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Damage to the digestive tract. Disease of the gastrointestinal tract symptoms and treatment. Tenesmus or false urges

The lifestyle of a modern person often leads to the development of many diseases. In particular, low physical activity, improper and irregular nutrition, unfavorable ecological environment negatively affect the body, which eventually becomes difficult to maintain its normal mode of operation.

This disease manifests itself in the form of an inflammatory process covering the mucous membrane of the organ. In most cases, gastritis manifests itself in a chronic form. Often, gastritis causes the development of other gastric diseases. In the case of gastritis, the patient may complain of the following symptoms:

feeling of heaviness in the stomach
vomit
nausea
pain in the stomach

It is important to remember that many pathologies of the stomach, occurring in remission, have practically no signs of manifestation. Nevertheless, destructive processes continue in the organ even when there are no symptoms of this.

Gastritis

Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease - a lot!

In the case of gastritis, against the background of low acidity of the organ, various formations are formed on the lining of the stomach - tumors and polyps. Food is not digested sufficiently, the digestion process deteriorates, the patient may suffer from anemia.

When sick. proceeding with increased acidity, hydrochloric acid corrodes the walls of the organ, erosion and ulcers form. In especially severe cases, perforation of the stomach is possible - the formation of a hole, as a result of which the contents of the organ flow into the abdominal cavity.

Ulcer

Behind gastritis, in the list of diseases of the stomach, are ulcers and erosions, also called peptic ulcers. They are damage that occurs on the mucous membrane of the organ, or else. The difference between an ulcer and erosion is in the degree of tissue damage. In the case of erosion, shallow damage to the mucosa occurs, which does not affect the underlying tissues.

The main sign of the occurrence of ulcers is acute pain that haunts the patient both when his stomach is empty and some time after it is filled with food. Peptic ulcers are characterized by seasonal exacerbations.

functional indigestion

Pathology of an organ, not accompanied by changes in the integrity of its shell. This disorder includes an abnormal change in the acidity of gastric juice, dyspepsia, various administrations, hypotension, and vomiting. In case of functional diseases, the following symptoms appear:

belching
general weakness
irritability
temperature increase (in case of poisoning)

Most pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract have similar symptoms. In order to accurately determine the disease, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist. This must be done in a timely manner, immediately after the slightest suspicion of the occurrence of pathology.

Bowel diseases and their symptoms

Improper nutrition is the main cause of diseases of the digestive tract

The basis of a variety of bowel diseases is inflammation, which can be acute, chronic or infectious. In the process of development of the inflammatory phenomenon, not only one section of the intestine, but several at once, can be affected. Depending on the localization of inflammation, the disease has a specific name:

enteritis
sigmoiditis
proctitis
colitis
typhlitis

As a result of inflammation, the mucous membrane of the affected intestine becomes hyperemic, edematous, discharge of a different nature can be produced: hemorrhagic, serous or purulent. In especially severe cases, frequently bleeding ulcers develop. If the development of the ulcer is not stopped, it eventually causes perforation of the affected area and the subsequent development of peritonitis. Intestinal pathologies negatively affect its functions:

digestion worsens
stops the absorption of nutrients
intestinal peristalsis worsens
there is an increase

The main signs of the occurrence of pathologies are:

diarrhea
constipation
intestinal bleeding
loss of appetite

Depending on the localization of the disease in the intestine, it has a specific name. In general, the symptoms of all diseases are similar and the main one is the occurrence of pain.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases

Since almost all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have fairly similar symptoms, it is necessary to consider each of them in more detail.

Nausea

Human intestine - schematic

This symptom can be defined as an unpleasant sensation, which is accompanied by increased salivation, general weakness, low pressure and is localized in the epigastric region. In the case of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, this symptom is a reflex, which indicates irritation of the receptors in the stomach or biliary tract.

There are many reasons for this unpleasant symptom. It often accompanies diseases such as gastritis, ulcers, tumor disease, pancreatitis,.

Vomit

The process by which the contents of the stomach are expelled through the mouth. If vomiting is caused as a result of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, then its occurrence is associated with the same reasons as the previous symptom. Frequent vomiting threatens the risk of dehydration and the occurrence of electrolyte imbalance in the body.

Belching

The process by which gases are released from the stomach through the mouth. Aerophagia - swallowing air while eating can also cause belching. This symptom may indicate a deterioration in the functioning of the upper sections of the stomach and other diseases.

Bitterness in the mouth

Symptoms of hepatic dyspepsia. Appears as a result of impaired motility of the gallbladder and excretory duct, stomach, duodenum. This symptom most often occurs with cholecystitis and. It is also possible its appearance in peptic ulcers of the organs.

Pain in the abdomen

Pain as a symptom of gastrointestinal disease

This symptom may indicate the development of any disease of the gastrointestinal tract. If the cause lies in the hollow organs - the stomach or intestines, then the occurrence of pain indicates a spasm of smooth muscles, or stretching of the walls of the organ.

This is usually observed in case of blood flow disorders, as well as in the presence of inflammation. When pathology affects a non-hollow organ - pancreas, etc., then the appearance of pain indicates an abnormal increase in the size of this organ.

Diarrhea

Frequent bowel movements, during which there is an increase in the volume of feces, as well as their liquefaction. The occurrence of diarrhea is associated with the rapid movement of food through the digestive tract, as a result of which the food does not have time to undergo normal processing, and the liquid is not absorbed normally. The most common cause is intestinal inflammation caused by viruses or bacteria.

In addition, the cause of diarrhea may be a digestive disorder, which is observed with pancreatitis or cholestasis. In some cases, diarrhea is a side effect of certain medications.

