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Esaul corresponds to what military rank. Cossack ranks, ranks and shoulder straps. Regulations on the Cossack ranks

Cossack ranks- these are ranks (ranks) personally assigned to military personnel and persons liable for military service (including Cossacks on benefits) in accordance with their military and special training, official position, merits, length of service, belonging to the Cossack army.

Story

The first ranks (positions) among the Cossacks () - hetman, ataman, clerk, centurion, foreman - were elected.

The later appearance of ranks in the Cossack troops (colonel, military judge, captain, and so on) refers to the XV-XVI centuries, which was associated with the development of the military organization of the Cossacks as troops.

In the Russian army, ranks were first introduced in the middle of the 16th century in the archery army. The last Russian tsar and the first all-Russian emperor Peter I established a unified system of military, civil and court ranks, which was finally fixed in 1722 in the "Table of Ranks". The ranks corresponded to a certain class, the eldest of which was the first class.

At the end of the 18th century, officer ranks of the Cossack troops were included in the Table of Ranks.

In 1828, under Emperor Nicholas I, the Cossack troops introduced one system all ranks (military ranks). By that time, the Cossacks had the following ranks:

headquarters officers (senior officers) - colonel, lieutenant colonel and military foreman;
chief officers (junior officers) - captain, centurion, cornet;
lower ranks - sergeant major, officer, orderly and Cossack (private).

In the future, this system of ranks (military positions - ranks) in the Cossack troops did not tolerate any more changes. In 1880, the rank of cadet was introduced.

In 1884, the rank of lieutenant colonel was replaced by the rank of military foreman, which previously corresponded to the army major, and the rank of podesaul was introduced, equal to the headquarters captain in the army cavalry.

ranks

Cossack

On the lowest rung of the service ladder of the Cossack army stood ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an infantry rank and file.

orderly

orderly had one tab and matched corporal in the infantry, Ukrainian - Iconic.

constable

The ranks of junior officer and senior officer corresponded to junior non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer, respectively; the number of stripes is also characteristic of the modern sergeants, Ukrainian - Young vistun, Vistun, Senior vistun.

Wahmister

Wahmister- the next rank, which was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry, Ukrainian - Young Chotar,Chotar, Elder Chotar.

Podhorunzhiy

According to the regulation of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was the “subhorunzhy”, which corresponded to the rank of ensign in the infantry (ensign in the modern army) and was introduced only in wartime. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only in reserve. Podkhorunzhiy did not belong to the officer rank and was the most senior non-commissioned officer rank.

The first officer rank in the infantry, only in wartime and for the militia, was the rank of "ensign", which corresponds to the modern rank of "junior lieutenant", Ukrainian - Pidhorunzhiy.

cornet

cornet- the next degree, in fact, the primary chief officer rank, corresponds to a second lieutenant in the infantry or a cornet in the cavalry. According to his official position, he corresponds to a lieutenant in the modern army, wore shoulder straps with a blue gap on a silver field (the applied color of the Don Army) with two stars, Ukrainian - cornet.

centurion

centurion- chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to a lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion wore shoulder straps of the same design, but with three stars, corresponding in his position to the modern senior lieutenant. He commanded fifty, Ukrainian - centurion.

Podsaul

Podsaul was an assistant or deputy captain, commanded a Cossack hundred. Shoulder straps had the same design as that of the centurion, but with four stars. According to his official position, he corresponds to a modern captain. This rank was introduced in 1884. In the regular troops, it corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain, Ukrainian - Pidosavul.

Esaul

Esauly were general, military, regimental, hundreds, stanitsa, marching and artillery. General Yesaul (two per Army) - the highest rank after the hetman. In peacetime, general captains performed inspection functions, in war they commanded several regiments, and in the absence of a hetman, the entire Army. But this is typical only for the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Ukrainian - Osawul.

