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What can you eat heart disease. What foods are good for heart disease? What can you eat with diseases of the vessels and heart

Have you noticed that the nature of food greatly affects our well-being? It is not surprising that the therapy of many pathologies of internal organs begins with the appointment of a rational and balanced diet. A properly selected set of products helps with kidney inflammation and metabolic disorders.

And what should be an effective therapeutic diet for cardiovascular diseases? Our review and video in this article contains current medical recommendations, a list of useful and harmful dishes for the heart, and also presents an approximate menu for daily nutrition.

Heart disease: how diet can help

Many patients are not attentive enough when the doctor gives them nutritional advice. Indeed, where is the stomach, and where is the heart?

In fact, a diet for diseases of the cardiovascular system is very important: it normalizes impaired metabolism, helps reduce the level of substances harmful to the circulatory system and reduces the risk of acute complications. Love for forbidden foods, on the contrary, significantly worsens the prognosis of the disease.

So, for example, a diet for atherosclerosis of the heart vessels has the following goals:

• normalization of fat metabolism;
• prevention of atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular wall;
• reduction in the size of existing ones;
• reducing the risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction.

Therapeutic nutrition acts on one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of atherosclerotic lesions - high blood cholesterol levels. With the help of a diet, you can reduce the concentration of a substance harmful to the heart and reduce its negative effect on the cardiovascular system.

The diet after surgery on the vessels of the heart contributes to a better rehabilitation of the patient and ensures the prevention of the development of the disease again. This is relevant for patients who underwent coronary artery stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting.

General principles of clinical nutrition

Instructions for patients include the following items:

1. Eat often, but in small portions. A full stomach and gases in the intestines lead to the excitation of the branches of the autonomic nervous system, which can cause interruptions in the work of the heart. According to research, 4-5 small meals per day contribute to the successful digestion of food and a feeling of lightness in the stomach.
2. The calorie content of dishes should provide all the needs of the body, but not be excessive. Patients with average weight are recommended to consume about 2300 kcal daily.
3. Don't go to bed on a full stomach. The recommended time for a light dinner is 3-4 hours before bedtime.
4. Reduce the amount of salt in your daily diet. Sodium chloride retains water in the body and causes an increase in circulating blood volume. This, in turn, provokes an increased load on the heart and the development of arterial hypertension. In addition to limiting the consumption of table salt to 2-3 g / day, exclude foods containing it in large quantities from the diet - fast food, ready-made sauces, pickled vegetables, sausages, smoked meats, ready-made semi-finished products.
5. Minimize your intake of animal fat. Cholesterol, contained in excess in fatty meat, lard, offal, butter and hard cheeses, contributes to the formation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels, including coronary arteries.
6. Banned are trans fats. Forever refuse the use of margarine, cooking oil and lard, which do not bring any benefit to the body, but negatively affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
7. Add more foods rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids to your daily menu, which normalize lipid metabolism and cleanse blood vessels of cholesterol deposits. Among them are fatty sea fish, nuts, high-quality vegetable oils.
8. Eat a sufficient amount of vegetables (preferably thermally processed to avoid possible bloating) and fruits, which are sources of vitamins, trace elements and fiber that normalizes digestion.
9. Eliminate from the diet foods that have a stimulating effect on the nervous system. Among them are coffee, strong tea, energy drinks. Such "stimulants" increase the number of heart contractions, increasing the load on the circulatory system.

Note! In addition to the general stimulating activity, coffee has an indirect effect on the level of cholesterol in the body. The substance cafestol contained in the invigorating drink helps to increase the concentration of harmful lipoproteins. Therefore, coffee is not recommended for patients with atherosclerosis and other disorders of fat metabolism. Read the article to the end to find out what it consists of diet for cardiovascular disease.

