Styles of landscape design: compare and evaluate the main characteristic features. Landscape design styles (19 photos): the most famous directions What are the landing styles in landscape design
Do you dream of creating the most beautiful and unique plot to be the envy of your neighbors? Then choose one of the landscape design styles that you like and create an exclusive landscape on your site.
English, or as it is also called landscape style, is designed to create a beautiful natural landscape artificially. That is, designers and gardeners need to apply their maximum efforts and skills in order to create beauty out of the blue.
Features of the English style
The style is characterized by the absence of geometrism and the presence of asymmetry. In addition, the lawn in this style always looks neat, "combed", the correct and clear organization can be traced, despite the fact that there is asymmetry. The English style is characterized by paths, various flowers and trees, shrubs, a small pond.
Roses, delphiniums, beautiful mallows look good in the English style. For spring, you can choose tulips, daffodils, crocuses. You need to plant flowers in groups so that they create a holistic and beautiful ensemble.
Scenery for the English landscape
Wooden arbors, benches, forged figures or stone figurines will look good in this style. English-style decorations can also be present in the design of the exterior of the house. For example, on the porch you can put floor pots with plants, make forged handrails on the stairs, put ivy on the walls of the house.
This style is also called regular. The thing is that it is characterized by symmetry and a strict distribution of plants and decorative elements. In the organization of the French style, an axial system is used - this is when the main object is located in the center, for example, a fountain, from which paths or beds go. In the center of the composition there may also be a tree, a small pond, a sculpture. All design details should be placed symmetrically to each other.
The French style uses bright types of plants that are planted in a certain schematic order, for example, in the form of geometric shapes or patterns. They complement the French-style landscape with elegant sculptures and small ponds with fountains. In addition, so-called bosquets are created - an element of landscape decoration, in which dense thickets of shrubs and trees are carefully cut to create even walls. Bosquets are used to create living labyrinths or gazebos.
What flowers to choose for French style
In addition to the fact that all the details of landscape design must be correctly dispersed throughout the site, you also need to choose the right plants. What will be required:
- flowers. For summer, choose petunias, marigolds, and other flowers that will delight the whole season. For spring, you can also choose tulips or crocuses;
- trees and shrubs. Species are needed that hold their shape well after pruning. Maple, linden, hawthorn, barberry, cotoneaster, spirea and other species are suitable. Spruces are sometimes used in this style. You can choose all this at https://zelenakraina.com.ua.
The Scandinavian landscape style can be described as a "neatly organized mess". Details are literally scattered around the site, but in general they represent a certain pattern. Wicker or wooden furniture is used as an additional functional decor. After all, one of the main characteristics of the Scandinavian style is practicality and naturalness. That is why designers can use not standard industrial design items, but handmade items. For example, a log bench, a stump table, a snag as a plant stand in a flower pot.
As many plants with large leaves as possible are placed next to the furniture so that they literally envelop the place to relax. Scandinavians are generally very fond of plants and prefer to have as much greenery as possible in their home. Use in the design of the landscape also all sorts of interesting designer gizmos made from natural materials: wicker baskets, clay pots, stone products. You can also use rustic utensils.
Rules to consider in the Scandinavian landscape
These rules are few, but important:
- use stones. Large, small, regular shape, unhewn blocks. Stones can be used to decorate paths or outline flower beds. You can also create an impromptu fireplace or grotto from stones. Stones are also used in the creation of special sites;
- plants of a certain color. In the Scandinavian style, bright plants and trees are used in doses. The main palette of the garden is green. Berry bushes and some types of flowers bring bright notes to the landscape;
- stump paths. You can create such a fabulous path with your own hands, and it looks incredibly beautiful in the landscape and in the spirit of the Scandinavian style.
This style harmoniously combines practicality and natural beauty, as well as vegetables and herbs familiar to us with decorative flowers and shrubs.
Note! The presence of a garden, as well as fruit plant species, is not only practical, but also one of the key rules.
Another feature of the Russian estate is the naturalness and even a certain abandonment of the site. But this does not mean that you need to stop caring for him. This only says that the site should grow and develop itself, and you will only help it a little.
Zoning of the site in the style of a Russian estate
Zoning is important in an organization. For example, at the entrance to the house you can place a small front garden. Plant flowers here that will bloom in turn throughout the year.
A little further on the site you can install a gazebo, right in the middle of the garden. If the site allows, then a bathhouse can be built on the territory. And then you will get a whole complex for recreation, and it will also bring benefits.
The main task is the maximum unity and harmony with nature. The advantage of this style is the moment that it can be created on a site of any area. Use plants that grow in your area, as well as stones of various sizes. Forget about symmetry, because in nature everything does not always grow according to the scheme.
When creating a Japanese style, take care of several zones. Each of them must be irregular in shape and connected to another zone by some kind of detail or transition.