Troop captains were chosen on the Military Circle (in the Don and most others - two for the Army, in the Volga and Orenburg - one each). Dealt with administrative matters. Since 1835, they were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman.

Regimental captains(originally two per regiment) performed the duties of staff officers, were the closest assistants to the regiment commander. Hundreds of Yesauls (one per hundred) commanded hundreds. This link did not take root in the Don Cossacks after the first centuries of the existence of the Cossacks. The stanitsa Yesauls were typical only for the Don Cossacks. They were chosen at stanitsa gatherings and were assistants to stanitsa atamans.

Hiking captains(usually two per Army) were chosen when going on a campaign. They performed the functions of assistants to the marching ataman, in the XVI - XVII centuries in his absence, they commanded the army, later they were the executors of the orders of the marching ataman.

Artillery captain(one per Army) reported to the chief of artillery and carried out his orders.

General, regimental, stanitsa and other Yesauls were gradually abolished.

Only the military esaul was preserved under the military ataman of the Cossack army.

In 1798-1800. the rank of captain was equated to the rank of captain in the cavalry.

Yesaul, as a rule, commanded (on behalf of the senior chief) a detachment from one to several hundred. Corresponded to the official position of the modern major. He wore shoulder straps with one clearance without stars.

Army foreman

Name military foreman came from the ancient name of the executive body of the Cossacks. In the second half of the 18th century, this name, in a modified form, spread to persons who commanded certain branches of the Cossack army. Since 1754, the military foreman was equated with a major, and with the abolition of this rank in 1884, with a lieutenant colonel. He wore shoulder straps with two blue gaps on a silver field and three stars (until 1884 - with two stars), Ukrainian - Viyskova foreman.

Colonel

Colonel- shoulder straps are the same as those of a military foreman, but without stars with two gaps or epaulettes. The highest headquarters officer rank in the Cossack troops. Assigned to regimental commanders, Ukrainian - Colonel.

Ataman Camping

Ataman Marching - shoulder straps are the same as those of the generals. The rank was assigned in wartime to the generals of the Cossack troops in each army; they were watching correct use and saving the Cossack troops.

Ataman of the Military Punishment

Ataman of the Military Punishment. The rank was assigned to the chiefs of the military and civil administration of the Don, Siberian, Caucasian and Amur Cossack troops.

Ataman Nakaznoy

The rank was assigned to the chiefs of the military and civil administration in the Terek, Kuban, Astrakhan, Ural, Semirechensk, Transbaikal, Amur and Ussuri Cossack troops.

August Ataman of all Cossack Troops

An honorary rank assigned from 1827 to the Heir to the Tsarevich before his accession to the throne.

Hetman

Hetman- the traditional title of leaders. In April-December 1918 - the title of the post of head of the Ukrainian State.

Modern Cossack ranks in Russia

Main article: State Register Cossack societies Russian Federation

lower ranks

Cossack, Prikazny, Junior officer, Officer, Senior officer

junior ranks

Junior Wahmister, Wahmister, Senior Wahmister.

senior ranks

Podhorunzhy, Cornet, Centurion, Podesaul.

Since ancient times, the Cossacks have always been associated with some kind of romance, and most people considered the Cossacks to be something like fearless knights. But, unfortunately, few people know that it was a fairly serious organization in which there were certain titles. At first glance, this seems to be an uncharacteristic phenomenon in the Middle Ages. Then there were also Cossack ranks and ranks that can be compared with analogues in the Russian army.

In the Cossacks, the titles received and the rights assigned were carried out more carefully than in some units of the modern army.

Ranks, titles, shoulder straps

Initially, all titles were assigned exclusively by choice. But over time, military affairs developed, and various changes and innovations took place. As a result of this, a provision was formed on the Cossack ranks, in which all kinds of insignia were regulated in an understandable form. Subsequently, the interaction between the existing units and the regular army was greatly simplified, and the effectiveness of all troops only benefited from this.

