Types of penetrating waterproofing. Penetrating waterproofing - reliable protection of concrete and masonry Features of penetrating waterproofing
Sometimes ordinary waterproofing does not help protect foundations that are in active contact with water. To prevent the destruction of structures from moisture, it is necessary to use a waterproofing penetrating water stop for concrete. Today we will talk about penetrating compounds, consider their advantages and disadvantages. We will introduce you to the mechanism of penetrating waterproofing, advise the best mixtures for it, and inform you about the technology for using such waterproofing.
Scope of penetrating waterproofing
Waterproofing is necessary in order to protect the structural material installed in the room from moisture, increasing its service life. Water contains salts, which, penetrating into the structure of the material, begin to destroy it, reducing its strength and durability. To prevent the negative impact of water on the building, to increase the moisture resistance of the building material, a waterproofing layer is laid.
Penetrating waterproofing-cement-sand mixture using chemical additives.
The difference between penetrating waterproofing and other compounds is that it creates a waterproofing layer not on the surface of the foundation, but in its thickness, inside.
Chemical additives are able to penetrate to a depth of 10-12 cm.
This waterproofing is used in many structures with high humidity:
The principle of operation, the pros and cons of penetrating waterproofing
The material is applied to wet concrete, previously mixed with water. The chemicals that make up the penetrating materials react with the elements of the concrete mixture and form insoluble crystals.
And since the structure of concrete is capillary-porous, the crystals fill its microcracks, blocking access to water. Air can pass through it, allowing the concrete to breathe. Thanks to penetrating waterproofing, concrete becomes compacted, a high-strength film 2-3 mm thick is formed on it, and even strong water pressure cannot wash active substances out of it.
If water molecules fall on such concrete, then the chemical reaction resumes again. Substances penetrate even deeper into it, thus capturing more and more areas of it, making it highly durable and waterproof. The penetration depth of such waterproofing throughout the entire thickness of concrete is 30-40 cm, it can close cracks 4 mm wide.
Benefits of using:
Penetrating waterproofing has its drawbacks
The choice of penetrating waterproofing
"Penetron"
One of the most popular building penetrating mixtures is "Penetron." This material system increases the water resistance of concrete by 4 steps. So before processing concrete, he withstood water pressure of 2 atmospheres. After using Penetron penetrating waterproofing, it is able to withstand water pressure of 10 atmospheres, and over time can achieve water resistance.
Chemically active substances "Penetron" penetrate into the concrete, regardless of the direction of water pressure. The movement of the Penetron elements is possible deep into the concrete and against the flow of water. Once inside, the active chemical elements of the "Penetron" react with aluminum ions, calcium, oxides and metal salts. As a result, an insoluble precipitate appears in the form of crystals, which fill the concrete cells without letting water in. The water resistance of concrete is increased.
"Penetron" is a dry building mix, which includes quartz sand and chemical additives. This quality patented material has been used for more than 50 years for monolithic and prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures. American penetrating material protects and restores old concrete with cracks no more than 0.5mm.
Its effectiveness allows the use of "Penetron" not only for industrial, but also for domestic purposes: to protect pools, bathrooms, basements. The material is not cheap - the cost for 1 kg is 4-5 dollars, and its consumption is 1 kg per square meter.
Expensive pleasure, isn't it? But it's worth it. It is better to buy quality material than to resume repair work later. Just carefully look at the goods on the market so as not to buy a cheap fake.
"Crystallisol"
High-quality mixture for penetrating waterproofing. The composition of "Kristallizola" includes river or quartz sand, special cement and active chemical additives. The manufacturer GidroStroyKomplekt does not reveal the secret of the composition of the mixture.
It is produced in Russia, so it costs less - only $ 1 per 1 kg. But it is in no way inferior to a well-known brand, and even surpasses it in some respects.
Thus, the waterproofing plaster mix restores destroyed concrete structures, perfectly protects pools, water tanks, walls and floors of basements that are below the groundwater level.
For joints and seams, it is produced - "Sutural" "Kristallizol", for new and old concrete structures - W12, for the walls of wells "Gidroplomba", for restoration - "Repair"
"Lakhta"
Reviews of the dry mix are the best. Consumers praise the building material for its quality, efficiency and lower price than foreign counterparts: $2-3 per 1 kg. At the same time, it is higher than the price of the penetrating mixture of the domestic manufacturer Kristallizola. It consists of a mixture of quartz sand, cement and active chemical additives.
