Honeysuckle evergreen drowsiness planting and care. Curly honeysuckle is a decorative vine for your garden. Varieties and types
Honeysuckle is known to many gardeners as a fruit and berry crop for growing in the garden. However, in this genus of plants there are also decorative varieties, for example, climbing honeysuckle. It is suitable for landscaping the walls of buildings, arches and various supports. Even with minimal care, this vine grows quickly and is able to bloom profusely for a long time. In the article I will tell you the basic rules for planting and growing climbing honeysuckle in the open field.
Curly (German) honeysuckle is a liana-like shrub of the Honeysuckle family. In its natural environment, it is found in the forests of Western and Central Europe, some varieties grow in Africa and Asia. It does not form edible berries, it is grown for decorating the territory.
Externally, the plant is represented by a deciduous shrub up to 6 m high. Petiolate leaves can grow up to 10 cm in length, arranged in opposite order. Depending on the variety, they may have a lanceolate or oval shape. The upper side of the plates is painted in a dark green color, and the lower side is gray-gray. The petals are yellow-red in color, can reach 5 cm in length. During the entire flowering period from May to June, they exude a pleasant aroma. The fruit is an inedible red berry.
Kinds
Curly honeysuckle is a separate type of this culture. It is often confused with other vine-like forms of the genus. For landscaping vertical surfaces, the following varieties are suitable:
- honeysuckle. Outwardly, it resembles curly honeysuckle. Translated from Latin, the name means "goat leaf", as these animals love to eat parts of the plant. Shoots can reach 6 m in height, the shrub is unpretentious in care and tolerates shaping well;
- Honeysuckle Brown. Garden hybrid, represented by a deciduous vine with bright orange-colored flowers. The maximum length of the shoots is 5 m. The plant is sensitive to external conditions, requires painstaking care;
- Serotina. Deciduous liana-like shrub growing 4-5 m in height. Flowering earlier and longer. The flowers are collected in capitate inflorescences of 25-30 pieces. Pruning required.
Over the years of cultivation of decorative honeysuckle, many varieties and hybrids have been bred. When choosing a particular variety of crop, climate and disease resistance, appearance, and care requirements should be taken into account.
Application in landscape design
Curly honeysuckle is grown as an ornamental plant. Due to the ability to grow in height, it is planted for landscaping walls and arches. Liana rises to a height of at least 3 meters, regular pruning is required to maintain a beautiful appearance.
The flower is also planted in a group single-species planting, since the plant has a short growing season, it is difficult to combine it with other vines. To increase the volume of green mass, some gardeners grow honeysuckle next to other climbing crops, such as hops or girlish grapes.
Site selection
For landing, it is desirable to choose a well-lit place with protection from the wind. With regular dimming, the growth and development of the shrub slows down, the flowers form small and inconspicuous. Honeysuckle prefers drained and fertile soil with moderate moisture. The substrate should be neutral or slightly acidic in the range of 5.5 to 6.5 pH.
To preserve moisture and heat in the soil, it is recommended to carry out abundant mulching or plant undersized ornamental plants (geuchera, hosta, geranium or cuff). To achieve the growth of the vine in height, it is necessary to have a support. It can be a wall of a building, a gazebo, an arch or any other vertically located surface.
Landing Rules
Decorative varieties of honeysuckle are planted with grown seedlings. They should be purchased in specialized stores or nurseries. It is desirable that the root system of the planting material is in a closed container. Landing is carried out from the second half of April in warm regions, in the northern regions it is advisable to wait until mid-May. It is desirable that the air and soil warm up to 10-14 ° C by this time, there should be no threat of night frosts.
Soil preparation and seedlings
To enhance the growth of the plant and achieve abundant flowering, in early spring the planting site should be dug up to the depth of a shovel bayonet. Fertilize it with complex mineral fertilizer, for example, nitroammophos at the rate of 30 g / m 2. It is recommended to add wood ash to the soil to prevent fungal infections.
Landing technology
The day before the procedure, the seedling container should be removed, the roots should be soaked in clean water or a growth stimulator solution for 6-8 hours. Step by step landing algorithm:
- Dig individual holes with a depth of 30 to 45 cm. The interval between plants is 1.5-2 m. When growing a shrub as a hedge, the distance is reduced to 1 m.
- Lay drainage at the bottom (broken brick, expanded clay or pebbles), as well as humus up to 5 cm thick.
- Place the seedling in the center of the hole, straighten the adventitious roots. Cover with a layer of fertile soil. The root neck should be flush with the surface.
- Tamp the soil in the near-stem area. Water the plant abundantly and mulch the soil with sawdust, straw, peat or wood chips.
After planting, you need to install a support next to the plant, so that already young shoots begin to wrap around, grow in a vertical direction. The first feeding is carried out a month after planting.