This situation had a good effect on the general spirit of the army and the results of the hostilities, which were carried out by the joint forces of the Cossacks and the army.

At first, representatives of the Cossacks were against such innovations, but over time, everyone positive sides such changes influenced their opinions in favor of changing the points of view put forward.

Because otherwise there was a possibility of dismissal from the service.

Lower Lineups

The lowest rank was the title of an ordinary Cossack, who had no stripes on his shoulder straps. If we draw an analogy with the modern army, this is an ordinary private and his duties were exactly the same.

The next in the hierarchy followed the "order" with shoulder straps, on which there was one stripe. The rank corresponds to the modern corporal and the assigned duties were identical.

The constable is an analogue of a sergeant, and a rank with three ranks was assigned (senior, junior). Shoulder straps were the same as those of a modern employee - two stripes (junior), the constable had three stripes, and the senior in rank wore one big one.

The rank of officer not only corresponds to the sergeant counterpart, but the duties were similar. They addressed such employees as "Mr. constable", regardless of his rank.

This concludes the junior composition of the ranks of the Cossacks in the Russian Empire.

Junior squads

With the development of the Cossack army, new ranks and positions were added. Accordingly, the junior command staff looked like this:

Junior wahmister.
Wahmister
Senior wahmister.

If we draw an analogy with the regular army, these ranks are identical to the ensign.

A person with one of the above ranks worked as an assistant commander to provide the Cossacks with all the necessary supplies, and his duties also included monitoring the internal routine.

The shoulder straps of the sergeant-major were decorated with one longitudinal stripe for a junior employee. When the rank was increased, two stars were given out. The senior sergeant-major had shoulder straps with three stars.

Traditionally, the rank could only be addressed as "Mr. Wahmister", regardless of the seniority of the rank.

senior team

The command structure of the Cossacks is more diverse than the above ranks, and the list of ranks then looked like this:

Podhorunzhy.
cornet.
Centurion.
Podesaul.

The first two ranks in the Cossacks are an analogue of the modern junior lieutenant and lieutenant.

The centurion was equated with the army senior lieutenant.

Such employees ensured the combat effectiveness of their troops in the same way as the regular army.

The podesaul was like a captain and his duties included the same provisions as in the army of the Russian Empire.

The epaulettes of an employee in the rank of cadet were decorated with one long star, which was located in parallel, and there was also one small star on it. Appeal to the rank - "Mr.

A Cossack with the title of "cornet" wore a similar long stripe, which is divided into two identical stars. The centurion had three stars.

The podesaul wore shoulder straps with four stars, which were separated by one long strip, and two were located on it. They addressed this rank - "your honor."

We have just examined the senior Cossack ranks, which, in comparison with the modern army, are officers. Therefore, the attitude towards such employees should be appropriate.

Dominant ranks

The main composition of the Cossacks was determined by the following ranks:

Esaul (major).
Military foreman (lieutenant colonel).
Cossack Colonel (Colonel).

The first rank had one longitudinal shoulder strap without stars. The foreman had two parallel stripes, on which three stars were placed.

The Cossack colonel wore shoulder straps with two longitudinal stripes without stars. Then they turned to the higher staff as “your honor”, because it was impossible to start a conversation with the higher officers in a different way. Employees from this category led large troops during the conduct of hostilities, as well as in peacetime.

The highest rank in the Cossacks

The highest commanding staff in the Cossack troops was determined by only one rank - the Cossack general.

It was the highest rank in the army, and orders from this man were the most important, not to mention non-negotiable.

Shoulder straps did not have any stripes, they only had two stars and that's it. This concludes the consideration of the Cossack ranks.

Cossack ranks in the Russian Federation. Insignia on uniform.

