Do-it-yourself installation of a house from sip panels. Do-it-yourself houses from sip panels. Perhaps you will be interested
Since the beginning of the 20th century, fiberboard (wood fiber) and chipboard (chipboard) boards made from woodworking industry waste have been used for decoration, flooring, partitions and fences, sound and heat insulation and furniture manufacturing. These materials, made from chips and chips bonded with polymer resins and formed into boards and sheets, have never been used as elements of load-bearing structures.
An article about the construction of houses from sip panels, the concept of sip panels, their manufacturing technologies, characteristics, construction technology from such panels, the pros and cons.
The construction of houses from sip panels can be classified as low-rise housing with a wooden frame, however, sip construction has its own characteristics that distinguish this method of construction from the traditional frame. However, the situation changed in the middle of the 20th century, when in the USA design engineers and technologists first developed and patented OSB boards (oriented strand boards) and then SIP panels based on them. The production of SIP (Structural Insulated Panel), which means "structural insulated panel", has revolutionized low-rise housing construction, as it has made it possible to combine structural, load-bearing and thermal insulation functions in one product.
The construction of houses from sip panels belongs to the category of construction of low-rise housing with a traditional wooden frame, but you need to know that sip construction has some features that distinguish this method of building houses from the traditional frame.
What is sip panel
Products made from woodworking industry waste - chipboard and fiberboard have been and are used in interior decoration, in the construction of floors, fences and partitions, heat and sound insulation, and furniture manufacturing since the beginning of the 20th century. However, such materials based on wood chips and chips, formed into plate or sheet products using polymer resins, have never been used as load-bearing structures.
sip panel
The situation changed in the middle of the last century, when sip panels were developed by process engineers in the USA. The abbreviation SIP stands for Structural Insulated Panel, or "structural insulating panel". This is a product consisting of two OSB or in the Russian version of OSB - oriented strand boards with a layer of insulation between them like a sandwich.
Manufacturing technology and characteristics of OSB panels
The main "know-how" that American technologists used in the manufacture of OSB panels is the laying of wood chips in three layers when forming the product. In the layers close to the surface of the slab, the chips are directed along the slab, and in the inner layer across. At the same time, OSB building boards received unique strength properties - resistance to both compression and bending, which made it possible to use them as load-bearing structures and build houses from sip panels.
Manufacturing technology is as follows. First, logs of trees, usually conifers, peeled from the bark, are processed on precision machines, obtaining chips of a certain size - a length not exceeding 100 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm. That is, for the production of these products, not woodworking waste is used, but specially made wood chips. It is sorted and dried in drying chambers, then it is laid in a certain order in tape forms, filled with a water-repellent polymer resin composition, and the whole mass is glued together under pressure at high temperature. After the product has gained the required strength and hardness, the tape is cut into plates of the desired length.
PPS insulation - characteristics and production technology
As a heater in the manufacture of sip panels, PPS is used - polystyrene foam, patented in 1950. PPS consists of many sealed cells that provide a moisture-proof structure. Expanded polystyrene is made from polymer granules as a result of a chemical reaction of styrene monomer with a special expanding agent.
The manufacturing process of PPS is as follows. First, the polymer granules are heated to the melting point, then a blowing agent is added to the resulting mass, which forms a fine cellular structure throughout the volume. At the next stage of PPS formation, the cellular mass continues to expand, and in this form it is placed in special molds - molds, where polystyrene foam blocks are formed under the influence of pressure and steam.
After the large polystyrene blocks stabilize and release excess moisture, they are cut into plates of the required thickness to make a sip panel from heated wire cutters.
Manufacturing technology of sip panels
The final product consists of a pair of OSB boards on the outside and a core of EPS - expanded polystyrene. Sip panels are manufactured on automated lines, which include: trolleys for feeding product components to the press, devices for applying glue to upper and lower surfaces, elevators for layering panels and the main unit of the entire technological line - a pneumatic press for gluing products.
First, the lower outer OSB board is laid on the assembly site. Then an appropriately sized PPS core is passed through a glue spreading machine, where glue is applied to its surface, then the core is placed on the bottom OSB board and covered with the top board. The process is repeated until the entire working space inside the press is filled, that is, the finished products are pressed in batches. The pneumatic design of the press allows you to evenly equalize the pressure under the lower and upper surfaces of the plate pack to the required value.
Environmentally friendly urethane adhesives are used to bond the EPS core to the outer OSB boards.