Features of care
Decorative honeysuckle quickly adapts to external conditions and demonstrates active growth. Flowering is possible only in the second year after planting. The plant is undemanding to care, it is enough to follow a number of simple procedures:
- watering should be regular and moderate, prolonged drying of the soil and stagnant water should not be allowed. In dry weather, it is additionally recommended to spray the leaves to preserve their decorative effect;
- during the first year of growth, it is important to regularly loosen the area around the trunk circle, combining the procedure with weeding. This allows you to accelerate the development of the root system, which favorably affects the appearance of the shrub;
- decorative shaping should be carried out throughout the summer. In spring and autumn, all old and damaged shoots are cut off, as well as parts of the bush with signs of the disease;
- for the winter, the shrub should be abundantly mulched with peat, humus or sawdust with a layer of 8 cm or more. In cold regions, it is recommended to additionally cover the lower young branches with spruce branches or straw.
Curly honeysuckle can grow in one place for more than 10 years. Transplantation is required to rejuvenate the bush, as well as slowing growth or lack of flowering. It is advisable to carry out the procedure only in the fall, so that in the spring the plant enters the growing season. To do this, complete pruning is carried out, leaving 10-15 cm above the soil surface. Then the honeysuckle is carefully dug up and transferred to a permanent place.
Reproduction methods
In practice, only vegetative propagation methods are used. Planting honeysuckle with seeds is practiced only to obtain new varieties, as this is a long and laborious process that does not always lead to a positive result. Basic breeding methods:
- layering. The mother plant is a shrub over 2 years old. Work should be carried out in the spring or early June. To do this, choose a powerful annual shoot, which is placed in the ground in a previously dug furrow with a depth of 3 to 5 cm. After that, it must be firmly fixed and covered with earth. The rooting process takes up to 2 months, but it is advisable to transfer the layering only closer to autumn;
- cuttings. The most popular way to obtain daughter plants. As planting material, annual shoots 15-20 cm long and 6 mm thick are used. Rooting is recommended to be carried out in water or a moist nutrient substrate, young roots appear in a month. Propagation by cuttings can be carried out throughout the summer.
The choice of breeding method depends on the skills and characteristics of the mother shrub. For beginner gardeners, it is recommended to use cuttings only.
Diseases and pests
All cultivars of climbing honeysuckle have strong immunity, are rarely infected with diseases and pests. A young plant is especially susceptible to damage, so in the first year you need to monitor the appearance of the stem and leaves.
Fungal infections, such as powdery mildew, cause the greatest harm to honeysuckle. The provoking factor is hot and humid weather, as well as non-compliance with the rules of care. The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of white spots on the vegetative parts of the bush, which gradually grow and acquire a brownish tint. For treatment, only chemical preparations with a high copper content are used.
conclusions
- Curly honeysuckle is an ornamental deciduous shrub in the form of a liana. Shoots can grow up to 6 m in length.
- For growing, you should choose a place next to a vertical support so that the plant can cling to the shoots.
- Planting seedlings is carried out in the spring after the end of frost. The distance between plants is 1-2 m.
- The shrub is unpretentious in care. It is enough to carry out moderate care, loosening, and also cut the shoots at least twice a summer.
Curly honeysuckle attracts gardeners with its plasticity. By making timely pruning and garter bushes, you can decorate a fence, gazebo, pergola or other garden structure with these vines.
Curly decorative honeysuckle will allow you to disguise an unsightly wall of a structure: a barn, a bathhouse, or hide a country toilet under liana-like bushes. In general, the use of these vines in the garden is limited only by the imagination of its owner.
You won’t immediately understand which side the vine has roots on, and where the top is. This property of these plants is widely used in landscape design.
Species diversity
Currently, there are more than two hundred and fifty varieties and forms of climbing honeysuckle. In order to cover this variety, a thick illustrated reference book is required. We will try to talk about some of the most popular representatives of this extensive line of plants.
honeysuckle
Fragrant honeysuckle, or honeysuckle, lat. Lonicera caprifolium is a perennial deciduous vine that, with proper care, can grow up to six meters in length. This type of plant is the most popular in our gardens, it was with him that many gardeners began to be fond of ornamental varieties of honeysuckle.
During the season, this vine is able to give a two-meter increase and calmly wrap around a pergola or climb high up the wall of a gazebo or country house. Honeysuckle is frost-resistant, only the very tips of the shoots are subject to freezing.
Oddly enough, a warm winter can harm this honeysuckle more than a cold one. Frequent thaws cause swelling of the kidneys, which can die after the onset of frost. But even honeysuckle that has frozen under such conditions is able to be reborn from root buds that give offspring.
Honeysuckle blooms in early summer with bright flowers for 15-20 days. The outer part of the buds is colored orange-red tones and white-yellow inside.
But even after flowering, the curly honeysuckle of the honeysuckle species continues to delight with its decorative effect. Greenish at first, the berries gradually turn red, and a rather picturesque picture appears before our eyes.
honeysuckle german
Honeysuckle German, lat. Lonicera periclymenum, similar to the previous species, but differs in the color variety of buds: from white to purple. Flowering in this species is longer and sometimes lasts until September. The fruits of German honeysuckle are dark red.
Attention! Berries of decorative curly honeysuckle are inedible!
German honeysuckle flowers Brown
Honeysuckle Brown, lat. Lonicera brownie, is distinguished by the carrot color of its buds, which appear twice a season: first in June-July, again in August. Preferring sunny areas without drafts, this variety tolerates winters well, and if it freezes a little, it quickly recovers.