Correspondence table of military ranks of the Russian army and Cossack ranks

Military rank	Shoulder strap RA	Cossack rank	Cossack shoulder strap

colonel		Cossack colonel
		military foreman

		subaul
senior lieutenant
lieutenant
Ensign
Senior Warrant Officer		senior sergeant major
ensign		sergeant major
		junior sergeant major
staff Sergeant		senior sergeant
sergeant
Lance Sergeant		junior officer
corporal

Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 9, 2010 N 169
"On the ranks of members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation"

In accordance with the Federal Law of December 5, 2005 N 154-FZ "On the Public Service of the Russian Cossacks" I decide:

1. Establish the following ranks of members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation:

a) Cossack, orderly, junior officer, officer, senior officer - lower ranks;

b) junior sergeant, sergeant, senior sergeant - junior ranks;

c) podkhorunzhy, cornet, centurion, podesaul - senior ranks;

d) Yesaul, military foreman, Cossack colonel - the main ranks;

e) Cossack general - the highest rank.

2. Establish that the ranks named in paragraph 1 of this Decree refer to special ranks and are not class ranks of the state civil service of the Russian Federation or class ranks of the municipal service.

3. To approve the attached Regulations on the procedure for assigning ranks to members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.

4. Establish that the ranks and insignia for the ranks of persons who are not members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation cannot be similar to the ranks and insignia for the ranks of members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in Russian Federation, as well as confusingly similar to them.

5. This Decree shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

President of Russian Federation

D. Medvedev

Position
on the procedure for assigning ranks to members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation
(approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 9, 2010 N 169)

1. This Regulation determines the procedure for assigning ranks to members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as members of Cossack societies), in accordance with the length of service and based on the historical traditions of the Russian Cossacks.

2. The procedure for assigning ranks is established for all members of the Cossack societies who have undertaken obligations to perform state or other service.

3. The ranks of the members of the Cossack societies are assigned:

a) the highest - by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation for interaction with Cossack societies;

b) the main ones - in the manner determined by the President of the Russian Federation;

c) seniors and juniors - by the chieftain of the military Cossack society on the proposal of the chieftain of the district (departmental) Cossack society;

d) lower ones - by the ataman of the district (departmental) Cossack society on the proposal of the ataman of the district (yurt), city, village or farm Cossack society.

4. The presentation of the assignment of a rank to a member of the Cossack society is carried out in the form established by the authorized Government of the Russian Federation federal body executive power for interaction with the Cossack societies.

5. The presentation of the assignment of the main or highest rank to a member of a Cossack society is carried out in the form established by the federal executive body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation for interaction with Cossack societies in agreement with the Office of the President of the Russian Federation on issues public service and personnel and the Council under the President of the Russian Federation for the Cossacks.

6. To assign the next rank to a member of the Cossack society, the following terms of service are established:

a) from junior officer to officer - 6 months;

b) from a constable to a senior constable - 6 months;

c) from senior sergeant to junior sergeant - 6 months;

d) from junior sergeant to sergeant - 6 months;

a) ataman of the farm Cossack society - up to the centurion (inclusive);

b) ataman of the village, urban Cossack society - up to the Yesaul (inclusive);

c) ataman of the district (yurt) Cossack society - up to the military foreman (inclusive);

d) ataman of the district (departmental) Cossack society - up to the Cossack colonel (inclusive);

e) chieftain of the military Cossack society - up to the Cossack general (inclusive).

9. Deputies (comrades) of the atamans specified in paragraph 8 of this Regulation, the limit rank is assigned one step below the rank of ataman of the corresponding Cossack society.

10. The highest representative body (circle) of the military, district (departmental), district (yurt), city, stanitsa and farm Cossack society approves the structure of ranks corresponding to other positions in the Cossack society, not provided for in paragraph 8 of this Regulation.

11. The next rank is assigned to a member of the Cossack society on the day of the expiration of his term of service in the previous rank, if he occupies a position for which in due course a rank equal to the previous rank of a member of the Cossack society or higher is provided.

12. The next rank may be assigned to a member of the Cossack society ahead of schedule for special personal merits, but not higher than the rank provided for in the prescribed manner for the position he occupies in the Cossack society.