Characteristics of sip panels
Video - How SIP panels are manufactured at the factory
One OSB board can withstand tensile loads well, but is not very stable under longitudinal compression and can easily buckle. However, when two OSBs are combined with a Styrofoam core, such a product acquires amazing strength, since the PPS insert ensures that they work together. According to the test results, sip panels manufactured in industrial conditions in compliance with all technological standards are able to withstand a longitudinal compressive load of 10 tons / r.m., and 2 tons in transverse bending. This makes it possible to use them as load-bearing walls in low-rise construction, as well as for ceilings and roof structures. At the same time, the weight of 1 m2 of the product does not exceed 10 kg, which makes it possible to build vulture houses almost manually, without lifting equipment.
The main goal of combining OSB boards and PPS core into a single product was to combine load-bearing and heat-insulating qualities, which was successfully done. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of sip panels with a thickness of up to 200 mm is 0.03-0.05 W/mdegrees. For comparison, an array of wood has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.09-0.18 W / mGrads, ceramic bricks - 0.3-0.45 W / mGrads. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the material retains heat. If we compare sip with a brick wall, then for the same heat saving effect that sip provides, a brick wall with a thickness of about 2 meters is needed.
In addition to excellent thermal insulation qualities, the PPS core also provides good sound insulation both outside and between rooms.
dimensions
Standard sizes of sips produced by the industry may vary within the following limits:
- in width - from 625 to 1250 mm;
- in length - 2500, 2800, 3000 and more mm;
- in thickness - from 124 (12+100+12) mm, 174 (12+150+12) mm, 224 (12+200+12) mm.
sip panels with a thickness of 174 mm or more are used for load-bearing external and internal walls of one-two-story houses, products with a smaller thickness are used for partitions. For floors and roofs - 224 mm thick.
In any case, standard sips will have to be processed at the construction site, cut and adjusted to the required dimensions, so companies that have chosen sip construction as their main line of business produce so-called house kits.
Domokomplekt
Sip houses are built using house kits - sets of products cut and processed for a specific project selected by the customer. All sips are cut exactly according to the dimensions of the walls, the height of the house, the features of its layout, roof structures and the overall architectural appearance. The house kit includes a set of external and internal load-bearing walls, ceilings, partitions, and roof structures.
To create a house kit, after gluing and pressing, the products are placed on a special table, where cutting is carried out in accordance with the project drawings, a groove is made around the perimeter of each panel, designed to insert a connecting beam during installation. Also, in the finished sip of the house kit, openings for windows and doors are cut.
In addition to the sips themselves, many other related materials can be included in the kit: a beam for tying panels at the level of foundations and ceilings, a fastening beam and a board used when connecting panels to each other, windows and doors, waterproofing, finishing and roofing materials, materials for wiring engineering systems etc. Usually various options are offered for the customer: you can buy a house kit for self-assembly without additional materials, a house kit with box assembly only, a turnkey house kit and other options.
The average price of a house made of sip panels, subject to purchase and self-assembly by the customer, can vary between 3000-6000 rubles / m2. The average cost of turnkey construction from a finished house kit is 15,000-18,000 rubles / m2. Installation of a box at home by specialists is carried out within 2-3 weeks, and turnkey construction can take 2-3 months, depending on local conditions.
Video - Building a house from a SIP house kit in 5 hours, fast shooting
Construction technology
The construction of a sip house begins with a structure. Ideally, the type of foundation is determined during the design process, depending on the types and characteristics of the soil layers underlying the house.
Foundation device
If the soils in the construction area do not have any special, negative properties, for example, there may be subsidence soils with the properties of frost heaving, peat bogs, quicksand, etc., then one of the recommended, simple types of foundations can be adopted:
- monolithic low-depth strip reinforced foundation on a sand or gravel cushion;
- , from shallow bored piles with reinforced concrete grillage;
- pile foundation, made of metal screw piles connected by a reinforced wooden or metal rand beam, located above the ground level and playing the role of a grillage and foundation for the walls of the house.
After the foundation has been built, the next important step is the installation of the lower strapping beam, which will be the basis for the sip walls.
The device of the lower strapping beam
Important! Before installing the lower strapping beam, it is imperative to thoroughly waterproof all underground structures. In this case, it is necessary not only to protect the foundation itself from ground moisture, but also to isolate the wooden structures of the house from concrete and metal parts of other structures.
The waterproofing of the foundation is carried out by coating all surfaces in contact with the ground with special bituminous mastic, and in the case of a groundwater level close to the surface, it may also be necessary to apply pasting by pasting with various rolled materials. To isolate the lower strapping beam from the concrete of the foundation, the same bituminous mastic, bituminized paper or roofing material is used, which is laid on the upper surface of the base.