Henry
This honeysuckle, lat. Lonicera henryi, refers to semi-evergreen species, that is, it does not completely shed its leaves for the winter, and some of them remain on the bush. In growth, it is significantly inferior to other forms, barely reaching two and a half meters. She has brown-red tubular buds that emit an amazing aroma in mid-July. Decorative and black berries, ripening by September.
Curly honeysuckle Henry hekrotta
This hybrid of American and evergreen honeysuckle, lat. Lonicera heckrottii, almost does not bear fruit. But Hekrotta can bloom for almost four months - from mid-June to October. Bud colors: yellow, cream, orange-pink. The length of the vine grows up to four meters.
Primorskaya
Honeysuckle seaside or Serotina, lat. Lonicera serotina, practically repeats the popular honeysuckle in everything, only its flowers are brighter, and the vine itself looks more compact, although it stretches almost five meters in length.
Maritime honeysuckle - Serotina Gerald
Honeysuckle Gerald, lat. Lonicera giraldii, unlike other species, is evergreen. Its leaves remain on the vine all winter. In the most severe frosts, they curl into a tube, but continue to hang on the branches, decorating your garden with greenery.
In spring, old leaves fall off under the pressure of fresh buds. Flowering aroma is comparable to the smell of mock orange jasmine, and the color of the buds changes from white to lemon yellow.
Belgica select
Curly Belgica Select blooms twice during the season. The first line of buds begins to bloom in May on last year's shoots, the second - from the beginning of July on this year's growth. Liana reaches a length of three meters with an annual meter growth. Flowers have purple hues.
Honeysuckle varieties Belgica Select Agricultural technology
reproduction
Reproduction of decorative curly honeysuckle is carried out mainly in two vegetative ways:
layering;
cuttings.
In order to get a seedling in the first way, in early spring, after the snow melts and the soil thaws, a well-developed branch is selected at the bottom of the plant and bent to the ground, after which it is pinned with a wire clip or simply pressed with a piece of board or stone. During the season, roots form at the point of contact between the branch and the soil, after which the seedling can be separated and transplanted to a permanent place in the fall or spring of next year.
Honeysuckle cuttings are carried out in mid-July. At the same time, cuttings are cut with two or three internodes, leaving only a couple of upper leaves on them. The chibouks prepared in this way are planted in a greenhouse or stalk.
Advice! The simplest stalk is easy to make from everyone's favorite plastic bottle by cutting off its bottom. When covering the stalk with a “one and a half” without a bottom, do not forget to unscrew the plug to let air in.
Landing
Planting curly honeysuckle and caring for it begin with the preparation of holes in a place determined by the plan. Depending on the type of plant, you need to choose a sunny or shaded place. In addition, you need to immediately decide what the vine will rely on during its growing season.
The distance between plants depends on the varietal characteristics and location in the garden: for a solid fence, planting is done tightly, for individual structures - more freely.
Cultivation of curly honeysuckle is more convenient to carry out immediately with some kind of support, this makes it easier to care for it and pruning. Pits are made measuring 50 by 50 centimeters in plan and the same size in depth. They are half filled with drainage and nutrient mixture, after which the seedlings are lowered into them and the remaining nutrient soil is filled up to the edge of the pit and watering is carried out.
Advice! After planting, be sure to mulch the root circle and tie the young vine to the support!
Care
Curly honeysuckle care comes down to several agrotechnical measures:
top dressing;
mulching.
Pruning curly honeysuckle is carried out regularly. In the earliest spring, sanitary cutting of vines is carried out with the removal of frozen and broken branches. During the entire summer season, with the help of secateurs and garden shears, the plant is formed according to the garden design plan. Together with pruning, the curly honeysuckle is tied to the supports.
During the dry period, honeysuckle is rarely, but plentifully watered with obligatory mulching. A layer of nutritious mulch made from manure, humus or compost will, among other things, provide the plants with all the necessary nutrients and prevent the development of weeds.
For a better recovery of plants after an experienced winter, a charging spring top dressing is carried out with herbal tea mixed with chicken manure and ash.
And here is also a video about the flowering of Serotina's curly ornamental honeysuckle:
Some species of honeysuckle grow wild in forests. Their berries are not only inedible, but also poisonous. Small bushes of blue honeysuckle grow slowly, their leaves are small, but the fruits are edible. There are creepers with edible or non-poisonous berries. Their main decoration is bright bouquets of fragrant flowers of the original form. Each flower of the inflorescence resembles a butterfly. In their place, fruits are formed. They grow in pairs, and oppositely arranged leaves often grow together.
Caring for honeysuckle is easy. Some problems can cause pruning vines. The number of flower bouquets and the size of flowers depends on it.
plant description
Honeysuckle is a plant that relatively recently settled in the gardens and flower beds of Russia. So far, it has not received proper distribution. There are about 200 varieties of honeysuckle. They are slightly different in appearance. All varieties are divided into three groups:
- low trees;
- bushes;
- creepers.