"Lakhta" does not exfoliate, forms a protective layer that prevents mechanical damage. Water resistance W10. Lakhta is effective even at high hydrostatic pressure. Widely used in industry and everyday life. Safe material, therefore approved for waterproofing potable water tanks.
Before applying Lakhta, the concrete surface should be cleaned of oil products, dirt, dust, so that foreign substances do not prevent the material from penetrating into the concrete pores.
A smooth surface should be sanded under high pressure, and then hydrochloric acid diluted in a ratio of 1:10 should be applied to it. This is necessary in order for the pores of the concrete to open.
"Element"
Produced waterproofing penetrating "Element" in Stavropol. It costs one and a half dollars per kilogram.
It is used to protect basements, balconies, swimming pools, cellars, underground parking lots, socles, mines, hydraulic structures from water. "Element" penetrates into the concrete for several tens of centimeters.
The crystals that fill the capillaries of concrete go deeper inside, the wetter it is. And the stronger it becomes. Concrete after exposure to the penetrating mixture "Element" prevents water filtration even under strong pressure. The armoring layer that occurs when using the mixture protects against mechanical damage, chemical attack, and corrosion of metals.
"KT TRON"
Krov Trade specialists offer a wide range of building mixtures. Here, not only penetrating waterproofing, but also compounds that protect the seams and joints of structures, as well as mixtures to eliminate their instantaneous leakage.
There is a waterproof plaster in the line, which is applied to walls, additives to concrete that increase its water resistance.
The company employs professionals who use the best achievements of science and technology. The main advantages of the composition of penetrating materials is the presence in them of elements similar in structure to cement. Therefore, they have the same service life as concrete. Penetrating mixtures are used to make structures dry, watertight: basements, garages, plinths, bathrooms, industrial and energy complexes.
"Hydrotex"
Penetrating waterproofing is composed of sand, cement and additives. For waterproofing the inner layer, "Hydrotex B" is used, for the outer "Hydrotex U."
Hydrotex manufacturers claim that their compounds can penetrate to a depth of 1m.
"Osmosil"– penetrating materials made in Italy. They protect both industrial facilities and private buildings. Before using them, walls and floors should be plastered.
Aquatron-6- this waterproofing penetrates deep into the concrete by 40 cm.
Technology of work with penetrating compositions
Technology of penetrating waterproofing of joints and seams
If cracks are large, add fine gravel.
If the concrete structure with traces of destruction, then the mixture is applied with a spatula in several layers. The layer size must reach at least 13mm.
After an hour, treat the surface with a liquid waterproofing compound.
Foundation processing technology with penetrating waterproofing
This technology is used to process new block or monolithic foundations, both from the inside and from the outside.
The composition can be applied both from the inside of the room and from the outside.
If there are destroyed foundation structures, then the mixture should be of a pasty consistency. Apply it with a layer of 2 mm.
The surface should be covered with a decorative layer only 21 days after the use of waterproofing materials.
Foundation repair technology using penetrating compounds
This technology is used to eliminate leaks with a strong hydrostatic head. Hydro-penetrating seal stops leaking by installing a waterproof plug in the crack
Today we introduced you to penetrating waterproofing, its advantages and disadvantages, told you where it is used, and informed you about the technology of its use.
We hope that our advice will help you protect your building from destruction, extend its service life for many years.
During construction, experts advise paying special attention to protection against moisture. For this, various mastics, bikrost are used. However, the builder does not always have enough experience to do everything right, which leads to the appearance first in, and then in residential premises. Not only is this moment very unpleasant and harmful to the health of those living in the house, moisture also destroys buildings. In this case, you can use this type of protection against water, such as penetrating for concrete. It can be used when the dwelling is already built, applying the compound from inside the basement walls.
A similar layer is applied from the inside of the room (most often in) to the walls and floor - they are most susceptible to getting wet. If instead of such material the same bikrost is used, there will be no sense in the work - they will be useless. After a short time, the coating will swell, water will collect between it and the wall, which will even worse affect the state of concrete strength.
