, but extremely hygroscopic.

Expanded polystyrene in granules

The same air capsules that form the basis of polystyrene foam boards. True, here they are not fastened together and are delivered in bags. They have the same characteristics as polystyrene foam boards - low thermal conductivity, low weight, high fire hazard, lack of vapor permeability.

For insulation, the material should not be poured into voids, but sprayed with a compressor. This is the only way to increase the density of the material, and therefore, to increase its insulating ability.

Penoizol

Outwardly, it looks like small flakes (the material has a finer fraction compared to expanded polystyrene granules, softer). The basis is natural resins. The main advantages are low thermal conductivity, moisture resistance and vapor permeability, fire resistance. It is usually used for walls and ceilings, which are sprayed with special equipment.

Manufacturers

There are a large number of thermal insulation materials on the market today. Choosing the best products is not easy, especially if you are not at all familiar with the brands offered.

However, there are manufacturers whose products are a priori of high quality. Among them is the Danish manufacturer of stone wool Rockwool. The product line is quite wide - a lot of materials of different forms of release, dimensions and density. The most popular is 10 cm cotton wool for outdoor decoration.

Among the most famous lines:

• "Light Batts"- material for warming private houses made of wood;
• "Light Batts Scandik"- material for warming private houses made of stone, concrete, brick;
• "Acustik Batts"- material with improved soundproofing performance, used for insulation of office buildings, shopping and entertainment facilities, industrial facilities.

The rating of manufacturers of mineral wool materials is also invariably headed by the French company Isover. In the product line, you can find a fairly rigid material that is laid on flat horizontal surfaces and does not require fasteners, as well as two-layer facade counterparts. Universal heaters, options for pitched roofs, as well as mats with improved sound insulation characteristics are in demand.

Most of the products are supplied in 7 and 14 meter rolls, the thickness of which is 5-10 cm.

High-class heat and sound-proof materials are produced under the brand name Ursa. On sale you can find the following types of heaters:

• Ursa Geo a series of mats and rolls of various hardness for thermal insulation of all parts of the house, including basements and attics;
• "Ursa Tetra"- plates characterized by high strength and the presence of additional hydrophobic impregnation;
• "Ursa Pure One"- soft fiberglass, the connecting component of which is acrylic. Due to the environmental friendliness of the material, it is suitable for use in hospitals and childcare facilities;
• "Ursa XPS" represents expanded polystyrene plates of the increased rigidity.

The well-known German quality is demonstrated by German-made Knauf products. All the variety of manufactured products can be attributed to one of the series - "Knauf Insulation" (materials for professional insulation of multi-storey residential buildings, hospitals, administrative institutions) or "Heat Knauf" (materials for insulation of private houses).

Brand heaters are considered an excellent solution for organizing a ventilated facade. Izovol. The plates have sufficient rigidity to withstand loads, have moisture-resistant impregnation, and are additionally reinforced with fiberglass. The most popular are the following product lines:

• general technical thermal insulation (universal insulation for the attic and roof, walls, floor);
• technological cylinders and mats with a moisture-resistant foil layer for pipeline insulation;
• slab insulation for the manufacture of sandwich panels;
• heat-insulating mats with improved sound insulation performance.

The leading domestic manufacturer of heaters is the TekhnoNIKOL company. The main direction of production is the production of basalt wool and polystyrene foam insulation. The material is not deformed, withstands heavy loads, has increased soundproofing properties.

Depending on the type of products, the density and thermal conductivity of the material changes. The following types of TechnoNIKOL products are distinguished:

• "Rocklight"- plates with increased strength characteristics and intended for warming a private house;
• "Technoblock"- a material suitable for the installation of facades, acts simultaneously as a structural element and insulation;

• "Teploroll"– mats of an elongated rectangular shape with a reduced content of phenol in the composition;
• "Technoacoustic"- a heat insulator with improved sound insulation performance (reduces noise up to 60 dB), used for soundproofing offices, entertainment facilities.