Many honeysuckles with edible berries grow as a bush. Their yellow-green flowers are almost invisible among the foliage. The berries are blue, of different ripening time and size depending on the variety.
Liana, or curly honeysuckle, is often a vigorous bush, which is distinguished by fragrant beautiful flowers of an unusual shape. In the spring it is decorated with bright inflorescences. The tubular flowers that form them are monochromatic or bicolor.
ornamental honeysuckle flowers
The shape of the flower is original, 4 petals are wrapped in one direction, and the fifth - in the opposite direction. The long stamens are curved. The size of one bud can reach 5 cm. In autumn, small bright berries form in place of flowers. They are mostly inedible, but there are varieties whose fruits are eaten. In any case, they decorate the bush.
The ovate leaves of honeysuckle can be dark green or glaucous. In the sinus, they can be located from one to several (in honeysuckle).
Types of decorative honeysuckle
Description of the most common types of decorative honeysuckle:
- Honeysuckle is the most famous and common type. It has beautiful large flowers. They are bright yellow on the inside and dark pink on the outside. Blooms for about 20 days. Its tenacious lashes can hold on to any support. Easy care.
- Tatar early flowering has several subspecies and varieties. Flowers bloom in mid-May. They are white, pink, red. Fruits of different shades of red make the plant attractive. Can grow in arid regions, tolerates air pollution. Therefore, it is planted in city parks and squares.
- Serotina loves sunny places. There it grows up to 4 m. This is a late variety, it blooms from mid-summer to early autumn. The flowers are purple on the outside, creamy on the inside, very fragrant. The berries are red, inedible. The quality of the soil is undemanding.
- Brauna is prized for its beautiful bright flowers that bloom in summer. The berries are red. The disadvantage is weak frost resistance and the frequency of flowering. The bush is afraid of cold winds, so it is covered with spruce branches for the winter.
- Alpine honeysuckle is planted on rocky hills, because its height is 1.5 m. It grows in lime sandy loam. Tolerates low temperatures and shade.
- Telman is a medium-sized vine with bright yellow flowers. The leaves are bright green and long. Blooms in early summer.
- Japanese variegated has dark green leaves with light veins. The flowers are white at first, later becoming lemon and honey. The fruits are purple-black. The species is resistant to frost.
- Climbing honeysuckle has large flowers that attract bees. Not very cold hardy.
- Belgica Select is an early flowering variety with fragrant purple flowers. Repeat flowering in autumn, from July until frost.
- Graham Thomas with yellow-red fragrant flowers with a narrow tube. Blooms from June to September. In the southern regions, it is used for vertical gardening, in the northern regions as a groundcover.
- Maritime Caprilla Imperial changes color as it blooms. At first they are pink, then they turn yellow and white.
- Maak's honeysuckle reaches a height of 10 m. It is distinguished by white shoots and large leaves with cilia along the edges. The flowers are yellow, the berries are coral.
- Korolkova - the most abundantly flowering. Its advantage is resistance to diseases and pests. The species is not afraid of frost or drought.
Decorative curly honeysuckle is widely used for landscaping various areas. It is decorated with metal structures: arches, gazebos. From honeysuckle create hedges. They close the site or territory from spring to autumn.
Honeysuckle on a support
Low species are planted on alpine slides. Aromatic zones are created from varieties with a pleasant strong smell. Garden compositions are formed from cherry plum, evergreen iberis, hawthorn, hazel, honeysuckle.
Reproduction of climbing honeysuckle
It is not advisable to transplant an adult bush. It is better to root one of the many shoots, and transplant it to the right place the next year.
To root the shoot, they dig a small hole near the bush, put part of the shoot into it so that the top looks out. In order for the roots to form faster, several shallow longitudinal cuts are made at the point of contact with the ground. They are pinned with a metal clip or a fork made from a tree branch so that the wind or running animals do not pull it out of the ground. Sprinkle with earth, water and mulch. Make sure that the soil in this place is moist. In autumn or spring, a young plant is dug up and transplanted to a permanent place.
Honeysuckle can be propagated by root shoots and cuttings. The shoots are dug up, cutting off the root from the mother plant, and planted in a new place.
Cuttings propagate species that have strong vertical branches. They are difficult to tilt to the ground to make a layering. The cuttings are cut at the end of flowering so that each has 3 buds.
Propagation of honeysuckle by cuttings
The top sheet is shortened, the bottom ones are cut off. Longitudinal cuts are made on the lower part, treated with a root former, placed in a jar of water or planted in a greenhouse. It needs to maintain high humidity. They germinate for about a month. Then planted in a separate bowl. In spring or autumn, they are transplanted into the ground.
If there is no curly honeysuckle nearby and there is nowhere to take a cutting, you can grow it from seeds bought in a store. But this is quite troublesome, and their germination is low.
Planting young plants
Most honeysuckle bushes prefer to grow in a sunny location. But there are forest species that feel better in the partial shade of tall trees. Does not like honeysuckle strong winds and drafts. Under their influence, it does not disappear, but the wind can tear it off the support. Most varieties of honeysuckle do not have tenacious tendrils to hold it. But there are those who can even cling to a ledge on a rock (honeycomb). Therefore, it is desirable to fix individual branches to the support.
