Installation and connection of street, landscape or facade lighting fixtures. Rules and methods for installing street lamps Wiring diagram for street lamps in the country
To make it convenient and comfortable at night, various lighting devices are used for outdoor street lighting. They differ in shapes, type of light elements used, power, mounting methods and other characteristics. Although a large number of alternative lighting models for poles have appeared today, lamps for DRL lamps remain one of the most common.
Technical characteristics of DRL lamps (throttle mercury lamp)
DRL - high-pressure arc or choke mercury phosphor lamp (gas-discharge mercury lamp), designed for night street lighting and large-scale technical and general premises. Differs in the increased light output as it has additional electrodes. Gas-discharge mercury light elements have a number of advantages, which allows them to remain popular with housing and communal services and in the private sector.
- Powerful - with standard power consumption (network 220 W), range from 125 to 1000 W.
- Bright - light output (Lm / W) up to 60 Lumens (fluorescent is "capable" of only 10 - 20 Lm / W).
- Durable – Designed to last up to 20,000 hours.
- Economical - consume less energy than incandescent lamps.
- Frost-resistant - withstand severe frosts without degrading performance.
All information about outdoor wall waterproof LED lamps is described.
Differences from LED lamps
The fact that DRL "step on the heels" of more modern, LED elements is due to their significant shortcomings:
- Delay - the peak brightness of the lamp reaches within 7 minutes, which is not always convenient.
- The presence of a choke - it increases the cost of the lamp and complicates the connection of the lamp.
- Noise accompaniment - a functioning throttle emits a hum.
- Weak color rendering - the spectrum of the lamp is limited.
- Fluctuations in flow - the lamp "blinks" during operation.
- Difficulties in operation - since the working height of the lamps is on average 4 meters, installation, replacement of lamps and cleaning of ceiling lamps from midges require special equipment.
Details about LED spotlights for street lighting are set out.
Lamps with DRL are somewhat inferior to LED ones in terms of characteristics, but outperform incandescent lamps. But in terms of the combination of price and quality, gas-discharge ones are superior to LED ones, they are more affordable.
Types of devices with DRL, their parameters and cost
Two main types of lights are produced for DRL devices, which best meet the scope of application.
Console
All the usual, drop-shaped lamps for poles, fixed at an angle of 15 ° relative to the horizontal. Designed for one or more (up to three) lamps, they have both built-in and external choke. The body and reflector are made of special sheet steel. The plafond can be completed with a protective glass cap or a metal lattice. Used lamps: 125, 250, 400 watts. The price depends on the power. The cost of a 400 V DRL lamp is from 2000 rubles. DRL console luminaires are designed for high poles and lighting large areas. Mounting height from 3 to 5 meters.
Find out what outdoor ground lamps are.
Crowning (floor lamp)
Usually made in the form of a frosted or transparent ball of glass or polycarbonate, a pillar, support or decorative cabinet acts as a base. They also produce floor lamps in the form of an inverted cone, in which the glass diffuser is supplemented with a protective metal cap. The throttle is located at the base of the ceiling, the lamp used: 125, 150 watts. Installation height from 3 to 5 meters.
Pillar lamps DRL are designed for high-rise lighting. Consoles give side, asymmetrical light, from floor lamps the lighting is distributed evenly. Console equipped with reflectors and cover a solid area. A necessary element of street lighting will be. 
The specific cost of luminaires for DRL depends on the manufacturer and body materials, console models with protective glass and glass crowning ones are more expensive. On average, the price of a console lamp starts at 900 rubles, for a crowning polycarbonate variety you will have to pay at least 1,400 rubles. If you settled on a glass floor lamp, prepare at least 2,500 rubles.
How to connect street lighting
If municipal services are engaged in the lighting of streets, roads and parks, then each owner equips his summer cottage or personal plot independently, based on his capabilities and preferences. Console lamps DRL, this is the best option for the upper tier of lighting, you can install one or more poles to completely cover the area.
Floor lamps will look good along the alleys, above the benches, above the gates. Being located below, relative to the console, they form the second tier. One of the advantages of DRL lamps is their availability, on the scale of a large area, with a large number of lighting points. The savings from their use are tangible. It will turn out both effectively and decoratively. 