Further, after the waterproofing device, a strapping beam made of a wooden beam with a section of at least 40x150 mm is laid on the upper surface of the foundation, grillage or basement. To fasten the tie beam to the foundation concrete, steel anchor bolts with a diameter of up to 12 mm are used, drilled into the foundation body by 100 mm every 500 mm along the length of the beam. The anchor heads are then cut flush with the top surface of the tie beam.
Installation of floor walls
At the next stage of building a house from sip panels, the installation of wall panels on the first floor is carried out. But before that, it is necessary to install the basement overlap on the strapping beam. The basement is assembled from a complex of sip panels designed for floors and wooden joists. The lags are installed by the grooves of the panels, which were made in the process of their manufacture along the contour. The cross section of the lag should be at least 40x200 mm. The whole complex of wooden beams and panels is sewn together by means of self-tapping screws every 150 mm. The resulting joints are sealed with foam. Double logs are installed along the perimeter of the base, and the entire resulting single plane of overlap is sewn through these logs to the strapping beam along the contour with self-tapping screws 280 mm long.
Further, before starting to install wall panels on top of the basement, strapping boards are laid and sewn to it, the location of which must be verified with great accuracy in accordance with the layout.
Strapping boards for each wall are fastened with self-tapping screws 75 mm long every 400 mm.
Installation of wall sip panels starts from one of the corners. First of all, a bar-rack is installed on the lower strapping beam and sewn to it with self-tapping screws, which will cover the ends of the walls.
On the panel that will be mounted first, the side recess is treated with mounting foam and installed in such a way that the rack fits snugly into this groove. The panel is stitched to the post and the bottom strapping board with 40 mm screws 15 cm apart on each side. The operation is then repeated for the panel approaching the corner from the other direction. The verticality of the mounted panels is carefully checked with a plumb line, then both sip panels are sewn together with self-tapping capercaillie screws 200 mm long every half a meter.
Further installation of the walls is carried out sequentially in both directions from the initial angle. All panels are attached to the lower trim and intermediate posts, which are inserted into the grooves of the panels, additional stitching is done at the corners and in those places where the inner walls adjoin the outer ones. The grooves in the panels must be foamed before installation.
After the complete installation of all the sips on the first floor, the horizontal grooves at the top of the panels are foamed, after which the upper strapping beam with a section of at least 40x140 mm is laid in them. The upper trim is sewn to all racks to the panels with self-tapping screws in 15 cm increments on both sides.
If the house has more than one floor, then all the described operations are repeated at the next levels.
Video - Building a house from SIP panels 5 series
Roof device
The device of the roof of the vulture at home begins after the completion of all work on the installation of walls and ceilings. First of all, elements of the supporting frame are installed - Mauerlat and runs, including a ridge run. All load-bearing members of the roof frame are supported by the underlying load-bearing walls and studs. The girders are attached to them with two screws 8x280 mm at each point of support, then other frame elements are installed - ribs and valleys and are attached in the same way as the girders.
At the next stage of the roof device, the installation of rafters is carried out, for which a bar with a section of 40x200 is used. The rafters are attached to the girders, valleys and ribs with 8x280 mm screws, one for each attachment point. After the installation of the supporting frame of the roof, the slopes, gables and other places are sewn up with sip panels, and the cold parts with OSB boards.
After the complete assembly of the sip box at home, work begins on the installation of engineering communications and interior and exterior decoration.
Device of engineering systems
Since houses made of sip panels have undoubted problems associated with air exchange through the walls, in such houses it is necessary to have high-quality ventilation, preferably mechanically driven supply and exhaust. At the same time, it is possible to arrange a system that combines several functions - ventilation, air conditioning and air heating. The decision on the installation of such a system should be made at the design stage, since it is necessary to provide a place or room for the central unit, as well as a sufficient height of the rooms for the installation of a suspended or false ceiling, behind which air ducts can be placed.
The installation of a ventilation system combined with an air heating system greatly increases the energy efficiency of a sip house, since the central unit is equipped with a recovery device when part of the heated air emitted during ventilation is reused for heating.
At the same time, all elements of ventilation and air heating systems - valves, intake grilles, filters, air ducts must be made only from non-combustible materials.
Video - Communications in the SIP house, as laid
Water supply and sewerage systems must be laid mainly in the space between the floor beams, trying not to disturb the structure of the supporting sip panels.
Wiring for electric lighting and communication should be laid in closed boxes, special electrical skirting boards and protective corrugated tubes.