The soil for growing vines should be rich in organic fertilizers, neutral acidity. On 3 parts of garden soil, a part of sand and one part of humus and sand are added.
If groundwater is close to the surface of the earth or there are floods in spring and autumn, drainage should be arranged. It is made from broken bricks. Planting several bushes is carried out at a distance of at least 2 meters from each other.
Liana care
Curly honeysuckles are frost-resistant, like honeysuckle, or are afraid of frost. Spring thaws are especially dangerous for the kidneys.
The buds begin to awaken, and the frosts that come soon lead to their death. But the bush itself will not disappear after that. It grows due to dormant buds located in the lower part of the vine. Shoots that are not branches are cut off in late spring.
Formative pruning of honeysuckle is carried out in the fall. If this is not done, strong shoot growth will occur, and flowering will weaken. If you trim slightly, there will be more flowers, but their size will decrease. With heavy pruning, the flower size will increase, but the flowering period will be shorter. Shoots cut in spring will not grow this year.
Usually curly honeysuckle does not require regular watering. They are carried out only in case of severe drought.
In order for the liana to bloom profusely and regularly, it needs to be fed at a certain time. In early spring, organic fertilizers are applied under the bush. In April, they fertilize with minerals, replenishing the supply of potassium and phosphorus. You can carry out foliar top dressing with liquid fertilizers. In autumn, wood ash is poured under the bush.
Honeysuckle is damaged by pests. Among them:
- leaflets;
- smoky moths;
- honeysuckle tick.
Trichogramma, released into the garden after the threat of return frosts has passed, will help to overcome them. It is impossible to use chemical treatments after this, because the trichograms will die.
If there is no possibility or desire to use insects, they are treated with folk remedies: a solution of laundry soap, tobacco, garlic. If this does not help, insecticides are used: Fitoverm, Aktar.
The plant is affected by fungal diseases. This is powdery mildew. You can fight it by spraying Fitosporin. If the honeysuckle is sick with a viral disease, they dig it up and burn it. In addition to harmful insects, goats like the leaves of many varieties, such as honeysuckle. Therefore, the plant must be protected from the access of these pets.
Curly honeysuckle, also known as German honeysuckle, is a deciduous shrub, the maximum size of which varies from 4 to 6 m. It has an extensive habitat. Plants of this species are found in the African jungle, in the forest-steppes of Central and Northern Europe. Among gardeners, it is valued for spectacular inflorescences, the size of which reaches 5-6 cm in diameter, and active growth.
The buds of this culture consist of 8-10 elongated yellowish-red petals, bent outward. Cultivated varieties are grown in the Central and Southern regions of Russia. Due to low winter hardiness in Siberia, bushes can freeze and deform.
Curly honeysuckle has a number of advantages over other ornamental shrubs:
Among the disadvantages of this type of honeysuckle, low frost resistance is distinguished, due to which the plant freezes out at temperatures below -25 ° C, even under a thick layer of snow. Gardeners living in the northern regions of the country can acquire flowerpots. The bushes planted in them will decorate the site in the summer, and in the fall they can be sent to the veranda, wrapping them with several layers of insulation. The best option for Siberian winters will be a heated greenhouse, in which the plants will not be threatened by low temperatures and gusty winds.
Vertical varieties of honeysuckle for landscaping the site
These varieties need additional supports so that the shoots can climb to the maximum height. Without supports, a plant lying on the ground will rot and lose its decorative properties.
Popular vertical varieties:
Ground cover varieties of honeysuckle
Ground cover are undersized representatives, which, when growing, completely cover the soil. In the Honeysuckle family, the following varieties belong to the ground cover:
How and where to plant?
Climbing honeysuckle has a rhizome rod system, as a result of which it does not tolerate frequent transplants. The place must be chosen with great care, following the direction of the wind. Direct gusts of northwest winds deform delicate leaves and fragile inflorescences, so it is better to hide seedlings behind structures.
Planting and care is quite simple:
- A landing pit measuring 50 by 50 cm is prepared. Gravel and sand 10-15 cm thick are poured into the bottom, fertile soil prepared from humus, peat and 100 g of wood ash is brought on top.
- The distance between seedlings should be 2-3 m.
- After planting, the soil is compacted. The root neck should be at ground level.
- Immediately establish a suitable support.
- After compacting the near-stem circle, a little soil is poured so that the root neck does not become exposed.
If you root 2-3 shoots annually, then after 4 years it will be possible to create a curtain of greenery 3-4 m high.
A green waterfall serves as an excellent decoration for recreation areas; under its cover it will not be difficult to hide unsightly outbuildings or a dull fence.
Video about the formation of a hedge from a climbing vine.
Varieties of supports for honeysuckle
Due to the fact that creepers lose their decorative properties on the ground, they are tied up on additional supports. Summer arbors, fences, terraces can be used as a basis. Among the traditional supports, it is customary to distinguish the following types:
- structures for landscaping vertical surfaces - these are planks, guide cords, nets, attached gratings, trellises;
- garden and architectural objects - pergolas, sheds, trellises, bersos, arches;
- supports for single bushes - frames, lattices, mini-trellises.