Penetrating compounds act differently. Soaking into concrete, like a sponge, they fill the smallest channels that are always present in. Further, meeting with water, the composition crystallizes, tightly clogging the channel and blocking the path of water. Thus, maximum protection against moisture penetration through the basement walls is provided.
Important information! Such compositions will be useless when applied to porous materials such as foam block. In this case, it is necessary to protect the structure from the outside as much as possible even at the construction stage.
Penetrating waterproofing for concrete: general performance and technical characteristics
Such a material may be coated or have a liquid consistency. Depending on this, the method of application is selected. Before starting work, you should understand what features each of these types has.
Liquid penetrating waterproofing for concrete and its features
Such material is sold in finished form. By consistency, it can be compared with PVA glue. The composition is applied quite simply - for this they use brushes, rollers or even sprayers, but there is one caveat: it is rather difficult to distribute such material evenly over the entire surface. In addition, the applied layer requires a separate protection.
Coating penetrating waterproofing and its advantages over liquid
The action of the coating mixture is similar to liquid impregnation, however, it does not penetrate so deeply. But if all the work was done correctly, the protection against water will be maximum. The advantage of such a composition is its high adhesion and elasticity, which allows protection from moisture penetration and subsequently, when new cracks appear in. If you talk about which penetrating waterproofing is better, then the use of coating insulating material would be a better choice.
Pros and cons of using such insulating materials
Like any other material, penetrating waterproofing for concrete has both positive and negative qualities. Now let's try to understand them. For the convenience of the reader, consider the qualities of the composition in tabular form.
| Advantages | Flaws |
| The composition can be applied from the inside, moreover, even on a damp surface, which allows its use in a long-used room. | It makes no sense to process walls made of, or foam concrete. In a brick wall there will be no opportunity for the necessary chemical reaction to pass, and the foam block is too porous - the composition will not be able to fill all the cavities. |
| The service life of the treated surface is increased significantly. | |
| The purpose of the building is irrelevant. | Preparatory work before applying such compounds is very difficult. |
| The period of work is significantly reduced due to the absence of the need to use bicrost, as is the case with bituminous mastic. | |
| The material is environmentally friendly, resistant to external influences (both chemical and mechanical) and protects reinforced concrete structures from corrosion. | The price of penetrating waterproofing for concrete is very high. If the building has a large area, the costs will be quite significant. |
| The composition can be used at almost any temperature. |
Comparing the advantages and disadvantages, it can be noted that if the basement of the house is made of concrete, and the building has been built for more than a year, then the use of penetrating mixtures will not even be optimal, but the only right solution for a home master.
The consequences of poor waterproofing of concrete structures can be very deplorable, up to the collapse of the structure:
Leading manufacturers of deep penetration waterproofing for concrete offering products in Russia
There are a lot of manufacturers of such material, while there is no particular difference in the quality of the products of various companies, and word of mouth ensures their fame. One of the masters successfully used a certain brand, told a friend, and so on. Among consumers, the most popular are:
- "Penetron";
- "Lakhta";
- "Kalmatron";
- "Peneplug";
- "Penecrete";
- "Hydrotex".
Of course, the composition of each manufacturer has its own characteristics, but they are not global. The main components of such waterproofing are sand and special additives.
Which mixture can be called the best penetrating waterproofing for concrete
Definitely nothing can be said about this - the composition is selected based on the characteristics of the base, the necessary measures taken to prepare it, and the priority method of application. Therefore, for each specific case, you should choose certain compositions, the characteristics of which are indicated on the packaging.
The use of a dry waterproofing mixture on the example of a capillary penetrating composition of the brand "Penetron"
The compositions of this brand are quite diverse. We will give general examples so that the Dear Reader can more clearly understand how to use them and what it is - the Penetron mixture.
Average consumption of Penetron waterproofing per 1 m²
Consumption depends on how smooth the surface will be processed and the composition of the mixture itself. On average, about 0.9-0.95 kg of waterproofing compound per 1 m² is required. If there are significant irregularities, the consumption will naturally increase. If you use the Penetron Admix additive, the consumption per 1 m³ will be about 4 kg.