Thus, the following are considered good for the heart (see photo):

1. Salt-free bread, crackers (homemade).
2. Milk and vegetable soups.
3. Lean meat (veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken). Preferred cooking methods are steaming, baking.
4. Fish and seafood.
5. Skimmed milk and dairy products (kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese).
6. Eggs in the form of omelettes or soft-boiled (no more than 1 egg per day).
7. Vegetables in the form of stews, casseroles or baked.
8. Ripe seasonal fruits and berries.
9. Tea (weak), natural juices, compotes, fruit drinks.
10. Vegetable oils (for dressing salads).
11. Wine (see).

Foods that are harmful to the heart

There are also products, the use of which may have an undesirable effect on the circulatory system of patients.

The diet for diseases of the heart and blood vessels provides for an exception from the diet:

1. Muffin, freshly baked white bread.
2. Rich broths (meat, fish, mushrooms), soups with legumes.
3. Fatty meat, offal, sausages and frankfurters, smoked meats, canned meats and pates.
4. Cream, fat sour cream, hard cheeses.
5. Pickled and salted vegetables.
6. Legumes.
7. Chocolate, cakes, confectionery sweets.
8. Natural coffee, strong tea, cocoa, alcohol (see).
9. Margarine and cooking oils.

Sample menu for patients with pathology of the circulatory system

1. Breakfast (8.00): buckwheat porridge with milk, tea with a spoonful of honey.
2. Snack (11.00): cottage cheese (fat-free) with seasonal fruits.
3. Lunch (13.00): light vegetable soup, turkey stew, berry compote.
4. Snack (16.00): apple.
5. Dinner (18.00): steamed pink salmon, rice.

Diet therapy for diseases of the cardiovascular system is one of the important components of complex treatment. A properly composed menu will allow you to eat varied, tasty, and most importantly healthy food, which will provide the heart muscle with a speedy recovery.

The relationship between lifestyle, in particular, human nutrition and diseases has long been proven. Nutritionists have developed a large number of diets for various health disorders.

One of them is diet number 10, for people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

The purpose and principles of nutrition, the main types of diets

The nutrition scheme in accordance with diet No. 10 is designed in such a way as to improve blood circulation processes, while providing the cells of the body with the necessary biologically active substances and energy.

In addition, food should not be too heavy or high-calorie, it is bad for the heart and blood vessels, and disrupts the kidneys.

There are several subspecies of diet No. 10, which are used for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The most common of them:

There are general rules for all subcategories of diet No. 10. Let's consider them in more detail.

General rules

A person suffering from any violation of the cardiovascular system should adhere to the following rules for eating:

Here is a list of foods that should be consumed according to this diet.

What should you eat?

In order to restore and normalize the functioning of the cardiovascular system, the following foods and dishes are recommended:

The consumption of potatoes and cabbage is allowed in limited quantities.

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What foods can't be eaten?

The consumption of the following foods will have a bad effect on the patient's well-being:

Also, do not consume more than 5 glasses of fluid per day.

Approximate daily diet for scheme No. 10

With cardiovascular disorders, you need to eat little, but often. As a rule, the menu is compiled for 5-6 meals per day.

These rules are general for patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Consider the features of nutrition in different types of diseases.

Power scheme 10a

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To the general rules of nutrition for diseases of the vessels and the heart, the features of the patient's diet, necessary for this disease, are added:

The daily diet with a diet of 10a can be the following dishes:

Diet 10c: rules for compiling a daily diet

Indications for this diet are vascular atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and arterial hypertension.

The purpose of the diet is to reduce the rate of development of atherosclerotic changes and restore lipid metabolism in the body.

In addition to the general rules, following this type of diet requires:

Approximate composition of the daily diet:

Diet 10i: when is it necessary and how should one eat?

This type of diet is prescribed to patients in the acute period of myocardial infarction. Compliance with this diet is necessary for the normalization of cardiac processes and bowel function.

The main requirements for the nutrition of such patients are:

The approximate diet of a patient with myocardial infarction consists of such dishes;

Diet 10i is indicated only in the first 7 days after myocardial infarction, then the patient is transferred to the 10c diet.