Although the energy consumption of DRL lamps is lower than that of incandescent lamps, if they are lit all night long, the bills for payment will contain a significant amount. To cut costs, you should use . They can be equipped with lamps of the lower tier, since their light is required periodically.
You will find more details about the photo relay for street lighting.
Connection
Unlike other lamps, gas-discharge mercury lamps are connected to the network through a ballast (ballast) - a choke. This is a stabilizer that converts the rated mains voltage into starting voltage, which is more than 2 times higher. Without a choke, the light bulb will simply burn out when turned on. The circuit is a series connection of a lamp with a choke, connected to the network.
The installation of street lamps in the territory adjacent to the house has not only an aesthetic, but also a practical background. The organization of lighting in order to increase safety requires the involvement of professionals. Especially if high-altitude work is required.
Of course, if we are talking about how to build a street lamp for or a garden path, then try to do everything yourself - this way you will save a lot of money. But to implement a large-scale street lighting project, it is better to use the help of specialists, for example, employees of the company svet-mir.ru, since you will have to deal with complex schemes.
We also advise you not to save on lighting fixtures. Wind, rain, snow and other natural factors mercilessly affect the entire yard infrastructure. High-quality lamps last longer and have a more beautiful design. Lighting devices for outdoor placement (in simple words - street lamps) have an index indicating the degree of their security. For example, IP44 means that these luminaires can only be installed under a canopy, and the IP65 index means that they can be installed outdoors.
Installation of street lamps should be carried out taking into account safety standards and manufacturer's recommendations.
Types of street lighting:
- outdoor, when the lamps are located near the ground itself or in the channel of the surface drainage system;
- high-rise - on poles, from one to seven meters high, also lamps can be attached to the cornices of buildings or structures.
Prepare the grounds for the light/lights. Install pedestals, posts or poles. Reinforce the foundation if necessary. This will provide good stability and prevent warping in strong winds. And to make the design look pretty, plant under it.
Perform disassembly of the luminaire housing in accordance with the attached instructions. There may be plugs in the moisture-proof housing. Some manufacturers make luminaire housings with latches. The cable to be connected must be de-energized. At home, you can check the power supply of the cable using a conventional indicator screwdriver. Additionally, take care of the impossibility of supplying electricity for the duration of the work (so that no one accidentally or by mistake turns on the network).
Using the fasteners, which, as a rule, comes with the kit, fix the lamp body, connect the contacts to the cartridge and screw in the lighting lamp. When the installation of street lighting is almost completed, check the correctness of the connections and proceed to check the performance of the lighting system. When assembling the case, pay attention to the correct installation of the plugs.
If necessary, additional waterproofing of the cable entry / exit points can be performed using silicone sealant.
Depending on the luminaire model, the contacts may already be connected. Therefore, during the installation process, it is enough to screw in the lamp and connect the lamp through a waterproof terminal connector. Modern expensive models of outdoor lighting devices can be equipped with a motion sensor or a light sensor (photocell), which saves energy.
The installation of various types of lamps outside the home to organize facade, street or landscape lighting of the adjacent territory of a private house or cottage has its own characteristics. And the lamps themselves have design features in mind that they are installed outdoors and are constantly exposed to temperature changes, wind, precipitation and sunlight.
For outdoor installation, choose fixtures of higher quality, which will guarantee their durable and safe operation.
In addition, pay attention to the degree of its protection, determined by the IP index, which should not be less than IP65 for luminaires installed directly on the street, and not less than IP44 if moisture does not directly get on them (under a visor, roof).
When installing street or landscape lighting, as a rule, luminaires are used that are installed directly in low plastic or metal poles up to 1 meter or at a height of 2 to 7 meters on iron or concrete supports, or mounted on architectural buildings and structures.
Installation of lamps for landscape, facade or street lighting.
Attaching to external walls, the roof, as a rule, does not cause difficulties for anyone. For fastening, dowels or anchors are used, which fix the lamp through special holes in its base.
Let's take a closer look at the foundation.