How to prepare a penetrating waterproofing for concrete "Penetron"
The preparation of the mixture is practically not difficult. The main thing here is to follow the instructions for preparing the Penetron waterproofing.
The algorithm of work is approximately as follows. First, the amount of the mixture necessary to process a certain area is kneaded at the rate of 1 part of water to two parts of Penetron. Do not immediately knead a large volume - the mixture must be used within half an hour. The composition is thoroughly mixed with a mixer and applied to the prepared surface.
Good to know! In the presence of significant cracks, the composition "Penetron Penekrit" is added to the mixture (instructions for use are on the package).
Comparison of prices for penetrating waterproofing "Penetron" and other brands of compounds
Compared to other mixtures, the cost of "Penetron" is slightly lower. For example, the price of the composition "Osmosil" 25 kg is from 4000 rubles. up to 4500 rubles, while the same amount of "Penetron" will cost 3100 rubles. The same goes for most other brands.
On average, the cost of different brands of compounds for penetrating concrete waterproofing is similar - there are only small differences.
Waterproofing is one of the best ways to protect foundations from the harmful effects of groundwater. Moisture can destroy not only classic brick or rubble masonry, because of its chemical properties, water also destroys durable concrete over time, destroys the reinforcing cage of the base. It is necessary to select waterproofing taking into account the peculiarities of the climate of the region and the type of foundation.
The main types of foundation waterproofing
Three main types of coatings can protect the foundation from moisture:
- Coating. These are special waterproof coatings that create a waterproofing layer no more than 3 mm thick. They are made from bitumen (solid or resinous product) with the addition of polymer resins and essential oils, rigid and elastic polymer-cement compositions. The main purpose is to prevent capillary penetration of moisture into the concrete structure, applied with a spatula or roller. In some cases, when the coating waterproofing is supplied in the form of a suspension, it is applied by spraying.
- Foundation waterproofing is a built-up layer. This group of products includes roofing felt, various kinds of penetrating membranes and bitumen polymers. The peculiarity is that they are all made on the basis of bitumen, therefore, for better pasting, the materials need to be heated. For the price, the waterproofing of the foundation is cheap, its disadvantage is a possible violation of tightness and the penetration of moisture through the joints.
- Penetrating waterproofing, its second name is plaster. These are materials that are produced on the basis of cement with the addition of various composite compositions and are applied to the surface in the form of a solution. In most cases, these are powders. They are sold in bags, before use they must be diluted in water and applied with a spatula like ordinary gypsum. The average coating thickness is 5-15 mm, it copes well with capillary moisture, but is not very resistant to mechanical damage, and cracks appear on the coating over time.
The choice of this type of waterproofing is quite large, almost all of them are made on a mineral basis, therefore they are environmentally friendly.
Penetrating waterproofing - principle of operation
Concrete is a porous material, inside of which there are specific micro-channels through which moisture can penetrate inside. It is possible to close such micro-channels only by external high-quality processing. Moisture, getting into the middle of the concrete foundation, after freezing, expands to significant volumes and destroys the concrete from the inside. It gradually destroys the internal structure of concrete and slowly gets to the reinforcing cage. If metal corrosion begins, it is almost impossible to stop it, and in a few years the destruction of the foundation will begin.
Fused waterproofing is not suitable for all types of foundations. It is often used as an outer protective layer for other insulations.
Modern types of gluing or coating materials are not resistant to mechanical stress and cover only the outer surface of the foundation, practically without penetrating into the pores.
Penetrating waterproofing, in turn, due to the formed crystals of water-insoluble mineral salts, gets inside the pores and clogs them, protecting the integrity of the concrete. Crystals are able to fill even the smallest porous channels and water infiltration no longer occurs due to the increased surface tension of the water surface. That is why the choice of penetrating waterproofing is justified.
Penetrating waterproofing is a mineral mixture based on cement with the addition of synthetic polymeric materials and resins. They are applied to a cold, damp surface, the crystals will grow almost continuously, so even after mechanical damage to the coating, the waterproofing will quickly recover. This type of protective coating copes well with seasonal temperature changes. Note that this is an environmentally friendly material that can be used both outside and inside the premises. Some slurries can be spray applied, but they are expensive and are used more when treating large concrete surfaces.