People with cardiovascular disease should remember that dieting is not a one-time event, but a way of life. This will improve the condition and avoid exacerbations of the disease.

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The heart is the only muscle in the body that works continuously and pumps blood to supply nutrients and oxygen to the entire body.

How effective it will work also depends on what we eat.

Doctors are sure that the nutrition system developed a long time ago called "diet No. 10" can improve blood circulation and cope with the first signs of heart disease.

Basic principles of nutrition in cardiovascular diseases:

1. Eliminate foods that excite the nervous system from the diet. First, it's caffeinated and caffeinated drinks: shakes, energy drinks, and even all sorts of colas. They increase the heart rate, additionally loading the heart muscle.

To the same stimulating products, doctors include strong tea, rich broths and dishes containing a large amount of spices.

2.Reduce your intake of animal fat. Fatty foods of animal origin - canned meat, pork, fatty poultry, all types of offal, sausages, smoked meats and lard - are rich in harmful cholesterol, which is deposited in the vessels in the form of plaques. They can disrupt blood flow, including in the vessels that feed the heart itself.

But there is room on the menu for lean veal, rabbit, chicken and turkey. Boil, steam, or bake—any cooking method will work as long as you don't add extra fat.

3.Reduce the amount of salt in your diet. This will reduce the amount of fluid that is retained in the body and reduce the workload on the heart that has to pump the increased volume of blood. High blood pressure, in particular, develops due to fluid retention as well.

Try to give up pickles and marinades, do not buy ready-made sauces, smoked meats and sausages. For the same reason, it is better to refuse fast food, snacks and semi-finished products, in which the salt content is often increased.

4. Add omega-3 fatty acids to your diet. These beneficial substances help reduce cholesterol levels in the body, prevent the process of thrombosis and lower blood pressure.

Most Omega-3s are found in vegetable oils and fish oils. Experts recommend choosing not too fatty varieties of fish and seafood. It is best to boil them, but you can also fry them without fat. But salted, smoked and canned fish are harmful for the heart - due to the excess salt content.

5. Eat fractionally. In heart disease, a full stomach and bloating lead to irritation of the autonomic nerves responsible for the work of the heart. And this, in turn, to interruptions in his work.

Doctors believe that 4-5 small meals during the day will be easily digested and will not create additional stress on the nervous, and hence the cardiovascular system.

Diet number 10 - do's and don'ts

Can	It is forbidden
Dietary salt-free bread, toast, white bread croutons	Fresh bread, pancake, pancakes, muffin
Vegetable soups with cereals, milk soups	Broths from meat, poultry, fish, mushrooms. Soups with beans
Lean beef, veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey. Boiled or baked without fat	Fatty meat, geese, ducks, offal, sausages, smoked meats, lard and corned beef, canned meat
Lean fish and seafood - boiled or steamed	Fatty fish, salted, smoked fish, caviar, canned fish
Milk, low-fat cottage cheese, yogurt, kefir	Salty and fatty cheese, sour cream, cream
Soft-boiled eggs, omelets. No more than 1 egg per day	Fried eggs, hard boiled eggs
Dishes from cereals, pasta from durum flour	Legumes
Vegetables boiled and baked. Raw vegetables rarely and carefully	Pickled, salted vegetables. Radish, onion, garlic, mushrooms, radish, green peas, cabbage
Fresh ripe fruits and berries, honey, jam, dried fruits	Coarse fiber fruits, chocolate, cakes
Weak tea, fruit and vegetable juices	Natural coffee, cocoa, strong tea, alcohol
Vegetable oils, occasionally unsalted butter	Cooking fats and margarines, lard

Many experts believe that there is a link between human disease and nutrition. Scientists have been developing and continue to develop special diets for a long time. Now about 15 tables have been created, which are prescribed for a particular disease. Diet for cardiovascular diseases should be given special attention, because mortality rates from these ailments are high.