It is either cast from concrete on site or simply digs a ready-made base into the ground, and then a support is attached to it, on which the lamp will be attached, or you can directly fix the finished post from the factory, with a built-in lamp inside. You can also use metal to create a foundation. The support is inserted directly into the inside of a concrete or iron base and then fixed in it by pouring concrete, but if the base of the column is bolted, it is necessary to first provide and fix the bolts of the required diameter at the required distance in the base.
The foundation provides stability and prevents falls and misalignment.
Sometimes the design of a street lamp provides for a simple penetration into the ground or installation on the surface.
Instructions on how to connect fixtures for facade, landscape or street lighting.
1. We disassemble the lamp body, which must be well protected from moisture ingress and other environmental influences. We look at the instructions, if not, we unscrew the prominent bolts (they may also be under the plug), models on latches are less common.
2. Check the absence of voltage on the cable to be connected using an indicator screwdriver, and we take measures to prevent its erroneous or accidental switching on during our work with it!
3. We carry out the fastening of the lamp to the base. Using bolts, anchors or dowels to the wall or foundation base. Less commonly, the post is inserted into the foundation, wedged and poured with concrete.
4. Connecting to the power supply.
We find inside a special place for connecting the electrical supply cable to the lamp, which is most often produced in moisture-proof mounting boxes - inside which you will find. We put one cable on it or two in parallel if the lamps are connected by a cable (the next one is connected from one lamp). A wire sits on L-, on N-. If the material of the lighting device is made of metal or it is mounted on a metal base, it must be grounded by connecting it to the third grounding conductor.
It is not uncommon for a luminaire to come from the factory with a cable connected to the luminaire inside on one side and to a sealed connector on the other side.
All you need to do is just connect the power cable to the connector in a sealed manner and then connect the connectors to each other.
General schematic diagram of connecting a street or facade lamp to the mains
shown in the diagram below. 
Zero goes immediately directly to the lamp, and the phase goes through a photo sensor or a motion sensor. Instead, you can simply install an ordinary mechanical switch in the same way.
Salary: from 60,000 to 100,000 rubles
MASTER PLUMBER REQUIRED 8-922-335-1000 CALL!
Responsibilities of the master plumber: Traveling work in the apartments of city residents Moscow (implementation of small-urgent applications costing from 1000 rubles and more). Installation of plumbing and sanitary ware (water heaters, heated towel rails, washing machines and dishwashers, sinks, sinks, siphons). Toilet installation, replacement and repair. Installation, cleaning and repair of shower cubicles, boxes and corners. Service and warranty service of shower cabins. Installation and replacement of heating radiators, cast-iron radiators. Installation, repair, replacement of the mixer. Wiring and replacement of pipes for water supply, heating and sewerage systems in an apartment and a private country house (cottage). Replacement, repair of toilet cistern fittings. Replacement of risers of heating, water supply and sewerage. Installation of laying pipes for hot water and cold water. Elimination of blockages and leaks of pipes and plumbing products. Installation, repair, cleaning and maintenance of sololifts.
Salary: from 50,000 to 80,000 rubles
DISPATCH SERVICE - CLUB 24.7
WANTED MASTER - ELECTRICIAN 8-922-335-1000 CALL!
Responsibilities of the master electrician: Traveling work in the apartments of city residents Moscow in standby mode (small-urgent applications costing from 1000 rubles and more). Installation and replacement of electrical wiring in the Khrushchev apartment and new buildings according to the design project. Partial or complete replacement of wiring in the room in the kitchen, in the bathroom. Installation, replacement and installation of electrical outlets, repair and relocation of outlets. Installation of chandeliers, sconces and lamps. Installation and replacement of circuit breakers and RCDs. Installation of electric meters in an apartment with sealing. Identification and troubleshooting in the wiring of the apartment there is no light, no voltage in the sockets.
Working conditions: Piece work (percentage of applications). Irregular working day in standby mode, work with applications from 08.00 to 22.00 in total, the master works 4-6 hours a day.
Terms of payment for control rooms: wages are piecework daily percentage of applications!
From applications costing from 1,000 to 4,000 rubles, the dispatcher's commission is only 20% - your 80% of the application is in your hands!
From applications costing from 4,000 to 10,000 rubles, the dispatcher's commission is only 15% - your 85% of the application is in your hands!