Pros and cons of houses from sip panels
Houses made of sip panels have both undoubted advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages include:
- high speed of construction, from which follows a reduction in the costs inherent in the construction process for long periods, and, consequently, a relatively lower cost of the entire construction;
- no need for a massive foundation due to the low weight of the sip house, which also simplifies and reduces the cost of construction;
- ease of installation, which allows, having acquired a ready-made house kit, to build a house on your own;
- construction is possible all year round, houses do not shrink, such as wooden log cabins, which eliminates delays or technological interruptions;
- the small thickness of the bearing walls allows, with the same dimensions, to obtain an additional 10-15% of the additional usable area;
- energy efficiency - the design of panels with insulation allows you to save heat in winter with a large margin, which gives significant savings on fuel consumption. The other side of this effect is the saving of coolness indoors in summer, which also makes it possible to save electricity for air conditioning.
The disadvantages include:
- increased flammability of wooden elements, the danger of toxic elements being released during ignition, especially when polystyrene foam is melted;
- possible release of harmful elements - phenol and formaldehyde - from the structures of the SIP panels themselves, since OSB boards are made on the basis of polymer resins;
- possible damage to the insulation;
- obstructed air exchange through the outer walls.
All these shortcomings are not critical, that is, certain solutions have been developed and applied to overcome possible negative consequences. The increased combustibility of wooden elements is reduced with the help of fire-fighting impregnations, substances are added to polystyrene that make it self-extinguishing, that is, not supporting combustion. The problem of increased concentration of phenols inside the premises and reduced air exchange through the outer walls is solved due to the effective operation of the ventilation system, and special repellents are used to protect against rodents.
In any case, the customer chooses the type of his house, based on many considerations. For example, if we compare brick houses and houses made of sip panels, then the latter will have quite a few advantages - much lower cost, construction speed, energy efficiency, etc. In addition, the durability of a sip house can be comparable to a brick house - 50 -100 years, which is proved by the example of many houses built in the middle of the last century and still standing. For people who choose brick houses for construction and do not trust other technologies, most likely, the inertia of thinking plays a decisive role - “my house is my fortress”, and the fortress must be made of stone.
Myths about houses made of sip panels
There are several myths about frame houses and sip houses in particular.
A tornado in the US, like the Alabama sisters miraculously survived after a vulture panel house was toppled on top of them.
We see that hurricanes or tornadoes, characteristic of the climate in North America, almost completely demolish residential areas built from frame houses. The main reason for this phenomenon is economic. Americans are very mobile, often change jobs, can easily move from one city to another, and they tend to invest their savings not in real estate, but in business. Related to this is the mass construction of cheap frame houses, which account for 90% of the total US housing stock, and most of them are not owned, but rented out. These houses are built practically without foundations using lightweight technologies, without observing strict requirements for strength, reliability and durability. It is not surprising that such houses are easily destroyed in severe natural disasters, but they are also easily restored.
But, if the house is built from sip panels according to all standards and rules, on a solid foundation, then it will not be so easy to destroy it. This was shown by the practice of construction in Japan, where earthquakes often occur, and houses made of sip panels in the majority successfully withstood multi-point earthquakes due to their flexibility, as well as the strength and reliability of joints and individual elements.
The construction technology of SIP panels refers to frame construction. Houses built using this technology are built quickly, look very presentable after finishing and inspire confidence. Also, if you have been postponing the construction of your house for a long time because of the material component, then this house will be affordable for you. But is everything so simple? Is there any trick here? Let's figure it out.
Let's first understand what a sip panel is and how to build a house out of it. Construction technologies with the use of the so-called SIP (SIP) panels have been around for more than half a century. She came to us from the USA.
SIP (Structural Insulated Panel - "structural heat-insulating, or structural-insulating, panel"). We have adopted the name SIP-panel. True, at the same time, for some reason, this technology is called Canadian in our country. Apparently this comes from the fact that in our country all frame construction that exists today is called Canadian construction, although most of them have nothing to do with Canada. From its appearance in the USA (1950), the construction technology using SIP panels has been used in North America and Europe for more than half a century and is constantly being improved. As a result, the most optimal and most widely used, including in Russia, was the sandwich-type panel variant of two OSB-3 or OSB-3 (OSB - oriented strand board), between which PSB-S25 is glued - a plate of suspension non-pressed self-extinguishing expanded polystyrene (foreign name - Expanded Polystyrene, EPS).
As a rule, a house kit is delivered to the construction site prepared for installation: the house is assembled according to the principle of a constructor from ready-made elements of walls, floors, truss and under-roofing systems.
The assembly of such a house is very fast. Also, due to the fact that the material for construction does not have a lot of weight, you get big savings on the foundation. Also, despite the small weight of the panels themselves, they have a very significant margin of safety. Industrially manufactured SIP panels, according to the results of their tests, are able to withstand a longitudinal load of more than 10 tons per 1 linear meter. m, and with a transverse bend - more than 2 tons.
