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Calculation of radiators according to snip. Calculation of heating radiators by area - online calculator. In general, the calculation formula has the form

The problem of heating in our latitudes is much more acute than in Europe with its mild climate and warm winters. In Russia, a significant part of the territory is under the rule of winter for up to 9 months a year. Therefore, it is very important to pay sufficient attention to the choice of heating systems and the calculation of the power of heating radiators.

Unlike, where only the area is taken into account, the calculation of the power of heating radiators is carried out according to a different scheme. In this case, you should also take into account the height of the ceilings, that is, the total volume of the room in which it is planned to install or replace the heating system. You shouldn't be afraid. Ultimately, the entire calculation is based on elementary formulas, which will not be difficult to cope with. Radiators will heat the room due to convection, that is, air circulation in the room. The heated air rises and displaces the cold air. In this article you will receive the simplest calculation of the power of heating radiators

Let's take a room with an area of ​​15 square meters and with ceilings 3 meters high. The volume of air to be heated in the heating system will be:

V=15x3=45 cubic meters

Next, we consider the power that will be required to heat a room of a given volume. In our case, 45 cubic meters. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the volume of the room by the power required to heat one cubic meter of air in a given region. For Asia, the Caucasus, this is 45 watts, for the middle lane 50 watts, for the north about 60 watts. As an example, take a power of 45 watts and then we get:

45 × 45 = 2025 W - the power required to heat a room with a cubic capacity of 45 meters

Choosing a radiator based on the calculation

Steel radiators

Let's leave out the comparison of heating radiators and note only the nuances that you need to be aware of when choosing a radiator for your heating system.

In the case of calculating the power of steel heating radiators, everything is simple. There is the necessary power for the already known premises - 2025 watts. We look at the table and look for steel batteries that produce the required number of watts. Such tables are easy to find on the websites of manufacturers and sellers of similar products. Pay attention to the temperature conditions at which the heating system will be operated. It is optimal to use the battery in 70/50 C mode.

The table indicates the type of radiator. Let's take type 22 as one of the most popular and quite worthy in terms of its consumer qualities. A 600x1400 radiator is a great fit. The power of the heating radiator will be 2015 watts. It is better to take a little with a margin.

Aluminum and bimetal radiators

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators are often sold in sections. Power in tables and catalogs is indicated for one section. It is necessary to divide the power required to heat a given room by the power of one section of such a radiator, for example:

2025/150 = 14 (rounded up)

We got the required number of sections for a room with a volume of 45 cubic meters.

Don't overdo it!

14-15 sections for one radiator is the maximum. Installing radiators of 20 or more sections is inefficient. In this case, you should divide the number of sections in half and install 2 radiators of 10 sections. For example, put 1 radiator near the window, and the other near the entrance to the room or on the opposite wall.

Same with steel radiators. If the room is large enough and the radiator comes out too big, it's better to put two smaller ones, but the same total power.

If there are 2 or more windows in a room of the same volume, then a good solution would be to install a radiator under each of the windows. In the case of sectional radiators, everything is quite simple.

14/2=7 sections under each window for a room of the same volume

Radiators are usually sold in 10 sections, it is better to take an even number, for example 8. A stock of 1 section will not be superfluous in case of severe frosts. The power from this will not change much, however, the inertia of heating the radiators will decrease. This can be useful if cold air enters the room frequently. For example, if it is an office space that customers often visit. In such cases, radiators will heat the air a little faster.

What to do after the calculation?

After calculating the power of the heating radiators of all rooms, it will be necessary to select a pipeline by diameter, taps. Number of radiators, pipe length, number of radiator taps. Calculate the volume of the entire system and choose a suitable boiler for it.

For a person, the house is often associated with warmth and comfort. In order for the house to be warm, it is necessary to pay due attention to the heating system. Modern manufacturers use the latest technologies for the production of elements of heating systems. However, without proper planning of such a system, for certain premises, these technologies may be useless.

First of all, it is necessary to understand for what purposes the room will be used. What temperature regime is desirable in it. In this case, there are many subtleties that must be considered. It is advisable to do with an accurate calculation of the power of heating radiators and heat loss. Heating radiators are best installed in the part of the room where it is coldest. In the above example, the installation of radiators near windows was considered. This is one of the most profitable and efficient options for placing elements of the heating system.