Constipation

A bowel condition that makes it difficult to empty. The feces become harder, the patient suffers from pain and flatulence. As a rule, constipation indicates a deterioration in the motility of the large intestine. Also, constipation can be caused. There are many types of constipation, each of which occurs with a particular disease.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by similar symptoms. If they occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The gastrointestinal tract is a part of the digestive system that plays an important role in the digestion process. When the functioning of this system deteriorates, the entire human body suffers and the quality of life deteriorates. have certain symptoms, knowing which you can timely detect the fact of the onset of the disease and prevent its further development by contacting a gastroenterologist.

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Bowel diseases, symptoms and signs of the disease, are the result of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. The main symptoms are pain in the lower abdomen, diarrhea or constipation. However, it is worth finding out other symptoms of intestinal disorders, and the most common diseases of the digestive system. Accurate identification of symptomatic signs is very important because it narrows down the number of diseases that should be taken into account in the diagnosis.

Diseases of the stomach and intestines have many common symptomatic signs, however, most of them occur in other clinical conditions that are not associated with problems of the digestive tract. Therefore, the diagnosis of intestinal diseases requires a thorough laboratory and instrumental examination. The main symptoms and signs of bowel disease are diarrhea when the number of bowel movements is more than three times a day, and the stool has a liquid consistency.

The most common causes of diarrhea are:

Violation of intestinal absorption of nutrients - absorption.
Gastrointestinal response to drugs.
The presence of a gastrointestinal infection in the body.
Deficiency of a digestive enzyme, such as lactase.
Hypersensitivity of the intestine to a certain type of food.
Functional disorders, for example,.
Clinical disorders of the pancreas or thyroid gland.

In addition, often diarrhea occurs in people traveling to countries with a lower standard of hygiene, which is a separate disease, medically defined as "traveler's diarrhea".

The next signs and symptoms of bowel disease are abdominal pain. However, in addition to intestinal disorders, such symptoms may also indicate clinical problems with the liver, pancreas, blood vessels, urinary system, reproductive organs in women, and so on. Such symptoms should be strictly differentiated, since pain localization during inflammation of the small intestine is pain in the middle part of the abdomen, and diseases of the large intestine respond with pain in the lower abdomen, on the right or left side.

Nausea and vomiting are other possible symptoms and signs of bowel disease. However, such manifestations are rare in inflammation of the small or large intestine. Gag reflex and nausea may indicate both about and / or the stomach, and about disorders of the central nervous system, balance organs, diseases of the liver, or urinary system.

Constipation, when the number of bowel movements is less than twice a week, is another symptom of bowel disease in women and men. If the causes of constipation are identified, then most often we are dealing with diseases of the large intestine. However, inflammation of the small and / or rectum, nervous disorders, endocrine disorders and other inflammatory reactions in the body can also make it difficult to defecate.

Gastrointestinal diagnostics

To diagnose the symptoms of bowel diseases in women or men, you can use various methods of laboratory and instrumental testing:

Endoscopy of the small intestine, that is, observation of it from the inside with the help of a special device - an endoscope.
Gastroscopy, or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, allows you to view not only the esophagus and stomach, but also the initial section of the small intestine.
Rectoscopy and colonoscopy, allows you to assess the condition of the colon.

Obviously, in addition to these diagnostic methods, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance are useful.

Diseases of the small intestine

The human small intestine, located between the stomach and the large intestine, performs the main process of digestion - the absorption and movement of food. The food mass treated with saliva and gastric juice reacts with intestinal secretions, bile and pancreatic juice and then enters the small intestine. Due to the absorption and production of enzymes together with the pancreas and gallbladder, the food mass is split into separate components in the small intestine. The process of digestion and subsequent absorption is possible thanks to the intestinal villi, which facilitate the task of assimilation of food by the body.

Like the large intestine, the small intestine is constantly in motion - the peristaltic wave propagates along the intestine, causing food to move, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive tract. Any deviation from the norm caused by inflammation in the small intestine disrupts the overall functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

celiac disease

Ulcerative colitis of the colon

And also Crohn's disease refers to the so-called inflammatory bowel disease, with the difference that it covers only the large intestine. During this disease, inflammation and damage to the mucous membrane occurs for unknown reasons. The main symptoms of ulcerative colitis are:

diarrhea with an admixture of blood;
weakness and weight loss;
fever.

The disease has a long course with remissions and varying degrees of severity. Diagnostic evaluation is based on imaging, laboratory and endoscopic examinations. In the treatment of ulcerative colitis, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants are used, as well as after complications or lack of improvement after conservative treatment - surgery.

microscopic colitis

Another type of colon disease is microscopic colitis, which is characterized by a lack of visualization, and the diagnosis is made on the basis of microscopic data from laboratory examination of specimens. Symptoms of microscopic colitis include profuse watery diarrhea, weight loss, pain, and bloating.

Diverticula of the large intestine

A Meckel diverticulum is a small bulge on the outside of the ileum wall. The frequency of formation of a diverticulum of the large intestine increases with the age of a person, and usually every third inhabitant of the planet over 60 years of age has a similar physiological deviation. As a rule, signs of a diverticulum of the colon are discovered by chance, during a preventive examination. Symptoms of a colonic diverticulum are mild and include abdominal pain, diarrhea alternating with constipation, and bloating. Despite a seemingly harmless condition, intestinal diverticulum can cause inflammation and abscess in the abdominal cavity, as well as cause bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract. Such complications require hospitalization and intensive care.

Oncology of the intestine: symptoms and signs of the disease

A colon polyp is a bulge in the inner wall of the intestine that has a variety of causes. The structure of polyps in the intestine can develop as a hemangioma, lipoma or cancer. The most common reason for the formation of polyps in the colon is the excessive multiplication of mucosal cells.

There are several types of polyposis of the large intestine:

non-cancerous: juvenile, inflammatory or so-called Pezza-Jaghers polyps;
adenomatous polyps, unfortunately, prone to malignant treatment and development into cancer.

Symptoms of chronic intestinal polyposis are characterized by rectal bleeding, frequent stools with mucus and blood impurities. Diagnosis by colonoscopy allows you to detect asymptomatic polyps in the intestine before they develop into a cancerous tumor.

colon cancer

Colorectal cancer develops in 90% of adenomatous polyps and most often occurs in the elderly and senile age.

Symptoms of cancer depend on its location. If the cancer appears on the right side of the colon, then it causes not too intrusive and often unnoticeable symptoms - anemia and mild pain in the abdomen. The left location results in oily bleeding and irregular bowel movements - constipation followed by diarrhea.

There are no typical symptoms of colorectal cancer, but disorders that a person should be on the lookout for are missing stools and frequent bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract. In such cases, you should immediately seek medical help.
The most important diagnostic test for the detection or exclusion of colon cancer is colonoscopy, which allows you to examine biological samples and, after examination, confirm the diagnosis of cancer.

Medical experts advise having a colonoscopy at least once every 10 years, starting at age 45-50. The main methods of treatment are chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical treatment. The choice of medical intervention depends on the severity of colon cancer.

Other diseases of the small and large intestine

Intestinal ischemia is an acute pathology that occurs due to a sharp inhibition of blood flow in the vessels that feed the intestines. Illness is the most common cause of thrombosis or embolism. When an artery suddenly closes, the symptoms of intestinal ischemia are manifested in severe abdominal pain and vomiting. The person's condition can be fatal, so once diagnosed, immediate surgery is required. However, if the ischemic process proceeds slowly, the symptoms of the disease occur due to insufficient blood flow to the intestine and appear only when the flow is severely limited and prevents the collection of all digested substances. The most common signs of intestinal ischemia are:

weight loss;
diarrhea;
pain in the abdomen after a large meal.

Treatment of intestinal ischemia usually involves intravascular arterial clearance, that is, the rapid clearance of biological fluid in the intestine.

Crohn's disease

The disease refers to the so-called inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract, which affects any part of the digestive tract. However, Crohn's disease most often spreads in the final part of the small intestine - the terminal ileum. During this disease, systemic symptoms are characteristic:

general weakness of the body;
fever;
weight loss;
abdominal pain;
diarrhea with blood;
ulcers in the anus;
perianal abscess.

The latter symptoms are most expressive of the diagnostic confirmation of Crohn's disease. Treatment of clinical pathology is long with periods of intensity and remission of symptoms, but, unfortunately, is not always effective. In drug therapy, anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and so-called biological drugs are used, and in case of complications, surgical treatment is necessary.

Intestinal obstruction

The pathological syndrome is characterized by a partial or complete disruption of the transport of intestinal contents through the digestive tract, and is a particularly dangerous condition for human life, requiring immediate medical action, since there is a risk of developing peritonitis. A characteristic triad of symptomatic signs in intestinal obstruction: severe abdominal pain - nausea and vomiting - constipation.

There are many causes of obstruction, such as adhesive bowel disease, pancreatitis, appendicitis, bowel tumor, hernia, and so on. Medical care for intestinal obstruction is a surgical operation.

Intestinal hypersensitivity

Regardless of gender and age of a person, an allergic or non-allergic abnormal reaction of the body to certain foods is possible. Intestinal hypersensitivity to foods is defined when pain symptoms are reproduced after eating a certain food or any food ingredient.

The most common sensitizing foods are cow's milk proteins, eggs, fish, seafood, and nuts.

It happens that the so-called cross-reaction occurs in the intestine, that is, the appearance of unpleasant symptoms after eating, which is different from the one after which hypersensitivity was found. Clinicians distinguish two forms of this disease:

anaphylactic gastrointestinal reaction;
eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

The first symptoms are nausea, vomiting, pain in the lower abdomen and diarrhea. As a rule, the inflammatory reaction is accompanied by a skin rash and shortness of breath. With eosinophilic gastroenteritis, lack of appetite and anemia are added to the characteristic signs. Diagnosing intestinal hypersensitivity to food is very difficult, since its symptoms can occur with other inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, skin diseases, and disorders of the respiratory system. Symptoms of bowel disease are similar to asthma, allergic rhinitis and other allergic diseases. Therapeutic treatment primarily includes the exclusion of allergens from the diet and the use of antiallergic drugs.

Food poisoning

Food intoxication caused by eating food containing pathogenic bacteria or their toxins is a very common pathology among gastrointestinal disorders. It is especially common when common complaints of a person are diarrhea, weakness of the body, vomiting and nausea, spasmodic abdominal pain and fever.

It should be noted that the first symptoms of food poisoning may appear several hours or even days after eating.

In the treatment of food intoxication, care should be taken, first of all, about proper hydration and the delivery of electrolytes to the body. In addition, you should pay attention to the diet and in case of poisoning, refuse to eat any food except water for 2-3 days. In the future, easily digestible foods are recommended:

boiled rice and other cereals;
bananas;
natural yogurt;
boiled meat in small portions.

In addition, the consumption of fried foods and milk is strictly prohibited. Prevention of food poisoning is primarily hand hygiene and the use of food and water from proven sources.

Prevention of intestinal diseases

Intestinal diseases can be prevented by therapeutic prophylaxis, which is known to everyone:

Observe the principle of a healthy diet, eating only high-quality foods with a sufficient content of mineral and vitamin components.
Lead a healthy lifestyle, giving preference to regular physical activity, outdoor activities, etc.
Avoid stressful situations.
Timely prevent constipation.
Maintain personal and sanitary hygiene.

Of no small importance in the prevention of intestinal disorders is a periodic examination of the gastrointestinal tract by a gastroenterologist. Take care of yourself and be always healthy!

Diseases of the stomach are very dangerous, so it is important to identify them in the early stages of development.

The stomach is one of the most important organs in our body. It is he who is responsible for the digestion of food and the further absorption of nutrients from it. The stomach also plays the role of a barrier. It prevents the penetration of various pathogenic microbes into our body, which easily come to us with poor-quality food.

It is no secret that everything in our body is closely connected, and if the listed functions of digestion are violated, damage to other vital human systems is also possible.

It is important to know the symptoms of stomach diseases, which should alert and, possibly, push for an unscheduled examination.

Gastritis (acute and chronic), ulcers, gastroparesis and cancer are the most common diseases of the stomach.

Acute and chronic gastritis

The most common disease affecting the digestive organ is gastritis, or inflammation of the stomach. There are acute and chronic forms.

Acute gastritis is a one-time (one-time) inflammation of the gastric mucosa. The reason for it, as a rule, is a strong irritant: bacteria ingested with food; medication taken; Chemical substance.

Chronic gastritis is a long-term disease of the stomach with occasional frequent exacerbations. The following is a list of causes that can cause stomach problems:

chronic nervousness, prolonged stress;
various pathogens (the most common bacterium that causes gastritis is called Helicobacter pylori);
malnutrition (including exhaustion of the body with diets, abuse of spicy, salty, fatty foods, fast foods);
metabolic disease;
long-term use of certain groups of drugs (for example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
alcoholism;
infectious diseases, especially in a chronic form;
avitaminosis;
heredity and others.

It is impossible not to say about such a cause of gastritis as autoimmune processes in the body. This is a severe human immunological disease, when the body rejects and destroys the walls and mucous membrane of the stomach.

We disassembled the causes of stomach disease, symptoms, treatment depends on the stage and form of the disease. So, with infectious gastritis, an increase in body temperature is possible. People suffering from chronic gastritis notice a decrease in appetite and weight loss, a disgusting aftertaste in the throat, heartburn, constipation (diarrhea), and flatulence. However, in any case, you should be alerted by pain in the upper abdomen. It can be both aching and sharp, or aggravated during meals. Gastritis can be accompanied by nausea and even vomiting.

Treatment is to eliminate the causes of the disease. So, with bacterial gastritis, a course of antibiotics will be required. In addition, patients are recommended a special diet: avoiding fatty and fried, spicy foods, limiting products that cause fermentation (in particular, bakery products, milk, grapes, etc.). You will have to give up alcohol, chocolate, canned food, smoked products, soda, spices and spices.

It is important to remember: painkillers from the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should not be used to relieve pain. These are drugs based on acetylsalicylic acid (citramon, aspirin, etc.), ibuprofen (nurofen, ibuprofen). Such drugs provoke inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

To normalize the acidity of gastric juice, preparations with an enveloping effect, as well as absorbents, are used.

Remember: a qualified doctor should prescribe treatment and dosage.

The most dangerous form of the chronic course of the disease is atrophic gastritis. This disease of the stomach develops against the background of prolonged inflammation of the mucous membrane of the digestive organ and leads to the gradual destruction of the glands responsible for the secretion of gastric juice.

Chronic gastritis can cause the development of another serious pathology. This is a stomach ulcer, the symptoms of which are often similar to gastritis.

peptic ulcer

An ulcer is a deep wound in the mucous membrane of the main digestive organ. It penetrates into the submucosal layers of the stomach.

This disease is chronic. There are exacerbations, which are then replaced by periods of significant weakening or even complete disappearance of symptoms.

A stomach ulcer should be distinguished from erosive gastritis. Erosions do not affect the deep layers of the gastric mucosa and pass without a trace. A healed ulcer leaves a scar behind.

Often, a stomach ulcer develops against the background of chronic gastritis and the ingestion of Helicobacter pylori into the body. However, not only these factors contribute to the formation of wounds in the stomach. A long-term violation of the correct way of life affects. For example, the abuse of alcoholic beverages, smoking, non-compliance with the rules of nutrition (poor-quality snacks, a downed diet, a lot of fatty, spicy, exotic food in the diet). Blame can be a regular or one-time (in large doses) intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Contribute to the development of the disease and emotional stress (regular stress, nervous breakdowns, overexertion).

In addition, an ulcer can develop against a background of a number of other chronic diseases, including those associated with the endocrine, cardiovascular system, or problems with other digestive organs.

Signs of a stomach ulcer:

"hunger pain" 3-4 hours after eating;
pain, especially in the central part of the abdomen (acute, burning in nature);
a feeling of heaviness, a feeling of fullness and fullness in the abdomen;
nausea, vomiting, heartburn, belching.

How to treat a stomach ulcer? As in the situation with gastritis, the disease in question is treated by acting on its cause. However, remember: with a stomach ulcer, symptoms and treatment should be determined only under close medical supervision. As a rule, treatment is aimed at destroying the bacteria provoking the disease, as well as normalizing the acidity of gastric juice. Often, antacids or antisecretory drugs are used for this.

Diet is important. You will have to refrain from alcoholic and carbonated drinks and smoking.

This stomach disease is dangerous for the development of such complications:

stomach bleeding;
peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum);
perforation (rupture of the wall) of the stomach;
oncological disease (cancer) and others.

Most of these complications require immediate surgical intervention.

These reasons are enough to take care of your health very carefully. Regular examination will help to diagnose the disease at an early stage, and adequate competent treatment prescribed by a specialist will reduce the risk of complications to a minimum.

Deceleration of motility

Another ailment that disrupts the work of the stomach is gastroparesis. What is this stomach disease? It is associated with motor dysfunction of the abdominal organ. In other words, the muscular apparatus of the stomach weakens, and at the same time, the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract slows down.

Symptoms of the disease are very similar to other diseases of the digestive tract. Nausea occurs, vomiting is possible immediately after eating, pain is felt in the stomach area. Many note the rapid saturation of food and, as a result, bloating.

Due to similar symptoms, a diagnosis of gastroparesis can only be made after a thorough examination.

What is the danger of this disease? The disease can cause:

metabolic disease;
nutritional deficiencies, beriberi;
weight loss due to a sharp reduction in the amount of food.

The risk of developing gastroparesis increases with diabetes mellitus, past intestinal infections, as well as after surgical interventions affecting the organs of the gastrointestinal tract.

One of the areas of treatment for such a disease of the stomach will be the prevention of dangerous consequences. So, first of all, adjust the diet. It is important to eat in small portions and often (up to 5-6 times a day). Rough food is reduced or excluded completely, they switch to puree, liquid food. Your doctor may suggest special nutrients. Prescribed and drugs that stimulate gastric motility, if necessary, antiemetic drugs.

Adenocarcinoma

Perhaps the most terrible disease of the stomach is cancer. This is an oncological disease. A malignant tumor develops from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa.

Alcoholism, smoking, unhealthy diet, chronic stomach diseases, genetic predisposition can provoke oncology. A malignant neoplasm can develop in patients with atrophic gastritis.

Surprisingly, cancer often proceeds completely without symptoms, only in the later stages there is a pronounced clinical picture: terrible pain, vomiting, nausea, weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss, painful bloating.

Cancer treatment can be effective and successful if the disease is diagnosed early. As a rule, this is a surgical operation.

Signs of diseases

You should certainly be alerted by the following signs of stomach disease:

loss of appetite;
pain in the abdomen of any nature (especially those that occur during meals);
any disturbances in the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, nausea, frequent heartburn, sour belching, constipation or, conversely, diarrhea);
constant feeling of thirst;
weakness, lethargy, fatigue, dizziness;
sudden weight loss.

Listen to your body. At first glance, the listed ailments occur in everyone. However, they can be symptoms of dangerous diseases.

The main method for diagnosing diseases of the stomach is gastroscopy. Such an examination will help to identify problems with the stomach, even in the early stages.

Remember: if you find yourself worrying signs, you should immediately seek advice from a gastroenterologist.

If the stomach is concerned, the doctor will help to distinguish diseases and symptoms. Be healthy!

The digestive system, the main part of which is the gastrointestinal tract, is one of the vital human systems. Violation of any of its functions and the development of various pathologies adversely affect the quality of human life and lead to many health problems. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have characteristic symptoms that everyone should be aware of.

Gastrointestinal tract and the causes of its pathologies

Gastrointestinal tract - as one mechanism

The human body is a complex mechanism consisting of many systems that function smoothly and ensure its viability. The digestive system plays an important role in the life of any organism.

This is due to the fact that a person cannot live without food: with food, he gets everything he needs for normal life - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, various vitamins and other elements.

These particles not only play the role of "fuel", filling the body with the necessary energy, but are also necessary as a building material that is used to restore and create new cells in all human organs and systems.

The gastrointestinal tract is a part of the digestive system, with the help of which the body processes the food coming through the mouth and esophagus, and receives from it all the useful and necessary components. The digestive system has several functions, among which are:

motor-mechanical function that contributes to the grinding of food, its normal transportation through the intestines for the purpose of further withdrawal
secretory function - with its help, the necessary processing of crushed food particles is carried out with the help of various enzymes, juices, bile. Secretory function is necessary for the digestion process to take place correctly and fully.
suction function, through the implementation of which the assimilation of all necessary nutrients and fluids occurs

Gastrointestinal diseases are divided into 3 groups

Under the influence of many negative factors, malfunctions often occur in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which the occurrence and development of diseases of this part of the human digestive system occurs. The development of such pathologies can be triggered by the following reasons:

Due to the fact that this list of causes is quite wide, the likelihood of a particular disease of the digestive system is quite high. It is extremely important to pay attention to the state of your health and in case of the slightest signs of disturbances in the functioning of the body, consult a doctor in a timely manner. This will help reduce the risk of developing serious diseases and their consequences.

Many factors can lead to the development of pathologies of the intestines and other parts of the digestive system, so you need to be extremely careful about your health.

Common diseases of the stomach

One of the main organs is the stomach.

The stomach is one of the main organs that are part of the gastrointestinal tract. So, in it, food is processed by gastric juice, as a result of which the process of digestion begins directly.

Food exposed to gastric juice becomes more liquid. In this state, the ground food is called chyme. After the stomach, chyme, through the lower sphincter of the organ, enters the following sections of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to liquefying food, under the action of digestive enzymes and gastric juice, proteins are decomposed, the so-called hydrolysis.

Also, the acidic environment of the stomach is an excellent barrier to a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. The organ itself is protected from aggressive hydrochloric acid by the mucous membrane. Pathologies of the stomach are divided into three groups:

functional
infectious
inflammatory

The division is based on differences in the symptoms of different diseases. Each classification manifests itself in its own way, and the signs of diseases differ depending on the course of the disease and the degree of its neglect. The course of diseases of the stomach can be either acute or chronic.

As a rule, acute forms of organ diseases occur as a result of an infectious disease or poisoning with toxins. The chronic form is the result of the influence of negative factors over a long period of time. Serious diseases of the stomach, such as cancer, are difficult to treat. Their therapy depends on the timeliness of the patient's request for medical help.

Due to the fact that many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have very similar symptoms, an accurate diagnosis, on which the effectiveness of therapy directly depends, can only be made by a gastroenterologist. Among the diseases that affect the stomach, pathologies such as gastritis are leading in frequency of occurrence.

feeling of heaviness in the stomach
vomit
heartburn
nausea
belching
pain in the stomach

Gastritis

Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease - a lot!

Ulcer

Behind gastritis, in the list of diseases of the stomach, are ulcers and erosions, also called peptic ulcers. They are damage that occurs on the mucous membrane of the organ, or the duodenum. The difference between an ulcer and erosion is in the degree of tissue damage. In the case of erosion, shallow damage to the mucosa occurs, which does not affect the underlying tissues.

functional indigestion

nausea
belching
general weakness
irritability
vomit
temperature increase (in case of poisoning)

Bowel diseases and their symptoms

Improper nutrition is the main cause of diseases of the digestive tract

enteritis
appendicitis
sigmoiditis
proctitis
colitis
typhlitis

digestion worsens
stops the absorption of nutrients
intestinal peristalsis worsens
there is an increase in mucous secretions

The main signs of the occurrence of pathologies are:

pain in the abdomen
flatulence
diarrhea
constipation
intestinal bleeding
loss of appetite

Depending on the localization of the disease in the intestine, it has a specific name. In general, the symptoms of all diseases are similar and the main one is the occurrence of pain.

Symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases

Since almost all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have fairly similar symptoms, it is necessary to consider each of them in more detail.

Nausea

Human intestine - schematic

There are many reasons for this unpleasant symptom. It often accompanies diseases such as gastritis, ulcers, tumor disease, pancreatitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis.

Vomit

Belching

Bitterness in the mouth

Symptoms of hepatic dyspepsia. Appears as a result of impaired motility of the gallbladder and excretory duct, stomach, duodenum. This symptom most often occurs with cholecystitis and pancreatitis. It is also possible its appearance in peptic ulcers of the organs.

Pain in the abdomen

Pain as a symptom of gastrointestinal disease

This is usually observed in case of blood flow disorders, as well as in the presence of inflammation. When pathology affects a non-hollow organ - the liver, pancreas, etc., then the appearance of pain indicates an abnormal increase in the size of this organ.

Diarrhea

Frequent bowel movements, during which there is an increase in the volume of feces, as well as their liquefaction. The occurrence of diarrhea is associated with the rapid movement of food through the digestive tract, as a result of which the food does not have time to undergo normal processing, and the liquid is not absorbed normally. The most common cause of diarrhea is intestinal inflammation caused by viruses or bacteria.

In addition, the cause of diarrhea may be a digestive disorder, which is observed with pancreatitis or cholestasis. In some cases, diarrhea is a side effect of certain medications.

Constipation

A bowel condition that makes it difficult to empty. The feces become harder, the patient suffers from pain and flatulence. As a rule, constipation indicates a deterioration in the motility of the large intestine. Also, constipation can be caused by pathologies of the rectum. There are many types of constipation, each of which occurs with a particular disease.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by similar symptoms. If they occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The gastrointestinal tract is a part of the digestive system that plays an important role in the digestion process. When the functioning of this system deteriorates, the entire human body suffers and the quality of life deteriorates. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have certain symptoms, knowing which you can timely detect the fact of the onset of the disease and prevent its further development by contacting a gastroenterologist.

Thematic video material will acquaint you with the digestive system of the human body:

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are quite common health disorders. We are talking about parts of the system, starting from the pharynx and pumping the anus. The increase in the number of cases is due to malnutrition, unfavorable environmental conditions, and the use of products containing non-natural components. The older the person, the higher the likelihood of any pathology of the digestive tract. After thirty years, every fourth person notes violations in the work of the digestive tract, and experts say that the pathologies of the digestive system occupy a leading place among the general morbidity. Let's try to figure out what are the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, symptoms and treatment of disorders.

The digestive tract and everything about it

From food we get the necessary components for an active and fulfilling life. The mineral-vitamin complex, proteins, fats and carbohydrates allow the whole body to fully exist and work smoothly. The digestive system performs a number of important functions:

in the digestive organs, food products are broken down, they are promoted and excreted from the body - a motor-mechanical function;
there is a development of the necessary chemical elements for the breakdown of incoming food - a secretory function;
nutrients and useful components are absorbed through the walls of the digestive organs - the suction function.

The digestive organs perform a very important job, so any failure in their functioning leads to a disruption in the proper functioning of the whole organism.

Causes of disorders in the digestive system

Why do malfunctions occur in the work of one or another organ of the digestive tract?

There are several reasons that act as provoking factors:

If you experience incomprehensible alarming symptoms, you should visit a specialist and undergo adequate treatment. If you ignore the signs of trouble, severe and serious pathology can develop.

Symptoms of disorders in the digestive tract

The general symptoms of indigestion have been sufficiently studied. In each special case, some symptoms are more pronounced, others are almost invisible. It all depends on the organ that is affected and the complexity of the course of the disease. The most common symptoms of disorders in the functioning of the digestive tract are as follows:

Pain in the abdomen is the most common symptom of the disease, manifested in ulcerative pathologies of the stomach, colic. Localization of pain and the degree of its manifestation depends on the stage of the pathological process. If there is a perforated ulcer, the pain is very pronounced.
Belching is another specific symptom that indicates a problem in the digestive organs. Belching can be varied, with or without a smell, a specialist can identify which organ suffers by the characteristics of the belched air.
Heartburn occurs when stomach contents back up into the esophagus. This may be a manifestation of organic damage to the organ or excessive secretion activity.
Nausea and vomiting are a vivid symptom of the pathology of the digestive system. Constant mild nausea indicates gastritis, and vomiting may be a manifestation of an ulcer or stomach cancer.
Increased gas formation may be the result of the predominance in the diet of foods that include a large amount of fiber (beans, cabbage). If there are no errors in nutrition, one can assume insufficient coherence in the work of the pancreas, intestinal obstruction and dysbacteriosis.

The listed symptoms indicate the pathology of the digestive system, but there are some manifestations that can also be the result of problems with the digestive tract:

feeling of heaviness in the abdomen;
aversion to certain foods or food in general;
bitter taste in the mouth;
the appearance of a white coating on the tongue;
feeling of thirst;
profuse salivation;
systematic manifestation of diarrhea and constipation;
causeless weight loss;
weakness, loss of strength;
pallor of the skin.

About monitor bowel cleansing

The whole range of pathological symptoms is very dangerous for health and worsens the quality of human life. Untimely appeal for qualified help can provoke a deterioration in the condition and the transition of the disease from the category of acute to chronic.

A little about pain in diseases of the digestive tract

Since pain is considered the most characteristic feature of the disease of the gastrointestinal tract, the specialist will try to thoroughly find out all the information about its nature:

the nature of the pain - dull, sharp, pulling, burning, etc .;
localization;
intensity - whether there are periods of relief or continuous pain;
duration - depends on the type of disease and can last from several minutes to several hours, disturb for weeks;
irradiation - where and how it gives pain.

Specialists can identify the problematic organ by analyzing the nature of the painful manifestations:

upper epigastrium - lower esophagus, stomach;
on the right under the ribs - a disease of the gallbladder, pancreas;
on the left under the ribs - the stomach, pancreas;
the region of the left shoulder blade - the gallbladder;
between the shovels - the esophagus;
pain radiates to the shoulder - spleen, stomach ulcer;
groin - kidneys.

Classification of gastrointestinal problems

Numerous dysfunctions of the digestive tract can be divided into the following subspecies:

diseases of an infectious nature;
non-infectious diseases.

Based on the fact that it is in the gastrointestinal tract that suffers, diseases of the following organs are distinguished:

stomach;
esophagus
all parts of the intestine;
liver.

Pathological changes in the digestive system can be acquired or hereditary, and the course of the disease can be acute or chronic.

Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria and viruses. The most common bacteria are:

staphylococcus;
salmonellosis;
typhoid fever;
cholera;
botulism.

Such diseases are characterized by acute onset and poor tolerance. The disease progresses very quickly, it is necessary to begin treatment immediately.

About increased gas formation in the intestines

The most popular pathologies of the digestive system

The most common diseases are the following health disorders:

Gastritis is a pathology that ranks first in frequency of occurrence. This health disorder involves damage to the gastric mucosa. The bacterium Helicobacter pylori causes this disease, and alcohol consumption, smoking and imperfect nutrition provoke the development of pathology.
Colitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine. Pathology can appear on the background of a bacterial infection. Ulcers of various sizes on the walls of the organ provoke intestinal bleeding, inflammation of the peritoneum, blockage of the intestine, and malignant neoplasms.
Viral hepatitis is damage to the liver by various viruses.
Cirrhosis of the liver is a degeneration of the cells of the organ, which cannot be corrected and can cause the death of the patient.
Gastric and duodenal ulcers occur for many reasons. Damage to the integrity of the walls of the organ can cause conditions that are dangerous to health and life.
Dysbacteriosis is the reproduction of pathogenic flora, as a result of which the amount of beneficial flora decreases.
Cholecystitis is an inflammatory process in the gallbladder that causes severe symptoms: nausea, pain, and an unpleasant taste in the mouth.
Pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas against the background of a large number of pathological symptoms.

The list of diseases of the digestive tract is much larger, only the most common ones are described.

Treatment of pathological conditions of the digestive tract

How exactly to influence the disease, only a doctor can say. You can not ignore the disease or prescribe treatment yourself. Features of therapy depend on the specific organ on which the effect is made.

As a rule, there are a number of remedies that can positively affect the course of the disease:

Dietary nutrition for diseases of the digestive system is the main requirement and allows you to normalize the condition. It is recommended to eat rationally, combining properly cooked and whole foods. Cooking should be done with minimal use of oil, steamed, boiled, stewed foods should prevail. Some diseases have diametrically opposite treatment conditions: for diarrhea, rice water is recommended, and for constipation, rice is contraindicated. Fatty, spicy foods, fast food and convenience foods are removed from the diet. Banned sweets, alcohol, coffee and strong tea.
The specialist prescribes herbal teas taking into account the disease.
Treatment with medications or alternative medicine prescriptions.
If necessary, surgical or physiotherapy treatment.

Regardless of the disease, you should eat small portions fractionally, ideally if at the same time. You should carefully observe the drinking regimen, excluding carbonated drinks. Best to use:

steam dishes;
low-fat broths;
vegetable stew;
cereals;
puree.

Mandatory refusal of seasonings, sauces, mayonnaise, canned food and semi-finished products.

Prevention of diseases of the digestive tract

A person has the power to influence the situation and stabilize the state. If the cause of the pathological condition is malnutrition and general regimen, you need to reconsider your lifestyle:

It is easier to avoid a serious illness than to spend time, effort and money on treatment. Do not be ill!

The stomach is one of the vital human organs. Unfortunately, in medical practice, diseases of both the entire digestive tract and the stomach in particular are often encountered. Moreover, among patients with a gastroenterological profile, there is an increasing number of young patients.

Important! It must be remembered that stomach diseases are very dangerous and therefore must be detected and eliminated already at the very first stages of their development in order to avoid serious problems.

There are many reasons for stomach problems. This is irrational nutrition, and the abuse of strong drinks, and uncured autoimmune diseases. As for poor nutrition, the cause of the disorder can be junk food, a violation of proper food intake.

If there are signs of stomach pathology, which are described below, you should contact a qualified specialist to prescribe timely and adequate treatment.

To date, a fairly large number of gastric diseases have been described. Some of them are relatively harmless, while others threaten serious consequences for the whole organism. Any disease is manifested by syndromes. And each syndrome, in turn, has a number of symptoms. It is the symptoms of gastric diseases that reduce the quality of a person’s life and force him to see a doctor.

On a note! The main symptoms of diseases of the stomach are pain in the abdomen, discomfort in the stomach, as well as certain digestive disorders.

Consider the above symptoms in more detail.

Symptoms	Probable disease	Image
Aching pain in the upper abdomen
Moderate upper abdominal pain
Pain in the epigastric region
Heartburn

Pain in the pathologies of the stomach is usually felt in the upper abdomen. Otherwise, this zone is called the epigastric region. Of great importance is the nature of the pain. It can be diffuse, aching, or vice versa, paroxysmal, dagger pain. Depending on the nature of the pain, the doctor may suggest a diagnosis. Acute pain occurs with the so-called perforation of the stomach. This is an acute painful condition that requires immediate hospitalization.

Pain of a aching nature and moderate intensity may indicate a developed gastritis. As a rule, most people in such cases are helped by eating a small amount of food. Of course, such a disease cannot be launched. It is necessary to consult a doctor who should prescribe an individually selected treatment.

The next important symptom of gastric diseases is a feeling of heaviness in the stomach. It usually occurs during meals. For example, during breakfast or lunch. Sometimes this symptom appears some time after eating. Of course, we are not talking about a plentiful festive table. Indeed, after taking a large amount of any food, and especially fatty foods, any healthy person may experience discomfort in the stomach. We are talking about taking the usual amount of food on a normal day.

Another important symptom of gastric diseases is one or another indigestion. In medical science, such disorders are called dyspeptic disorders. These include:

unexpected eructation;
feeling of nausea;
vomiting arising from nausea;
disorders of the large intestine in the form of abnormal stools.

Belching is a very valuable symptom for diagnosis, since by the time of its appearance (on an empty stomach or after eating) one can judge a particular disease of the stomach. The taste of the eructation also matters, if, of course, the patient can describe it. For example, belching may be sour. In this case, it is assumed that the acid-forming activity of the gastric wall is increased and gastritis may develop.

As for abnormal stools, violations of it can be manifested by a delay in bowel movement or an abnormal consistency of the stool. This is not surprising, since an abnormally functioning stomach interferes with the functioning of the entire gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the above symptoms appear.

Video - SOS signals for your stomach

Gastritis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the gastric wall. It can be triggered by accidental or deliberate ingestion of aggressive substances. For example, solutions of acids or alkalis. In this case, acute gastritis develops. But more often there is a situation when, against the background of a long violation of the regimen and nature of nutrition, chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach wall develops. It should be noted that uncontrolled tobacco smoking often contributes to the development of chronic gastritis.

Signs of gastritis

The main symptom of developed inflammation of the gastric mucosa is aching and dull pain in the upper abdomen. Often these pains occur in a state of starvation or with long breaks between meals. Therefore, this symptom is often called hunger pains. After taking even a small amount of food, for example, after a light breakfast, such pains may disappear.

The tongue may be coated with a characteristic white coating. Often there is a constant rumbling in the abdomen, which can be heard not only by the patient himself. Another important symptom of gastritis is heartburn. Especially if inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach wall occurs with increased acid secretion. Heartburn is a specific painful sensation that is localized in the upper part of the chest, closer to its front surface. This sensation also occurs in the lower part of the neck. Heartburn often occurs after eating and is caused by the reflux of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus. Acid irritates the mucous membrane of the esophagus and causes unpleasant, painful sensations. All of the above symptoms are a reason to see a doctor.

However, it is quite possible to cure gastritis on your own if you go on a diet based on the simultaneous relaxation of the stomach and stimulation of its glands. This is achieved through the correct processing of the prepared dishes - they should be:

baked;
boiled;
steamed.

With gastritis will be extremely useful for the body:

omelets;
cottage cheese and other dairy products;
soft-boiled eggs;
non-greasy soups.

On the contrary, you should not eat with gastritis:

raw vegetables;
fried fish and meat;
canned food;
natural milk;
marinades and spices.

Stomach ulcer

A peptic ulcer is essentially a defect in the lining of this vital organ. There is a not entirely correct opinion that gastric ulcer is necessarily preceded by gastritis. This is not entirely true. Gastritis is only one of the factors provoking peptic ulcer.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of developed gastric ulcer are pain of moderate intensity in the upper abdomen. They are often associated with food intake. In addition, patients suffering from gastric ulcer often complain of sudden belching with a sour taste and heartburn.

Peptic ulcer is a rather serious disease that requires qualified medical care. Therefore, if you find yourself or your relatives with the above symptoms, you should visit a doctor as soon as possible.

Symptoms of stomach cancer

Oncological diseases of the stomach, including stomach cancer, are formidable pathologies. Nevertheless, modern medicine is able to deal with them, even in the later stages. But, of course, the earlier the diagnosis is made, the shorter and more effective the treatment will be.

Cancer is one of the most common tumors.

Important! The reasons for the development of cancerous diseases of the stomach have not yet been finally determined, but it is already known that there may be a hereditary predisposition to them. Much more often sick people whose stomach is resected.

Oncological diseases of the stomach for a long time can proceed without any symptoms. The patient may occasionally be disturbed by discomfort in the epigastric region, belching or heaviness in the stomach. In the later stages, and sometimes in the early stages (it all depends on the specific case), severe pain may appear regardless of food intake, as well as signs of internal bleeding. Such situations require immediate hospitalization.

Nonspecific, that is, characteristic of many diseases, symptoms of stomach cancer are:

weakness;
malaise;
strange weight loss with adequate nutrition.

In the diagnosis of tumors of the stomach, instrumental research methods are important. For example, x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.

functional disorder

This is an independent disease in which the mucous membrane of the stomach does not change. Heartburn is usually the first symptom. Sometimes, especially after eating, there may be pain in the pit of the stomach. Note that in this case, in addition to the stomach, there may also be problems with the heart and breathing.

Diagnosis of gastric diseases. Which specialist to contact

Important! Only a qualified specialist, based on the analysis of all the above symptoms, can suggest a particular diagnosis. In the future, additional laboratory or instrumental studies are assigned to confirm or refute it.

To make a correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment, the doctor will need data on the state of the gastric mucosa, the composition of gastric juice, and pyloric tone.

If one or more of the above complaints occur, you should contact your general practitioner, family doctor or general practitioner. He will prescribe the necessary studies and, if necessary, recommend contacting a specialist. A good option would be to independently contact a specialist who treats gastric diseases - a gastroenterologist. read our article.

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