Use calm pastel warm shades. If you want a riot of colors, then it is better to choose a different style.
Do not confuse this style with Japanese, they have significant differences. In particular, the Japanese style is aimed at demonstrating the beauty of nature, while the Chinese style also shows the high skill of designers.
Attention! In the design of this style, 5 natural components should be present:
- water;
- Earth;
- tree;
- metal;
- fire.
Options for organizing a site in the Chinese landscape style:
- classic version. The garden should have bright colors and decorations;
- philosophical option. Choose plants with large leaves and soothing shades so that you can retire and philosophize;
- home garden. The option is similar to our usual home garden. Choose plants that grow randomly, without clear shapes;
- calm garden. In this case, choose low plants and decorations;
- aggressive option. When arranging a garden, choose plants that grow up, have a thick trunk and dense wide leaves.
landscape style is a set of artistic techniques, a system of stable and uniform interpretations of forms that determine the general appearance of your garden, a certain combination and use of elements of vegetation, types of decor.
Landscape styles - complete list
≡ Navigation 16 styles:
The styles of gardening art, as well as, can be divided into historically established and relatively new, modern ones. Let's start with the first.
English or landscape landscaping
As the name suggests, this method of decorating a garden plot developed in England at the beginning of the 18th century.
The main idea of the style is love and respect for the natural flora, the community of man and nature.
English handwriting is a balance between slight casualness, even neglect and homeliness, well-groomed garden.
Harmony is achieved through the following criteria:
- smoothness of contours and lines, the absence of straight and sharp corners;
- the unity of the garden plot and the house;
- vertical gardening;
- stone-paved, winding paths imitating trails;
- neat lawns as a place for passive recreation;
- the use of plants of different heights to create relief and picturesque corridors;
- abundance of perennials;
- natural external reservoir or stream;
- flower beds in the form of flower "carpets" and mounds;
- riot of colors, color contrasts.
The landscape garden, stylized as a "wild" corner of nature, begins immediately outside the door of the house, on the facade and gates, entwined with ivy, grapes and ramblers - climbing English roses known in the world.
The English Garden is a festival of flowers. Among the most popular are: roses, begonias, lobelia, poppies, scarlet sage, colorful delphinium.
The attributes of a truly English landscape are wooden or stone benches located at the end of the paths, flowerpots with flowers, ceramic plates built into the alleys, a romantic gazebo, small bridges, wrought-iron lanterns.
A characteristic feature is the presence of one or two ancient objects: a statue, a bench.
Colors - green interspersed with silver, white, crimson, lilac shades.
Dutch style in landscape design
You can get an idea about it by looking at the paintings of the masters of the Dutch school. It is characterized by pastorality, bright flamboyance, exemplary, sleek look. Dominants of the Dutch style:
- parterre lawn, the center of the garden and the pride of the owner;
- hedge;
- a small number of trees (preference is given to flowers and shrubs);
- mixborders along garden paths;
- rustic decor, funny figurines;
- flowerbeds in wagons.
In front of the facade of the house, hidden by vines, a very elegant lawn flaunts, surrounded by flower beds and ornamental shrubs - the heart of the garden. To create it, bushy, with narrow leaves cereals, forming a thick, silky cover, are suitable. The lawn is accented with a standard tree, topiary, a small fountain or a tiny flower bed with flowers - camassia, hyacinths, crocuses. The parterre lawn is surrounded by a live clipped hedge or a mixborder, a mixed flower garden with scrupulously selected crops.
The most popular are bulbous: tulips, lilies, daffodils. Among the favorites are also delphinium, mordovnik, foxglove.
An indispensable condition of the Dutch garden is openness so that passers-by can admire it. Therefore, solid fences are not installed, but are content with a hedge of juniper, boxwood, dogwood, or a fence made of rare forged rods.
The paths are covered with wood chips or pebbles, they equip the platforms on which pavilions and decorative elements are placed. But the benches are often "cut" directly into the mixborder, into the living fence.
A Dutch garden is inconceivable without hand-made decorations: firstly, these are carts “laden” with flowers. Secondly, decorative mills and wells, as well as wheels, wooden buckets and barrels, even chests of drawers and suitcases adapted for mini-flower beds. Sculptures are often funny, evoking a smile: stone frogs, gnomes, crows, mermaids.
The palette of the Dutch garden is lush greenery with bright flashes of scarlet, blue, and white.
Country in landscape design (rustic style)
Innocent naturalness is the basis of a rustic garden. He does not declare the idea of unity with nature, he is nature itself.
The free design of rustic style does not mean, however, the complete absence of rules. There they are:
- simplicity and easy randomness;
- paths strewn with gravel or paved with stones with gaps covered with grass;
- the presence of fruit trees and garden beds;
- flowers that grow not only in flower beds;
- creeping, climbing plants on fences;
- decor from "rustic" items - fragments of a wicker tyn, carts and wheels, clay pots and jugs, barrels;
- fruits in the role of flowers - pumpkins, physalis, bunches of grapes and mountain ash;
- combining horticultural and wild crops into one group.