Battery Power Calculation Video

Heating appliances by type and design. The next step is the calculation of heating radiators for each room of a private house, including determining the heat output and the number of sections (or the size of the panels). The simplest option is to use the online calculator of any construction portal. But it is advisable to double-check the results of calculations, otherwise you will have to pay for errors later. We offer to calculate the heat transfer of heating batteries manually, in a proven and convenient way.

Initial data for calculations

The calculation of the heat output of the batteries is carried out for each room separately, depending on the number of external walls, windows and the presence of an entrance door from the street. To correctly calculate the heat transfer indicators of heating radiators, answer 3 questions:

1. How much heat is needed to heat a living room.
2. What air temperature is planned to be maintained in a particular room.
3. The average water temperature in the heating system of an apartment or a private house.

Note. If a single-pipe wiring is installed in the cottage, you will have to make allowances for the cooling of the coolant - add sections to the last radiators.

A common way is to measure the heated area and allocate 100 W of heat per square meter, otherwise 1 kW per 10 m². We propose to clarify the methodology - to take into account the number of light openings and external walls:

• for rooms with 1 window or front door and one outer wall, leave 100 W of heat per square meter;
• corner room (2 external fences) with 1 window opening - count 120 W/m²;
• the same, 2 light openings - 130 W / m².

Important condition. The calculation gives more or less correct results with a ceiling height of up to 3 m, the building was built in the middle zone of a temperate climate. For the northern regions, an increasing coefficient of 1.5 ... 2.0 is applied, for the southern regions - a decreasing coefficient of 0.7-0.8.

Distribution of heat losses over the area of ​​a one-story house

With a ceiling height of more than 3 meters (for example, a corridor with a staircase in a two-story house), it is more correct to calculate the heat consumption by cubic capacity:

• a room with 1 window (outer door) and a single outer wall - 35 W/m³;
• the room is surrounded by other rooms, has no windows, or is located on the sunny side - 35 W / m³;
• corner room with 1 window opening - 40 W / m³;
• the same, with two windows - 45 W / m³.

It is easier to answer the second question: the temperature comfortable for living lies in the range of 20 ... 23 ° C. It is uneconomical to heat the air more strongly, it is colder weaker. The average value for calculations is plus 22 degrees.

The optimal mode of operation of the boiler involves heating the coolant to 60-70 ° C. An exception is a warm or too cold day, when the water temperature has to be reduced or, conversely, increased. The number of such days is small, so the average design temperature of the system is assumed to be +65 °C.

In rooms with high ceilings, we consider the heat consumption by volume

Passport and real heat transfer of the radiator

The parameters of any heater are indicated in the technical passport. Usually, manufacturers declare the power of 1 standard section with an interaxal size of 500 mm in the range of 170 ... 200 watts. The characteristics of aluminum and bimetallic radiators are approximately the same.

The trick is that the passport heat transfer indicator cannot be stupidly used to select the number of sections. According to clause 3.5 of GOST 31311-2005, the manufacturer is obliged to indicate the battery power under the following operating conditions:

• the coolant moves through the radiator from top to bottom (diagonal or lateral connection);
• temperature difference is 70 degrees;
• the flow rate of water flowing through the device is 360 kg/h.

Reference. Thermal head is the difference between the average temperature of the network water and the room air. Denoted ΔT, DT or dt, calculated by the formula:

Let us explain the essence of the problem, for this we substitute the known values ​​\u200b\u200bof ΔT \u003d 70 ° C and room temperature - plus 20 ° C into the formula, we will perform the reverse calculation:

1. tsupply + treturn = (ΔT + tair) x 2 = (70 + 20) x 2 = 180 °C.
2. According to the regulations, the calculated temperature difference of the coolant between the supply and return lines should be 20 degrees. This means that the water coming from the boiler must be heated to 100 ° C, the return water will cool to 80 ° C.
3. The 100/80 °C operating mode is not available for domestic heating installations, the maximum heating is 80 degrees. In addition, it is economically unprofitable to maintain the specified coolant temperature (remember, we took an average of 65 ° C).

Conclusion. In real conditions, the battery will give off much less heat than prescribed in the operating instructions. The reason is the lower value of ΔT - the temperature difference between water and ambient air. According to our initial data, the ΔT indicator is 130 / 2 - 22 = 43 degrees, almost twice as low as the declared norm.

Determine the number of aluminum battery sections

It is not easy to recalculate the parameters of the heater for specific conditions. The heat output formula and calculation algorithm used by design engineers is too complicated for ordinary homeowners who are not familiar with heat engineering.