Commission from large applications-objects from 10,000 rubles and up to 100,000 rubles fixed 1,500 rubles per object, the rest is yours!
Salary: from 60,000 to 100,000 rubles
DISPATCH SERVICE - CLUB 24.7
HOME WORKER REQUIRED 8-922-335-1000 CALL!
Traveling work in the apartments of city residents Moscow (implementation of small-urgent applications costing from 1000 rubles and more).
Responsibilities of the master PLUMBING: Installation of plumbing and sanitary products (water heaters, heated towel rails, washing and dishwashers, sinks, sinks, siphons). Toilet installation, replacement and repair. Installation, cleaning and repair of shower cubicles, boxes and corners. Service and warranty service of shower cabins. Installation and replacement of heating radiators, cast-iron radiators. Installation, repair, replacement of the mixer. Wiring and replacement of pipes for water supply, heating and sewerage systems in an apartment and a private country house (cottage). Replacement, repair of toilet cistern fittings. Replacement of risers of heating, water supply and sewerage. Installation of laying pipes for hot water and cold water. Elimination of blockages and leaks of pipes and plumbing products. Installation, repair, cleaning and maintenance of sololifts.
Responsibilities of an ELECTRICIAN:Installation and replacement of electrical wiring in the Khrushchev apartment and new buildings according to the design project. Partial or complete replacement of wiring in the room in the kitchen, in the bathroom. Installation, replacement and installation of electrical outlets, repair and relocation of outlets. Installation of chandeliers, sconces and lamps. Installation and replacement of circuit breakers and RCDs. Installation of electric meters in an apartment with sealing. Identification and troubleshooting in the wiring of the apartment there is no light, no voltage in the sockets.
Working conditions: Piece work (percentage of applications). Irregular working day in standby mode, work with applications from 08.00 to 22.00 in total, the master works 4-6 hours a day.
Terms of payment for control rooms: wages are piecework daily percentage of applications!
From applications costing from 1,000 to 4,000 rubles, the dispatcher's commission is only 20% - your 80% of the application is in your hands!
From applications costing from 4,000 to 10,000 rubles, the dispatcher's commission is only 15% - your 85% of the application is in your hands!
Commission from large applications-objects from 10,000 rubles and up to 100,000 rubles fixed 1,500 rubles per object, the rest is yours!
Salary:
Salary:
Salary: from 40,000 to 60,000 rubles
Terms of payment for control rooms: wages piece-rate daily percentage of applications 75% Your master receives, the remaining 25% is the dispatcher's commission, from applications worth 4,000 rubles and more, the dispatcher's commission is only 20%, your 80% of the application is in your hands.
Commission from large applications from 8,000 rubles and up to 100,000 rubles fixed 1,500 rubles per object, the rest is yours!.
Examples of commission calculation:
1000 rubles application - 250 rubles dispatcher commission (25%);
1500 rubles application - 375 rubles dispatcher commission (25%);
2000 rubles application - 500 rubles dispatcher commission (25%);
4000 rubles application - 800 rubles dispatcher commission (20%);
5000 rubles application - 1000 rubles dispatcher commission (20%);
8000 rubles application - 1500 rubles dispatcher commission (18.75%);
15,000 rubles application - 1,500 rubles dispatcher commission (10%);
20,000 rubles application - 1,500 rubles dispatcher commission (7.5%);
50,000 rubles application - 1,500 rubles dispatcher commission (3%);
100,000 rubles application - 1,500 rubles dispatcher commission (1.5%);
An important role is given to lighting in the improvement of the adjacent territory of the cottage, summer cottage, and any other private building. If earlier monotonous light sources were presented on the market, today a wide selection of street lighting fixtures is amazing. The article will focus on the installation of street lamps.
High-quality lighting makes our life not only more comfortable, but also safer. The process of installing lamps, laying and connecting electrical wiring, then the same rules are observed here as with room lighting. Much attention is paid to the materials from which both the devices themselves and related components are made.
Lamps for street lighting
Lighting can be divided into primary and auxiliary (decorative). The first type is responsible for security, as it provides a bright visibility of the site. The second type includes searchlights installed in private areas.