The view of the village plot is the golden mean between the natural neglect and economic care, beauty and benefit.
Fruit trees and bushes, beds are required, this, one might say, is the originality of the style. It is better to arrange apple trees or plums not in a heap and in a strict order, but in different parts of the site. Forming a full-fledged garden from the beds is also not worth it, you can limit yourself to spicy, healthy herbs.
Expensive, exotic flowers will not fit into a landscape full of rural immediacy. But such a garden will not do without sunflowers and mallows, cosmos, chamomile, calendula and marigolds.
Where there is dusk, you can plant shade-loving hostas, textured ferns.
Flowers in such a plot do not grow in flower beds, but simply on free lawns, near fruit trees and between vegetable beds.
The attributes of a rustic country garden are wooden or wicker furniture of an unsophisticated look, birdhouses, swings, rough, handmade hedges, a funny garden scarecrow.
The variety of country decor is almost limitless: you can use rustic dishes and utensils, all kinds of tubs, drawbars and rockers, decorating them with flowers.
Chinese style in landscape design
The world's first park appeared in Suzhou County - Chinese landscape art is thousands of years old. It is based on the provisions of Feng Shui. The movement of water and wind, the main elements in the Taoist worldview, gives rise to qi energy, which should permeate both the house and the garden. If the layout does not take into account these wisdoms, does not regulate the flow of qi, the garden cannot be called Chinese, no matter how many pagodas you put in it.
The Chinese are sure that qi energy circulates freely only along natural, miraculous lines and contours. Therefore, in the garden there can be no symmetry, parallels, right angles.
In addition, the Chinese garden is subject to the following rules:
- all items must form a single, complete composition;
- the garden is supposed to heal, be a "hall" for qigong and meditation;
- from any place a new landscape should be visible, giving the impression infinity landscape;
- water is present in the hypostases of rest and movement;
- the presence of a tea arbor in a secluded nook is also a must;
- finally, the diversity of plants is another credo Taoist parka.
A garden in the Celestial Empire is a model of the world, which means it looks as if pines, bamboo, boulders and streams appeared by themselves, many years ago.
Such a garden must create the impression of infinity, as well as completeness and richness. Wherever you turn, a new facet of beauty should open from everywhere.
A stream with running water and a pond with stagnant water are indispensable companions of the Chinese park. Carefully selected stones are located in one area chosen according to the rules of Feng Shui. Stones of unusual color and shape are especially valued.
The completeness of the composition suggests a garden fence, which, however, repeats all the curves of the relief and tends to merge with bushes and trees. Wooden gates topped with a wise aphorism lead to the Chinese garden.
A tea house of a rounded shape is placed on a dais, from where the distances are clearly visible.
Flora in the Chinese garden is a solid symbolism. Each tree means something: pine - fortitude, peach - happiness, juniper - health, fir - longevity ... In China, they love jasmine, chrysanthemums and peonies, tea roses, dahlias, irises.
Colonial style in landscape design
Colonial garden art combined the traditions of the Old World with the practices of the natives, the inhabitants of the colonies. Signs of a colonial garden:
- simple, utilitarian materials;
- veranda or terrace as the starting point of the garden;
- plants and topiary in large tubs;
- white wooden fence;
- several sentimental sculptures;
- liberty, slight absent-mindedness, showing through in the manner of design.
The colonial-style garden begins on a veranda covered in spit and hops. Garden paths in the Dutch manner are sprinkled with wood chips or covered with wooden flooring, flagstone.
They decorate the site with small sculptures made of stone, alabaster, ceramics or wood - these are rabbits and ducks, chubby angels, cherubs and cupids.
IN set a colonial garden can also include a fountain - a small, stylized washstand located near the walls of the veranda.
Arches and pergolas, if there is room for them, preferably wrought iron, garden furniture - from planed boards, rattan, wicker or bamboo.
Don't forget the rocking chair and hammock.
Plants in a colonial-type garden enchant with a variegated variety. In tubs, flowerpots, containers, urns bloom, replacing each other: hyacinths, daffodils, peonies, lilies, phloxes, begonias, fragrant tobacco and peas, carnations, hydrangeas. The dishes in which they grow can be moved, brought during cold weather to the veranda or into the house.
A certain place is given to edible and medicinal plants - sage, echinacea, lemongrass, marjoram. Fruit trees predominate among the trees, because at first the colonial gardens were not so much a place of rest as a source of fruits and vegetables.
Moorish landscape design
The Moorish garden is a fairy tale incarnate, an oasis full of colors, sounds and aromas. Splendor and luxury are its main parameters.
