Complex sentence with sequential subordination. Parallel subordination of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence
Complex sentences may have not one, but several subordinate clauses.
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types:
1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause;
2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.
I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous and heterogeneous.
1. Complex sentences with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause and among themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence.
For example:
[I came to you with greetings, to tell you], (that the sun has risen), (that it fluttered with hot light across the sheets). (A. Fet.)
[That, (who lives real life), (who has been accustomed to poetry since childhood),forever believes in the life-giving, full of reason Russian language]. (N. Zabolotsky.)
[At the end of May, the young bear was drawn to her native place], (where she was born) And ( where the months of childhood were so memorable).
In a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination, the second subordinate clause may lack a subordinating conjunction.
For example: ( If there is water) And ( there won't be a single fish in it), [I won't trust the water]. (M. Prishvin.) [ Let's shudder], (if suddenly a bird flies up) or ( elk will trumpet in the distance). (Yu. Drunina.)
2. Complex sentences with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, subordinate clauses include:
a) to different words the main sentence or one part to the entire main sentence, and the other to one of its words;
b) to one word or to the entire main sentence, but answer various questions and are different types subordinate clauses.
For example: ( When in my hands A new book ), [I feel], (that something living, speaking, wonderful came into my life). (M. Gorky.)
(If we turn to the best examples prose), [then we'll make sure], (that they are full of true poetry). (K. Paustovsky.)
[From the world (which is called children's), the door leads into space], (where they have lunch and tea) (Chekhov).
II. Complex sentences with consistent submission subordinate clauses.
This type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree) etc.
For example: [ The young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back their tears.], (because they were afraid of their father), (who was also somewhat embarrassed), (although I tried not to show it). (N. Gogol)
The specificity of subordinate parts is that each of them is subordinate in relation to the previous one and main in relation to the following one.
For example: Often in the fall I would closely watch the falling leaves to catch that imperceptible split second when a leaf separates from a branch and begins to fall to the ground.(Paustovsky).
With sequential subordination, one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating conjunctions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc.
For example: [ The water came down so scary], (What, (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).
There are also complex sentences with a combined type of subordination of subordinate clauses.
For example: ( When the chaise left the yard), [he (Chichikov) looked back and saw], (that Sobakevich was still standing on the porch and, it seemed, was looking closely, wanting to find out), (where will the guest go). (Gogol)
This is a complex sentence with parallel and sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
A comma is placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses not connected by coordinating conjunctions.
For example: I realized that I was lying in bed , that I'm sick , that I was only delirious.(Cupr.)
I envy those who spent their lives in battle , who defended a great idea.(EU)
We remember the great hour when the guns fell silent for the first time , when all the people met victory both in the cities and in every village.(Isak.)
Comma not placed between homogeneous subordinate clauses connected by a single connecting conjunction (regardless of whether there is a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word with both subordinate clauses or only with the first).
For example: I believe that nothing passes without a trace and that everyone the slightest step ours has meaning for the present and future life.(Ch.)
The militia brought Prince Andrei to the forest where the trucks were parked and where there was a dressing station.(L.T.)
When the rain began to fall and everything around sparkled, we followed the path... came out of the forest.(M.P.).
When repeating coordinating conjunctions, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses.
For example: Everyone found out that the lady had arrived, and that Kapitonich let her in , and that she is now in the nursery...(L.T.).
Unions either... or when connecting predicative parts complex sentence are treated as repeating, and homogeneous subordinate clauses are separated by a comma, which is placed before or.
For example: Whether there were weddings in the city, or someone cheerfully celebrating name days, Pyotr Mikhailovich always talked about it with pleasure.(Writing).
In case of heterogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are separated or separated by commas.
For example: As soon as the heat passed, the forest began to get cold and dark so quickly that I didn’t want to stay in it.(T.)
Anyone who has not experienced the excitement of the barely audible breathing of a sleeping young woman will not understand what tenderness is. (Paust.).
With sequential and mixed subordination, a comma is placed between subordinate clauses according to the same rules as between the main and subordinate clauses.
For example: If only our wanderers could be under their own roof , if only they could know , what happened to Grisha.(Necr.)
Helen smiled with such a look , who spoke , that she did not allow the possibility , so that anyone can see her and not be admired.(L.T.)
Any , who in life fought for the happiness of being yourself , knows , that the strength and success of this struggle depend on confidence , with which the seeker goes to the goal(M.P.)
A comma is placed between two adjacent subordinating conjunctions or between a conjunctive word and a subordinating conjunction, as well as when a coordinating and subordinating conjunction meets, if the internal subordinate clause is not followed by the second part of the double conjunction this or that.
For example: The bear fell in love with Nikita so much that , When he went somewhere, the animal anxiously sniffed the air.(M.G.)
We were warned that , If If the weather is bad, the excursion will not take place.
The night is over and , When the sun rose, all nature came to life.
The removal of the second (internal) part here does not require the restructuring of the first subordinate part.
If the subordinate clause is followed by the second part of a complex conjunction then, so, then a comma is not placed between the preceding two conjunctions.
For example: The blind man knew that the sun was looking into the room and that if he stretched his hand out the window, dew would fall from the bushes.(Cor.)
