Piazza Venezia is the tourist center of Rome. Piece of Rome. What to see in Piazza Venezia
Piazza Venezia is located in the central part of Rome. It was named after the palace of the same name. It was located near the foot of the Capitol in a certain distance from the Roman Forum. It has been an important transportation point since the days of the Roman Republic. From it it is most convenient to embark on a hike through the city streets.
History of occurrence
In the fifteenth century, the architect Francesco del Borgo created a magnificent palace in Rome. Initially, it was the residence of Pope Paul II, after which the Venetian embassy in Rome was located here. Later, the building became the residence of Austrian diplomats and their families. In the twentieth century, the castle was occupied by Mussolini. Once upon a time, an ancient Roman building stood on this site, chosen by the evangelist Mark during his visit to Rome. This saint is the patron saint of Venice, which is why the Venetians love the palace so much. Modern look formed in 1885. At that time, the square was decorated with a monument to Victor Emmanuel II. In 2009, excavations were underway - preparations for the construction of the metro, during which the ruins of Athenaeum, which belonged to Emperor Hadrian, were found.
Architecture
A monument to the first Italian king, Victor Emmanuel II, rises above Venice Square. The northern slope of Palatine Hill was ideal for its location. In order to erect a monument, more than one medieval quarter had to be demolished. The construction process lasted from 1885 to 1911. When did the first one end? World War, the composition was supplemented with a part dedicated to the unknown soldier. The work began to be called "The Altar of the Fatherland". The final formation of the monumental composition was completed in 1935. On Piazza Venezia there is a house in which Napoleon's mother, Lutetia, lived in the nineteenth century. She really liked to watch the seething life in Rome. She remained here to live, even when Napoleon was defeated. The western side of the square is decorated with the Palace of Venice. Entering this room, you become a visitor to the museum decorative arts and the Chere Museum. In the latter, you can admire wax figures and the interior of Mussolini's office. Almost close to the Palace of Venice stands the church of San Marco. It is dated to the fourth century. More than once it was rebuilt and reconstructed. Many changes were made in the eighteenth century, it was then that its architectural style changed.
Neighborhood
Near Piazza Venezia there are a lot of different attractions. For example, Trajan's Forum. It was created in the year 106-113 by the architect Apollodorus of Damascus at the expense of government subsidies(the war with the Dacians helped to accumulate funds). The length of the forum is three hundred meters, the width is one hundred and eighty-five. During the construction process, the top of the Quirinal hill was cut off. Trajan's Column rises at the level of forty meters. Its top was decorated with a statue of Trajan, which, unfortunately, has been lost. In 1587, the statue of St. Peter was replaced. Inside the monument there is a hall with an urn in which the imperial ashes are kept. The market of the same name operates in a brick building. The Curia once housed the Roman Senate. It was built back in the time of Caesar and, more than once, was the seat of fire.
Note to the tourist
Nice square with beautiful flower garden in the middle. Marble benches will always give you a rest and conveniently eat ice cream. On Piazza Venezia, horses and carts are waiting for you. This place is crowded at any time of the year. Especially many tourists tend to get here with the onset of winter, because in December this place turns into a fairy tale. The tall spruce is decorated with ribbons, balls and garlands, the rumble of cars and the clatter of hooves can be heard.
significant and very interesting place in, which not a single tourist will bypass, is Piazza (square) Venice. The square got its name in the 15th century thanks to the Venetian cardinal Pietro Barbo. A palace was built on this site, which later housed the embassy of Venice. In front of the snow-white palace there is a monument to King Immanuel II (the first king of united Italy), and the grandiose palace itself, or rather, the monument that adorns Venice Square, is called Vittoriano, which means Altar of the Fatherland. Together, this is called the palace ensemble. The palace was built from stone taken from the quarries of the Colosseum. At the foot of the monument is the tomb of the Unknown Soldier, near which there is a guard of honor. Once upon a time, horse races were held on this square. It is very interesting to climb the stairs to the columns of the Vittoriano Palace, from where a wonderful view of the entire area opens.
To the left is the church of San Marco. Here in those bushes in the corner of the building is a sculpture of Madame Lucrezia
Changing of the Guard of Honor at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier
There are several in Piazza Venezia historical monuments in the form of ruins in open excavations. One of them is Trajan's Forum. If you are interested in such heaps of stones and columns, then there are several of them around the Vittoriano Palace. The Trojan Forum is named after the Emperor Trojan.