13. A member of the Cossack society (regardless of the position he occupies in the Cossack society) for a significant contribution to the revival of the Russian Cossacks may be assigned a rank one step higher than the rank of his position (but not higher than the main rank) in agreement with the relevant highest representative body (circle ) military, district (departmental), district (yurt), city, village or farm Cossack society. Forward

May 16th, 2017

Hello dear.
Yesterday we started the Cossack theme: I think we need to continue and expand :-) You never know - it will really be interesting for you.
True, let's talk about the time of the beginning of the 20th century, and not now. It will just be better that way.
By the time of the collapse of the Russian Empire, in addition to those Life Cossacks that we talked about last time, there were 11 Cossack troops, numbering about three million people, namely the Don Army, the Kuban Army, the Terek Army, the Orenburg Army, the Ural army, Siberian army, Semirechensk army, Transbaikal army, Amur army, Ussuri army, Astrakhan army. Well, plus 2 hundreds of Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk Cossacks.
A lot, agree.
We will talk about the specifics and the uniform and numerical differences of each of the troops in future posts, and today I want to slightly touch on the topic of Cossack ranks and some features of the Cossacks' attire.
First, about the ranks. By the decline of the empire, a three-tier system of Cossack ranks had developed:
- staff officers (senior officers)
- chief officers (junior officers)
- lower ranks

On the lowest rung of the service ladder stood a private Cossack, corresponding to an infantry rank and file.

Followed orderly, which had one little tab and corresponding to a corporal in the infantry.

The next rung on the career ladder is junior officer And senior sergeant. The ranks of junior officer and senior officer corresponded to junior non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer, respectively. In the modern Russian army, the rank of sergeant is similar to the rank of sergeant, and shoulder straps have two for the junior and three for the senior sergeant transverse stripes. The officer could command 26 horsemen (platoon).

Next came the rank sergeant major, who was not only in the Cossacks, but also in the non-commissioned officers of the cavalry and horse artillery. In the Russian army and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry. In the modern Cossacks, there are ranks of junior sergeant major (foreman), sergeant major (ensign) and senior sergeant major (senior ensign), which most clearly reflects the correspondence between the sergeants of the tsarist army and the current army ranks and positions.

The next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was sergeant, an intermediate rank between a lieutenant and warrant officer in the infantry, also introduced in wartime. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only for reserve officers. The first officer rank in the infantry, only in wartime and for the militia, was the rank of "ensign", which corresponds to the modern rank of junior lieutenant.

cornet- the next degree, in fact, the primary chief officer rank, corresponds to a second lieutenant in the infantry or a cornet in the cavalry. According to his official position, he corresponds to a lieutenant in the modern army.

A centurion is a chief officer rank in the Cossack troops, corresponding to a lieutenant in the regular army. The centurion corresponds in his position to the modern senior lieutenant. Commanded fifty.

The higher step podesaul. In the regular troops, he corresponded to the rank of staff captain and staff captain. The podesaul was an assistant or deputy to the Yesaul and in his absence he commanded a Cossack hundred. According to his official position, he also corresponds to the modern senior lieutenant.

And the highest rank of chief officer rank is Yesaul. Yesaul, as a rule, commanded (on behalf of the senior chief) a detachment from one to several hundred. Corresponded to the official position of the modern major.
Although in fact, this is a more complex title than it might seem at first glance. In general, initially the Yesauls were general, military, regimental, hundred, stanitsa, marching and artillery. By 1917, only the regimental and military units remained. Regimental - as a military rank, and military captains were chosen on the Military Circle (in the Don and most others - two per Army, in the Volga and Orenburg - one each). They were engaged in administrative affairs and were appointed as adjutants to the military ataman.

Next come the headquarters officers. In fact, the rank of Yesaul entered this rank, but de jure the first rank of headquarters officer ranks will be military foreman, which could be equated with an infantry lieutenant colonel.