The main diet for diseases of the heart and blood vessels

A properly prescribed diet for cardiovascular diseases can enhance the effect of drugs and even prolong life. A healthy table can serve as a preventive measure, especially if there are certain risks, such as:

• the patient's age is over 40 years;
• heredity;
• tobacco use;
• excessive doses of alcoholic beverages;
• high blood pressure;
• malnutrition;
• obesity;
• diabetes disease;
• sedentary lifestyle.

A diet for heart disease can improve metabolism, reduce stress on the heart, and enhance the effects of medications.

Before the doctor prescribes any treatment table, the patient is fully examined. The stage of the disease, the condition of the intestines, as well as other ailments or disorders are revealed.

First of all, the patient must learn to eat fractionally and often, drink a minimum of liquid, and also exclude salt. Vitamins and potassium salts should be included in the diet for diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Depending on the severity of the disease, patients are prescribed diets numbered 10, 10 A, 10 C, 10 I, as well as potassium, vegetable-fruit, hyposodium, etc.

Diet table number 10 is assigned:

• with various heart defects;
• with atherosclerosis;
• after heart attacks;
• with rheumatism.

Compliance with this diet will help restore blood circulation, metabolic processes, as well as improve liver and kidney function. The main principles of diet table number 10 include the following:

1. The diet should be varied.
2. The exclusion of vegetable fiber from it.
3. The use of products that normalize fat metabolism.
4. Fractional meals (5-6 times) in small portions.
5. Mandatory use of products that contain alkaline compounds, vitamins, macro- and microelements.

A diet for cardiovascular diseases can be attributed to a complete diet. The main thing is that you can not eat foods that contain substances that stimulate the nervous system, such as strong teas, coffee or fatty broths. The daily calorie content is 2800 kcal. Food with a minimum salt content. It should be boiled, baked or steamed.

Allowed products for diseases of the heart and blood vessels

A fairly common question: "What can I eat with cardiovascular diseases?" The main products of nutritionists include the following:

1. Bread made from wheat flour or bran (slightly dried), white or gray crackers, as well as a biscuit made from unbaked dough.
2. Soups from vegetables, cereals or dairy with a minimum salt content.
3. From meat it is better to choose rabbit, lean beef or veal. Poultry - turkey or chicken. From fish - bream, cod, pike perch or carp.
4. Vegetables are eaten boiled, raw or baked.
5. Cereal porridge.
6. Macaroni as a side dish.
7. Be sure to include fresh salads in the diet, as well as salads with seafood.
8. You can eat cabbage and potatoes, but in very limited quantities.
9. Dairy products.
10. Chicken eggs, but no more than two pieces per day.
11. Raw or processed fruits, dried fruits.
12. Weakly brewed coffee with the addition of milk, weak tea, compotes, jelly or self-made juices.

Prohibited foods for cardiovascular diseases

There are a lot of contraindications for cardiovascular diseases. They are also found in food. For example, this applies to salinity, liquids and animal fats.

Prohibited foods for cardiovascular diseases include:

• fatty meat broths;
• fried foods;
• salinity and conservation;
• legumes;
• liver;
• sausages, smoked meats;
• mushrooms;
• sweet products;
• confectionery and chocolate;
• spicy food and condiments;
• garlic;
• radish;
• sorrel;
• strong coffee;
• cocoa;
• carbonated water.

Daily diet for diseases of the heart and blood vessels

The menu for cardiovascular diseases can be quite varied and satisfying. After a few days, the first improvements can be seen. And after a few weeks, the body will get used to proper nutrition.

If you stick to the therapeutic diet number 10, you can make such a menu for one day:

1. Breakfast. Any milk porridge, a piece of bread with butter and tea with milk.
2. Dinner. Vegetable soup, steamed chicken meatballs, boiled rice, baked apple, tea.
3. afternoon tea. Milk omelette, apple and carrot salad, rosehip broth.
4. Dinner. Cottage cheese or buckwheat casserole, any vegetable cutlets, jelly.
5. Before going to bed, it is better to drink something from fermented milk products or juice.