I thought that if at this decisive moment I did not out-argue the old man, then later it would be difficult for me to free myself from his tutelage.(P.).
Removing or rearranging the subordinate clause (if he reaches out his hand through the window and if at this decisive moment I don’t argue with the old man) is impossible, since parts of the double conjunction something will be nearby.
Dash in a complex sentence
Between the subordinate clause (group of subordinate clauses) and the subsequent one main part offers Maybeput a dash , if a subordinate clause or a group of subordinate clauses preceding the main clause is pronounced with logical emphasis on an informatively important word and with a deep pause before the main part (usually this is how subordinate explanatory clauses are distinguished, less often - conditional, concessive, etc.).
For example: Where did Nelidova go?- Natasha didn’t know(Paust.); And if you look at them for a long time– the rocks began to move and crumble(Ast.); Did he call them, did they come on their own?– Nejdanov never found out...(T.).
A dash is placed also between the subordinate and main parts in similarly constructed parallel complex sentences.
For example: He who is cheerful laughs, he who wants will achieve it, he who seeks will always find!(OK.).
A dash is placed after the subordinate clause standing before the main clause, if it contains the words this, here, and also if the subordinate clause is an incomplete sentence.
For example: That she is an honest person is clear to me.(T.)
What he found in her is his business.
Where is he now, what is he doing - these are the questions that I could not answer.
I answered something that - I don’t know myself(compare full - what did I answer).
A dash is placed between subordinate clauses in the absence of an adversative conjunction or the second part of a comparative conjunction between them.
For example: Artistry is so that every word is not only in place - so that it is necessary, inevitable and so that there are as few words as possible(Black).
A dash is placed to clarify the nature of the subordinate clause.
For example: Only once did she perk up - when Mika told her that ditties were sung at yesterday's wedding.(R. Zernova)
A dash is placed to enhance the interrogative nature of the sentence while emphasizing the unusual location of the subordinate part before the main one or the intonation separation of the main part from the subsequent subordinate clause.
For example: What is influence?- You know?; Are you sure – is this necessary?
A dash is also placed when there are an abundance of commas, against which the dash acts as a more expressive sign.
For example: But we gained experience , and for the experience , as the saying goes , no matter how much you pay, you won’t overpay.
Comma and dash in a complex sentence
Comma And dash as a single punctuation mark, they are placed in a complex sentence before the main part, which is preceded by a number of homogeneous subordinate parts, if the breakdown of the complex sentence into two parts with a long pause before the main part is emphasized.
For example: Wherever I am, whatever I try to have fun with , – all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.(Cupr.)
Who is to blame and who is right? , – it’s not for us to judge.(Kr.)
The same sign is also placed before a word repeated in the same part of the sentence in order to connect a new sentence with it or next part the same offer.
For example: I knew very well that it was my husband, not some new person unknown to me, but a good man , - my husband, whom I knew as myself.(L.T.)
And the idea that he can be guided by this interest, that in order to sell this forest he will seek reconciliation with his wife , – this thought offended him.(L.T.)
A dash is placed after the comma that closes the subordinate clause, including before the word this.
For example: The best he could do , - leave on time; The only thing I like here , - This is an old shady park.
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.
4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).
5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (homogeneous, parallel, sequential).
Sample analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1) [Look at the pale green sky strewn with stars,(on which there is neither a cloud nor a spot),and you will understand], (why summer warm air immovable), (Why nature on guard) (A. Chekhov).
[...noun, ( on which…), And verb], ( Why…), (Why…).
(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory clauses (depending on the verb you'll understand, answer the question What?, are joined by the conjunction word why)).
2) [Any Human knows], (what should he do?, (what separates him from people), otherwise), (what connects him to them) (L. Tolstoy).
[...verb], ( What…., (What…), otherwise), (What…).
(Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory clause (depending on the verb knows, answers the question What?, joins by union What), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronominal clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun That, answers the question which (That)?, is added by a conjunctive word What).
SPP with several subordinate clauses
A table with examples will help determine what types they are divided into
complex sentences with three or more predicative parts.
| Type of subordination of the subordinate part to the main part | Examples |
| Sequential | [The guys ran into the river], (the water in which had already warmed up enough), (because last days it was incredibly hot). |
| Parallel | (TOwhen the speaker finished speaking), [silence reigned in the hall], (as the audience was shocked by what they heard). |
| Homogeneous | [Anton Pavlovich talked about] (that reinforcements will soon arrive) and (that you just need to be patient a little). |
Something to remember
Good helper in mastering SPP with several subordinate clauses - exercises, the implementation of which will help consolidate the acquired knowledge.
In this case, it is better to follow the algorithm:
Highlight all means of communication, not forgetting about compound or adjacent conjunctions. Establish semantic connections between parts: to do this, first find the main one, then ask question(s) from it to the subordinate clause(s).
Construct a diagram, showing with arrows the dependence of the parts on each other, and place punctuation marks in it. Move commas into the written sentence.
Thus, care in the construction and analysis (including punctuation) of a complex sentence - NGN with several subordinate clauses specifically - and reliance on the above-listed features of this syntactic construction will provide correct execution proposed tasks.