Perhaps this is where all the advantages of such houses end. With regard to SIP panels, the three most frequently discussed issues are fire hazard, ecology and pests.
The most significant is the environmental friendliness of these houses. As for the environmental friendliness of SIP panels, it seems rather doubtful: in addition to the toxic polystyrene insulation, polyurethane adhesive is used to manufacture the panels, which emits highly toxic phenol and formaldehyde. Both substances can cause cancer; in addition, they have a destructive effect on the immune system, which is why children in houses made of SIP panels get sick more often. Of course, the composition of the SIP panel also includes natural materials of wood origin - OSB boards, a frame made of dry or glued laminated timber - but their properties cannot neutralize the detrimental effect on the human body that polystyrene and glue have. Also, the enclosing structures "do not breathe", adding the effect of the accumulation of harmful substances from harmful glue and polyurethane foam - the house turns into a gas chamber before our eyes. This technology existed and was developed in Soviet times, but was not used in residential construction due to the fact that it could not pass the examination of sanitary services. Such buildings were allowed only as storage and temporary buildings.
Fire hazard is the main topic of disputes that take place between supporters of stone and wooden houses. Naturally, a fire can occur in any room; its source can be both inside and outside. Regardless of the material of the walls, the consequences of a fire can be disastrous: the danger is not only the fire itself, but also the combustion products released during the fire. Houses made of SIP panels belong to the third class of fire resistance, as well as houses made of natural wood; however, the difference lies in the fact that when a wooden house burns, only carbon monoxide is released, while the expanded polystyrene, which is part of the SIP panel as a heater, begins to emit highly toxic vapors when heated above 80C. Proponents of the use of expanded polystyrene emphasize that, due to the treatment with fire impregnations, the material is self-extinguishing - its burning time does not exceed four seconds, but when a house is burning, the biggest danger lies not in the high speed of flame propagation, but in the possibility of poisoning by combustion products. After all, we all remember the terrible fire in the nightclub in Perm "Lame Horse". It was polystyrene foam that burned there - 156 people died. As experience shows, one second is enough for poisoning.
Well, rodents - for some reason they are very fond of foam plastics in various forms, which significantly reduces the thermal efficiency of this house. Also, polystyrene type heaters are moisture insulators, due to which rot, mold and fungus can start in them.
My advice: if you decide to voluntarily build a gas chamber for yourself, then be sure to have very good ventilation to remove the decomposition products of Styrofoam and toxic adhesive compounds and excess moisture to minimize the possibility of fungus and mold. True, in the case of installing such ventilation, the economic difference between such a house and a normal one is practically lost.
I hope we have debunked the myth of cheap, reliable and environmentally friendly building a house from sip panels. And if you have any questions, we will answer them in the comments.
Continuation of houses made of sip panels and polystyrene foam.
Today we will touch on the topic of how difficult it is to build a House, or, for example, a change house, with our own hands from SIP panels.
In principle, anyone who has practically no experience in construction, but who knows how to hold a parquet and a screwdriver in his hands, can do this. Other tools for assembling a house from SIP panels or a garage, a change house, an extension to the house are practically not needed, except perhaps another level, or a plumb line.
Stages of self-assembly of a house from SIP panels
Foundation manufacturing
Strapping installation
We lay the floor
Assembling the walls of the house
Ceiling Assembly
And now about this in more detail.
Foundation
The first step in our construction is the manufacture of the foundation. The simplest and most budgetary option is piles.
Strapping installation
The second step is to install the harness. This step is one of the most important when building a house.
Strapping is the foundation of your structure. All strapping angles must be strictly 90 degrees if the building has a square or rectangle at the base. How to achieve the accuracy of the corners?
We use the principle of measuring two diagonals. If both diagonals are the same, then all angles will be 90 degrees. The diagonals themselves can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem. "The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs."
If we make the harness correctly, then all the walls will automatically connect at an angle of 90 degrees.
We lay the floor
And so the third step - we lay the floor. The floor is made of SIP panels 625 mm wide. If you are "right-handed" we start the assembly from left to right, if you are "left-handed", then from right to left. We lay the first corner floor panel so that one of its sides is flush with one beam, and the other with the second beam, which form the corner of our structure.
We fasten the bottom sheet of the OSB of our panel with self-tapping screws to the beams in increments of 150 - 200 mm. Next, we foam the loose groove of the panel (in the case of assembly from left to right, the right groove along the long side of the panel) and insert a board into the groove, which is both a dowel and a log. We fasten first the top, and then the bottom sheets of the OSB to the log. We foam the next panel and put it on the lag sticking out of the first panel - the dowel.