Other diets for diseases of the heart and blood vessels

There are several more types of diets for diseases of the cardiovascular system:

1. Diet 10 A. Used for problems with blood circulation. The daily number of calories is 2000. The consumption of liquids, fiber, fats, proteins and carbohydrates is minimized. The diet should include vegetable, fish or meat soups, fruit and vegetable purees, fermented milk products. It is worth excluding fatty, salty, smoked and fried foods, mushrooms.
2. It is prescribed for hypertension with obvious edema. There is a complete rejection of salt and sodium. Food should be rich in potassium. The patient is prescribed
3. Magnesium diet is prescribed for high blood pressure and cholesterol. It is a diuretic, fights various inflammations. Diet number 10 is taken as the basis, but with a greater predominance of foods containing magnesium.
4. The hyposodium diet has a positive effect on the central nervous system, kidneys, and also stabilizes blood pressure. Here, the restrictions apply to salt, liquid, refined carbohydrates.
5. The Kempner diet refers to potassium. It is necessary to sharply reduce the consumption of fats, proteins and sodium. It is allowed to eat unsalted rice porridge without milk - twice a day, drink 6 glasses of compote. But the duration of such a diet cannot exceed four days.

1. Fish consumption. Fish oil has a positive effect on heart function.
2. Inclusion in the diet of lean meat and poultry. It is better to use white meats.
3. Mandatory consumption of fruits, vegetables, berries and cereals. They are rich in fiber.
4. From dairy and sour-milk products, you need to choose only low-fat ones.
5. Salt intake should be reduced.
6. The diet should be filled with foods high in potassium.
7. It is better to completely refuse flour and confectionery products.
8. Avoid soft drinks.
9. Fast food is strictly prohibited.
10. As a salad dressing, unrefined sunflower oil is the best option.
11. If you are overweight, you need to lose weight.
12. It is worth getting rid of bad habits.
13. Bowel control. If constipation occurs, increase the intake of foods rich in fiber.

Nutrition for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels

There are several types of cardiovascular diseases. Each of them requires a different approach:

Atherosclerosis. This chronic disease negatively affects the arteries. Cholesterol begins to accumulate in them and plaques form. They obstruct the flow of blood. This is facilitated by malnutrition, tobacco use, as well as high blood pressure. It is important to respond in time to all the negative manifestations of this disease, because every third heart attack ends in death.

Preventive measures include proper nutrition. If you follow a diet, you can stop the rapid development of the disease, because the vessels will remain clean and healthy.

With atherosclerosis, food can be varied. Fatty meat is replaced with poultry, fish or legumes. At one meal, the amount of these products should not exceed 100 g. Fast food, sausages and chips should be discarded. The same applies to the liver. Food is steamed or baked in the oven.

The main permitted products for atherosclerosis, doctors include:

• dairy and dairy-free cereals;
• wholemeal bread;
• low-fat dairy and sour-milk products;
• at least 400 g of vegetables and fruits per day;
• fish and seafood;
• dry fruits and nuts (almonds or walnuts);
• green teas, compotes and natural juices.

With coronary heart disease, there is a severe decrease in blood flow to the heart. These include heart failure, heart attack, or angina pectoris.

The reason is the same atherosclerosis, so the diet will be aimed at its prevention. If the patient develops edema or shortness of breath, salt should be completely abandoned. The daily water intake is no more than 800 ml.

Eggplant caviar with vegetables

• eggplant - 200 g;
• medium head of onion;
• puree from the pulp of one tomato;
• a little sunflower oil;
• greenery;
• a teaspoon of sugar;
• a pinch of salt.

Cooking:

1. Wash vegetables.
2. Bake eggplant in the oven, peel and chop.
3. Finely chop the onion and lightly fry in oil, add tomato puree.
4. Put the eggplant and simmer for half an hour.
5. Before serving, add sugar and salt and sprinkle with chopped herbs.