Well, the highest headquarters officer rank in the Cossack troops is Colonel. Assigned to regimental commanders.

The ranks of generals in the Cossack troops corresponded to the combined arms. Although they had their own characteristics, or rather, not even titles, but features. First of all, rank Ataman Camping- shoulder straps are the same as those of the generals. The rank was assigned in wartime to the generals of the Cossack troops in each army; they oversaw the correct use and conservation of the Cossack troops.

Shoulder straps of the Major-General of the Ural Cossack troops

The chiefs of the military and civil administration of the Don, Siberian, Caucasian and Amur Cossack troops wore the rank Ataman of the Military Punishment, but in the Terek, Kuban, Astrakhan, Ural and Semirechensk troops it was simply called Ataman Troop.

A. Kaledin Ataman of the Don Troops

In the event of a shortage of officers with sufficient educational and professional level to replace a command position, a Cossack with a lower rank and level of education and training could be appointed to this position. In this case, he could receive an administrative rank, otherwise - an ordinary rank. The entire period that the Cossack served in this position, he enjoyed all the rights and benefits of this rank, but after leaving his position, the Cossack returned to the rank he had previously worn. The shoulder straps of ordinary ranks differed from the usual ones by the presence of one transverse silver stripe on the lower or upper edge of the shoulder strap.

As elsewhere in the empire, there was a title system, i.e. appeals to the ranks. So, the chief officers were titled "Nobility", the staff officers - "High Nobility", Well, the generals from "Highness" to "High Excellency". Persons who bore a count or princely title, regardless of rank, were titled "Your Excellency."

Ussuri Cossack Prince P. Bermondt-Avalov

Well, a few words about the features of clothing and weapons of the Cossacks. It should be noted that the Cossacks borrowed some of the clothes and equipment from the soldiers of the Caucasus. For example, a Cossack attribute was a Circassian coat - collarless outerwear with long skirts and special holders for cartridges on the chest (gazyri.). The Cossacks wore a beshmet shirt with a standing collar, a cloak (cloak) made of goatskin, and special shoes - flexible leather chuvyaks.

The main attributes, of course, were a headdress, shoulder straps, a hood and a stripe.
The headdress was made according to a special pattern. Initially, it was a cylindrical hood, then a hat, and then (in the 19th century) a cap, a sign of legal full rights. Cossacks of non-combatant ages wore a cap without a cockade. On the “Circle”, a Cossack was required to wear a hat, while non-Cossacks had to attend the council with their heads uncovered.

Shoulder straps were an integral part of the clothes of a Cossack of combat age, and officer shoulder straps, galloons and chevrons were allowed to be worn for life.
A hood is a pointed hood with long ends for wrapping around the neck, which was worn over a headdress. By the way the cap was tied, it was possible to find out the age of the Cossack: tied on the chest it meant that the Cossack had served military service, crossed on the chest said that he was in the service, and if the ends were beaten thrown behind his back, the Cossack was on vacation.

Well, the stripes are wide firmware, a multi-colored strip along the outer seam of the trousers, in full length. Even the nomads of the Great Steppe covered the side seam of their pants with a leather stripe. Among the Cossacks, it meant belonging to the Cossack estate, and its color indicated belonging to the army. Lampas has become a symbol of exemption from all types of government payments.

The main armament of ordinary Cossacks in the 20th century can be considered a saber, pike and rifle.

Checkers were made at the Zlatoust arms factory and were High Quality. The checker had a steel two-lobed blade of slight curvature, sharpened on both sides; a hilt consisting of two cheeks of a buffalo horn, fastened to the blade with three rivets, passed through a hole in the cheeks and stem of the blade (the handle went into the sheath up to the head); sheath made of wood, covered with patent leather, with three metal clips and a tip (from the bottom clip to the end of the sheath could be covered with wax cloth - canvas soaked in wax and yar). The checker reached a length of 920 mm with a blade length of 750 mm and a width of 35 mm. The "grandfather's" weapon allowed in 1909 was also in wide use, satisfying modern requirements, Caucasian drafts of the Asian sample (with bone handles of the usual type).