Trojan Forum. Excavations.
Forum. Ruins
If you stand with your back to the Vittoriano Palace and go a little to the right, then you will bump into this forum. The 38-meter-high column of Troyan rises nearby, you will definitely see it. Right next to the column are two almost identical churches with domes, which, of course, are the true decoration of Piazza Venezia. One of them, which is closer to the column, is called of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The second church of Santa Maria di Loreto.
Dome of the Church of Santa Maria di Loreto
Standing with your back to the palace, look to the left and see a pink three-story (three naves) building with a three-story square tower. This is the titular church of San Marco, one of the oldest in Rome. Entrance to it is free. All tourists are shown a window with a balcony in this building, from which Mussolini used to speak.
A very interesting landmark of Piazza Venezia in Rome is located near the entrance to the church. San Marco. To the left of the entrance in the church in the very corner you can see a sculpture (bust) of a woman made of white stone. This is Madame Lucrecia (Madama Lucrecia), mistress of the Neapolitan king Alfonso of Aragon.
Opposite the church of San Marco across the road is another interesting building, somewhat reminiscent of the palace of Venice. This is Palazzo delle Assicurationi Generali. (Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali). This building was built in 1911. We cross the street along the passage towards the Troyan Column and notice another excavation on the right. By the way, the road to the northern provinces of the Roman Empire, built in the 220th century BC (Via Flaminius), once began from Piazza Venezia.
If you get around the Vittoriano monument with reverse side, then you will come to the Capitol Square (Piazza del Campidoglio), in the middle of which there is an equestrian monument. This is none other than Marcus Aurelius. Around the monument there are buildings: the Palace of the Senators (Palazzo Senatorio), the Palace of the Conservators (Palazzo dei Conservatori), the Palazzo Nuovo (Palazzo Nuovo) and the Basilica of Santa Maria in Araceli (Santa Maria in Araceli). All this is located on Capitol Hill. The city hall is now located in the palace of the senators. The Conservative Palace houses a museum of ancient Roman busts. If anyone is interested in such exhibits, then the entrance to the museums costs 13 euros.
Publication date:
2014-05-19
(Italian: Palazzo Venezia) - a historical palace, the residence of the Barbo family, as well as the former representation of the Venetian Republic in papal Rome. Today, the palazzo houses the National Museum, whose expositions mainly include rare collections of ceramics, sculpture, a collection of art objects up to the early Renaissance. It also houses the headquarters of the library of the National Institute of Archeology and History.
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The Palazzo was built as a residence for Pietro Barbo, the future Pope, known as Paul II. Construction has begun in 1455 around the medieval tower. The choice of location for the residence was not accidental. It was here that the Basilica of San Marco was located. As you know, Pietro Barbo was born in 1417 in Venice, whose heavenly patron is St. Mark (since the time his relics were transported from Alexandria captured by Muslims). Simultaneously with the construction of the palace, the basilica was also reconstructed (the famous architect Alberti worked on the reconstruction and redevelopment of its facade).
Palazzo Venezia has an elongated shape of two buildings, located on both sides of the medieval tower Uzha, named after the serpentine staircase leading to the jagged roof. The first building was completed in 1464, in the year of the election of Pietro Barbo as Pope. Then he decided to enlarge the palazzo, making it more monumental and majestic. The work continued for 26 years and was completed after the death of the Pope.
In the 16th century, during another reconstruction under the leadership of Cardinal Lorenzo Cibo, Cibo's apartments were added to the residence, which later served as the residence of the bishops of St. Mark's Basilica. At the very end of the 18th century, the building of the former residence of Pietro Barbo was transferred to the authorities of the Republic of Venice for embassy service. Since then, the palace has been called the Palazzo Venezia. During the transition of Venice under the rule of the Habsburgs, the Austrian embassy was located here.
In 1916, after the building was returned to Italian ownership, it was restored and turned into the National Museum of Art. However, during the dictatorship of Mussolini, Palazzo Venezia became the residence of the Duce until the fall of the fascist regime.
At present, the National Museum, which also occupies the premises of the adjoining Petit Palace of Venice, is connected to the main core of the complex by the ancient passage of the guards or the Corridor of the Cardinals, reconstructed in the 17th century. Currently, the National Museum has its collections in 28 rooms of the Palazzo Venezia.