Exercises on the topic " SPP with several subordinate clauses"
Exercise 1.DETERMINE THE TYPE OF SUBMISSION IN THE IBS:
1. A hero is a person who, at a decisive moment, does what needs to be done in the interests of human society.
2. To develop character, you need to cultivate will in yourself, since a person without will is a toy in the hands of any rogue.
3. In order not to impoverish his life, in order to be happy, a person must be able to understand another.
4. When you see a person whose face is distorted with anger, you just need to smile.
5. In the morning, Repin hurried to the studio and there he literally tortured himself with creativity, because he was an unparalleled worker and was even ashamed of the passion for work that forced him from dawn to dusk to devote all his strength to his canvases.
6. Sometimes, when you entered the room that was located under his studio, you heard the tramp of his old feet, because after each stroke he went away to look at his canvas.
7. It is unknown what Prishvin would have done in his life if he had remained an agronomist.
9. From people who have just put down a book by Prishvin that they had read, I have heard several times that his books are “real witchcraft.”
10. In the silence, one could clearly hear how the man groaned and how heavily the crust crunched under the feet of the bear, which was driven out of the forest by an unusual roar and crackling sound.
Exercise 2. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses as part of the IPP.
1. To imagine Vera’s life, he had to travel back a quarter of a century to the time when he was a student, thin, active.
2. When everyone went out to dinner and she was left alone with Ulyasha, Zhenya remembered everything in detail.
3. They sat at one of the windows, which were so dusty, prim and huge that they seemed like some kind of bottle glass establishments where you couldn’t wear a hat.
4. And the next morning she began asking questions about what Motovilikha was and what they did there at night.
5. Before talking about my journey to the “land of unafraid birds,” I would like to explain why I decided to go from the center of the intellectual life of our homeland to the wilds.
6. When Zhenya later remembered that day on Osinskaya Street, where they lived then, it always seemed sad to her.
7. In the corps they said that his irresistible fierceness was tamed by the quiet, angelic general’s wife, whom none of the cadets saw, because she was constantly ill.
8. Pierre, who was caressed and glorified when he was the best groom Russian Empire After his marriage, he lost a lot in the opinion of society.
9. And dad read a note that last night the seismic station of the observatory noted small tremors in our city, a consequence of a distant earthquake, the epicenter of which is located on the Asia Minor coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, where several villages were destroyed.
10. He is glad that he returned and that he will meet this day with his comrades.
11. Accompanied by a telephone operator with a reel of cable and two messengers, they found themselves at the top when the sun was already approaching the horizon and its first rays were trying to break through the sky covered with clouds and a veil of smoke.
12. Zvyagintsev could not understand where he was, although he knew this area well.
13. He painfully tried to remember what these places looked like before in order to get his bearings.
14. They [the old people] said that when the tunnel was finished, it was necessary to move the wagons to Bek-Tash.
15. Artemyev confirmed that the leading surgeon of the medical battalion is still the same as he was under Serpilin.
16. Having reported to the general everything that was needed, he went to his room, in which, having returned a long time ago and waiting for him, Prince Galtsin was sitting.
17. We calculated that if we followed the path, we would go out to the Naina River and meet the Koreans.
18. And, of course, they did not notice that on one of the pages of this newspaper was printed the very poem that Byron mentally recited.
Answers to exercise No. 2 on the topic “Types of subordination of subordinate clauses in the composition of NGNs.”
1. parallel
2. homogeneous
3. sequential
4. homogeneous
5. parallel
6. sequential
7. sequential
8. sequential
9.sequential
10. homogeneous
11. homogeneous
12. parallel
13. parallel
14. sequential
15. sequential
16. parallel
17. sequential
18. sequential
Test on the topic “Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses”
1. In which complex sentence is there sequential subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) The more a person knows, the more he sees the poetry of the earth where a person with meager knowledge will never find it.
2) Savrasov looked at us from another world, where giant sorcerers live and from where one cannot leave for a long time with impunity.
3) My temples began to press slightly, like my head does when you spin on a carousel for a long time.
4) I was born in a forest farm and spent part of my childhood in dense forests, where bears walk along drags and impenetrable swamps, and wolves drag in packs.
2. In which complex sentence is there a homogeneous subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) He kissed his wife carefully and went into the room where paints, brushes, canvas were waiting for him - everything without which he could not imagine a single day of his life.
2) From the Kremlin wall, on which Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich stands, you can see how the rowers are exhausted, fighting against the current.
3) You could hear the Neva splashing restlessly nearby and a wet flag humming somewhere over the roofs.
4) When this conversation was going on, in the next room there was a village miller, whom Ivan Kolymet called to Kurbsky’s estate to grind grain.
3. In which complex sentence is there a heterogeneous (parallel) subordination between the main and subordinate clauses?
1) Everything that the company had to do in the dark, Ryumin not only knew consistently, but also saw in that sharpened ray of light that was centered in his mind.
2) Although there is an inscription above the gate that the building is under state protection, no one is guarding it.
3) Ignatius Khvostov told his comrades about who Trajan was and what cruel persecution he subjected to the first Christians.
4) It is not known whether the yacht was built before Peter’s first visit by Bazhenin or whether it was presented to the Russian Tsar by Dutch merchants.