A distinctive feature of the pike, which had been supplied to the troops since 1901, was a trihedral knife spear (with a three-lobed blade) made of hardened steel. It was mounted on the shaft into a deeper tube, covering it, in addition, with three blades of different lengths, which had holes at the ends, through which the spear was fixed on the shaft with screws, and an injection ring was mounted on top. The pike had an underflow, a leg strap and a leather lanyard. The staff was painted in black or protective color in the troops, in the guard - in red, light blue, crimson and yellow (according to the dress uniform). The length of the peak reached 2800 mm and weighed 2.4 kg.

The Cossack three-line rifle of the 1891 model, designed by S. I. Mosin, surpassed foreign models of that time in its qualities. It was distinguished by a simple and convenient shutter, an original magazine, had a combat rate of fire of 10-12 rounds per minute at a range of 2000 m, the best result from 400 m. In 1910, a new aiming frame was installed on the rifle, proposed by V.P. Konovalov.

The officers had a greater variety of edged weapons (which is natural), but this is perhaps a topic for a separate discussion. Here are the golden Georgievsky and Annensky award checkers, guards sabers, Caucasian checkers of various designs, daggers, etc. Although in general, the officers of the Cossack troops received checkers of the 1910 model. They differed from previous models in a black plastic or wooden handle with transverse grooves, a convex monogram depicting the name of the emperor, in whose reign the first officer rank was received. The total length of the weapon is 950 mm with a blade length of 780 mm and a width of 30 mm.

For the Terek and Kuban Cossack troops, officer weapons of the Caucasian and Asian type were installed.
Asian sabers with a total length of 900 mm were made of cast steel, with a handle made of wood or buffalo horn with upper and lower tips and middle piping, a wooden scabbard covered with black leather, with a device (upper mouth, two nuts and a tip).
Caucasian drafts reached a length of 750 mm and differed in that their sheath had a bell in the upper part, into which the handle was placed up to the upper tip.

All checkers were decorated in brass or white metal The device was equipped with special drawings established by orders, the monogram image of Nicholas II was stamped on the upper tips of the handles, the monogram image of the name of the emperor, in whose reign the first officer rank was received, was engraved on the blades, on the other hand, the state emblem.

Also, since 1896, military officers, sergeants, sergeants (plus the Cossacks of the Imperial convoy) received a seven-shot three-line revolver of the Nagant system - reliable and powerful. The troops used revolvers of two types - with double-action triggers (officers) and single action (soldiers). In the latter, a detail was included in the design that prevented self-cocking firing. The revolver had a caliber of 7.62 mm, a total length of 234 mm with a barrel length of 114 mm and weighed 750 g.

To be continued...
Have a nice time of the day.

Cossack ranks

Cossack ranks- these are ranks (ranks) personally assigned to military personnel and persons liable for military service (including Cossacks on benefits) in accordance with their military and special training, official position, merits, length of service, belonging to the Cossack army.

STORY

The first ranks (positions) among the Cossacks, the so-called Cossack foreman (Don, Zaporozhye, and so on) - ataman, hetman, clerk, kantary, centurion, foreman - were elected.

The later appearance of ranks in the Cossack troops (colonel, ataman, military clerk, military judge, captain, and so on) refers to the XV-XVI centuries, which was associated with the development of the military organization of the Cossacks as troops.

In the Russian army, ranks were first introduced in the middle of the 16th century in the archery army.