Devices are used for decorative illumination of the house, arbors, pedestrian paths. They serve more as a creation of a special atmosphere, a beautiful design of the backyard territory. It can be:
- wall lamps that illuminate the entrance or part of the wall. A special flavor is achieved at night;
- ground lamps are mounted along the paths, they define the boundaries of flower beds or lawns;
- lanterns installed at the entrance areas, as well as along the sidewalks.
The last two options can simply be located on the territory in a chaotic manner, creating an original look for any landscape. The lamps can be powered by solar energy, charging from 8 hours of daylight is enough for about 6 hours of continuous operation of the lamp.
Outdoor LED lamps
There are widely presented devices that allow installation at any point of the site, while they can be reinstalled at least five times a day. There are lamps clinging to tree branches.
Features of lamps for street lighting fixtures
Lighting fixtures are subject to increased power requirements. This parameter determines the efficiency of work. Another important indicator is the service life. Since the replacement of street lamps is fraught with some difficulties, this characteristic should not be ignored.
There are a number of features that are peculiar only to specialized devices for outdoor use:
- tightness of the case and resistance to temperature extremes, which allows the device to work under adverse weather conditions;
- resistance to unstable electrical voltage;
- immunity to vibrations typical for outdoor conditions (a passing vehicle, increased wind, hail, etc.);
- high light output and optimal illumination angle of a certain area;
- durability, which protects both the body and the lamps from deliberate damage by hooligans.
Electrical equipment must be marked with IP, which indicates the degree of protection. The first digit (from 1 to 6) indicates the protection level of the instrument against the ingress of dust and larger solid particles, the second (from 1 to 8) indicates the level of protection when operating in wet conditions. Accordingly, the larger the number, the higher the level of protection.
Lamp type
Lighting devices are classified according to many parameters, the most common of which is the division according to the type of lamps used.
- Halogen. They perfectly transmit light fluxes of directional or diffused glow. The incredible popularity is due to the long service life and the ability to use them for a variety of devices. Today, the production of halogen street lamps with a power of 3 to several tens of thousands of watts has been launched. Therefore, it is possible with the selection of a model for specific needs will not be difficult. Among the advantages can also be noted the ability to adjust the power and the ability to work even in aggressive conditions.
- Fluorescent street lamps. High-pressure discharge lamps have a cool, bright light. They serve as an excellent option for greenhouses, showrooms and open spaces. The main advantage of such products is a weak sensitivity to voltage transmission in the mains. Thanks to technical priorities, the lamps are characterized by a long service life and a wide range of color temperatures, where the highest values equate to daylight.
- sodium. Luminaires equipped with such lamps show a rather poor color rendering. However, devices with soft yellowish radiation are widely used in landscape design. Such lamps belong to the energy-saving category. With a high light output in the yellow spectrum due to sodium vapor, the products consume little electricity. In this connection, spotlights can be put in the category of unpretentious and economical street lighting products.
- LED lamps for street lamps. LEDs have excellent color reproduction and contrast. Among the positive qualities noted: long-term operation, efficiency, resistance to mechanical stress. The scope of their use is extensive, with their help they illuminate buildings, they are used for arranging interiors and landscape design. Depending on the purpose, you can use single spotlights or a group of fixtures. With the help of products interesting effects are created. Using dimmers, you can organize bright, full-color lighting. Today, LED lamps for street lighting are the most popular.
Supports for street lighting
For landscape gardening complexes, manufacturers offer a huge selection of supports for installing lighting fixtures. It can be:
- support masts painted with weather-resistant powder paints. It may not just look like poles, but have a twisted "leg". For installation of lamps, products are equipped with consoles and brackets. Supports can be with or without a mortgage, which determines the installation method;
- brackets are made of pipes of different sections. Design features allow their installation on horizontal, vertical surfaces. The decorativeness of products works to create a unified concept of a personal plot;
- consoles can have a standard reach or other sizes according to the client's requirements. If you plan to install not one, but several lamps, then you can purchase console brackets with the required number of horns;
- the swivel bracket makes it possible to adjust the position of the lamp relative to the horizon, which means adjusting the lighting of a certain area. Products are mounted on any supporting surface.