We fix the panel to the log - the dowel in the same way as the first one and do not forget to fasten the panel from the ends to the strapping beams. We collect the entire floor in a similar way. When the floor is assembled, we close the ends of the assembled floor with a board, or a bar, not forgetting to attach the top OSB sheet to them.
We fasten the lower edge of the board or beam to the strapping with long self-tapping screws “on oblique”. Next, with long self-tapping screws we fasten the end board of the floor and the logs - dowels to each other. We measure the diagonals of the finished floor; they should be equal to the diagonals of the strapping.
And so our floor is ready. To install the walls on the floor, we fix the starting boards, stepping back from the edge of the floor, the number of millimeters corresponding to the thickness of the OSB in the SIP panel. We foam the place where the starting board will be installed and fasten it to the end boards of the floor and the floor joists.
Next, we install the next starting board, leaving a gap between the previously installed OSB thickness in the SIP panel and between the edge of the floor and the starting board, this is also the distance. Similarly, we install the remaining starting boards of walls and partitions, if any.
Assembling the walls of the house
Let's start assembling the walls. On the first corner panel from the outer vertical end, through the mounting foam, we strengthen the timber with self-tapping screws in increments of 150-200 mm. On the inside of the wall panel, we attach the starting board of the second wall to this beam, having previously applied mounting foam and using long self-tapping screws. Install the corner panel on the launch board attached to the floor.
Having previously foamed, we install the second panel, which forms an angle by putting it on the starting board of the floor and the previously screwed starting board of the first corner panel. We check the level, or a plumb line of the vertical and fasten both panels to each other and to the starting boards on the floor. Corner assembled.
Next, having previously foamed the groove, we install a vertical stand - a dowel. We fasten it with screws on both sides to the panel, and from below with large screws to the starting board of the floor “On oblique”, or using a reinforced mounting corner. Having previously foamed, we install the next wall panel and so on in the same way. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that it is better to finish the wall with a window or door opening, in this case
It will be very convenient for you to assemble the "Finish" panels.
Do not forget to constantly check the verticality of the walls with a level, or a plumb line in two projections, in a plane and from the end. If you have interior partitions, then they must be assembled so that the assembly ends with a doorway, that is, on both sides of the partition inward to the door. After the walls and partitions are assembled, we install boards or beams in the upper end of the panels, having previously foamed the groove.
We fasten these boards to the OSB with self-tapping screws on both sides and, of course, to the racks - dowels with long self-tapping screws. I remind you once again that all joints of boards and panels are made using mounting foam. And so, the walls and partitions are assembled.
Ceiling Assembly
We proceed to the assembly of the ceiling. The ceiling is assembled in exactly the same way as the floor and in the same sequence. The result of the warm contour of a one-story building is ready. We install the rafter system and the roof of your choice. We make installation of windows and doors and calmly deal first with external, and then with internal decoration. What do you say, my friends? In my opinion, this is a Lego constructor for adults.
Video: installation of SIP panels
Video: What to look for when installing SIP at home
Reading time ≈ 4 minutes
The technology of building houses from SIP (SIP) panels has been used for several decades in North America. Such construction is also widespread in Europe. The popularity of this technology is due to the reliability of the design, the high speed of construction, regardless of weather conditions, and good heat-shielding performance. The ease of assembly makes it possible to build a house from SIP panels with your own hands without involving a large team and heavy equipment.
Features of this technology
The fact that this type of construction is feasible can be seen by looking at the photo report on the construction work carried out below. The information below shows how to build a house from SIP panels yourself.
For complete clarity, it should be noted that the concept of SIP-panel came from the English language - SIP (Structural Insulated Panel) is translated as a constructive heat-insulated panel (see photo).
Houses made of such sandwich panels cope with both lateral loads (hurricane winds) and the weight of snow on the roof.
The main stages of building a house from SIP panels
If construction is planned on land where there was nothing before, the placement of the house on the site will be associated solely with the personal preferences of the owners, and with the placement standards regarding land boundaries. If a pipeline passes nearby, sewer drains are equipped, care must be taken not to touch communications during the construction process.
Foundation markings are being made.
Foundation construction
The light weight of a house made of sandwich panels minimizes the cost of building a foundation. A massive structure is not needed here. Lightweight buildings from SIP panels can be placed on the following types of foundations:
- tape;
- pile-screw;
- slab.
Of course, you can equip the basement.
Here it was decided to build a house without a basement. First, with the help of heavy equipment, a site was equipped, a small deepening under the foundation was completed. When recesses are made in accordance with the design documentation, the formwork is equipped and poured with concrete mortar.
Cinder blocks are installed on the strip foundation, which are reinforced and poured with concrete.
In this situation, 988 blocks are used. It turns out a rather high basement of the house. This helps to protect the house from moisture and insects. Instead of cinder blocks, you can simply use concrete to fill the basement.
Arrangement of the lower level
It is believed that SIP panels are very durable. You can easily find a video where a truck rides on such a panel, and it does not deform at all. Therefore, the floor in the house is made from this material. Only first, waterproofing is laid on the foundation. The first panel is placed on it, combining with the corner of the foundation. The joints of the panels are filled with foam. A connecting pin is also installed there. The second panel is attached close to the first. The connecting dowels, to which the panels themselves are screwed, will stiffen all structures.
When laying the panels it is necessary to check the level. If there are deviations, they must be eliminated. The end part of the laid panels is closed with strapping boards; foam is used when fixing them. As a result, outwardly the floor of the first floor will resemble a monolithic panel.
Laying communications
Pre-prepared technological holes are used for laying communications. This is both a water supply system and a sewerage system.
These works must be carried out before laying the final floor.
Arrangement of internal partitions
Usually internal partitions are installed simultaneously with the construction of load-bearing walls.
But if there are delays in the delivery of panels, you can first install the frame of internal partitions in accordance with the diagrams and drawings of the project documentation.
Installation of SIP panels
The main stage of building a house from SIP panels with your own hands is the installation of the panels themselves.
It is necessary to fasten this material without gaps and voids. The tighter the connection, the more comfortable it will be to live in the house. Joints must be filled with mounting foam. Fasteners are carried out with self-tapping screws. It is better to fix the panel to the guide beam on the foundation with anchor bolts in order to exclude possible shifts during the shrinkage of the foundation. The number of butt joints should be kept to a minimum. Therefore, the best option is to build a house from SIP panels, made specifically for a specific project.
When the walls of the first floor are assembled, the timber and floor panels are laid.
roof construction
A Mauerlat is made, a truss system is mounted, on which SIP panels are installed, and a roof is already attached to it. You can see in detail how the roof is being equipped, you can see
Frame construction technology is strongly associated with the high speed of building houses, their efficiency, and variability in the selection of materials. One of the most practical options are SIP panels (SIP panels). Based on the translation from English, they are often called heat-insulated, constructive. What distinguishes them from sandwich panels and how to build frame houses from SIP panels?
SIP panels - what is it
SIP panels are one of the modern multilayer materials used in the construction of residential buildings. Their operational properties are due to the special structure, method of manufacture.
Three-layer SIP structure
SIP are building three-layer panels that are made by pressing. As a result, the material is almost solid. The first layer is oriented strand board (OSB), the second is polystyrene foam, the third is another OSB.
Oriented strand boards are made from several layers of wood chips that are bonded together with synthetic resins. They are pressed at high temperature and pressure. In each layer, the direction of the chips is different, which gives the finished sheet high strength.
Please note: the greater the number of chip layers and the better the adhesive composition, the higher the moisture resistance and strength of the OSB.
Oriented strand boards have stable dimensions, provide excellent sound and heat insulation, are resistant to temperature changes, and are easy to install.
Expanded polystyrene consists of individual microporous granules, inside of which there are voids. They determine the lightness of this insulation, its good soundproofing properties. Expanded polystyrene does not emit toxic substances into the air, is frost-resistant, resistant to mold.
The advantages of these two materials largely determine the advantages of building from SIP panels.
Sandwich panels and SIP panels - what are the differences
It’s worth mentioning right away that, in essence, SIP is a kind of sandwich panels. It is characterized by: a bunch of OSB and expanded polystyrene, a certain set of performance qualities.
Sandwich panels are also different:
- sheathing: galvanized steel with a polymer coating, rigid PVC sheets, drywall, chipboard, ;
- thermal insulation: mineral wool, .
The common prefix "sandwich" means only the multilayered material.
Manufacturing technology also distinguishes SIP from other sandwich panels. Tightly pressed into monolithic sheets, they outperform analogues from other materials. But most sandwich panels can be easily disassembled into layers.
As for the bearing capacity, SIPs can be structural elements of the house, carry vertical loads from ceilings, roofs, etc. Sandwich panels are more suitable for internal partitions, additional insulation of external walls.
Advantages and disadvantages of the material
Equipped houses from SIP panels are distinguished by a high level of heat saving. They can be up to 1.5 times warmer than similar buildings made using standard frame technology. This reduces the cost of electricity and heating.
A favorable microclimate is formed inside the building. During cold weather, the air in the rooms heats up quickly, but cools down for a long time.