Types and purpose of the protective layer of the base
According to its composition and purpose, penetrating waterproofing of the foundation is divided into types:
- An aqueous solution that is applied with a brush or spray gun. It is used mainly on new surfaces that do not have visible damage and large cracks.
- Dry mix, it must first be diluted with water to a paste consistency. It is applied with a spatula, used for repair and restoration waterproofing works, it can also be used as a primary layer before installing roofing material.
- Seam waterproofing. This cement mixture is used exclusively for tightening joints and cracks.
In the market of waterproofing materials, liquid mixtures are considered the best, they perfectly cover the porous surface of the concrete base and penetrate to a depth of half a meter. Liquid penetrating waterproofing of the foundation is resistant to atmospheric and mechanical influences, it does not dissolve in acids, alkalis and it is almost impossible to destroy it. After processing a wet surface, a strong crystallization layer is formed, which tends to recover.
Application is carried out in four stages:
- The surface of the foundation must first be cleaned of dust, grease and old bitumen. Then treat the concrete under pressure with water so that it penetrates into the depths of the pores. The protruding parts of the reinforcement should be cleaned of rust and treated with anti-corrosion compounds.
- Mix the composition with water until a suspension of medium density is reached.
- Apply the composition in two layers on the concrete surface, the interval between applications should be at least 6 hours.
- Before applying the second layer, it is recommended to clean the first with a brush to ensure the penetration of the next layer of waterproofing.
If it is necessary to restore the waterproofing layer of the destroyed foundation with a liquid composition, then the mixture is diluted to a thick paste-like mass and applied with a spatula. It is possible to apply decorative coatings over waterproofing only after a month.
Foundation repair with penetrating waterproofing
The essence of the method lies in the fact that some special mixtures tend to quickly harden under the influence of water, forming a solid concrete plug in places where the base is deformed:
- A crack or seam must first be expanded, deepened and cleaned of dust and foreign objects.
- Then prepare a thick paste, mold it into a plug in the form of a hole in the concrete. All work must be carried out as quickly as possible, since the mixture dries quickly enough.
- Install the plug in the gully, clamp it with your hands or improvised heavy materials for a few minutes. This time will be enough to start active crystallization, the mixture can heat up significantly during this time.
The surface of the ravine is leveled with a composition and treated with a liquid penetrating waterproofing.
Advantages and disadvantages
This is the best tool to protect the foundation from moisture in porous micro-channels:
- It is possible to form a deep waterproofing layer.
- It is one of the few waterproofing materials that can be successfully applied to the treatment of indoor living spaces, since the waterproofing does not form volatile substances hazardous to health.
- Can be applied to wet surfaces regardless of the direction of groundwater movement.
The disadvantages include:
- Provides protection of porous micro-channels from moisture only in concrete structures, not suitable for processing brick and rubble foundations.
- Penetrating waterproofing can only be used on crack-resistant concrete foundations.
- Cannot be used for waterproofing structures made of porous materials.
- Cannot be applied to prefabricated strip foundations due to the presence of too large joints between the blocks.
In addition to dry mixes, which are then diluted with water, for greater efficiency, it is also desirable to use pasted waterproofing. Then both layers of material will provide maximum reliability and protection against moisture. Some types of waterproofing are also added to the concrete before it is prepared and poured. This results in a material that is resistant to moisture, mechanically strong and inert to contaminated water. When applying penetrating waterproofing, you must remember the safety rules, work with rubber gloves and goggles.
Waterproofing helps to resist prolonged exposure to moisture, which becomes a barrier to water seepage into the pores of concrete. The use of a penetrating composition makes it possible to make a confident sealing of a layer up to 15 cm thick. Some manufacturers claim the mixture passes into the surface up to 0.6 m. The frost resistance grade increases by 2-3 steps.
The difference between penetrating waterproofing and rolled or coating coatings is that when applied, the components seep through moisture-filled pores to a considerable depth and crystallize. The resulting protection works for the entire service life of the structure, and can only be destroyed together with the base material. The hardened layer will not let water through, but will remain vapor-permeable.
Penetrating insulation involves the use to protect concrete, reinforced concrete structures and cement plaster. It cannot be chosen for large-porous products: asbestos-cement slabs, foam and expanded clay concrete blocks.