We propose to calculate the number of sections of heating radiators using a more accessible method that gives the minimum error:

1. Collect the initial data listed in the first section of this publication - find out the amount of heat required for heating, the temperature of the air and the coolant.
2. Calculate the actual temperature difference DT using the formula above.
3. When choosing a specific type of battery, open the technical data sheet and find the heat transfer rate of 1 section at DT = 70 degrees.
4. Below is a table of ready conversion factors for the heating output of radiator sections. Find the value corresponding to the real DT and multiply it by the nameplate heat transfer value - get the power of 1 fin under your operating conditions.

Knowing the real heat flow, it is not difficult to find out the number of battery fins required to heat a room. Divide the required amount of heat by the output of 1 section. For clarity, here is an example calculation:

It remains to distribute the sections around the room. If the window sizes are the same, we divide 28 in half and place a radiator with 14 ribs under each opening. Otherwise, the number of battery sections is selected in proportion to the width of the windows (approximately possible). The heat transfer of bimetallic and cast iron radiators is recalculated in a similar way.

Battery layout - devices are best placed under windows or near a cold outer wall

Advice. If you own a personal computer, it is easier to use the calculation program of the Italian brand GLOBAL, posted on the official website of the manufacturer.

Many well-known companies, including GLOBAL, prescribe in the documentation the heat transfer of their devices for different temperature conditions (DT = 60 °C, DT = 50 °C), an example is shown in the table. If your real ΔT = 50 degrees, feel free to use the indicated characteristics without any recalculation.

Calculation of the size of a steel radiator

The design of panel devices differs from sectional ones. Batteries are made from stamped steel sheets with a thickness of 1 ... 1.2 mm, pre-cut to the desired size. To select a radiator of the required power, you need to find out the heat transfer of 1 meter of the length of a panel welded from sheets.

We suggest using the simplest method based on the technical data of a serious German manufacturer of panel water radiators Kermi. What is the essence: stamped batteries are unified, the types of products differ from each other in the number of heating panels and heat exchange fins. The classification of radiators looks like this:

• type 10 - single-panel device without additional ribs;
• type 11 - 1 panel + 1 sheet of corrugated metal;
• type 12 - two panels plus 1 sheet of fins;
• type 20 - a battery for 2 heating plates, convection finning is not provided;
• type 22 - two-panel radiator with 2 sheets increasing the heat exchange area.

Sketches of steel heaters of various types - top view

Note. There are also type 33 heaters (3 panels + 3 ribs), but such products are less in demand due to their increased thickness and price. The most "running" model is type 22.

So, panel stamped devices of any brand differ only in mounting dimensions. The calculation of heating radiators comes down to choosing the appropriate type, then the length of the battery for a particular room is calculated from the height and heat transfer. The algorithm is the following:

Calculation example. Let's determine the dimensions of the steel radiator for the same room 15.75 m²: heat loss - 2048 W, air temperature - 22 degrees, coolant - 65 °C. Let's take standard batteries with a height of 500 mm, type 22. According to the table, we find q = 1461 W, find out the total length of the panel 2048 / 1461 = 1.4 m. From the catalog of any manufacturer, we select the nearest larger option - a heater 1.5 m long or 2 devices 0.7 m each.

The end of the first table is the heat transfer of 1 m of the length of Kermi radiators

Advice. Our instructions are 100% correct for Kermi products. When buying radiators from another brand (especially Chinese), the length of the panel should be taken with a margin of 10-15%.

Heating appliances of one-pipe systems

Important - a gradual decrease in temperature in the main line due to the admixture of coolant cooled by batteries. If 1 loop line serves more than 5 appliances, the difference between the start and end of the distribution pipe can be up to 15 °C. The result is that the last radiators emit less heat.

Single-pipe closed circuit - all heaters connected to 1 pipe

In order for distant batteries to transmit the required amount of energy to the room, make the following adjustments when calculating the heating power:

1. Select the first 4 radiators according to the instructions above.
2. Increase the power of the 5th device by 10%.
3. Add another 10 percent to the calculated heat transfer of each subsequent battery.