4. Explain the placement of a comma and a dash in a complex sentence.
But so that villages fall,
So that the fields are empty -
We are blessed for that
The King of Heaven hardly gave! (A.K. Tolstoy).
1. A comma separates subordinate subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates two homogeneous subordinate clauses from the main part.
2. A comma separates subordinate subordinate clauses of a sentence, and a dash separates homogeneous subordinate clauses standing in front of the main part, since when reading there is a significant pause between them (for the purpose of intonation highlighting of subordinate clauses).
5. What sign is used to separate homogeneous subordinate clauses in the structure of a polynomial complex sentence?
It was that hour before night when outlines, lines, colors, distances are erased, when daylight is still confused, inextricably linked, with night light (M. Sholokhov).
1. Comma.
2. Semicolon, since homogeneous clauses are common: yes homogeneous members and isolated turnover.
6. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?
I don’t know whether grace will touch My painfully sinful soul, or whether it will be able to rise and rise. Will the spiritual fainting pass? (F. Tyutchev).
1. Homogeneous subordination.
2. Heterogeneous subordination.
7. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two subordinating conjunctions in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? How many total commas do you need to put in this sentence?
Fyodor expected that when he saw not a reproduction, but a canvas that was touched by the hand of Surikov himself, he would be stunned and take his breath away, and then he would dream about it at night (V. Tendryakov).
1. A comma is needed; only seven commas.
2. A comma is not needed; only six commas.
8. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence.
At this time, it is usually indecent for ladies to go, because the Russian people love to express themselves in such harsh expressions, which they probably will not hear even in the theater (N. Gogol).
1. Heterogeneous subordination.
2. Consistent submission.
9. Determine the types of subordinate clauses in a polynomial complex sentence. What type of subordination is represented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses?
And so that the children would not tease the beggars, he [Nosopyr] pretended to be a cow doctor, carrying a canvas bag with a red cross on his side, where he kept a chisel for cutting off hooves and dry bunches of St. John's wort grass (V. Belov).
1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate clause of the goal and the subordinate clause of the attribute.
2. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses: the main part is joined by the subordinate part of the purpose and the subordinate part of the place.
10. How many parts does this complex sentence with several subordinate clauses consist of and what type of subordination is represented in it?
The next day Sanin, still lying in bed, like Emil, in a festive dress, with a cane in his hand and heavily pomaded, burst into his room and announced that Herr Klüber would now arrive with a carriage, that the weather promised to be amazing, that they everything is ready, but that mom won’t go because she has a headache again (I. Turgenev).
1. The sentence contains eight parts; a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
2. The sentence contains seven parts; mixed subordination of subordinate clauses is presented.
11. What type of subordination is presented in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Explain why there is only one comma in the sentence.
When winter came and the garden and house were covered with snow, a wolf howl was heard at night (A.N. Tolstoy).
1. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
12. Analyze complex sentences. Select simple parts and set their number. Determine the nature of the connection between them.
At times, Maria was ready to believe that some ancient artist miraculously guessed that the girl Maria would one day appear in the world, and in advance created a portrait of her in bas-relief of a mysterious, enchanted palace, which was supposed to remain intact underground for centuries (V. Bryusov) .
1. The sentence consists of four parts, connected using mixed subordination.
2. The sentence consists of five parts, connected using a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
13. Analyze complex polynomial sentences with subordinating connections. Establish the method of connecting subordinate and main parts, name the type of subordinate clauses.
Since Chekhov had no novels, it seemed obvious that he had nothing to do with Dostoevsky, Turgenev, or Goncharov (M. Gromov).
1. The subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part through a semantic causal conjunction because; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part through the functional conjunction that; The polynomial represents a heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses; the subordinate part of the reason is attached to the main part by the semantic causal conjunction since; the explanatory clause is attached to the main part by the functional conjunction that.
14. How many commas should be put in a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses? Name the type of subordination of subordinate parts to the main one.
In the middle of the day, the cow was released into the field so that it would walk according to its will and so that it would feel better (A. Platonov).
1. One comma; homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
2. Two commas; heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
15. Name the type of subordinate clauses, establish the method of connecting the subordinate clauses and the main parts.
The fog lasted for a long time, until eleven o’clock, until some force was found that lifted it upward (V. Rasputin).
1. Sentence with mixed subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is joined to the main part by the conjunctive word which.
2. Sentence with sequential subordination; the subordinate clause of time is attached to the main part by the semantic temporary conjunction not yet, the subordinate clause is joined to the main part by the conjunctive word which.
16. Is a comma necessary at the junction of two conjunctions - coordinating and subordinating? How many commas should there be in this complex sentence?
That night Chubarev also did not go to bed, and when he finally escorted everyone out of the office and looked at his watch, he just shrugged his shoulders (P. Proskurin).
1. A comma is not needed; two commas.
2. A comma is needed; three commas.
3. A comma is needed; five commas.
17. Determine the type of subordination in a polynomial complex sentence. Is a comma necessary before AND?
When the burdocks rustle in the ravine
And the bunch of yellow-red rowan will fade,
I write funny poems
About perishable, perishable and beautiful life (A. Akhmatova).
1. Heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; a comma is needed.
2. Homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses; no comma needed.
Complex sentence with several subordinate clauses (answers)
1. 3)
2. 3)
3. 1)
4. 2)
5. 2)
6. 1)
7. 1)
8. 2)
9. 1)
10. 2)
11. 2)
12. 1)
13. 1)
14. 1)
15. 2)
16. 1)
17. 2)
Among complex sentences with several subordinate clauses, complex sentences are distinguished by structure
- with consistent subordination,
- with uniform subordination
- with parallel subordination.
Subordination is when two or more subordinate clauses are subordinate to one main clause.
- With homogeneous subordination subordinate clauses not only explain the main part, but are also subordinate clauses of the same type.
With homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, commas are placed in the same way as with homogeneous members of the sentence. If homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by repeating conjunctions, then a comma is placed between them, and not if the conjunctions are non-repeating.
- When in complex sentences different subordinate clauses belong to one member of the main part or in which the same subordinate clauses explain different words in the main part, they represent sentences with parallel subordination.
Example: When a person is overly tired, it seems that he will sleep for who knows how long.
- Consistent submission- this is a sequence of subordinate clauses in which each subsequent subordinate clause is connected to the previous clause, and only the first subordinate clause is connected to the main part.
With the sequential subordination of subordinate clauses, conjunctions may appear next to each other: what and if, what and when, etc. A comma is placed between the conjunctions, if there is no further part of the conjunction - then or so, for example: He warned that if the fire is not extinguished now, the flame will spread to roof. It is acceptable for there to be no subordinating conjunction before the second subordinate clause.
Combined submission- these are various combinations of subordinating connections in one complex sentence.
Types of subordinate clauses in complex sentences
- Definitive
Refers to a noun or to a noun phrase with demonstrative words that, such. Answers the question which?
- Pronominal attributive
Refers to the pronouns that, each, everyone; everything, such, such. Answers the questions; Who? Which? what?
- Explanatory
Refers to a verb of thought, speech, perception, or a noun combined with the demonstrative word that. Answers case questions.
- Connection
Applies to the entire main part.
- Concessive
Relates to the entire main part
Punctuation rules
If in an incomplete subordinate clause there is one conjunctive word, then a comma is not separated from the main one, for example: I want to help you, but I don't know how.
If the subordinate clause at the end of a complex sentence is an indirect question, question mark is not put (unless, of course, the main thing is interrogative), for example: Indicate which of the definitions are separated.
A comma is not placed if homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected by connecting or dividing conjunctions, for example: Like someone sentenced to death and confident of the impossibility of pardon.
There does not have to be one subordinate clause in an IPP. There may be several of them. Then it is worth considering all the options for what kind of relationship develops between subordinate clauses and the main one.
It is also worth clarifying that the scheme of a complex sentence can be not only linear ( horizontal), as in the examples above. Flowcharts ( vertical).
So, for several subordinate clauses the following cases are possible:
Homogeneous submission. All subordinate clauses relate to the main clause (or to some word in its composition). In addition, they answer one question. And subordinate clauses are connected to each other according to the same principle as homogeneous members of a sentence.
The children stamped their feet with impatience and couldn’t wait until it was time to set off, when they would finally see the sea, when everyone could run around along the shore to their heart’s content.
Parallel subordination. All subordinate clauses refer to the main clause. But they answer different questions.
When it was her turn to choose, Olya took the box that came to her hand first.
Consistent submission. One subordinate clause is attached to the main clause (it is called a subordinate clause of the first degree). Another subordinate clause, of the second degree, is added to the subordinate clause of the first degree. By the way, with this type of subordination one subordinate clause can be included in another.
The guys decided that together they would cope with the difficult task, which Misha courageously decided to put on his shoulders.
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence
A reasonable question may arise as to why all these NGN schemes are needed. They have at least one application purpose - a mandatory part parsing of a complex sentence is to draw up its diagram.
In addition, the diagram of a complex sentence will help to correctly analyze it for parsing.
SPP parsing diagram includes the following task items:
Determine whether the sentence is based on the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.
What - according to emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
To prove that a sentence is complex, you need to define and indicate the grammatical basics.
Indicate what type of connection between parts of a complex sentence is present: conjunction, intonation.
Indicate the type of complex sentence: complex sentence.
Indicate how many simple sentences are included in a complex one, and by what means subordinate clauses are attached to the main one.
Label the main and subordinate parts. In the case of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses, they should be designated by numbers (degrees of subordination).
Indicate which word in the main sentence (or the entire sentence) is associated with the subordinate clause.
Note the way of connecting the predicative parts of a complex sentence: a conjunction or a conjunctive word.
If there are any, indicate indicative words in the main part.
Indicate the type of subordinate clause: explanatory, attributive, connecting, adverbial.
And finally, draw up a diagram of a complex sentence.
Grechishnikova Marina Anatolyevna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
MBOU "Secondary School No. 2" urban settlement Urengoy
Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses. Types of subordination.
Preparation for the State Examination. Task B8.
Target – systematize students’ knowledge on the topic, improve skills in working with tests and texts in preparation for the State Examination
Lesson objectives:
Educational
- improve the ability to distinguish between types of subordination in a complex sentence;
- introduce the work of Yuri Afanasyev.