The distinctive features of this landscape include:
- isolation, closeness;
- the principle of chor-bak at the heart of the layout;
- classical norms, symmetry;
- flower beds in the form of squares, sometimes circles;
- pools and fountains lined with Arabic mosaics;
- obligatory presence of fruity, sweet-smelling trees;
fragrant flowers and herbs; - couches, benches in the shade.
The eastern garden is hidden from prying eyes behind a stone fence. This is a square divided into four equal parts (the rule of chor-bak). Paths, bushes, less often canals cope with the role of boundaries between squares.
Inside each “puzzle” there is a reservoir, a fountain or even a pool. Peaches, quince, apricots and pears are crowded next to jasmine and roses, hinting at paradise. What is missing?
That's right, birds. Peacocks roam the Moorish garden, and cages with canaries and parrots hang on the trees.
In addition to roses, oriental gardens are characterized by tulips, hyacinths, lilies growing in oblong flower beds.
The murmur of water, bird trills, the fragrance of flowers and fruits should be tangible anywhere in the Mauritanian arboretum.
Details of the Moorish landscape - comfortable, wide beds with many pillows, gazebos in the form of tents, canopies made of thin, airy fabrics and glass beads, mosaics.
Palette - juicy greens, purple, yellow, purple.
Provence style in landscape design
In fact, this is the style of the French villages - sweet, soulful, rough and sophisticated at the same time.
Conceptual features French garden:
- fruit trees with palmette-shaped silhouettes;
- stone terraces, supports made of old, rough tuff, sandstone or shell rock;
- many colors of pastel shades;
- beds with provencal herbs;
- pavilions "antique" with the same furniture;
- pergolas and trellises;
- stone well and (or) fountain;
- narrow paved paths, laid in addition to the wide main paths.
Basically, French vineyards are located on the slopes, so the gardens are usually reinforced with terraces and retaining, made of stone, structures. Actually, a couple of wide steps are enough to remind you of this tradition.
The gnarled masonry covered with creeping plants is a trademark of the Provencal style, in which each item is shrouded in a light veil of archaism.
Plants are chosen with foliage of various, but soft shades - apple trees, olives, lindens, apricots, plane trees, dubrovnik, grapes.
The main paths are covered with ceramic tiles, rectangular or square, and additional ones are sprinkled with white sand.
Shade in the French garden is created by pergolas that serve as support for wisteria and clematis.
Water in the south is a true value, so a medium-sized fountain made of wild stone must “register” on the site.
The highlight of French gardens is springs built into the masonry of retaining walls. Previously, there was also a well, but today it is replaced by a pool, the sides of which are decorated with ceramic vases with flowers.
There are many flowers: hydrangeas, delphinium, lavatera, kosmeya, lupins… Herbs are not less respected: lavender, hyssop, rosemary, thyme, anise, oregano, mint, thyme.
For color, pumpkins and ornamental cabbage are added to the beds.
Creating a corner of a French village is a delicate matter, because many plants will have to look for an adequate replacement. The main difficulty is to arrange fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, flowers and herbs in regular tiers so that the garden remains a solid, colorful picture all year round.
The gazebo and garden furniture are most often wooden, with patina and cracks. To increase comfort, pillows are laid out on chairs and benches, and the entrance to the gazebo is covered with muslin.
The shades of the Provencal garden are pale green, white, pink, sky blue and, of course, lavender.
Regular (classic, formal) style
Excellent examples of such a landscape are the ensembles of Peterhof, Versailles, Sanssouci, Tuileries, Hyde Park and other complexes.
Regular style, sometimes called landscape baroque, originated in France, the core of his concept is “man is the architect of nature”.
Classicism, in the bosom of which this garden design was formed, preached rationalism and stood up for logic, clarity of proportions. It is no wonder that the regular style, in particular, is characterized by:
- mirror symmetry, straight alleys, impeccable geometry of flower beds and lawns;
- the main parterre is a rectangular lawn, decorated with an antique statue, an exquisite flower garden, vases, colored sand and gravel;
- fountains, sculptures and flower beds as the centers of compositions;
- bosquets - green "rooms" surrounded by walls of evenly trimmed trees and bushes;
- an abundance of rabatok along the paths - elongated flower beds forming a complex pattern;
- more artificial ponds of ideally regular, geometric shape;
- classic gazebos and gazebos at the intersection of alleys, serving as viewing platforms from where you can admire the garden;
- strict silhouettes of topiary, vases with flowers;
- antique statues or sculptural compositions.
All small architectural forms in the garden - from fountains and sculptures to garden benches - are placed at carefully chosen points, at the intersections of paths, to emphasize the symmetry of the territory. In addition to the listed items, columns and stone balls, forged pergolas and arches, clearly defined, living borders are widely used in classical gardens.