It will take literally 10-14 days to build a warm “box” at home, regardless of the season. And at the end of the work, you can immediately begin to finish, since the walls practically do not shrink.
Also, thermally insulated panels in most cases do not need additional vapor and wind protection.
Their disadvantages include: high cost when using high-quality OSB, combustibility of wood and the “thermos” effect. The latter implies the need to install forced ventilation in a practically closed thermal circuit.
How to build a house from "warm" panels
Building a frame house from SIP panels with your own hands is not difficult. Not the last role in this is played by the relative lightness of the material, its strength.
The sequence of work will be as follows:
- Carrying out earthworks to determine the quality of the soil.
- Marking for the foundation and laying it. Due to the ease of SIP, it can be a budget tape, pile or screw option.
- The construction of the lower tier of the building (rough floor). Plates are laid from the corner, not forgetting to make technological holes for communications.
- The construction of external walls and partitions inside the house. The connection of the panels should be as tight as possible, without voids.
- Laying of floor panels from SIP panels, erection of the second floor according to already proven technology.
- Installation of the truss system and its sheathing SIP.
Building a residential building from SIP panels is a time and labor saving. Instead of sheathing the outer walls and insulating them (with the installation of a crate), you only need to mount a ready-made three-layer material with the desired set of properties.
Connecting panels to each other and to other structural elements
High-quality SIP fastening is the absence of cold bridges, the convenience of assembling individual parts, and the strength of their connection. Each of the main structural units has its own characteristics.
Fastening panels to the foundation
To mount wall SIPs to the foundation, waterproofing (roofing material) is first laid on it, strapping boards (DO) are fixed.
After that, the floor panels are laid. They are fixed to the base with anchors. The distance between fasteners should not exceed 2 m.
Installation of this type of SIP panels is as follows:
- Self-tapping screws with a diameter of 4.8 mm and a length of 95 mm connect the ceiling to the strapping boards.
- Self-tapping screws 3.1x50 mm fix the wall panel to the DO. The distance between fasteners should not exceed 150 mm.
During the installation process, the evenness of the fastening of the SIP with a building level is checked.
Corner connection of wall elements
At the outer and inner corners (90°), the panels are joined together using wooden dowels. Usually these are boards 50 mm thick, 150 mm wide. An alternative for building a house is I-beams.
Please note: the joints of individual elements are first foamed with mounting foam.
The key is attached to one of the walls using self-tapping screws 4.8 mm in diameter. The distance between them should not exceed 200 mm.
The panel of the other wall is fixed on the dowel with 3.5 mm self-tapping screws, maintaining a pitch of no more than 150 mm. The protruding part of the OSB board is fixed to the end of the wall panel in the same way.
Joining wall and floor panels
This is a difficult SIP connecting node at home, involving the use of a large number of fasteners.
- The floor slab is fixed on the lower wall using self-tapping screws, the diameter and length of which are 6.3 and 240 mm, respectively. The distance between them should not exceed 300 mm.
- A strapping board is mounted on top of the ceiling. To do this, use self-tapping screws 4.8x95 mm, screwing them in increments of 100-200 mm.
- Self-tapping screws 3.5x51 mm fix the panels of the upper wall on the strapping board. The distance between them should not exceed 150 mm.
- OSB on the floor strapping board is also fixed with 3.5 mm self-tapping screws. However, a step of 300 mm is acceptable.
All mounting joints when assembling a house pre-foamed the corresponding composition.
Roof and wall connection angle
For the device of the junction of the roof and the wall, perform the following steps:
- A Mauerlat is fixed on the wall panel - a support for the lower level of the truss system. To do this, use self-tapping screws 4.8x95 mm in increments of up to 200 mm.
- On the end side of the roofing SIP, a strapping board is attached. Self-tapping screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm are installed at least 150 mm apart.
- Roof elements are connected to the Mauerlat with self-tapping screws 6.3x240 mm. The distance between them should not exceed 300 mm.
note: fasteners with a diameter of 6.3 mm are also used to fix roof panels on a ridge beam.
Building from SIP: Conclusion
If you are still not sure whether to build a house with SIP panels, take a look at more than 20 years of experience in Canada and Finland in this area. For countries where there are strong hurricanes and no less severe frosts, it is more than successful.
The secret lies in the unsightly wooden dowels used to join the panels. They bond into a tough, framed structure that, paired with durable SIPs, is able to withstand the elements.
However, to obtain such a margin of safety, it is important to follow the technology of building a house to the smallest detail. One mistake can jeopardize the work of many people and the lives of future residents. That is why it is recommended to entrust part of the construction work to experienced specialists.
Video: full house assembly cycle