The composition of dry penetrating waterproofing includes the following components:
- Portland cement;
- finely ground quartz or silicate sand (screening out a given granulometric fraction);
- active polymer additives.
Manufacturers try not to disclose the full names of active chemical additives and indicate in the passport only the main properties that affect compatibility with other materials. In addition to Ceresit and Knauf, they have proven themselves well:
- carat;
- Penetron (Penetron);
- Vandex;
- Hydrotex;
- Xypex,
- masterseal;
- Kalmatron;
- Lakhta.
The products are produced both in ready-to-use form and in the form of concentrates, dry mixes that require preliminary dilution with water. Packaged liquid waterproofing can be an aqueous suspension (canister), thicker mastic (closed bucket). Application to the concrete floor is done with a brush or paint roller. The surface must be thoroughly moistened with water so that the protection can penetrate to the maximum depth.
Improving the efficiency of waterproofing works occurs through the use of auxiliary products for a narrower purpose. Sealing of cracks and chips with a size of more than 0.3 mm, protection of joints, seams, passages of technological communications of prefabricated structures is done with a solution with special characteristics from the line of the same manufacturer. Such dry mixes have a similar composition based on Portland cement, but when solidified in cavities, they do not shrink or increase in volume, they form an array with increased strength. The use of such a type as a waterproofing seal is permissible with the direct flow of water from the destroyed area.
Obligatory characteristics of penetrating capillary waterproofing include obtaining good adhesion of the treated base and increasing the surface resistance to mechanical stress.
Brands of mixtures for concrete insulation
Penetrating materials are applied as a liquid waterproofing, but for long-term storage, ease of transportation and application in the right amount, they are often released in a dry form.
Selected for isolation:
- foundations;
- all types of concrete structures;
- brick inserts in self-leveling or prefabricated reinforced concrete structures;
- basement walls from groundwater ingress;
- ceilings and floors;
- pools, wells, reservoirs with drinking water;
- cement plaster.
WDM SM-Extra is a penetrating waterproofing coating for concrete with water stopping functions (W16). At the same time, the chemical resistance of the surface is increased, and additional protection against washing out of other polymeric additives that improve performance appears.
Consumption - 1.5 kg / m² with a layer thickness of 1 mm. When performing insulation, apply with a spatula or palm a layer of 2-3 mm. For leveling, use a brush dipped in water. The temperature of the surface and ambient air must be between +5 and +35°C. The used floor is cleaned of dirt and dust, abundantly moistened and maintained in this state for 5-7 days.
2. CT throne-1.
For waterproofing the floor on the ground in a private house located in the zone of frequent groundwater flooding, it is great to buy a dry mix, the use of which is provided in the form of coating and injections. The protection obtained is resistant to man-caused pressure of liquid aggressive media and gases. Concrete becomes immune to sea water, the effects of carbonization and de-icing salts, vapor permeability is maintained.
Consumption with a thickness of 1 mm is normally 1.2 kg/m². The minimum allowable is 1 kg, recommended by the manufacturer is 1.6. For 1 pass, no more than 0.8 kg should be applied. Frost resistance of concrete increases by F200-F300 (depending on its quality). KT tron-1 crystals can penetrate in a liquid medium to a depth of up to 0.6 m. Concrete treated with penetrating waterproofing withstands constant exposure to +1,200°C.
3. Penetron.
High-quality waterproofing of the floor in the basement is made by the penetrating composition of this line. No specific site preparation is required. In the dissolved state, the finished liquid mixture can be applied to a wet or dry surface. This saves time and costs for drying/wetting the base.
In an individual household, they choose for the following reasons:
- applicable to all grades of concrete;
- forms a strong coupling with reinforcing parts;
- environmentally safe when in contact with drinking water.
4. VODIPREN COMPOUND.
This is an example of a bitumen-latex emulsion with the addition of synthetic resins. It is sprayed simultaneously with the catalyst by a special airless spraying unit. Possesses high degree of adhesion, is operated at -25 and +100 °C. Polymer rubber withstands impact and stretching up to 5000%. The advantage is versatility - it can be used on surfaces assembled from different materials (concrete, brick, wood, metal, plastic, glass). Can be painted and does not form seams, carrying out a complete sealing of the base.