Popular supports for curly honeysuckle are trellises, pergolas, lattice arches. The most spectacular are structures built in the form of a tower, a tunnel, a hanging garland, a long arch.
Further care and reproduction
A young plant needs abundant moisture in the soil under the bush for a month. Plantings need to be watered regularly. On areas with light soil, 1.5-2 times more water is applied than on heavy ones. In dry weather, it does not hurt to spray the foliage for 20 minutes. Water consumption rates are given in the table.
Mineral dressings are applied 2-3 years after planting. The bait complex usually includes 3 main elements: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Each of them is applied by the root method 1 time in the form of an aqueous 10% solution. Nitrogen - from May to June for green growth, phosphorus - in July for fruit ripening, potassium - at the end of August for better root growth. For the season 2-3 times you can apply complex fertilizers, such as nitrophoska. 10-20 g is enough for a bucket of water.
- Reproduction by layering
If you want to arrange a curtain from prying eyes of greenery and flowers, then you can propagate the shrub, getting several young, strong specimens for planting. To obtain layering, the lower, most robust and healthy stems of the vines are tilted to the ground. The top of the branch is cut off and treated with a root-stimulating compound, after which the layers are sent to a pre-dug hole. During the summer, it is watered, and at the first sign of rooting, it is cut off from the mother bush. After 1 month, they are transplanted to a permanent place.
If layering is required to increase the density of the hedge, then they are laid along the supports along which they will continue to curl. When young shoots grow up to 10-15 cm, they are spudded and watered abundantly (three times during the summer). Thanks to this technique, from one shoot it will be possible to obtain 20 new layers. In the spring of next year, it will be enough to cut the branch into pieces in order to get stronger seedlings that will begin to grow actively.
- Reproduction by cuttings
When harvesting cuttings, lateral young shoots of the current season with 3-4 buds are selected. Selected stems are cut to the very trunk. The cut site is treated with Kornevin, which stimulates root formation. The cuttings are placed in water for a couple of weeks, and with the advent of the first roots they are planted in open ground. Before planting honeysuckle in the soil, the hole is fertilized with nitrogenous mixtures or peat.
A suitable time for transplanting cuttings into open ground is the end of August or the beginning of autumn. Layering is best harvested in the spring, from April to May.
If the vine is excessively stretched and its length exceeds 3 m, the bush is pruned. The longest branches are shortened by ¼, and the places of cuts are treated with garden pitch. As a result, it turns out to create attractive hedges, curtains of greenery and flowers.
Honeysuckle is a shrub with erect or curly shoots, reaching a height of about 1.5-5 meters. Belongs to the honeysuckle family. Originally from Southeast Asia, where you can find many species of this plant.
The bush is compact in size. Shoots of a reddish hue beautifully braid arbors, fences, good for creating hedges. Honeysuckle can grow in one place for about 25 years. The leaves are oblong, arranged in pairs, painted green. The bush blooms and bears fruit.
It starts in May and lasts 1.5 months. Flowers of white, blue, pink, yellow color exude a pleasant aroma that attracts insects. After flowering, fruits are formed in the form of gray, yellow, red, black berries. The fruits of some varieties are edible. They taste sweet and sour with bitterness (similar to blueberries, blueberries). Fruiting occurs in the 3rd year of life. Under favorable conditions, you can collect about 1 kg of berries from a bush.
What is useful and dangerous honeysuckle
As mentioned earlier, only some varieties of honeysuckle are edible. Wolf berries - the popular name for honeysuckle with red, orange berries. In no case should they be eaten - they are poisonous.
Edible honeysuckle berries are a storehouse of useful trace elements and vitamins. They contain potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iodine, pectin and tannins, B vitamins, vitamin A, fructose, glucose, sucrose, ascorbic acid.
Berries have a diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal effect. They are used to treat cardiovascular diseases, intestinal disorders, ulcers, lichen on the skin are treated with juice. Honeysuckle has an antioxidant effect.
In folk medicine, decoctions from the roots and branches of honeysuckle, tinctures from flowers and leaves are also used. With articular rheumatism, it is recommended to take a bath from young branches of honeysuckle.
Honeysuckle is also used in cooking. From berries they make jam, jelly, jam, make juice, wine.
Everything should be in moderation. When you try honeysuckle for the first time, you should limit yourself to a few berries. Allergic reactions, indigestion are possible.
Planting and caring for honeysuckle in the garden
Selecting a landing site
It is necessary to choose a flat area under bright sunlight. Some varieties tolerate light shading, but the general principle is that in the shade there will be no abundant flowering, much less fruiting. Any soil is suitable.
How to plant
Landing should be carried out in the fall, around mid-October (you can also plant in the spring, but before the start of the growing season).
- Dig a planting hole about 40 cm deep, place about 100 g of nutrient mixture on the bottom of the hole (mix 1 bucket of humus with 100 g of double superphosphate and 30 g of sulfate).