A special role in the regular landscape belongs to low trees and shrubs with dense crowns, which perfectly keep the shape given by gardeners, these are: cypresses, arborvitae, euonymus, lindens, spireas, maples. From flowers, preference is given to tulips and lilies, cyclamens.
The shades of a classic garden, in addition to natural greenery, are white, blue, pale yellow.
Landscape in the style of "Russian estate"
You can feel the spirit of this style by reading Russian classics. The only pity is that the Russian scope, characteristic of the old gardens, cannot be realized in a small area. In addition to scale, the manor style is distinguished by such accents:
- streamlined shapes and smooth lines;
- old lindens, oaks with large trunks and spreading crowns;
- shady, secluded corners;
- ancient sculptures;
- artificial pond;
- lawns with wild vegetation;
- pavilion or rotunda;
- hedges, raised flower beds;
- forged lanterns.
The atmosphere of the Russian garden is calm and thoughtful, it is good to retire with a book, dream about love.
When equipping a garden-estate, one should avoid too regular forms and pedantry unusual for the Russian mentality.
Benches, swings and gazebos are of a soft color, most often white.
You should not get carried away with exotic flowers, and it is better to prefer lawns covered with clover and dandelions to lawns. There must be several coniferous trees, among which, of course, spruce is the emblem of the Russian forest.
Among the accessories, in addition to those mentioned, are also flowerpots, old, mossy statues, forged lattices.
The gamma of the Russian garden is watercolor, without noisy components, it is dominated by white, heavenly, pink, purple and cream shades.
Mediterranean (Italian) style of garden design
This is the southern version of the landscape, a resort near the house.
Expressive strokes:
- play of light and shadow;
- patio as the center of the composition;
- tropical plants in ceramic tubs;
pool; - pergolas and umbrellas;
- wide, white-painted benches;
- paths and platforms paved with mosaics;
- stone terraces or wide steps.
Mediterranean garden - a synthesis of stones, terracotta, plants surrounding the water in the pool. The layout is strict, because the birthplace of the classical canons is the Mediterranean, Hellas and Rome.
The patio is covered with ceramic tiles; for awnings use white, blue, yellow canvas.
The territory is planted with palm trees in tubs, cypresses, magnolias, acacia, silvery olives, almonds and pistachios. They show topiary skills, cutting crowns in the form of balls and pyramids. Crocuses, hyacinths, climbing roses, snapdragons and levkoy, lilies, primroses are cultivated. As well as dried flowers - immortelle, kermek, decorative onions and cereals.
Pergolas covered with ivy and hanging over the alleys, grottoes will fit into the concept of the Italian garden.
Accessories and decor - amphora-shaped flowerpots, flower pots against the background of white walls and shutters, Corinthian columns and porticos, imitation of ancient ruins.
The colors of the garden are shades of sand and the sea.
Japanese landscape design
A traditional garden in Japan is part of the worldview, a territory not for fun, but for reflection and contemplation. There are no accidents in it, aesthetics for the sake of aesthetics: all components symbolize certain elements, express yin and yang.
Japanese gardens are alien to Western rationalism with its straightforwardness, unnatural symmetry and geometry.
In fact, this is a cast, a toy copy of a large-scale landscape, in which there are rivers and mountains, tall trees and low bushes.
Signs of the Japanese garden:
- asymmetry as the basis of planning;
- many stones from rather large boulders to small gravel, groups of them (rock gardens);
- crowns of trees formed in the form of hills;
- a variety of reservoirs: a stream, a pond, a stone bowl with water;
- paved, step-by-step trails;
- "dry" streams;
- moss, ferns;
- bamboo fences, gates;
- gazebo - tea house.
The Japanese garden is distinguished by seclusion - most often it is hidden behind walls, due to which, as well as boulders and grottoes, it is associated with a refuge.
All water objects in the Japanese garden have a natural appearance - that is, they are not fountains or pools.
One of the important characteristics of a Japanese garden is that it is seasonal; it is designed to encourage reflection and contemplation at any time of the year. The garden should please the eye in early spring, late autumn, and even in winter. For this, not only evergreens are used, but also Japanese lanterns in branches, trees with winding trunks, bizarre roots and snags.
The attributes of a Japanese-style garden are benches made of roughly sawn wood or stone, graceful curved bridges over streams, and ropes.
The paths in such a park are not easy, they symbolize the path of life and are covered with flat, every step, stones.
Typical flora - pine and maple, cherry, bamboo. You should definitely include plants whose leaves acquire a scarlet, crimson, crimson color.
Gamma of the Japanese garden - gray-green, white, brown, red-brown, carmine; transitions from color to color are unsharp, blurry.
Despite the fact that the direction implies conciseness and extreme simplicity, it is quite difficult to implement the idea of minimalism in the garden. After all, it has to be implemented using a minimum number of tools.