Explanation. The power of the 6th radiator is increased by 20%, the seventh - by 30%, and so on. Why build up the last batteries of the single-pipe "Leningrad", the expert will tell in detail on the video:

Finally, a few clarifications

Heating devices can work in different conditions, be connected according to different schemes. These factors affect the heat transfer of heaters in operation mode. When determining the power of room radiators, consider a few recommendations:

1. If the battery is connected to the pipelines in a versatile bottom pattern, the heating efficiency is degraded. Add 10% to the calculated power rating of the appliances.
2. In combined systems (radiator network + warm water floors), convection appliances play an auxiliary role. The main heating load is carried by floor circuits. But the calculated heat transfer of radiators should not be underestimated; if necessary, batteries should completely replace underfloor heating.
3. Homeowners often cover heaters with decorative screens, even sewn up with drywall, leaving convection gaps. In this case, the infrared heat generated by the heated surface of the device is completely lost. Accordingly, the battery power will have to be increased by at least 40%.
4. Do not install 1-3 radiator sections, even if the calculation turned out to be such a number. To get a normal heater, you need to mount at least 4 fins.
5. Antifreeze liquids are inferior to ordinary water in terms of heat capacity, the difference is approximately 15%. When using antifreezes, increase the heat exchange area of ​​the batteries by 10% (increase the number of radiator sections or panel sizes).

When calculating heating radiators, consider a simple rule: the lower the water temperature in the supply line, the larger the heat exchange surface area needed to heat the rooms. Correctly and mount the systems so that you do not have to solve problems by increasing the battery sections.

When living in a house for a long time, many people are faced with the need to replace the heating system. Some apartment owners at some point decide to replace a worn-out heating radiator. In order for a warm atmosphere to be provided in the house after the necessary measures have been taken, it is necessary to correctly approach the task of calculating the heating for the house by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The efficiency of the heating system largely depends on this. To ensure this, you need to correctly calculate the number of sections of installed radiators. In this case, heat transfer from them will be optimal.

If the number of sections is insufficient, then the necessary heating of the room will never occur. And due to the insufficient number of sections in the radiator, a large heat consumption will occur, which will negatively affect the budget of the apartment owner. You can determine the need for a particular room for heating if you make simple calculations. And in order for them to appear accurate, a number of additional parameters must be taken into account when performing them.

Simple area calculations

In order to correctly calculate heating radiators for a particular room, it is necessary, first of all, to take into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The easiest way - focus on plumbing standards, according to which for heating 1 sq. m. requires 100 watts of heating radiator power. It should not be forgotten that this method can be used for rooms in which the ceiling height is standard, that is, it varies from 2.5 to 2.7 meters. Performing calculations using this method allows you to get somewhat overestimated results. In addition, when using it, the following features are not taken into account:

• the number of windows and the type of packages installed in the room;
• the number of external walls located in the room;
• wall materials and their thickness;
• type and thickness of insulation used.

The heat that radiators must provide to create a comfortable atmosphere in the room: in order to obtain optimal calculations, it is necessary to take the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and multiply it by the heat output of the radiator.

Radiator calculation example

Let's say if the room has an area of ​​18 square meters. m., then it will require a battery with a capacity of 1800 watts.

18 sq. m x 100 W = 1800 W.

Received the result must be divided by the amount of heat, which is emitted by one section of the heating radiator within an hour. If the product passport indicates that this figure is 170 W, then further calculations will be as follows:

1800W / 170W = 10.59.

The result must be rounded to the nearest integer. As a result, we get 11. This means that in a room with such an area, the best solution would be to install a heating radiator with eleven sections.

It should be said that this method is only suitable for rooms that receive heat from a centralized main, where a coolant with a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius circulates.

There is another way that surpasses the previous ones in its simplicity. It can be used to calculate the amount of heating in the apartments of panel houses. When using it, it is taken into account that one section is able to heat an area of ​​1.8 sq. m., that is, when performing calculations, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room should be divided by 1.8. If the room has an area of ​​25 sq. m., then to ensure optimal heating, 14 sections in the radiator will be required.

25 sq. m / 1.8 sq. m. = 13.89.

However, this method of calculation has one nuance. It cannot be used for devices of low and high power. That is, for those radiators in which the output of one section varies in the range from 120 to 200 watts.

Heating calculation method for rooms with high ceilings

If the ceilings in the room have a height of more than 3 meters, then the use of the above methods does not make it possible to correctly calculate the need for heating. In such cases, it is necessary to use a formula that takes into account the volume of the room. In accordance with the SNiP standards, 41 watts of heat is required to heat one cubic meter of room volume.