A worthy place in the ranking of manufacturers of materials for insulation is occupied by the Belarusian company Beltep. Products are only slightly inferior in quality to European counterparts, but have a more affordable cost. Among the advantages - a special hydrophobic impregnation, increased soundproofing qualities.

If you are looking for high-quality and relatively environmentally friendly expanded polystyrene, then you should pay attention to brand products "Europlex". The manufacturer's line includes both foamed and extruded polystyrene foam. The density of the material varies between 30 - 45 kg / m³, depending on the type of product.

There are several size options to choose from. So, the length of products can be 240, 180 and 120 cm, width - 50 or 60 cm, thickness - 3-5 cm.

Extruded polystyrene foam is also distinguished by high strength and increased wet strength. "Penoplex". The experiments carried out demonstrate the frost resistance of the material. Even after 1000 freeze/thaw cycles, the thermal efficiency of the material is reduced by no more than 5%.

As you know, expanded styrene is the cheapest insulation, and since both companies are domestic, we can talk about significant savings.

How to choose?

When choosing a heat-insulating material, it is important to focus on the material from which the walls or other surfaces to be insulated are made.

• For wooden walls, a related cellulose insulation, fiberglass or stone wool is suitable. True, it is necessary to carefully consider the waterproofing system. Jute will help close the interventional gaps. For frame-panel buildings, fiber cement slabs or wood concrete blocks can be used, which will act as structural elements of the walls. Between them, you can fill in bulk insulation (expanded clay, ecowool).
• For external insulation, foam styrene heaters, mineral wool are well suited. When facing such buildings with bricks, it is permissible to fill in expanded clay, perlite, ecowool formed between the facade and the main wall. Well proven polyurethane foam.

• For internal insulation of brick buildings, mineral wool insulation is traditionally used, which are sewn up with plasterboard sheets.
• Concrete surfaces with the worst thermal insulation performance are recommended to be insulated on both sides - external and internal. For external insulation, it is better to choose a ventilated facade system. Warm plaster or hinged panels, siding are suitable as finishing materials. For interior decoration, you can use cork insulation, a thin layer of expanded polystyrene or mineral wool, decorated with drywall.

How to calculate?

Different heaters have different thicknesses, and it is very important to calculate the required insulation parameters before making a purchase. Too thin a layer of insulation will not cope with heat loss, and will also cause the “dew point” to shift inside the room.

An excess layer will not only lead to an unjustified load on the supporting structures and an inappropriate financial expense, but will also cause a violation of the humidity in the room, a temperature imbalance between different rooms.

To calculate the required thickness of the material, it is necessary to set the resistance coefficient of all materials used (insulation, waterproofing, facing layer, etc.).

Another important point is the determination of the material from which the wall is made, since this also directly affects the thickness of the insulation.

Given the type of wall material, conclusions can be drawn about its thermal conductivity and thermal properties. These characteristics can be found in SNiP 2-3-79.

The density of the heat-insulating material may be different, but most often products with a density in the range of 0.6-1000 kg / m 3 are used.

Most modern high-rise buildings are built of concrete blocks, which has the following (important for calculating the thickness of the insulation) indicators:

• GSOP (calculated in degrees-days during the heating season) - 6000.
• Heat transfer resistance - from 3.5 C / m kV. /W (walls), from 6 C/m kV. / W (ceiling).

To bring the heat transfer resistance values ​​for walls and ceilings to the appropriate parameters (3.5 and 6 S/m kV./W), formulas must be used:

• walls: R=3.5-R walls;
• ceiling: R=6-R ceiling.

After the difference is found, the required thickness of the insulation can be calculated. This will help the formula p \u003d R * k, in which p will be the desired thickness indicator, k is the thermal conductivity of the insulation used. If the result is not a round (integer) number, then it should be rounded up.

If self-calculations using formulas seem rather complicated to you, you can use special calculators. They take into account all important calculation criteria. The user only needs to fill in the required fields.