Vegetable borscht

Cooking Ingredients:

• potatoes - 200 g;
• cabbage - 150 g;
• beets - 150 g;
• medium head of onion
• one small carrot;
• a small parsley root;
• the pulp of one tomato;
• dill and parsley;
• flour - 25 g;
• butter - 25 g;
• low-fat sour cream - 20 g;
• liter of vegetable broth;
• a teaspoon of sugar.

Cooking:

1. Shred cabbage and put into boiling vegetable broth.
2. Stew the grated beets and add to the cabbage.
3. Cut the potatoes into cubes, dip into the broth, cook for 10 minutes.
4. Saute chopped onions, parsley and carrots in butter. Add tomato puree, flour and leave on fire for another five minutes. Put in a saucepan.
5. Season with sugar and leave to cook for another 10 minutes.
6. It can be served at the table, and sour cream with herbs is used as a dressing.

Milk strawberry soup

Cooking Ingredients:

• half a liter of milk;
• strawberries - 150 g;
• 20 g of sugar;
• yolk of one egg;
• potato starch - 15 g.

Cooking process:

1. The yolk must be mixed with starch and sugar.
2. Add 25 ml of milk to the mixture.
3. Boil the rest of the milk and slowly pour into the egg mixture. Mix everything and pass through a sieve.
4. Mash half of the berries into a puree and mix with the milk mixture. The rest will be needed for decoration, they are laid out on top of the dish before serving.

Carrot soup

Cooking Ingredients:

• half a liter of milk;
• half a kilo of carrots;
• 100 g semolina;
• one chicken egg;
• 25 g butter;
• liter of water;
• a spoonful of sugar.

Cooking:

1. Carrots need to be boiled, peeled and chopped on a fine grater.
2. Bring water to a boil and slowly add semolina. Be sure to stir so that no lumps form. Cook cereals for no more than 10 minutes.
3. Add carrots with sugar to the porridge, wait for the boil again.
4. Beat the egg with milk and pour into the resulting puree soup.
5. Divide between bowls and add oil before serving.

Cauliflower with sauce

Cooking Ingredients:

• half a kilo of cauliflower;
• 20 g breadcrumbs;
• 25 g butter.

Cooking:

1. Rinse the cauliflower well and cut into florets.
2. Boil vegetables in salted water for a few minutes.
3. Melt the butter in a water bath and add the croutons.
4. Before serving, pour over the resulting mixture of cabbage.

As you can see, the diet for cardiovascular diseases can be quite diverse.

A healthy and well-chosen diet is an important factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

A healthy diet and lifestyle can reduce your risk of:

Heart disease - such as heart attacks and strokes;
- conditions or symptoms that lead to heart disease, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity;
- other chronic health problems, such as type 2 diabetes. .

- Fruits and vegetables. Most fruits and vegetables are an important part of a heart-healthy diet. They are good sources of fiber, vitamins and minerals. Most of them are low in fat, calories, sodium (salt) and cholesterol (or cholesterol - this is an organic compound, a natural fatty alcohol found in the cell membranes of most living organisms. Cholesterol is insoluble in water, it dissolves in fats and organic solvents. About 80% of cholesterol is produced by the body itself - the liver, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, gonads), the remaining 20% ​​comes from food. Cholesterol is necessary for the production of vitamin D and the production of steroid hormones by the adrenal glands - cortisol, aldosterone, female and male sex hormones estrogens, progesterone and testosterone. Plays an important role in the activity of brain synapses and the immune system, including protection against cancer). We recommend eating five or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day.

- grains and cereals.Dietitians recommend eating lean: bread, cereals, crackers, rice, pasta, and starchy vegetables (eg, peas, potatoes, corn, beans). These foods are high in vitamins, iron, fiber, minerals, complex carbohydrates, and low in fat and bad cholesterol.

Eat six or more servings of grains a day, including and especially whole grains. However, be careful not to consume too many grains: this will contribute to rapid weight gain.
Avoid the consumption of baked goods - such as loaves, rolls, cheese crackers, croissants, as well as cream sauces for pasta and pureed soups.