Developmental
- develop syntactic skills;
- develop skills in working with text;
- develop skills in working with tests (tasks A1 – B9).
Educational
- cultivate love for native land, respectful attitude towards the culture of the peoples of the North inhabiting Yamal;
- to educate a thinking reader on the works of Yamal writers.
Lesson equipment:
- computer;
- interactive board;
- textbook;
- notebooks;
- handouts (tests, texts).
During the classes
- Language warm-up
- Read the text - an excerpt from Yuri Afanasyev’s story “Two Spruce Trees” (print the texts for each student or project them onto the board).
1. Due to the storm, the tug was standing in a creek. 2. Time was rushing. 3. For almost a week, Eduk and Oksana traveled along the canals to the village on Kaldanka. 4. Almost a week - this is the time. 5. And in life for Eduk there was one moment. 6. During these days, he learned so much about the world that the most ancient old man could not have learned. 7. The world, it turns out, is very big and hectic. 8. Like animals in the taiga, all sorts of people inhabit it. 9. Everyone has a lot of worries. 10. But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people all year round They walk around almost without clothes. 11. Just think, imagine yourself in the Arctic without clothes, even not in winter, even in summer (?!). 12. However, he could not help but believe Oksana. 13. Their relationship was so close, her eyes understood him so deeply that he was afraid of his bad thoughts. 14. “What? - thought Eduk. “Why not become related, be your own person in a warm, nourishing village?”
15. And then the village suddenly appeared from behind the melted cape. 16. The houses scattered along the ridge on the slope huddled together like chickens. 17. Among them, a church rose like a wood grouse, glowing reddishly with larch logs.18. And further behind the village, spiky spruce trees stuck out like a comb. 19. The faint smell of warm bread made my head spin. 20. Eduk could distinguish this smell from a great distance. 21. You can’t confuse him with anything...
- Find dialect words in the text and replace them with stylistically neutral synonyms.
Kaldanka (in project 3) – boat
Uval (in Project 16) – hill, slope
- In paragraph 2, find comparisons. Write down the numbers of sentences with comparisons.
16 – like chickens
17 – capercaillie (instrumental case form)
18 – comb (instrumental case form)
- Write down the number of the sentence with the introductory word.
- Write down the grammatical basics from sentences 7, 12, 20
7 – the world is big, hectic
12 – he couldn’t help but believe
20 – Eduk could tell the difference
- Determine the type of subordinating connection in the phrase “animals in the taiga” (sentence 8). Replace this phrase with a synonym for the subordinating connection, agreement.
Communication - management; taiga animals
- Determine the type of subordinating connection in the phrase “restless world” (sentence 7). Replace this phrase with one synonymous with the subordinating connection, management.
Coordination; peace without peace
- Write down the numbers of complex sentences.
6, 10, 13
- Updating knowledge
Write sentence 10 from the text.
But the most incredible thing for Eduk was to hear that there are lands where people walk almost without clothes all year round.
Construct a diagram of this sentence: [ === ], (which === ____), (where ____ ===).
Determine the type of subordination (sequential).
What types of subordination in a complex sentence do you know? (Memo, Appendix 1).
Give examples.
- Consolidation
- Determine the type of subordination. Fill out the table (Appendix 2). Comment your answer orally. Print out worksheets with example sentences for each student. Graduates fill out only column 2.
Offer | Type of subordination |
The most important hero in Khanty mythology is the bear who considered the ancestor | Sequential (main → attributive clause → corollary clause) |
don't lead that only scrupulous work will allow him to come out | Homogeneous (main → subordinate explanatory, subordinate explanatory) |
If you contact | Parallel, or heterogeneous (subordinate clauses → main → subordinate clause) |
will have to overcomemany obstacles, | Parallel, or heterogeneous (clause of purpose → main → clause of attribute) |
Task maintaining traditions complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking younglearn your native language, prefer | Sequential (main → explanatory clause → attributive clause) |
the role appears in legends. | Sequential (main → explanatory clause → concession clause) |
For the rights of the people who appeals to the poet who calls | Parallel, or heterogeneous (clause clause → main clause → clause clause). In this sentence, the subordinate clauses refer to different words in the main clause. |
The writer often resorts to reception"turning to the past" to force | Homogeneous (main → subordinate clause, subordinate clause of the target). |
- Compress the text. From sentences 6-8 (excerpt from the story “Two Spruce Trees”), make up 1 complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses.
What is this method of text compression called? (Simplification is merging several sentences into one).
- Among the sentences below, find the SPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses:
1. Without making out the road, he fled into the forest-tundra, ran towards the Urals. 2. Ran until exhausted. 3. He was afraid to stop. 4. He felt that if he stopped, he would be torn apart from the inside. 5. My heart can't stand it. 6. And he ran, ran off-road, throwing out bitterness and resentment.
Answer: 4
- Using the text of the story “Two Spruce Trees” by Yu. Afanasyev, continue the sentences so that you get SPP with different types subordination:
Sequential: I can’t say how old these spruce trees are..... (which grow on the banks of the Ob).