To protect against moisture, liquid glass (sodium) GOST 13078-81 is taken as an additive, more about it in. It is chosen when bituminous coating is not possible both for covering the base and for adding to fresh mortar. It is valued for the low cost of the material and good characteristics of the strength of the resulting surface, antibacterial properties. But liquid glass is not used on its own, only as an additive. Re-treatment occurs at least after 5 years.
6. Penecrete.
To seal the seams from the inside, mixtures (dry) Penekrit are produced, which are used in combination with Penetron. They are water resistant W14 at a flow rate of 1.5 kg/m.p.
7. Hydrotex-Sh.
It has a frost resistance of 200 cycles and a consumption of 0.9-1.0 kg/m.p.
Materials for penetrating protection should be purchased based on the following fundamental points:
- Availability of application technology, requirements for surface preparation.
- Compliance with the maximum permissible indicators of operating conditions (temperature conditions, expected loads, aggressiveness of the environment).
- Estimated service life. Concrete structures are designed, as a rule, for decades - the high price of protection will pay off many times over by the absence of the need for repair and restoration work.
- Compatibility with other materials and their components. All penetrating compounds (basic and additional) must be taken from the same line to guarantee the quality of the result. When choosing a penetrating impregnation, it is better to take into account the brand of plasticizers in concrete and the chemistry of the environment of the intended finish coating.
- Useful life. The rapid setting of the solution (for example, liquid glass) requires the skills of work and calculation of the preparation of portions of the mixture for a one-time production. The alternative is to increase the number of workers.
- Shelf life of dry packaging before the start of work.
The foundation is one of the most important elements in the construction of buildings, and its protection from moisture and groundwater seepage is sometimes crucial. It is equally important to protect the base from moisture when laying various floor coverings. For these purposes, the use of penetrating waterproofing is most effective. These are mixtures of special cement and additives that, upon contact with concrete, seep through the smallest pores and cracks, fill voids and crystallize upon contact with water. When using these mixtures, the concrete base becomes waterproof and acquires additional frost-resistant qualities.
Application area
Due to their versatility, waterproofing mixes for concrete are used in many areas of construction:
- when laying the foundation;
- to protect basements from moisture;
- for additional protection and strengthening of brickwork;
- for waterproofing floors and walls in bathrooms and kitchens;
- in the construction of swimming pools and garden ornamental ponds;
- when processing the base for self-leveling floors or other floor coverings.
Due to the possibility of using compositions not only during the construction of facilities, but also in ready-made premises, waterproofing materials of penetrating action are widely used in the field of repair work. Mixtures are also successfully used for the construction of monumental reinforced concrete structures, such as dams, bridge supports, and others, as well as for their restoration.
Advantages
Although the conventional use of rolled materials for moisture protection is more common, they are not as effective as penetrating waterproofing for concrete, because they have a limited effect and are not able to penetrate into the thickness of the concrete block. Also, in the case of constant contact with water, rolled mastic materials are deformed and destroyed, while waterproofing with a solution only strengthens the concrete walls of pools and wells.
The main positive qualities of mixtures for waterproofing concrete:
- ensuring reliable water tightness of the treated area;
- protection against the penetration of fungus, mold and toxic substances;
- suitable for use in contact with sea water, sewage;
- giving additional strength and resistance to temperature extremes;
- penetration of the mixture throughout the entire thickness of the concrete layer;
- ease of preparation and application;
- the possibility of performing work in small selective places, also in hard-to-reach areas;
- environmental safety, harmlessness to human health, non-toxicity;
- the ability to use both for internal and external works;
- the possibility of application regardless of the degree of completion of construction, as well as for repair and restoration work;
- reducing the time of work - the surface does not have to be thoroughly dried for several days, as is the case with other waterproofing methods.
As a result of the interaction of the composition of the mixture with concrete, it becomes an integral part of it and therefore the service life of such waterproofing is as long as that of the structure itself. The properties of the mixture make it convenient to add it directly to the concrete at the pouring stage, providing the highest quality insulation and strengthening the resulting concrete block.