- Keep a distance between plants of about 2 m, between rows - 3 m. Place the seedling in the hole, add earth, compact a little.
- Pour about 10 liters of water under each bush.
- Mulch the trunk circle.
How to water
Honeysuckle is a moisture-loving plant. In hot weather, water often, but not abundantly, add about 10 liters of water under each bush. With a lack of moisture, the berries can be very bitter.
How to feed
Feed regularly with organic matter (fermented grass, compost, fermented mullein or bird droppings, humus). Urea is used only in the phase of growing green mass, and this is not desirable: chemical fertilizers are harmful to the microflora and microfauna of the soil, which is why beneficial bacteria and worms disappear. It is better to spend a little more effort, but get a completely healthy site that will provide all the necessary substances for a rich and full-fledged crop that will be completely safe for health (provided that the fertilizer application rates are observed).
Before flowering, you can treat the plants with flowering stimulants, which you can find in any gardening store. In any case, if it is not possible to feed with organic matter, it is better to make liquid solutions for top dressing on the leaves: this way the plants will receive the necessary substances, and the soil will remain healthy for microorganisms.
Ornamental varieties can be regularly fed with complex fertilizers for flowering plants, about 2 times a month.
Growing honeysuckle from seeds
Young plants can be obtained by seed and vegetative methods (rhizome division, cuttings, layering).
Seeds can be sown in open ground or grow seedlings.
Sowing in open ground
- Sow outdoors in June. Dig up the soil, add compost, level it.
- “Squeeze out” the contents of the berry and deepen it into the soil by about 2 cm.
- Keep a distance between future shoots of about 10 cm.
- Cover the beds with polyethylene, once a day open for ventilation and watering from a fine spray.
- Expect seedlings to appear about 2 weeks. If the weather is rainy, it is better to protect the beds with boards.
- With the advent of seedlings, the shelter must be removed.
- Water the entire warm season, gently loosen the soil, weed from weeds. For the winter, insulate the plants with a layer of fallen leaves and cover with non-woven agricultural material. In the spring, thin out seedlings, leaving the strongest shoots.
Growing seedlings from seeds
Sowing seedlings is carried out in autumn or spring. Take a box 30 cm wide and about 15 cm deep. It is necessary to prepare a light substrate: mix humus, sand, earth in equal proportions, add half a glass of ash, bake in the oven for about 15 minutes. Moisten the soil, make shallow grooves, sow the seeds in a row in 2-3 cm increments, lightly sprinkle with earth, cover the crops with a film. Maintain humidity, periodically ventilate the crops. When sowing in autumn, you can leave the box to winter in the garden - dig it into the wheel tire and cover with spruce branches or special material. Dive the seedlings, plant them in separate pots, and plant them in open ground after 2 winters.
Reproduction of honeysuckle by layering and dividing the bush
The division of the rhizome can be carried out in autumn or early spring. This method of reproduction is suitable for plants no older than 5 years old - old bushes do not tolerate this procedure. Dig up a bush, divide it into parts with a pruner, plant the delenki.
Layering is also not a particularly troublesome method of reproduction. It is necessary to bend the lower shoot to the ground, dig in and leave until spring. Then separate the seedling from the mother bush and plant it in a permanent place of growth.
Propagation of honeysuckle by cuttings
How to root green cuttings
- From mid-May to mid-June, green cuttings are rooted: young green shoots 7-12 cm long are cut with oblique lower cuts only with a very sharp knife, and it is better to break off the shoots along with the “heel”. Cuttings are carried out in cloudy weather, immediately after flowering and the formation of green berries. The lower leaves are removed at the level that will be in the ground, and the upper ones are cut in half to reduce evaporation.
- First, the cuttings are kept in a growth stimulator for a day, then they are seated in boxes with light soil and covered with a film. The composition of the soil is sand, peat and garden soil with humus. At the bottom of the box, a drainage layer of small pebbles or expanded clay must be laid.
- You can plant the cuttings immediately separately in compact containers, covering the top with plastic bottles with cut bottoms. The main thing is to air and water in a timely manner.
- Young shoots will soon appear, but the shelter is not removed. A month and a half after the start of growth of young shoots, you can carry out the first fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate).
- If the hot season has come, the greenhouse is whitewashed, and in the greenhouse the film is changed to lutrasil. Plastic bottles are simply opened by removing the caps.
- They take care of the cuttings throughout the warm season until autumn, preventing them from overheating and drying out of the soil, as well as waterlogging during heavy rainfall.
- For the winter, the cuttings are covered with a layer of fallen leaves, and on top with lutrasil, after a snowfall, it is advisable to sprinkle with snow. New bushes are planted in a permanent place only in the fall of the next season.
Cuttings of honeysuckle at home
The described actions can be carried out at home, rooting the cuttings in a light substrate. The cuttings are planted in separate cups and covered with cut plastic bottles. Drainage should be provided, timely watering without stagnant moisture. Lighting should be good, but diffused. Suitable east and west windows. It is also necessary to open mini-greenhouses daily and ventilate. The resulting new bushes must be kept in the apartment until next autumn, and only then planted in the ground by transshipment, providing shelter for the winter.