Homogeneous : What brought us closer together was loneliness or the anticipation of the morning, when the village would wake up with fishing sweat, the mooing of cows, the breath of fresh wind,…. (when the snipe sandpiper announces the beginning of the day with a wooden shamanic trill.
Parallel (non-uniform): When the headman smiles, it seems... (that he is ready to swallow you like a small fish).
- Testing. Part B8. Presentation (it is better to conduct a lesson with a mobile computer class so that each graduate can work on the tests independently. If this is not possible, the assignments can be printed for each student).
1. Among sentences 1-6, find complex sentence with uniform subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Many did not go to explore the North and live in Yamal, but to earn money. (2) Isn’t that where it came from: I worked for 15 years, gave “all my strength” to the wild North - put me back in my place, give me everything. (3) They gave and kissed goodbye, and the “silent” ones were increasingly thrown into the darkness, as if they had been sentenced in advance: the locals could not be trained into cadres. (4) In the second and third generations, children of the dispossessed were not issued passports.
(5) “Yamal received the third blow with the beginning of oil and gas development. (6) Now the organizers themselves do not know why they built the cities, or what to do with the population.”
2. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel (heterogeneous) subordination. Write the number of this offer.
(1) With the closure of navigation, it is practically prohibited to set nets on the Ob. (2) But nets are installed every year, and it is impossible for a fish inspector with a pick to remove them all. (3) How many holes do you need to cut?! (4) To streamline recreational fishing, it is appropriate in some cases to apply licensed fishing based on the experience of Guryev residents. (5) This experience is justified in case of insignificant bycatch of valuable fish species, which does not in any way negatively affect the reproduction of fish stocks, and in the fall on smooth sands, when fishermen leave the latter, migrating to their winter quarters.
(6) It should be taken into account that northern fishing in the fall, in the wind, in icy water is not an easy pleasure.
3. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) The profitability of licensed fishing is not only in the collection of funds, part of which should go to the development of fishing, but most importantly in the education of the person himself. (2) If you want to fish, work on cleaning up the living creatures, plant a few bushes to strengthen the banks of spawning rivers, and do your part to save the young fish. (3) Anyone who took the fish but did not give it back, who violated the rules of fishing, may be expelled from society or temporarily suspended from fishing. (4) It seems that amateur fishermen in their place of residence will more jealously monitor their area and will also provide assistance in the fight against malicious poaching. (5) The discovery of cases of the latter is still insignificant.
4. Among sentences 1-7, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Poachers. (2) Who are they? (3) Of course, people. (4) But these are people who deliberately go about causing damage to nature. (5) What about the rest who love their Ob, who for one reason or another end up as violators? (6) Doesn’t the very word “poacher” offend his ears? (7) So far, such a difference is not visible, and only because not everything has been used in the organization of recreational fishing.
5. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) In the last days of the departed leap year stocky log house in the village, the weight of the snow on the roofs pressed them even more tightly to the ground. (2) The old office building, unable to withstand such a load, leans against the neighboring fence, but proudly and cockily a flag flutters on a spruce pole, all faded and planted there unknown when and by whom. (3) The flag glorified the still indestructible and mighty Union, when for the second year the political weather was completely different. (4) But the people of Yamalsk have not changed in any way morally and in their actions. (5) On the pediment of the office there still hung a peeling slogan, which called on the fishermen and fisherwomen to work hard and give one more percent above the plan, because the fate of the Motherland depended on this percentage.
6. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with parallel subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) “Now there will be a buzz!” - Styopka explained to his mentor, who perceived the children’s noise with migraine pain and was impatiently waiting for her duty to end. (2) Styopka didn’t know where she came from. (3) But how could he be interested in the fact that some people were going to Far North build, others - to develop northern seniority for retirement, according to the coefficient. (4) But the boarding school teacher was noticeable in the village for her unsociability, did not trust the cleanliness of the frogs and malitsa, and was wary of visiting the families of tundra dwellers. (5) It is not easy to gather reindeer herders and fishermen into a boarding school in Parent meeting, but coming to your home - chum - is revered. (6) And if the teacher began to speak in their native language, then he became no less than a ruma - a friend to whom, on occasion, you need to give a gift.
7. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with homogeneous subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) The blizzard howled louder and angrier, but the voices in the plague, illuminated from outside by several light bulbs, could be heard far away. (2) Before Chuprov had time to throw back the curtain, a man in a mask splashed a full ladle of ice water down his collar. (3) “What a joke,” Styopka gasped. (4) The owner liked the joke, and this trick added noise and fun to all the guests.
(5) How did he not foresee all the consequences? (6) After all, he should have known that he was being invited and taken as a hostage to One-Eyed, that if necessary and to please the owner, the procurer was taken to the village.
8. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) He had known the brood of wolves since last year, and now four one-year-old puppies also went through practice in a blizzard. (2) As they cut up all the weakened deer with a knife, their corpses turned black in the snow. (3) Here and there the wolverine tried: jumping from tree to tree, she gnawed at the throat, drank the blood, and threw the animal...
(4) Hunzi no longer thought about Zyryanov’s promises - if the deer were 100% safe, he would transfer thirty percent to him. (5) This whole market is not for him. (6) The only thing he thought about now was that no one could take away the snow, the sky, the air, the tundra where he walked.