The principles of such a garden:
- use of relief differences for division into zones;
- space, isolation of objects;
- steps, stairs;
- straight as arrows of the track;
- geometric regular body of water.
Garden accessories and decor of a minimalist garden echo high-tech, but are less diverse. These are, in particular, polished balls made of metal, stone or concrete, strict but spectacular LED lamps, painted gravel, and lightweight outdoor furniture made of plastic or aluminum.
Filling with gravel and rubble can completely replace lawns. Trees and shrubs are distinguished by graphic forms - these are plane trees, spruce and arborvitae, columnar juniper.
Hops, actinidia, wild grapes are used for vertical gardening. Sedges and ferns, mosses and cereals are suitable for covering the soil.
Flowers?
- Even minimalism will not do without them, but there should be few bright plants, two or three cultures. Zinnias, petunias, asters, chrysanthemums are planted in wooden or plastic boxes, which emphasizes the urban spirit of the style.
Minimalist colors - gray, silver, white, beige, light brown.
- emphasis on the structure of the garden, on small architectural forms;
- smooth, arched, wavy lines;
- use of modern materials;
- an abundance of accents;
- contrast of color and textures, alternation of well-lit areas and dark ones;
- asymmetric flower beds and flower beds.
Art Nouveau is closer to the landscape style with its denial of the correct outlines that are not inherent in wildlife. But the freedom of style is not unlimited, rather, it is well dosed.
The central point of the modern garden is. Vegetation is planted in groups, in the middle of which is something unusual, an exotic shrub, for example, or a tree with original color leaves, bright berries, a fancy trunk.
To create contrasts, they combine tall oak and squat willow, ordinary species with dwarf ones. Creeping plants such as wild grapes, ivy and clematis are widely used.
Pretentiousness, mystery, which the style requires, are added by irises, lilies, nasturtiums, poppies, lilies of the valley, daffodils, colorful succulents and spreading ferns.
Details of the Art Nouveau garden - clear-cut flower containers, large concrete or terracotta slabs, textured garden parquet, figurines of birds, beetles and butterflies. And also forged lattices with a floral pattern, built into gazebos, benches, lanterns and fences.
The colors of the garden are beige, chocolate, silver, pink, burgundy, blue tones.
Hi-tech in landscape design
Yes, this fashionable style has made its way into nature, subordinating it to the latest technologies. This landscape is:
- expressive, chopped forms, clear boundaries, right angles;
- polished stone and wood;
- large parts made of glass, metal, finishing with composite materials;
- straight or zigzag alleys;
- very well maintained, smooth lawn;
- supports for vertical gardening;
- chased-shaped reservoir in a concrete edging;
- straight, like the keys of a step;
- modern lamps as a means of decor and landscape lighting;
- fences in the form of cubes, rectangles, balls.
Hi-tech does not provide for bright flower beds, calling for the abandonment of lush flower beds, an abundance of colors.
For landscaping, not very tall trees and shrubs with hard, dense crowns are chosen - boxwood, spruce, juniper, plane trees.
A hedge is formed from barberry, hawthorn, cotoneaster. Small, original flower beds of ferns, hostas, succulents are broken on the lawns.
Straight paths are neatly and densely covered with concrete tiles, wooden slabs or strewn with white, painted gravel.
There can be several artificial ponds, autonomous or interconnected, necessarily of the correct form, with concrete "shores".
However, a high-tech garden is not at all devoid of decor. It is decorated with balls and spherical vases made of polished stone and mirror metal, abstract monuments, LED lamps.
Containers for plants, sides of the pool and steps to it, futuristic sculptures are equipped with even, “cosmic” illumination.
And also among the accessories are spherical gazebos made of metal or wood, artificial stones, CDs on branches.
The overall color is a mixture of gray, chocolate, silver, blue, purple. They dilute the restrained palette with strokes of red, red, black.
Ecostyle in landscape design (naturgarden)
Landscape design in eco style is a fashionable hobby today. The essence of the idea is the minimal intrusion into the natural environment in order to preserve the maximum naturalness of the landscape.
Naturgarden is a local, self-sufficient ecosystem in which all elements are connected and support each other. Its signs:
- materials of natural origin, typical for the area;
- authenticity, miraculous relief;
- a combination of garden flowers with wild plants, plants and stones;
- natural lawns covered not with lawn grass, but with wild field grass;
- uneven, intermittent paths, carelessly, with gaps lined with stones;
- forest trees and shrubs.
The basis of the eco-garden is the flora characteristic of the area. And not only because it meets the criterion of maximum naturalness. But also because such plants are resistant to pests and do not require chemical protection.
The paths are covered with stone, turf or pebbles - they should not be straight, but not too winding so as not to stand out from the environment.
Attributes of ecological design are primitive-looking furniture made of wood, wicker or rattan, a stone hearth or fire pit, a hut or a canopy. Stumps and snags, sawn trees in the eco-garden replace benches and statues, and a small swamp, bordered by reeds, is a fountain.
The decor of the garden is discreet: lanterns, for example, from bottles suspended from trees, bird feeders, crafts made from vines or hemp. Decorate an eco-site and a house for beetles, a beehive.
Vegetation is selected in such a way that it benefits the fauna, gets along with insects and birds. These are, for example, honey plants that attract bees, bushes where hedgehogs will grow, berries that birds will feed on.
The palette of the ecological garden is soft, natural tones.
The garden is an extension of the house, and the choice of its style is not made when you buy flower seeds and tree seedlings. And much earlier, when you decide what it will be like, its environment. After all, you must admit, it is difficult to imagine a garden in a regular style adjacent to a high-tech house. Or an oriental, Islamic landscape with an English cottage…
However, it is not at all necessary to try to implement this or that landscape idea using everything, from A to Z, style resources. Sometimes a few or just a few style elements are enough for the garden to acquire a spectacular, memorable look.
In ancient times, there was a tendency to create gardens in which the aristocracy rested. Some of the elements used there turned out to be so successful that modern times have also reached: one of them is the curly trimmed plants or topiary, which are now popular.
Now landscape designers do not stop at simply using old developments and are using new approaches and materials with might and main. To understand how one solution differs from another, you first need to understand what a garden style is.
This term is understood as a set of many elements, including both plants and small architectural forms, such as pergolas and verandas, which harmoniously fit into the surrounding greenery. Each style has its own design traditions: somewhere they use natural or artificial reservoirs and pay special attention to the type of paving, somewhere, on the contrary, the paths are covered with sand. There are two areas that are considered classic - these are French and English types of landscape design.
regular gardens
They originated in France and have over 400 years of history. The founder of this trend is considered to be Andre Le Nôtre, who worked in the parks of the nobility during the reign of Louis XIV. He also participated in the project of landscaping the area around the beautiful Palace of Versailles. Subsequently, the designer moved to England, where, under his leadership, St. James and Greenwich parks were organized in its capital.
The regular style has such characteristic features as the presence of clear geometric shapes and strict symmetry. In such gardens, alleys extend beyond the field of view, and many flower beds are installed in the front area. Topiary is also used for decoration, and the division into sectors is made with the help of hedges. Evergreen species of plants are used, which makes it possible to delight the eyes of visitors with an abundance of greenery throughout the year, sometimes taking the most bizarre forms.
The reservoir, in the French style, is made in the form of a circle or square, its shape is strictly outlined by the coastline. Flower gardens are also complemented by fountains, sculptures and flowerpots, and there are no relief drops.
This direction is associated with William Kent and Lancelot Brown, whose homeland was Foggy Albion. Designers abandoned the vision of landscape design that Le Nôtre, famous at the time, brought from France. They decided that strict forms, as well as unnatural clarity, were contrary to the freedom-loving spirit of England.
The very idea that the two specialists embodied in their own work belongs to the countries of the East - the new trends implemented by Le Nôtre did not reach there. The landscape garden type is as close to nature as possible, it is very natural, and its elements are arranged in a free order. This approach allows not to isolate a person from nature, but, on the contrary, to symbolize the unity of all things.
The new solution turned out to be attractive not only in terms of aesthetics, but also due to its cost: it was much cheaper to implement such a garden than Le Nôtre's creations. The volume of earthworks is much less, and most of the hedges, topiary and flower beds turned out to be unclaimed. In addition, the cost of maintaining a staff of gardeners was reduced - even a few people were enough for a large area.
In classic English gardens, paths are paved with natural stone. Petuorsky Park or Blenim Manor, which belonged to the Duke of Marlborough, can be a good example of such decisions.
Italian style
This design of the territory is a variation on the theme of the regular style, but with a certain addition. It lies in the fact that any garden is, as it were, a continuation of the house, which means it must be divided into zones, by analogy with how housing is divided into rooms. Green hedges are used for this purpose, and simple geometric shapes predominate in the design. The tracks are both straight and diagonal.
Another feature of this direction is the obligatory patio and sculptures. Topiary, when present, is usually shaped like a sphere or a cube.
Gardens of the East
They combine beauty and the traditional philosophy of unity with nature and the harmony of the elements, so for hundreds of years they have attracted supporters of the culture of China and Japan.
Chinese style
This direction is a close interweaving of modern achievements in the field of landscape design and ancient Feng Shui. The location of the elements, as well as their color, must strictly correspond to the cardinal points. These places of rest look not only natural, but also amaze with their splendor and beauty. An ordinary Chinese garden is inconceivable without various shades of red, which is considered a symbol of life and allows you to gain good luck, wealth and fame when located at the southern end of the equipped area.
Small forms such as arbors or awnings are fully consistent with the traditional architectural style of China - they look like small pagodas, but the inhabitants of the Celestial Empire themselves call them "eyes of the garden."
Another important rule is the zoning of the territory, in addition, bamboo, bronze and stone bas-reliefs are widely used. The range of plants must be strictly controlled and not exceed a certain number. For example, the Chinese themselves prefer only a few types of herbs used at the same time or multicolor. In the tradition that appeared in the Celestial Empire, they use the transformation of the relief, known to us as geoplastics.
Japanese traditions
Miniaturization and symbolism are in use here. It is these features, formed under the influence of the mentality of the island inhabitants, that distinguish any garden in Japan. In the understanding of the people of the Land of the Rising Sun, it is a cozy space that, for the comfort of the owner, closes the owner for a while from the bustle of the street and the outside world. Moreover, with the development of civilization, these traditions not only did not die out, but also gained even more popularity, which is not surprising, given the cost of land somewhere in Tokyo - you can’t really go wild here.
Real stones and water are a kind of skeleton of the garden, so rockeries or alpine slides are used as decorations. Here is a place for secluded relaxation alone with nature, and not for walking. This tradition originated in the days when such elements of landscape design surrounded tea houses, in which nothing should have distracted guests.
Along with traditional garden accessories, national lanterns and evergreen bonsai are used. Special bells will also come in handy, which will allow you to hear real wind music. Among the garden figurines there is also Hotei - who is the god of prosperity and happiness.
Modern
This direction has appeared in landscape design since the beginning of the last century. Its main idea is the high functionality of the garden, bordering on utility: a tennis court or a swimming pool can appear from neat thickets in front of a visitor who walks along the paths.
This style is characterized by high selectivity to the building materials used: they are used much more than plant varieties. In the latter, attention is by no means paid to flowers - when choosing them, the main foliage and shoots that form the green frame of the garden.
The solutions made by the supporters of this direction abound in contrasts: white and black drops, the absence of any intermediate tones and sharp transitions. Used bushes and trees can have sharp or large leaves, coniferous plants are also appropriate.
Flowerbeds filled with poppies, irises, lilies and peonies set off well the absence of other bright colors. There are almost no various accessories, without which it is difficult to imagine landscape design - strict lines, correct geometry and a certain amount of artistic forging, as a rule, against the background of lighter walls.
Country
It is also called rural style - it is the best suited for a summer cottage. Such solutions allow you to reveal all the simplicity and charm of village life. When creating a garden, they try not to make any restrictions on the existing area, and the materials are exclusively natural. Some neglect can, on the contrary, give a peculiar charm to desertedness and create a feeling of nature running wild after the departure of man.
The range of plants is extremely wide: colorful flower beds are planted here, shrubs are grown in the form of hedges, pergolas, arches and canopies are made, braided with creepers and creepers. The rural garden is characterized by a Moorish lawn and an ornamental vegetable garden, which is an integral element of the style.
Accessories should be antique-style: it can be a small wattle fence, on which there are inverted cast irons, flower pots made in the shape of a shoe, a metal umbrella holder - forged will not hurt either.
A pond in a summer cottage is a real find, since its shore can also be used to good use - an old boat overgrown with moss and lichen will create a kind of deserted atmosphere in which it will be pleasant to relax after a metropolis filled with hundreds of thousands of people.
Dutch gardens
They are similar to country music, only given the traditional lack of free land in the Netherlands. But a small space is furnished with maximum comfort - you should not abuse large-sized ones, because they will shade flowers and shrubs, hiding the unique beauty of wildlife. Evergreen and coniferous plants are used, most often decorative.
A mandatory feature of the Dutch garden are the attributes inherent in the country, only unlike the latter, there is no place for neglect in it: weeds must be removed and overgrown greenery limited.
Muslim gardens
This option is for those who lead a leisurely and measured pace of life. Such a decision includes unity with nature, characteristic of the gardens of the East, closely intertwined with religion. Landscaping should remind people on earth of the beauty of Paradise, here everything is permeated with peace and bliss.
The whole territory is divided into four main parts, which have some independence: if the site has the shape of a square, then its fragments can, in turn, be divided into smaller elements, in the centers of which there are small reservoirs. It is desirable that these were not ponds or lakes, but channels or fountains. Since the materials should embody the wealth of the owner, marble is mainly used.
Moorish style
During the period when the south of Spain was controlled by immigrants from the Muslim world, a new trend in landscape design of that time arose, combining the subtle wisdom of the East and European garden art. Patios are widely used - patios made in the form of rooms separated by arches and pergolas, which are covered with greenery: grapes, creepers or climbing roses.
Plants are planted in a free order and usually do not undergo any decorative shearing. Decorative paving is perfectly complemented by water elements. Such masterpieces of garden art can be found in the gardens of the Generalife and the Alhamba in Granada.