Materials for the manufacture of all types of supports can be metal, wood, plastic, reinforced concrete. All of them have the right to life. The main requirements for products are reliable fastenings and a sealed place for wiring.
Preparatory work
Work on the installation of street energy-saving lamps begins with the acquisition of all components of the lighting system. All equipment will be located outdoors, which means that it will be affected by adverse conditions.
If the diagram for the location of each device is ready, then you should proceed to the choice of cable laying. It can be done in two ways:
- underground. This option assumes that the cable is protected. As an addition, a casing, plastic tray or sleeve is used. The depth of the trench depends on the available protective structures;
- elevated. Here, the laying is carried out in the air, for example, from the house to the supporting pole. In parallel with the cable, an auxiliary cable is pulled. The cores are fixed to the supporting cable by means of clamps.
An important stage of preparation is the calculation of the thickness of the electrically conductive cores. Too thick cable will hit the budget, especially if a long route is supposed to be laid. A thin core will not cope with the load, which will lead to melting of the insulation and, as a result, a short circuit will follow. The calculations take into account the total power of the installed lamps, the cross section and length of the cable. Compliance with the power of circuit breakers.
Cable laying requirements
There are a number of rules that must be observed in the process of organizing street lighting:
- underground laying is carried out in a trench. If the cable has a special casing, then the depth can be 40-50 cm, without protection, laying is carried out at a depth of at least 70-80 cm;
- after installing the cable, it is covered with a 20 cm layer of earth. After that, it is recommended to lay a plastic mesh. When someone starts digging in this place, he stumbles upon a kind of protection and realizes that an electric cable passes at this point;
- the distance from buildings, water supply, parallel cables and the route of passage of the veins must be at least half a meter;
- when developing a lighting project, it is necessary to take into account the direction of light fluxes. Make sure that the light does not hit the windows of neighboring residential buildings, many may not like it;
- You can avoid overpaying for consumed electricity by properly arranging equipment. The absence of intersection of the illumination radii indicates the correct approach to this issue;
- as a light source, give preference not to beauty, but to efficiency. In order not to change burnt out lamps with enviable regularity, choose products with a long service life. It is recommended to opt for outdoor LED lamps;
- switches and sockets must also have a high degree of protection. For reliability, you can use decorative tools that are presented in a wide range.
Installation of supports
- Wall structures are easy to install. As a rule, fasteners are included with the lighting fixture. In any case, you can always choose fasteners depending on the material of the surface to which the consoles or brackets will be fixed.
- Vertical poles can be installed directly on the ground. Also presented are models equipped with a mortgage. For their reliable installation, you will need to build a foundation.
- To do this, a hole is dug a little deeper than the height of the embedded part. The bottom is covered with sand and rammed. Next, formwork is constructed from boards or plywood sheets. A hole is made in one of the walls with a diameter equal to the cross section of a plastic pipe or casing.
- A cable is laid to the installation point with a margin. The length of the stock is calculated based on the location of the ceiling. Model terminals can be located both in the upper and lower part of the support column. The cable is passed through the tubes, they must be protected from the ingress of the solution when pouring the base.
- For greater strength, metal pins are hammered into the bottom of the pit, which act as reinforcement for the concrete structure. The column is installed in the center of the pit, aligned vertically by means of a building level. Then you can proceed directly to pouring concrete.
- Some models of poles are mounted using anchor devices. In this case, it is necessary to follow all of the above recommendations for arranging the foundation. Anchors are installed in the poured, slightly seized concrete. After complete drying, you can install the pillars.
- The cable is routed and connected to the terminals. The test is best done using an extension cord connected to the circuit breaker. This will help to avoid a short circuit of the entire circuit during erroneous work. With a positive result, the final connection of all links of the chain is carried out.
- By such simple recommendations, the installation of lamps for street lighting is carried out. At the design stage, you can provide for the presence of automation. Modern systems are incredibly in demand today.
- With the help of special photorelays (sensors), the devices are triggered by movement or the intensity of natural light. In the presence/absence of a stimulus, the lamps automatically turn on or off.
Such systems are incredibly convenient. With their presence, there is no need for manual control, in addition, they save energy consumption. And in the absence of the owners, the lighting will work, which will create the illusion of the presence of people.published
P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet
