Foundation for the terrace to the house
Creating a foundation for a terrace is one of the most important stages in the construction of a structure, since the reliability of the foundation depends on the safety of the entire structure. That is why it is necessary with great responsibility to approach the construction of the base of the terrace or veranda with your own hands. Before construction, it is worth deciding on the choice of the type of foundation. If the terrace is solid, it is worth choosing a solid foundation. For smaller buildings, lighter base options can be used.
Choosing the type of foundation
To determine which foundation for the terrace should be chosen, you need to determine the features of the use of the future building. For example, if a large number of people often gather in it, the base must be made more massive.
There are several types of foundation that are suitable for building a terrace:
What is needed when building a foundation
Starting construction, many forget that it is necessary to prepare certain materials and tools. To prevent this from happening, you should create a list of necessary items in advance and bring them to the construction site.
An example is a situation in which, after pouring the foundation, it must be rammed, and there is no construction vibrator on the site. The necessary tools during the creation of the base for the terrace include:
- a shovel, which will be required for excavation of the earth;
- concrete mixer;
- building vibrator, necessary for compacting the cement mixture after pouring;
- a hammer used during the creation of wooden formwork;
- welding machine;
- a hacksaw, also used for the construction of wooden formwork;
- the cord necessary to create the marking of the territory on which the creation of the terrace will take place;
- building level;
- plumb.
This list can be supplemented, as other items are often used during construction. An example is a wheelbarrow, which is necessary for the removal of land from the site. The list is replenished depending on the complexity of the construction process.
Technology for creating a foundation for a terrace
Of the existing types of bases, the most common are columnar and tape types. The technology for creating both types of foundation involves the performance of work in several stages:
- site marking, on which the foundation will be created. Before marking, it is worth creating a drawing that will indicate the exact location of the garage on the site, as well as its dimensions.
- Creation of pits or trenches. In these places, excavation is carried out to a depth of about 80 cm. The bottom of the pits is well compacted. It is worth noting that the depth of excavation of the soil should coincide with the depth of laying the foundation of the main structure.
- Creating a pillow At this stage, the bottom of the pits is covered with sand by about 20 cm.
- Fittings installation.
The distance between the installed pillars should be approximately 1.5-2.5 m. If a columnar foundation is created, the vertical position of its elements is checked using the building level.
It is worth remembering that after creating the pillars, it is necessary to apply a layer of waterproofing. This can be done by pouring bitumen. Before building the foundation for the terrace, it is necessary to study the quality of the soil layers on the site. You need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- degree of moisture content;
- soil homogeneity;
- the level of soil erosion on the site.
A terrace is a relatively simple structure that you can build with your own hands, without having experience in creating such structures. But during the creation of the foundation, it is necessary to follow the rules for constructing the foundation.
Before starting to create a foundation with your own hands, it is necessary to accurately calculate the load on the future structure so that after construction the terrace does not begin to collapse. The building must have its own expansion joint.
When creating the foundation for the terrace, it is necessary to lay it at the same depth at which the foundation of the house is located. This is necessary so that the building does not begin to move away from the house. During the creation of the roof, it must be placed as close as possible to the roof of the house.
Features of creating a tape base
If you want to create a reliable and durable foundation for your terrace, you should choose the tape type of construction. On such a foundation, you can create a fairly large structure. If desired, you can even make a room that will be used as a full-fledged room. The tape base allows you to well insulate the walls and floor.
The foundation is created as follows:
- First carried out territory marking using cords. They are stretched between the pegs. The distance between them should be about 20 cm. This will be the width of the future design.
- After this happens trenching around the entire perimeter of the future building. Excavation should be carried out to a depth at which the lower part of the base of the house is located. If the soil is sandy, it is enough to dig up to the first layer of sand. In areas where it is clayey, it will be necessary to dig to a depth of 100 to 200 cm. This indicator depends on the depth at which the soil freezes. Most often, the bases are located below one meter.
- At the next stage, there is formwork creation from wood. For this, wide boards are suitable, which should be installed above the ground. They are reinforced with pegs and struts. If this is not done, the structure will be less reliable and may deform during concrete pouring.
- Then carried out filling sand and installing a reinforced frame consisting of rods and knitting wire. It is not recommended to connect the reinforcement by welding, as corrosion may appear at the joints over time. The sand cushion should be about 15 cm thick.
- After that, the pouring of concrete begins. It is important to do this in one go, as the base becomes less strong when you create several layers.