It is best to use those calculators that are created by reputable manufacturers of thermal insulation materials. So, one of the most accurate is the calculator, the developers of which were the Rockwool brand.

• Modern mineral wool insulation is supplied in rolls, mats and sheets. The last 2 delivery options are preferable, since they are easier to join without forming gaps and cracks.
• When installing slab insulation, make sure that their width is 1.5-2 cm greater than the distance between the subsystem profiles. Otherwise, there will be a gap between the heat insulator and the profile, which risks turning into a "cold bridge".
• Warming, which will be preceded by diagnostics, will be much more effective and efficient. To carry it out, use a thermal imager to determine the main areas of "leakage" of heat. This recommendation becomes relevant especially when insulating the internal parts of the building.

• Having identified the main points of heat loss (usually the corners of buildings, the floor or ceiling on the first and last floors, end walls), sometimes it is enough to insulate only them to achieve the optimum temperature in the room.
• Regardless of the method of insulation and the material used, the surface should be carefully prepared - it should be smooth and clean. All existing joints and cracks should be sealed with cement mortar, bumps should be beaten off, communication elements should be removed.
• The final stage of the preparatory work will be the application of a primer in 2-3 layers. It will provide an antiseptic effect, as well as improve the adhesion of surfaces.

• When using lathing from metal profiles, make sure that they have an anti-corrosion coating. Wooden logs for the frame are also subject to treatment with fire retardants and water repellents.
• Mineral wool and felt heaters are stacked in several layers. Coincidence of joints between layers of different layers is unacceptable.
• Most glued insulation (polystyrene foam, mineral wool) need additional fixation with dowels. The latter are attached in the center of the insulating sheet, as well as at 2-3 points along the edges.

• Despite the similarity of liquid ceramics with paint, it cannot be applied with an airbrush and similar devices. Thus, it is possible to damage the ceramic shell, which means depriving the composition of heat-insulating properties. It is better to apply the mixture with a brush or roller.
• If necessary, to give the treated surface a certain shade, ceramic insulation can be diluted with acrylic paint. Apply the composition in 4-5 layers, waiting for each of the coatings to dry.
• Fixing the cork coating can only be carried out on perfectly flat surfaces, otherwise a "cold bridge" will form in the space between the coating and the wall, and condensate will begin to accumulate. If it is impossible to level the walls by plastering, a solid plasterboard frame is mounted, on which a “cork” is glued. For its fastening, special glue is required.

When using foam, it is important to thoroughly clean the surface of the walls from traces of old paint, solvents. It is important to exclude contact of the insulation with gasoline and acetone, since they dissolve polystyrene foam.

Each part of the building needs its own insulation.

• For sloped roof high density basalt slabs are recommended. Expanded polystyrene plates can also be used, but in this case it is important to ensure high-quality ventilation. If installation speed is important, spray polyurethane foam, a cheaper option is ecowool. The layer thickness is usually 100 mm.
• For an unheated attic expanded clay or other bulk materials can be used. A more affordable option is dry sawdust mixed with slaked lime in a ratio of 8: 2. Perlite granules, ecowool or slab insulation are also suitable. The layer thickness when using bulk materials should be at least 200 mm, for plate heaters 100 mm is enough.

• Wall insulation more often produced by means of foam, mineral wool, polyurethane foam spraying or ecowool. You should choose them based on the features of the structure and your own financial capabilities. The most affordable will be polystyrene, more expensive options - mineral wool and polyurethane foam.
• Floor insulation- the question is multi-valued. In a house with a low subfloor, it is more logical to carry out thermal insulation on the ground using bulk materials. Expanded polystyrene is suitable for a concrete screed, if the ceiling height allows - you can fill up with expanded clay (for insulation with expanded polystyrene, 50 mm of layer thickness is enough, while when using expanded clay - at least 200 mm). As a heater between the lags, any material is suitable. The technology is similar to attic insulation.
• For foundation and plinth polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam are applicable. An important nuance is that both materials are destroyed by the action of sunlight, which must be taken into account when insulating the basement.