9. Among sentences 1-6, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) Hunzi went at the wolf unarmed, only with this shovel stick. (2) He had neither fear nor anger against the wolf. (3) What he dreamed disappeared. (4) Hunzi, peering at the trail, saw that he was trying to jump over the ravine, but was careful of a large snow drift, that he sat, turned around and again moved directly.
(5) Finally, Hunzi saw a wolf on the opposite bank of the Yugan River. (6) The floodplain was snow-covered two to three meters deep - you couldn’t cross that easily...
10. Among sentences 1-5, find a complex sentence with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. Write the number of this offer.
(1) The deer carries the shepherd further and further. (2) It’s not scary to travel with such a deer even unarmed. (3) How can a shepherd not rejoice at the deer, how can he not sing a song about them! (4) Narasyukh, tell us about the blue wind of kaslanya and about the deer-miniruv, the holy deer, which in its entire life does not know what a team is. (5) Tell me how the minyruv hung the sun on its horns and how on a quiet night the stars rang like bells in their ears on a quiet night...
Answers
- Reflection. Summing up the lesson.
- What new did you learn in the lesson?
- How to find complex sentences with different types of subordination?
- What is the difference between homogeneous subordination and parallel subordination?
- What problems does Yu.N raise? Afanasyev in his works?
- What lexical features can be noted in the texts used in the lesson? (Dialect words, abundance of means of expression, especially comparisons).
- Have you noticed the syntactic features of the works of Yamal writers? ( Simple sentences, introductory words, inversion).
- Differentiated homework assignment (optional).
- Prepare a presentation of 20 slides on the topic “Preparation for the State Examination. B8" (Performance in groups is possible).
- Develop a memory aid theoretical material on this topic.
- Make a table to systematize knowledge on the topic and memorize theoretical material.
- Solve several variants of tasks B8 from the collection for preparing for the State Examination.
Bibliography
- Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Egoraeva G.T. GIA 2014. Russian language. 9th grade. 30 options for standard test tasks and preparation for completing part 3 (C) / Yu.N. Gosteva, I.P. Vasiliev, G.T. Egoraeva. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2014.
- Lvova S.I. GIA 2014. Russian language: training tasks: 9th grade / S.I. Lvova, T.I. Zamuraeva. – M.: Eksmo, 2013.
- Nazarova T.N. GIA. Workshop on the Russian language: preparation for completing tasks of part B/ T.N. Nazarova, E.N. Violin. – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2014.
- Russian language. 9th grade. Preparation for the State Examination 2013: educational and methodological manual / Ed. ON THE. Senina. – Rostov n/d: Legion, 2012.
- Khaustova D.A. Russian language. Preparing for the State Examination (writing concise presentation). Universal materials With methodological recommendations, solutions and answers / D.A. Khaustova. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Publishing house “Exam”, 2012.
Internet resources
- Gubkin centralized library system.http://www.gublibrary.ru
- Afanasyev Yu.N. Rhythms of the tundra. Once stepping on a rake. Two ate. Corporate information and library portal of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.http://libraries-yanao.ru
Annex 1.
REMINDER
TYPES OF SUBMISSION
A complex sentence can have two or more subordinate clauses. The relationships of such subordinate clauses with each other determine the type of subordination.
1. Parallel subordination
With parallel subordination, one main element includes different types of subordinate clauses that answer different questions:
Reason, (despite what?) even if it is oppressed and neglected, ultimately always prevails (why?), because it is impossible to live without it (A. France).
2. Homogeneous submission
With homogeneous subordination, subordinate clauses are of the same type, answer the same question and refer to the same member of the main sentence or to the entire main sentence as a whole. Homogeneous subordinate clauses are connected with each other by a coordinating or non-conjunctive connection:
Yegorushka saw (what?), how little by little the sky darkened and darkness fell to the ground (what?), how the stars lit up one after another (A. Chekhov).
3. Consistent submission
With sequential subordination, the main clause is subject to a subordinate clause (clause of the first degree), which, in turn, is subject to the next subordinate clause (clause of the second degree), etc. (the parts form a chain). With this connection, each subordinate part becomes the main part in relation to the next one, but only one original main part remains: which considered the ancestor people, which is why the largest number of legends are dedicated to him.
Historical experience proves that all attempts “jumping” over some stages of culture does not lead to anything good don't lead that only scrupulous Job to restore historical memory, “childhood and youth” of the people let him go out on the main road of world culture and come to a feeling of spiritual fullness of being.
If you contact to foreign literature, then with confidence we can say that the fairy-tale hero of R. Rugin has long been known already in the vastness of Europe from France to Russia.
To become masters of your own destiny , Khanty and other small peoples of Siberiawill have to overcomemany obstacles, which modernity has prepared for them.
Task maintaining traditions complicated by the fact that many Russian speaking young Khanty who don’t see the point learn your native language, prefer study English instead.
It is significant that the deer is playing less significant in Khanty mythology role than in the Nenets legends, although also appears in legends.
Roman Rugin is also a wrestler for the rights of the people, which appeals to the mind of his reader and states the facts, and the poet who calls to people's hearts and their emotions.
The writer often resorts to reception"turning to the past" to force Khanty readers look at their past, to move forward, build the future.