Radiator calculation example

Based on this, to heat a room whose area is 24 sq. m., and the ceiling height is at least 3 meters, the calculations will be as follows:

24 sq. m x 3 m = 72 cu. m. As a result, we get the total volume of the room.

72 cu. m x 41 W = 2952 W. The result obtained is the total power of the radiator, which will provide optimal heating of the room.

Now it is necessary to calculate the number of sections in the battery for a room of this size. In the event that the passport for the product indicates that the heat transfer of one section is 180 W, in the calculations it is necessary to divide the total battery power by this number.

As a result, we get 16.4. Then the result must be rounded. As a result, we have 17 sections. Batteries with so many sections are enough to create a warm atmosphere in a 72 m 3 room. Having performed simple calculations, we obtain the data we need.

Extra options

After completing the calculation, correct the result taking into account the characteristics of the room. They should be taken into account as follows:

• for a room that is a corner room with one window, when calculating, an additional 20% must be added to the received battery power;
• if the room has two windows, then an upward adjustment of 30% should be made;
• in cases where the radiator is installed in a niche under the window, its heat transfer is somewhat reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to add 5% to its power;
• in a room with windows facing north, an additional 10% must be added to the battery power;
• decorating the battery in your room with a special screen, you should know that it steals a certain amount of thermal energy from the radiator. Therefore, it is additionally necessary to add 15% to the radiator.

Specificity and other features

In the room for which the heating demand is calculated, there may be other specifics. The following indicators become important:

Climate zones

Everyone knows that each climate zone has its own heating needs. Therefore, when developing a project, it is necessary to take into account these indicators.

Each climate zone have their own coefficients to be used in calculations.

For central Russia, this coefficient is 1. Therefore, it is not used in calculations.

In the northern and eastern regions of the country, the coefficient is 1.6.

In the southern part of the country, this figure varies from 0.7 to 0.9.

When performing calculations, it is necessary to multiply the thermal power by this coefficient. And then divide the result by the heat transfer of one section.

Conclusion

The calculation of indoor heating is very important to ensure a warm atmosphere in the home in winter. There are usually no big difficulties with performing calculations. That's why each owner can implement them independently without resorting to the services of specialists. It is enough to find the formulas that are used for calculations.

In this case you can save on the purchase of a radiator, as you will be spared the need to pay for unnecessary sections. By installing them in the kitchen or in the living room, a comfortable atmosphere will reign in your home. If you are unsure of the accuracy of your calculations, because of which you will not select the best option, then you should contact the professionals. They will make the calculations correctly, and then they will qualitatively install new heating radiators or competently install the heating system.

Heating a dwelling in our climate is the most urgent task for owners of country houses.

On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure a comfortable thermal regime, on the other hand, an optimal energy consumption.

In order to correctly solve this problem, and determine how many sections of heating radiators (bimetallic, steel, cast iron, etc.) are needed, it is necessary to make a reliable calculation based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room using the online calculator located below.

Indicate in the calculator the scheme for connecting radiators

Mandatory reading explanation of online calculator calculations

Types of heating devices - main characteristics

Before purchasing the elements of the heating system, it is necessary not only to calculate them, but to calculate the entire system so that its individual components are mutually consistent in all respects. These elements include:

• heating network boilers;
• radiators;
• pipelines;
• a circular pump, if one is provided for by the project;
• expansion tank - currently, as a rule, membrane units are used.

What you need to know when choosing radiators

When purchasing batteries for a heating system, you need to consider the following parameters:

1. Calculate the number of sections of heating radiators, based on the number of heated rooms in the house.
2. Maximum allowable working pressure.
3. Power.
4. Design features that may affect the installation of the heating network and the necessary components for this.

Currently, the construction market offers the following main types of heat exchangers for heating systems.

Cast iron

The positive aspects of these products include a presentable appearance and ease of care for them.

Bimetallic

Such heat transfer devices combine the best properties of steel and aluminum products. Their inner part at the points of contact with the coolant is made of stainless steel. This predetermines the long life of the device, since the base material is resistant to aggressive agents and does not tend to adsorb rust elements. The outer part shows its best qualities, corresponding to the material of manufacture. It has a presentable appearance, easy to maintain and clean.

Since the stainless steel interior is made of thin-walled metal, its low thermal conductivity does not adversely affect the operation of the device.