Insulation for the internal walls of the house is a rather urgent issue for summer cottages, because their walls are usually quite thin and do not retain heat well. To reduce the cost of heating a country house, it is necessary to properly insulate the structure. If external insulation is not possible due to the design features of the building, then thermal insulation is made from the inside. When choosing a heater for walls inside a house in a country house, not only the price of the material is taken into account, but also its characteristics, installation features.

The choice of insulation for interior work is huge, but not all materials can be used for thermal insulation of walls. Source strodom.ru

Advantages and disadvantages of internal insulation

This type of insulation has several disadvantages:

• Due to the size of the insulation, the useful area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room is reduced - for small rooms this is especially critical.
• Due to the displacement of the dew point (condensate), if the technology is not followed, condensation and mold may appear on the walls.
• The premises may not be used during work.
• Cheap wall insulation can adversely affect human health.

But it is this method that many prefer, which is explained by the positive aspects of internal insulation:

• Work can be carried out regardless of weather conditions, which allows you to warm the room several times faster.
• The technology of internal insulation is cheaper than external.
• It becomes possible to align the walls and change the interior of the room.

The shift of the dew point during internal wall insulation leads to the accumulation of condensate Source sovet-ingenera.com

The formation of condensation on the walls is the main problem of internal insulation. There are several methods to solve it:

• use a high-quality vapor barrier membrane;
• choose a heat-insulating material with a minimum thermal conductivity;
• as a finishing material it is better to use moisture-resistant drywall;
• organize additional ventilation in the room.

How to choose the right heater

The choice of heat-insulating material is influenced by the characteristics of the room and the budget for the upcoming work.

Most often used for interior work:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• penoplex;
• ecowool;
• sprayed materials.

When choosing a material for the internal insulation of a country house, a number of parameters should be taken into account:

• Thermal conductivity of the insulation- the lower this indicator, the better.
• Frost resistance- summer cottages are not constantly heated in winter, so low temperatures will inevitably affect the insulation.
• Durability- having saved on insulation, you may be faced with the need to replace the heat insulator after 4–5 years.
• Environmental friendliness- the material for internal insulation should not emit harmful substances.

In addition, the compatibility of the insulation with the material from which the walls are made is also taken into account. The calculation of the thickness of the insulation is carried out based on the thermal conductivity of the material itself, as well as the thickness and type of the walls to be insulated.

Often there is a temptation to choose the cheapest insulation for walls inside the house in the country, not really delving into the study of its characteristics and making preliminary calculations. This approach leads to disappointment with the results of thermal insulation, the appearance of additional problems in the form of mold, fungus, and condensate.

The main problem with improper internal insulation is mold formation Source alayam.com

But it also makes no sense to purchase the most expensive insulation, to make several additional layers to insulate walls in the country. To find the golden mean, to make competent calculations will help professionals who encounter such work regularly. A competent choice of insulation for interior work, compliance with technology is a real way to save money.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool for wall insulation inside the house is one of the most popular and common materials.

Mineral wool is the most popular material for insulation Source eurodach.lutsk.ua

It is a fibrous material. The fibers are formed by pulverizing certain types of slag or basalt. Thanks to this production technology, the material is environmentally friendly, natural.

Properties of mineral wool

Cotton wool does not burn, which is important when used in wooden houses.

Characteristics of different types of mineral wool Source pro-uteplenie.ru

This heater has several other advantages:

• Resistance to biological organisms. Does not promote the formation of fungus and mold.
• Good soundproof characteristics. Randomly superimposed fibers of mineral wool perfectly delay sound waves.
• It is not subject to shrinkage, which retains the properties of this type of insulation throughout the entire service life.
• The ability to pass air, which allows you to maintain a healthy microclimate in the room.

The correct functioning of the insulation is possible only in combination with additional moisture insulating materials. When exposed to water, mineral wool loses some of its thermal insulation properties. Over time, mineral wool is able to disintegrate into fibers, which requires replacement of the heat insulator

It should be borne in mind that mice and other small rodents can arrange nests and passages in glass wool. Therefore, the country house must be protected from rodents before insulation.