At the entrance to the museum there is a marble bust of Pope Paul II, the coat of arms of the Barbo family and frescoes of the 18th century depicting Pius IV (in memory of the transfer of the building to the Venetian Republic). At the end of the passage there is a door, opening which you can enter the Basilica of St. Mark. In the side rooms is the Library of the Institute of Archeology and Art History.
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Halls of the National Museum in Palazzo Venezia
Hall "Veneto"(Sala Veneto). Early examples of Byzantine iconography are presented. The hall's gallery also displays several works by Paolo Veneziano, a prominent 14th-century painter. The 15th century is represented, in particular, by a fragment of the fresco "Head of a Woman", attributed to Antonio Pisanello.
Hall "Emilia-Romagna"(Sala Emilia Romagna) exhibits paintings by Lorenzo Sabatini, several historical artifacts from the Ruffo collection, as well as three magnificent wooden statues (Madonna and Child and Two Magi, copies from the Fabriano Palace).
Hall "Lazio, Umbria, Marche"(Sala Lazio, Umbria, Marche). Here is the iconography. The main exhibits are two carved crosses of the 13th century.
Halls "Tuscany"(Sale Toscana) are dedicated to the region of Tuscany and illustrate the development of one of the leading schools of Italian painting in the 14th and 15th centuries.
Hall "Paintings on canvas"(Sala dipinti su tela). Paintings on canvas of the Italian school of the 17th-18th centuries are exhibited. Most of the works belonged to the Ruffo collection, donated by Fabrizio Ruffo in 1919.
Hall "Altoviti"(Sala Altoviti) is decorated with frescoes from the Palazzo Altaviti, by Giorgio Vasari, which were transferred to the Palazzo Venezia in 1929.
In other halls of the National Museum, you can see collections of bronze, ceramics, ancient terracotta, ivory items, religious objects. One of the halls houses the armory of the Odescalchi family, as well as the richest collections of applied art, partially transferred from the Chircheriano Museum.
- group tour (up to 10 people) for the first acquaintance with the city and the main attractions - 3 hours, 31 euros
There is no main square in Rome, but if you had to choose one, then it could be exactly piazza Venice(piazza venice). The main city highways converge here:, via dei(Via dei Fiori Imperiali) and via del Plebiscito(Via Plebiscito).
Therefore, on the anniversary of the unification of Italy, it was decided to build here ( monumento Vittorio Emanuele II, or Vittoriano, Giuseppe Sacconi, 1885-1911). The memorial is dedicated to the first king of united Italy.
The architects failed to harmoniously fit the huge building into the ensemble of earlier, low buildings on Piazza Venezia. A monument made of white limestone, 70 m high and 135 m wide, subjugated the entire space piazza Venice. The inhabitants of Rome call it "wedding cake", "inkwell" and "typewriter".
In the center of the memorial there is an equestrian statue of Victor Emmanuel II (). The monument was cast from the bronze of old papal cannons, as a sign of the transfer of power over Rome to the king.
Altar of the Fatherland
At the foot of the monument Altape of the Fatherland(Altare della Patria, Angelo Zanelli, 1924) buried the coffin with the ashes of the Unknown Soldier. It's burning here Eternal flame and there is a guard of honor of the Bersaliers, soldiers of the elite rifle units of the Italian army.
To the left of the steps of the monument, one of the few monuments from the times of Republican Rome attracts attention. A two-story building made of travertine, from which the base with the inscription and fragments of columns have been preserved, is tombstone I century BC e., delivered by the “Senate and the Roman people” to Gaius Publication Bibulus, an aedile, that is, an official in charge of building temples and holding public events.
insula
To the right of the Altar of the Fatherland there is another ancient monument - insula (insula), a typical Roman multi-storey house of the 2nd century. In ancient times, such houses were built due to the overpopulation of the city. This building was five-story, the excavation shows the first floor, where shops and warehouses were usually located. The rest of the floors were occupied by apartments, which the owner of the house rented out to the tenants. Today, tourists can go inside through a door made at the level of the second floor.
Museum of the Risorgimento
From the side via dei Fori Imperialiunder monument, right at the base of the building, located ( Museo centrale del Risorgimento). Risorgimento - the period of the struggle for the unification of Italy (1815-1871), and the museum is dedicated to the political, economic and social history of the country of the XVIII-XX centuries.