Copper heat exchangers

The use of this material for the manufacture of heat transfer devices in heating circuits has long been known. But such products have received a real renaissance only recently. The fact is that only pure refined copper is used for heating systems, and now its production is provided by relatively inexpensive technological methods.

Suffice it to say that with the same characteristics, a copper radiator weighs several times less, and the heat transfer from it is several times higher.

This contributes to a significant reduction in energy costs for heating residential and industrial buildings.

Copper has sufficiently high mechanical strength, which allows the use of pipes from it at temperatures up to 150 degrees at a pressure of 16 atmospheres.

In addition, copper heating systems have a presentable appearance.

Method for calculating heating radiators by area

Comfortable living in any living space is ensured by an optimally tuned heating system. Its formation is impossible without knowledge of modern methods of formation of heating systems, which includes the possession of methods for calculating heating radiators.

It should be noted that heat engineering calculations in construction are the most complex. It is safe to say that a detailed and reliable calculation can only be performed by highly qualified specialists or specialized organizations.

The basis for calculating radiators is based on accounting for heat losses in the room, which must be replenished in the process of life by the heat transfer of the heating system. Nevertheless, allowing redistributed simplifications, one can obtain a result close to reliable independently.

Heating power selection

When choosing a heating scheme for a small private house, this indicator is decisive.

To calculate the sections of bimetallic heating radiators by area, you need to determine the following parameters:

• the amount of necessary compensation for heat losses;
• the total area of ​​the heated room.

In construction practice, it is customary to use the first indicator in the above form as 1 kW of power per 10 square meters, i.e. 100 W/m2. Thus, the ratio for the calculation will be the following expression:

N = S x 100 x 1.45,

where S is the total area of ​​the heated premises, 1.45 is the coefficient of possible heat losses.

If we look at a specific example of calculating the heating power for a room of 4x5 meters, it will look like this:

1. 5 x 4 \u003d 20 (m 2);
2. 20 x 100 = 2000 (W);
3. 2000 x 1.4 = 2900 (W).

A typical place for installing a radiator is the space under the window, so we use two radiators of the same power of 1450 watts. This indicator can be influenced by adding or reducing the number of sections installed in the battery. It should be borne in mind that the power of one of them is:

• for bimetallic 50 centimeters high - 180 watts;
• for cast iron radiators - 130 watts.

Therefore, you will need to install: bimetallic - 1450: 180 = 8 x2 = 16 sections; cast iron: 1450: 130 = 11.

By using glass packages, heat loss on windows can be reduced by about 25%.

Calculation of sections of bimetallic heating radiators by area gives a clear primary idea of ​​their required number.

Accounting for the features of the room

Technical characteristics of different types of radiators are not the same. Heating engineers recommend using cast iron radiators in private homes; bimetallic or aluminum products are more suitable for an apartment.

The calculation of the section size takes into account not only the quadrature, but also the probable heat losses occurring through windows, doors, walls, ceilings and floors, as well as through ventilation ducts. For each type of unproductive heat consumption, its own coefficients are used, denoted by the letter Q.

The following parameters must be included in the calculation of heat losses:

1. Temperature difference between outside and inside, referred to as DT.
2. The area of ​​doors and windows and other similar structures - S.
3. The thickness of partitions or walls - V.
4. The value of the thermal conductivity of the walls, depending on the nature of the material and the insulation materials used - Y.

The calculation ratio looks like this:

Q = S x DT / R layer,

where R=V:Y.

All calculated coefficients must be summed up, and in the presence of ventilation shafts, the resulting figure increases by up to 40%.

The result is divided by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house and added to the indicator of the estimated power of the heating batteries.

Depending on the location of the rooms in space, additional coefficients are introduced for verticals facing north, northeast and northwest. It is 10%, and for those facing the southeast and southwest - 5%. For the southern direction, the amendment does not apply. For a corner room with two walls facing the outside, the additional coefficient is taken equal to 5%.

If the wall height is more than 4 meters, an additional factor of 2% is introduced. A reduction in heat loss parameters can be obtained by insulating the ceiling from the attic side and the roofing pie.

Influence of other devices of the heating system

The calculation of heating radiators is the first link in the chain of such actions in relation to the entire heating system as a whole. In particular, its result directly affects the selection of the power of the heating boiler.

In addition, the balance of heating in the room is affected by the heat dissipation of piping.