Mice have chosen glass wool for nesting Source ecousadba.org

Features of mineral wool insulation: the need for additional materials

It is necessary to work with cotton using personal protective equipment - small particles of fibers can get on the mucous membranes and cause irritation.

With such insulation, the finishing material for wall decoration is drywall. For its fastening to the wall, a metal profile and suspensions are used. Warming is carried out in the following order:

• Waterproofing is fixed to the wall - any rolled material will do. With the help of a construction stapler, the waterproofing is attached to the wall, at the joints the material is laid with an overlap of about 15 cm.
• Vertical markings are applied to the wall in increments of 60 cm for the convenience of attaching drywall sheets (its standard width is 120 cm).
• After marking, metal suspensions are attached to the wall - dowel-nails are used for this.
• Mineral wool is put on suspensions, the entire wall is consistently filled.
• After that, metal profiles are attached to the suspensions, and a vapor barrier film is attached to them.
• With the help of self-tapping screws, drywall sheets are attached, the joints are puttied.

The result is an insulated wall, ready for fine finishing. It can be both puttying and painting, and wallpapering.

The cost of mineral wool

Mineral wool is a relatively cheap insulation. Sold in slabs or rolls. Standard board sizes:

• 800x600 mm;
• 1000x600 mm;
• 1 200x600 mm;
• 1170x610 mm;
• 1250x610 mm.

The material in rolls can be selected in various lengths - from 5 to 12 m.

Cost per 1 sq. m of mineral wool is:

• 50 mm thick - from 50 to 100 rubles;
• 100 mm thick - from 105 to 210 rubles.

When choosing mineral wool, it is necessary to take into account not only the dimensions of the plates, the thickness of the insulation, but also the need for additional materials necessary for installation work.

Styrofoam

Budget material, almost 98% air. 2% falls on the main component of raw materials - polystyrene. It can be used as a heater for walls outside the house in the country and from the inside.

Foam specifications Source probalcony.ru

Properties and advantages of foam

Among the advantages of this material:

• Versatility and ease of installation. This material is used for insulation of any structures. It is easy to cut, installation does not take much time.
• Low price. One of the cheapest heaters.
• Safety. During operation, it does not form dust and harmful fumes. You can work with it without protective equipment.

However, polystyrene is a combustible material, in direct contact with fire, the sheets light up easily, and the release of harmful substances begins.

Advice! It is undesirable to insulate wooden buildings with foam plastic.

Does not pass steam, practically does not absorb moisture. A significant disadvantage is the attractiveness for rodents. Rats and mice easily make moves in foam plastic, equip holes.

One of the disadvantages of polystyrene is flammability Source depstroi.ru

Features of wall insulation with foam

Instead of guide metal profiles, you can use wooden blocks. This method is very convenient when working with foam. The thickness of the foam sheet should be equal to the thickness of the bars, which will be guides for attaching insulation between them.

Depending on the width of the foam, the step of fixing the bars to the wall is selected. Waterproofing is fixed on the surface of the entire resulting structure. Styrofoam sheets are tightly inserted into the resulting recesses between the timber - this avoids additional fixation. If necessary, the joints are filled with mounting foam.

Video description

In this video, we will dwell on the insulation of the house with foam plastic. How safe is polystyrene foam:

After filling the entire wall with insulation, it is closed with a protective vapor barrier. Plywood sheets are fixed on top, the joints are puttied - the surface is ready for finishing.

Wall insulated with foam plastic Source stroyday.ru

Cost, foam dimensions

Standard sizes of foam sheets:

• 1000x600 mm;
• 1200x600 mm.

The thickness can vary from 20 to 100 mm. The cost of foam depends on the density of the material, manufacturer and region.

You can buy foam plastic 50 mm thick in Moscow from 50 rubles per 1 sq. m.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Thermal insulation material, the basis of which is polystyrene, as in polystyrene. But thanks to the manufacturing technology, penoplex, technolex and other similar materials have better performance characteristics than their counterparts.