Palazzo Venice
The western side of Piazza Venezia (left, if viewed from the monument) is occupied by palazzo venice 38 (Palazzo Venice, Giuliano da Maiano, 1455). The massive cubic building with a square corner tower, which gave the name of the square, was built for the Venetian cardinal Pietro Barbo, the future Pope Paul II, and was originally called the Palace of St. Mark ( Palazzo di S. Marco). Rectangular teeth, which decorate the cornice of the palace, betray the owner's belonging to the Guelph party - one of the most important political forces of medieval Italy. In the endless confrontation between the popes and the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, the Guelphs supported the pope. Opponents of the Guelphs, the Ghibellines, preferred the “dovetail” crenellations (such crenellations adorn the walls of the Moscow Kremlin).
In 1564-1797, the palace was occupied by the embassy of the Republic, since then the building has had its modern name. During the years of fascism (1922-1943), the palace was the official residence Benito Mussolini, from a small balcony above the main entrance ("Mussolini's balcony"), the dictator delivered several famous speeches.
talking statues
At a time when the popes ruled the city and no one could even think about freedom of speech, the inhabitants of Rome had the opportunity to express their political position anonymously, or rather, on behalf of one of the six statues - Pasquino, Marforio, Il Babbuino, Madame Lucrezia, Il Faccino Or Abbot Luigi. Short notes were attached to the pedestals of these statues, criticizing and ridiculing the authorities, usually in verse.
The following lines were dedicated to Pope Nicholas V, merciless towards his enemies:
Da quando e Niccolo papa e assassino,
abbonda a Roma il sangue e scarso e il vino
Since Nicholas became a dad and a murderer,
In Rome there is an excess of blood and a lack of wine.
Sometimes the statues exchanged remarks, for example, when Rome was sacked by the Napoleonic troops, Marforio asked: “Is it true that all the French are thieves?”, To which Pasquino, having beaten the name of the French emperor, replied: Tutti no, ma Bona parte("Not all, but most").
Altar of the Fatherland
- Piazza Venezia
- 09.00–18.00
National Museum of Palazzo Venice
- Via del Plebesccito, 118
- Tue–Sun 08.30–19.30, Dec 25, Jan 1, Aug 15 closed
Basilica San Marco
- Piazza di San Marco, 48
- summer Mon–Sun 07.00–12.30 and 16.00–18.30
Piazza Venezia on the map of Rome:
In the middle of the fifteenth century, Cardinal Pavel Barbo began building his own residence, deciding to take the medieval tower of Bishcha as a basis. The cardinal wanted to increase the height of the tower and equip it with powerful battlements that would be repeated along the upper part of the entire facade. It should be noted that this building already then faced the modern one.
Work was briefly suspended, only to continue with even greater zeal after the cardinal becomes pope and receives the name of Paul II. Because of these events, it was decided to expand the palace a little more and equip it in the Renaissance style.
During the years of the pontificate of Paul II, the Basilica of San Marco was added to the palace, decorating and enriching its architectural ensemble. The facade of the basilica was redesigned by the famous architect Alberti. At the same time, this building had to be changed quite a lot due to the construction of a factory that started along Via del Plebischito.
The interior of the Palazzo Venezia includes the famous Mappamondo Hall, the decorator of which, according to some sources, was Mantegna. In the middle of the last century, Mussolini used it as his office.
At the beginning of the sixteenth century, Cardinal Lorenzo Cibo took up the reconstruction of the palace. He replanned and significantly expanded the former residence of Paul II, adding Cibo Apartments to them. Subsequently, these apartments served as the home of the cardinals of the Basilica of San Marco for more than two centuries.
At the very end of the eighteenth century, the palace became the property of the Republic of Venice and its building was converted to the needs of the Venetian ambassadors. In the mid-twenties of the last century, after a short restoration, the palace building was turned into a museum, but after five years it became the place where the Grand Council of the fascist government met.
Currently, the Museum of the Palace of Venice also occupies the buildings of the Small Palace of Venice, located next to it. This museum invites its visitors to get acquainted with the richest collections of applied art, which were partially transferred from the Chircheriano Museum. Numerous halls of the museum are filled with porcelain, bronze, silver, cult objects, paintings, weapons, crystal and carpets, created not only by Italian masters, but also by geniuses from all over the world. We recommend that you visit the Palazzo Venezia without fail, during your visit.
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