Flaws
The main disadvantage of penetrating waterproofing is its price - the cost of materials and work remains quite high, although it pays off with a quality result. You also need to take into account the following negative points:
- the composition is not always effective in places of rough joints and cracks, in these cases additional protection is required;
- rather complex surface preparation, designed to ensure high-quality material seepage inside the block;
- not all base materials are suitable for processing - for example, foam concrete has too large pores that the mixture cannot fill with sufficient quality;
- the rapid setting of the mortar forces it to be used in small quantities, which makes it difficult to prepare for work.
Despite a number of difficulties, mixtures for waterproofing concrete and masonry are unmatched on the modern market of materials for construction and repair.
Popular manufacturers
Materials for concrete waterproofing have begun to gain wide popularity in our country only in recent years, but some manufacturers have managed to earn respect for the high level of quality of their products. For the correct selection, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the place of work - the degree of wear, surface damage, the purpose is also important - the mixture is used as the main insulation, or to protect the joints, as a preventive protection.
Penetron
A mixture based on cement and quartz sand with the addition of active chemical compounds. Has the following characteristics:
- It is used for concrete and reinforced concrete structures (foundations, wells, cellars).
- Suitable for both prefabricated and monolithic structures.
- Provides the best efficiency when working with concrete grades from M100 with a uniform surface that does not have cracks larger than 0.4 mm.
- Not suitable for masonry and foam concrete.
- Before processing, a thorough cleaning of the surface from dirt, paint and plaster is required.
- Apply with a sprayer or brush.
The solution is mixed in the ratio of mixture and water 2:1, it is recommended to apply in two layers. With this application, the material consumption will be approximately 0.8 kg per 1 sq.m.
Crystallisol
A mixture based on cement, river sand and special chemical compounds, causing active crystal growth in concrete cells as a result of interaction with calcium salts. Composition properties:
- Versatility - suitable for all types of surfaces in contact with water.
- It has a line of compounds designed for surfaces of various types.
- Russian production, low price compared to foreign counterparts.
- High resistance to aggressive media, does not wash out.
- Resistant to large temperature changes.
Consumption is from 0.8 kg per square meter, depending on the degree of deterioration of the base, an increase in consumption is possible.
Lakhta
Dry compositions for construction works of Russian production. A line has been developed to perform various tasks and types of work, including restoration in case of severe wear.
- Base of Portland cement with the addition of quartz sand and chemical additives.
- Wide range of applications, highly effective protection of residential and industrial buildings.
- Suitable for permanent contact with water, for example, when processing a pool bowl, well walls.
- Increases the compressive strength of concrete.
- The base should not have cracks of more than 0.3 mm.
- Consumption, depending on the type of mixture, is on average 1-1.2 kg per square meter.
A big advantage is the variety of compositions - it is easy to choose a mixture for coating, plastering, seam processing. There are compositions for adding to concrete during mixing, and for treating the prepared surface.
Material Specifications | Indicators | |
| 3/1 | 2/1 | |
Elasticizer consumption, l/kg of dry mixture | 0,33 | 0,5 |
Consumption of the mortar mixture with a layer thickness of 2 mm, kg / m 2 | 3,2 | 3,2 |
Solution pot life, min | 40 | 40 |
Tensile strength, MPa Reinforced with propylene fabric | 1,3 16 | 1,2 16 |
Elongation at break, % | 30 | 50 |
Flexibility temperature on a bar with a diameter of 10 mm, °С | –25 | –35 |
Increase in water resistance on concrete samples at positive water pressure (on clamp), atm | 12 | 12 |
Adhesion strength, MPa With concrete with metal | 1,5 1,0 | 2,0 1,0 |
Ability to cover cracks, mm The Russian brand, which is very popular due to its low cost and a wide range of tasks.
This composition is recommended to be added to concrete at the mixing stage. When used on a finished surface, it must be very well dampened in order for the mortar to penetrate deeper. Due to the properties of the mixture, the resulting impregnation provides a reliable anti-corrosion layer. In case of damage or chipping, the surface remains protected from moisture to the level of penetration of the waterproofing. KT Tron
Another domestic manufacturer with a wide range of compositions presented.
The material consumption is not less than 1 kg per square meter, the resulting impregnation has a very high strength, is suitable for various climatic zones, and is resistant to ultraviolet radiation. A wide range of manufacturers and products at affordable prices makes it possible to choose a material for any task. | ||