Taking into account the many factors that affect the operation of the heating system, special calculators have been developed that allow you to quickly and with sufficient accuracy calculate the number of heating radiators based on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe heated room. Many such programs have been developed, and they all work according to different algorithms. But their results can be trusted.

Calculation of heating radiators per square meter with a calculator developed for our website will significantly reduce the time for performing auxiliary operations with sufficient accuracy of the heat output result.

The efficiency of a heating system depends on many factors. But, as is clear from the above information, heating costs can be optimized by paying attention to the following factors:

1. It has been established that the main losses of thermal energy occur in the upper part of the house and range from 25-30% with an uninsulated roof.
2. Losses are also significant with insufficiently insulated floors.
3. The material from which the walls are made matters. Being installed from concrete blocks or cast walls, the enclosing structures quickly lose heat to the external space, which requires additional costs for their heating and maintenance in this state for a long time.
4. Floor insulation is of particular importance. Being constantly cold, it creates uncomfortable living conditions and creates a lot of inconvenience. In addition, underfloor heating significantly reduces the temperature of the main heating circuit, which saves fuel resources. But it should be remembered that the surface temperature of the warm floor should not exceed 30 degrees. Otherwise, ascending convection currents arise, raising dust from the floor, which is harmful to humans.

Thus, after reading this article, you will be able to independently calculate the required number of sections for radiators using formulas and check the correctness of the information received using a calculator.

There are several different ways to determine the required power of heaters. The calculation of heating radiators in an apartment can be carried out according to complex methods that are associated with the use of fairly sophisticated equipment (thermal imagers) and specialized software.

The calculation of the number of heating radiators can be done independently, based on the required power of the heating devices when calculating per unit area of ​​​​the room that is heated.

Conditionally schematic power calculation

In the temperate climate zone (the so-called middle climatic zone), the accepted norms regulate the installation of heating radiators with a capacity of 60 - 100 W per square meter of the room. This calculation is also called area calculation.

In the northern latitudes (meaning not the Far North, but the northern regions that lie above 60 ° N), power is taken in the range of 150 - 200 W per square meter.

The power of the heating boiler is also determined based on these values.

• The calculation of the power of heating radiators is carried out exactly according to this method. This is the power that radiators should have. The heat transfer values ​​of cast iron batteries are in the range of 125 - 150 W per section. In other words, a room of fifteen square meters can be heated (15 x 100 / 125 = 12) by two six-section cast-iron radiators;
• Bimetal radiators are calculated in a similar way, since their power corresponds to the power (in fact, it is a little more). The manufacturer must indicate these parameters on the original packaging (in extreme cases, these values ​​are given in standard tables for technical specifications);
• The calculation of aluminum heating radiators is carried out in the same way. The temperature of the heaters themselves is largely related to the temperature of the coolant inside the system and the heat transfer values ​​of each individual radiator. Related to this is the overall price of the device.

There are simple algorithms that are called by a common term: a calculator for calculating heating radiators, which uses the above methods. Do-it-yourself calculation using such algorithms is quite simple.

Additional factors

The above radiator power values ​​are given for standard conditions, which are adjusted using correction factors depending on the presence or absence of additional factors:

• The height of the room is considered standard if it is 2.7 m. If the ceiling height is greater or less than this conditional standard value, the power of 100 W / m2 is multiplied by a correction factor, which is determined by dividing the height of the room by the standard (2.7 m).

For example, the coefficient for a room with a height of 3.24 m will be: 3.24 / 2.70 = 1.2, and for a room with ceilings of 2.43 - 0.8.

• The number of two outer walls in the room (corner room);
• Number of additional windows in the room;
• The presence of two-chamber energy-saving double-glazed windows.

Important!
The calculation of heating radiators using this method is best done with some margin, since such calculations are quite approximate.

Heat loss calculation

The above calculation of the heat output of heating radiators does not take into account many determining conditions. For a more accurate one, it is first necessary to determine the values ​​​​of the heat loss of the building. They are calculated on the basis of data about each wall and ceiling of each room, floor, type of windows and their number, door construction, plaster material, type of brick or insulation material.

The calculation of heat transfer from radiator heating batteries based on the indicator of 1 kW per 10 m2 has significant drawbacks, which are primarily associated with the inaccuracy of these indicators, since they do not take into account the type of the building itself (a separate building or apartment), ceiling height, window and door sizes .