The city Cossacks of the Russian state in the 16th-18th centuries were in the "device" at their head, which recruited them for service. The Cossack "head" was directly subordinate to the city governor or siege "head". The normal composition of the "device" was estimated at 500 people. "Instruments" were divided into hundreds, which were in the "order" of the centurions. Hundreds, in turn, were subdivided into fifty (led by Pentecostals) and tens (led by foremen). The rights and obligations of officials of the city Cossacks corresponded to the functions of the same officials among the archers. The Cossacks stationed in the cities received the name of the city where they were settled. The Cossacks who entered the service in detachments (stanitsa) retained their elected chieftains, who were subordinate to the Cossack "head" or the city governor. Guard Cossacks stood apart, often obeying their separate “head”. The rank of an ordinary guard Cossack was higher than the rank of a Pentecostal city Cossack. Cossack atamans, "heads", centurions and sentry Cossacks were equated with "children of the boyars" and received not only money, but also land plots for their service.

The last Russian tsar and the first all-Russian emperor Peter I established a unified system of military, civil and court ranks, which was finally fixed in 1722 in the "Table of Ranks". The ranks corresponded to a certain class, the eldest of which was the first class.

At the end of the 18th century, officer ranks of the Cossack troops were included in the Table of Ranks.

In 1828, under Emperor Nicholas I, a unified system of all ranks (military ranks) was introduced in the Cossack troops. By that time, the Cossacks had the following ranks:

headquarters officers (senior officers) - colonel, lieutenant colonel and military foreman;
lower ranks - sergeant major, officer, orderly and Cossack (private).

In the future, this system of ranks (military positions - ranks) in the Cossack troops did not tolerate any more changes. In 1880, the rank of cadet was introduced.

In 1884, the rank of lieutenant colonel was replaced by the rank of military foreman, which previously corresponded to the army major, and the rank of podesaul was introduced, equal to the headquarters captain in the army cavalry.

IN Russian Empire persons from the Cossack estate, performing during the service the duties of the corresponding Cossack officers, but not having the right to be promoted to military rank, were called "zauryad-khorunzhiy", "zauryad-centurion", "zauryad-esaul". For example, the rank of "common cornet" was given to sergeants and sergeants for military distinctions. On the shoulder straps of the cornet, they had “on the top” of the shoulder strap, across it, stripes of the rank from which they were promoted to officer rank. From regular Cossack officers, ordinary officers were also distinguished by some details of uniforms - the absence of officer lanyards, officer galloon on belts, etc.

Ranks

COSSACK

On the lowest rung of the service ladder of the Cossack army stood ordinary Cossack, corresponding to an infantry rank and file.

MANDATORY

orderly had one tab and matched corporal in the infantry.

OVERVIEWER

The ranks of junior officer and senior officer corresponded to junior non-commissioned officer and senior non-commissioned officer, respectively. In the modern Russian army, the rank of sergeant is similar to the rank of sergeant, and shoulder straps have two for the junior and three for the senior sergeant transverse stripes. The officer could command 26 horsemen (platoon). The Cossack constable is the hero of the song "There, beyond the river."

WAHMISTR

In the Russian cavalry and gendarmerie, the sergeant-major was the closest assistant to the commander of a hundred, squadron, battery for drill, internal order and economic affairs. The rank of sergeant major corresponded to the rank of sergeant major in the infantry. In the modern Cossacks, there are ranks of junior sergeant major (foreman), sergeant major (ensign) and senior sergeant major (senior ensign), which most clearly reflects the correspondence between the sergeants of the tsarist army and the current army ranks and positions.

PODCHORUNZHY

According to the regulation of 1884, introduced by Alexander III, the next rank in the Cossack troops, but only for wartime, was the “subhorunzhy”, which corresponded to the rank of ensign in the infantry (approximately equal to the ensign in the modern army) and was introduced only in wartime. In peacetime, in addition to the Cossack troops, these ranks existed only in reserve. Podkhorunzhiy did not belong to the officer rank and was the most senior non-commissioned officer rank.

The first officer rank in the infantry, only in wartime and for the militia, was the rank of "ensign", which corresponds to the modern rank of "junior lieutenant".