- Consuming healthy protein. Meat, poultry, seafood, peas, lentils, nuts, and eggs are good sources of protein, B vitamins, iron, and other vitamins and minerals.

If the patient suffers from cardiovascular diseases, he should avoid the consumption of duck, goose, beef steak, cuts of meat with a high fat content, organ meats - such as kidneys, liver, spleen, lungs, heart and meat products - such as sausage, hot- Great Danes and all high-fat meats.

Consume no more than 150-200 g of cooked meat, poultry and fish daily. One serving of these foods should be on a plate about the size of a plastic card.
Eat two servings of fish per week.

- Separation of all visible fat from meat before cooking. Baking the meat, lightly browning it, steaming it, boiling it, or cooking it in the microwave is much better than frying it.

For the main first course, use less meat or let the meat be lean, in portions, several times a week. Use less meat to reduce the overall fat content of the food.
Use turkey, skinless chicken or fish, or lean red meat to reduce the amount of saturated fat in your diet. Sometimes you can eat 85 grams of lean red meat.

Try to use no more than three or four egg yolks per week, including eggs used in cooking.

Minimize or avoid organ meats (including beef, pork, or lamb liver) and shellfish (such as shrimp and lobster).

Milk and other dairy products are a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins: niacin, riboflavin, A and D. It is useful to use skimmed or 1% milk. Cheese, yogurt, buttermilk (a by-product of milk processing obtained from the production of butter from cow's milk; a concentrate of biologically active and deficient substances) should be low in fat or fat free.

- Fats, oils, and cholesterol. A diet high in saturated fat causes bad cholesterol to build up in the arteries (blood vessels). Cholesterol can cause clogged or blocked arteries. This puts the patient at risk of heart attack, stroke and other serious health problems. We strongly recommend avoiding or limiting foods high in saturated fat in your diet.

Foods high in saturated fat are animal products such as butter, cheese, whole cow's milk, ice cream, sour cream, lard, and fatty meats such as bacon or many parts of lamb.
Some vegetable oils (coconut, palm, etc.) also contain saturated fats. These fats remain solid at room temperature.

Use no more than 5-8 teaspoons of fats or oils per day for salads, hot meals, and baked goods. You need to eat no more than 300 mg of cholesterol per day (one egg yolk contains an average of 213 mg of cholesterol). Some fats are better than others, but you should still use them in moderation.

- Margarine and butter. It is better to choose soft or liquid margarine (from liquid vegetable oil as the first ingredient). Better yet, choose "light" margarines that list water as the first ingredient. This margarine is better than saturated fats.
Avoid hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated fats (you need to read the ingredients on the label and do not take products containing such fats).

Trans fatty acids are unhealthy fats that cause vegetable oil to harden. They are often used to keep food fresh for a long time and for cooking in cafes and fast food restaurants.

Trans fats can raise the level of "bad" cholesterol in the blood. Trans fats can also lower your “good” cholesterol levels.
We strongly recommend avoiding fried foods, store-bought baked goods (donuts, cookies, crackers), processed foods, and hard margarines.

It is helpful to consult a nutritionist. We recommend cores to maintain their "ideal" body weight and try to balance the number of calories that are consumed every day. The patient can ask the nutritionist questions about what kind of food would be most acceptable and healthy for him. We advise all people suffering from cardiovascular disease to limit their intake of foods that are high in calories or low in nutrients, including sugary drinks, jams and sweets that contain a lot of sugar.
You need to eat no more than 2400 mg of sodium (edible salt) per day. You can cut back on salt by reducing the amount of salt you add to food at the table. It's also good to limit salt in cooked foods - for example, canned vegetables, fish and soups, cured meats, and some frozen meals. Always check food labels for sodium (salt) content per serving.

Hearts need to eliminate alcohol from the diet or at least significantly reduce its consumption.