Formula for calculating heat loss:

TP total \u003d V x 0.04 + TP o x n o + TP d x n d, where

• TP total - total heat loss in the room;
• V is the volume of the room;
• 0.04 - standard value of heat loss for 1 m3;
• TP o - heat loss from one window (a value of 0.1 kW is taken);
• n o - the number of windows;
• TP d - heat loss from one door (assumed value is 0.2 kW)
• n d is the number of doors.

Calculation of steel radiators

Pst \u003d TPtotal / 1.5 x k, where

• Рst - power of steel radiators;
• TPtot - the value of the total heat loss in the room;
• 1.5 - coefficient for reducing the length of the radiator, taking into account operation in the temperature range of 70-50 ° C;
• k - safety factor (1.2 - for apartments in a multi-storey building, 1.3 - for a private house)

An example of calculating a steel radiator

We proceed from the conditions that the calculation is performed for a room in a private house with an area of ​​20 square meters with a ceiling height of 3.0 m, which has two windows and one door.

The instruction for calculation prescribes the following:

• TPtotal \u003d 20 x 3 x 0.04 + 0.1 x 2 + 0.2 x 1 \u003d 2.8 kW;
• Рst \u003d 2.8 kW / 1.5 x 1.3 \u003d 2.43 m.

The calculation of steel heating radiators according to this method leads to the fact that the total length of the radiators is 2.43 m. Given the presence of two windows in the room, it would be advisable to choose two radiators of a suitable standard length.

Scheme of connection and placement of radiators

Heat transfer from radiators also depends on where the heater is located, as well as the type of connection to the main pipeline.

First of all, heating radiators are placed under the windows. Even the use of energy-saving double-glazed windows does not make it possible to avoid the greatest heat losses through the light openings. The radiator, which is installed under the window, heats the air in the room around it.

The heated air rises. At the same time, a layer of warm air creates a thermal curtain in front of the opening, which prevents the movement of cold layers of air from the window.

In addition, cold air flows from the window, mixing with warm upward flows from the radiator, increase the overall convection throughout the entire volume of the room. This allows the air in the room to warm up faster.

In order for such a thermal curtain to be effectively created, it is necessary to install a radiator, which would be at least 70% of the width of the window opening in length.

The deviation of the vertical axes of radiators and windows should not exceed 50 mm.

Important!
In corner rooms, additional radiator panels must be placed along the outer walls, closer to the outer corner.

• When tying radiators that use risers, they must be carried out in the corners of the room (especially in the outer corners of blank walls);
• When to the main pipelines from opposite sides, the heat transfer of the devices increases. From a constructive point of view, one-sided connection to pipes is rational.

Important!
Radiators in which the number of sections is more than twenty should be connected from different sides. This is also true for such a strapping, when there is more than one radiator on one hitch.

Heat transfer also depends on how the places for the supply and removal of coolant from the heating devices are located. More heat flow will be when the supply is connected to the upper part and removed from the lower part of the radiator.

If the radiators are installed in several tiers, then in this case it is necessary to ensure the sequential movement of the coolant down in the direction of travel.

Video about calculating the power of heating devices:

Approximate calculation of bimetallic radiators

Almost all bimetallic radiators are available in standard sizes. Non-standard must be ordered separately.

This somewhat facilitates the calculation of bimetallic heating radiators.

• With a standard ceiling height (2.5 - 2.7 m), one section of a bimetallic radiator is taken per 1.8 m2 of a living room.

For example, for a room of 15 m2, the radiator should have 8 - 9 sections:

• For the volumetric calculation of a bimetallic radiator, the value of 200 W of each section for every 5 m3 of the room is taken.

For example, for a room of 15 m2 and a height of 2.7 m, the number of sections according to this calculation will be 8:

15 x 2.7/5 = 8.1

Important!
200 watts of standard power has been taken as standard by default. Although in practice there are sections of different power from 120 W to 220 W.

Determination of heat loss using a thermal imager

Thermal imagers are now widely used to carefully control the thermal characteristics of objects and determine the thermal insulation properties of structures. With the help of a thermal imager, a quick survey of buildings is carried out in order to determine the exact value of heat losses, as well as hidden construction defects and poor quality materials.

The use of these devices makes it possible to determine the exact values ​​of real heat losses through structural elements. Taking into account the reduced coefficient of heat transfer resistance, these values ​​are compared with the standards. In the same way, places of moisture condensation and irrational piping of radiators in the heating system are determined.