How to root cuttings of honeysuckle in winter
The "winter" rooting option has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, a completely hassle-free way: as they say, “stuck” and forgot. On the other hand, the yield of established plants is very low. However, for horticulturalists or hobbyists who grow honeysuckle in bulk, winter cuttings are the easiest way to propagate the plant. To do this, it is necessary to prepare cuttings of annual growth, lignified, immediately after leaf fall. Each cutting must contain a minimum of 2 buds, a maximum of 5.
Prepare trenches in such a way as to place the cuttings at an angle of 45 ° and leave 1 kidney above the ground. The trenches should be somewhat deepened so that it is possible, without covering the cuttings with earth to the main surface level, to cover them with a layer of leaves of 20-30 cm, and cover them with lutrasil or spunbond from above, securely fixing it along the edges with stones or bricks.
Covered in this way, the cuttings will retain their readiness to quickly take root in early spring. As soon as it is possible to go out into the field in the spring, the cuttings are released from shelter, making sure that the soil does not dry out when warm weather sets in. Plants rooted in this way will be ready for planting in the fall in a permanent place, but will need winter shelter.
Propagation by lignified cuttings in spring
The cuttings are cut in the same way in the fall, after the leaves fall, so that each has 2-5 buds. The cuttings are wrapped in bundles in paper or burlap, moistened and buried in sand in a cool room (cellar, basement). In early spring, cuttings are also planted at an angle of 45 ° so that there is a single bud above the ground. It is desirable that the trench be slightly lower than the main ground level so that the water lingers longer after irrigation.
The best varieties of edible honeysuckle with photos and names
Kamchatka honeysuckle Nymph lonicera kamtschatica nimfa is widely known- this is a blue edible honeysuckle that does not need pruning and special care at all. It grows up to 1.5 m in height. The plant withstands frosts down to -35 ° C, prefers soils with a neutral and slightly acidic reaction. May die on highly alkaline soils. Fruits abundantly, berries have many useful properties, rich in vitamins and minerals.
Variety Fire Opal interesting for its medium-late ripening and precociousness: it begins to bear fruit already 3-4 years after planting. To get a crop, you need cross-operators: several plants nearby of different varieties. Spreading bushes are medium tall, up to 1.5 m in height. Berries from one bush can gain a total mass of up to 9 kg per season, on average, of course, about 2-4 kg without intensive growing technology.
Another variety of Kamchatka honeysuckle, bred by Canadian breeders and very popular among gardeners, is the dessert variety Borealis, which has collected a lot of positive feedback. Delicious sweet and sour berries are very fond of children: the peel of the berries is thin, and the slightly astringent taste does not spoil the overall bouquet. The variety is good because the berries do not crumble when ripe. On average, a bush produces up to 4.5 kg of berries per season. The variety is very hardy, practically not susceptible to diseases and frost-resistant, it can be grown in summer cottages of the Moscow region and the Leningrad region, in the Urals and Siberia, withstanding frosts down to -35 ° C. Pollinators of other varieties are also required.
Attractive variety of edible honeysuckle Chulymskaya, fruiting in the second decade of June. Very tasty sweet and sour tart berries do not crumble, and the fruiting is extended. Productivity up to 3.5 kg per bush. The neighborhood of the pollinator variety is also required, it is recommended to plant the Bakchar Giant variety nearby.
The video will tell more about the Chulymskaya variety:
The most popular large-fruited variety of edible honeysuckle Bakchar giant- berries ripen in medium terms. Recommended for growing in the Moscow region, central Russia, as well as other regions where the lower mark does not exceed 35 ° C frost. The length of the berries of this variety reaches 4-5 cm, the taste is very high - according to the tasting score 4.8 points. The variety is resistant to diseases and pests. As a disadvantage, ripe berries crumble a little. Perhaps this is the best honeysuckle for the Moscow region, the Leningrad region and the entire middle lane.
Other popular varieties with edible fruits:
- Vitamin;
- Duet;
- And here;
- Lydia
- Karina;
- Blue bird;
- Amphora.
Honeysuckle Tatar Lonicera tatarica
Its fruits are not edible, but are valued as an exclusively ornamental plant. It is a tall shrub (about 3 m tall), covered with dark green leaves. During the fruiting period, the bush is covered with bright red berries, but they are not edible.
Honeysuckle Brown Lonicera Brownii
Curly liana with bright red fruits, reaches a length of 5 m. It is distinguished by abundant flowering, lasting from July to September. May re-bloom in late autumn.
Honeysuckle honeysuckle Lonicera caprifolium
A popular type of honeysuckle-liana - Honeysuckle- with stunningly beautiful flowers, densely dotted over the entire area of \u200b\u200ba weaving plant. Unusual inflorescences - balls consist of flowers with petals of bright pink and pale cream shades. Other colors are also known. This vine, like all climbing plants, needs support and formative pruning (cut off all shoots that develop in an undesirable direction). The maximum size of the vine is 4-5 meters, which it reaches in about five years.
Honeysuckle is an unpretentious shrub in the care. You can plant both decorative varieties and bushes with useful berries - the choice is yours.