Comparison of the characteristics of foam and extruded polystyrene foam Source klub-masterov.ru

Main advantages:

• perfectly retains heat in the room;
• due to its small thickness, when insulating walls inside the room, it practically does not reduce the usable area;
• light weight and ease of installation - properties similar to foam;
• environmental friendliness - does not emit toxic substances and does not require protective equipment during installation work;
• availability - the material is relatively inexpensive.

This material is universal, used as insulation for walls outside the house in the country, from the inside, for the floor and ceiling.

Video description

The video shows tests of foam for strength, fire safety in real conditions:

Foam insulation

Another popular insulation for walls inside the house is penoplex, the price and quality of which attract buyers with its good ratio.

This material can be attached to the wall without additional preparation. It does not need waterproofing, since it does not let water through, but some experts argue that the film will not be superfluous. Due to its small thickness, it can be fastened with glue or dowels of nails with large caps. After filling the wall with insulation, it is plastered.

This method of insulation is suitable for flat walls. If there is a need to level the plane, then you can not do without guides.

Walls insulated with foam Source market.sakh.com

Penoplex cost

Standard dimensions of extruded polystyrene foam sheets:

• 1200x600mm;
• 1185x585 mm;
• 1180x580 mm;
• 1180x600 mm;
• 2360x580 mm;
• 2500x600 mm.

Insulation thickness - from 10 to 100 mm (depending on the brand of material).

The price of a package of insulation depends on the size, thickness of the material, the manufacturer and the number of boards in the package.

For example, Penoplex Comfort will cost:

• 1254 rubles for 18 plates measuring 1185x585x20 mm;
• 1252 rubles for 12 sheets - 1185x585x30 mm;
• 1234 rubles for 9 plates - 1200x600x40 mm.

Ecowool

Cellulose-based insulation, which is made from waste paper and paper waste. The bulk of the insulation is 80% cellulose fiber. There are additives that prevent combustion and reproduction of microorganisms - boric acid and borax. These additives are practically not harmful to humans.

Ecowool is a safe insulation Source deal.by

Ecowool is a good heat-insulating material, which with its properties is practically not inferior to others. But it has much more significant shortcomings:

• Loss of thermal insulation properties over time - ecowool is subject to shrinkage.
• Costly installation. Spraying is carried out with special equipment. Basic skills in working with the material are required to obtain the correct layer of insulation.

Application features

For insulation with ecowool, various technologies are used:

• dry backfill;
• wet spraying;
• wet adhesive plaster.

Each method has its own characteristics. For wall insulation, the wet method is most often used, which requires the use of special equipment, as well as an adhesive.

The use of special equipment for working with ecowool Source chrome-effect.ru

Ecowool cost

Ecowool is packaged in sealed bags of 13–15 kg. The price for 1 kg of insulation is 30–40 rubles.

But the material consumption depends not only on the desired thickness of the heat-insulating layer, but also on the skills of the performer, compliance with the insulation technology.

Issue price

Mineral wool and polystyrene foam are the most budgetary insulation for walls inside the house, the price will depend on the size of the area to be insulated and the method of installation of the insulation. Penoplex is a more expensive material, but you can not build a frame to attach it to the walls.

It is not easy to choose the type, size, thickness of insulation without certain experience and knowledge. Source ursgroup.ru

The process of insulation with mineral wool and foam plastic is almost identical, and foam plastic can compensate for its price with economical installation work.

The price of ecowool is low, but thermal insulation work will require the use of special equipment, which will increase costs.

Conclusion

The choice of insulation method and materials depends on many factors. Before starting work, it is necessary to weigh the pros and cons between internal and external insulation, consider which heat-insulating material is suitable in a particular case, determine the thickness of the insulation, and the need for additional materials. Therefore, it is advisable to entrust the purchase of insulation to a competent contractor who will take into account all the features of the internal insulation technology and the wishes of the customer.