home > All about plumbing > What are wooden frame houses made of? Do-it-yourself frame construction or a “dream house” for little money (51 photos). Foundation device: mzfl and pile-screw

What are wooden frame houses made of? Do-it-yourself frame construction or a “dream house” for little money (51 photos). Foundation device: mzfl and pile-screw

The frame house, first of all, is associated with affordable housing. However, not everyone has a complete understanding of the features of the technology. Construction is surrounded by myths and conflicting facts. We will understand what the essence of the method is, describe popular frame solutions and give an objective assessment of prefabricated structures, referring to design aspects and user reviews.

The concept of frame construction

The budget option for building a house is especially popular in the USA and European countries. However, prefabricated lightweight structures are increasingly chosen by compatriots.

The essence of technology is defined by its name. The framework is the basis assembled from wooden supports or metal profiles. The post-beam structure is mounted on a prepared foundation, and the voids in the wall plane of the frame are sheathed with heat-efficient materials.

Insulation, vapor and waterproofing are laid between the outer and inner walls. The facade of the house is lined with finishing material: plaster or siding. OSB boards, cement-bonded mats or durable plywood are used as sheathing. The role of a heat insulator is performed by mineral wool or fibreboard - “warm wood”.

A simple building is able to withstand natural vagaries, mechanical shocks and serve not just as a temporary country house, but as a full-fledged year-round housing. The service life of frame houses largely depends on the quality of the raw materials and compliance with the construction technology.

Features of prefabricated buildings

Frame houses are a relatively new direction in construction. Therefore, there are many myths and conjectures around innovative technology and the operation of a “lightweight” building. We will try to separate far-fetched prejudices from real facts, distinguishing between the strengths and weaknesses of the skeletons.

Advantages of frame structures

The list of arguments in favor of prefabricated houses is impressive. Among the most significant competitive advantages are:

Price. The price of materials for the walls of a brick, aerated concrete house or a structure made of beams is much higher. In addition, the frame house, due to its low weight, does not require a significant deepening of the foundation into the ground - additional savings on the zero cycle.
Construction speed. Cottage for 110-150 sq.m. a team of craftsmen will erect in 3-4 months. The simplest country house will be ready in 2 weeks.
Versatility. Frame technology is implemented on different types of soils, including peaty and silty soils. The main thing is to choose the right type of foundation.
Ease of installation. The house is assembled according to the principle of the designer, and special equipment is not involved in the working processes - the constituent elements are relatively light and compact.
Mobility. If desired, a small building can be transferred to a new location.
Ease of remodeling. The configuration and location of internal partitions can be changed, as they are not load-bearing.

Additional pluses: no shrinkage buildings, variability of architectural forms and all-season work. If the foundation is poured in advance, then construction can be continued even at sub-zero temperatures, since there are no “wet” processes.

Debunking the myths: controversial points

The lack of objective information and operating experience is the main reason for distrust of frame houses. Some statements are false and require refutation.

fragility. Subject to regulatory requirements, the structure will last 30-50 years. The indicator is determined by the quality of the frame and the safety of the insulation - it is necessary to ensure complete protection of the support posts and the heat insulator from moisture. In the United States, many houses have been standing since the beginning of the 19th century.
cold in winter. A standard insulation layer of 15-20 cm provides a heat transfer resistance coefficient of 2.9-3.3 m * ° C / W, additional thermal insulation from the outside increases the figure to 4.7 m * ° C / W. The choice of insulation option depends on the climate of the region. Houses with increased energy efficiency are suitable for cold areas with harsh winters.
Frame house - thermos. Despite the high requirements for insulation, the frame construction still allows air to pass through the micro-slits of the wooden frame and the fibrous insulation. However, in order to maintain a healthy microclimate, in addition to natural ventilation, it is better to provide for forced ventilation. This requirement is especially relevant for polystyrene and its derivatives.
Toxicity. As part of the structural elements of high-quality buildings, only environmentally friendly materials are used: wood, metal, stone wool, plasterboard, OSB, neutral insulating films. The possibility of the presence of toxic materials is in cheap options. But such a danger is typical not only for frame construction.

Weaknesses of a frame house: comparison with alternative technologies

In some respects, the prefabricated method is inferior to traditional brick and aerated concrete buildings:

Low rise. You can build a small one-story house on your own. If you want to get a cottage with an attic, you need to attract specialists. It is better not to build houses over two floors using frame technology.
Low strength. According to this criterion, prefabricated structures lose to brick and log houses. The building will steadfastly withstand natural influences (gusts of wind, hail, etc.), but it may not withstand a person who intends to break the wall, or the elements.
Fire hazard. Despite the treatment of the wooden frame with flame retardant impregnations, the risk of fire and the rate of fire spread of a prefabricated house is greater than that of a brick or aerated concrete one. The use of modern fire-fighting systems somewhat alleviates this shortcoming.
Low noise isolation. Sounds from the street and neighboring rooms largely penetrate into the room. Measures to reduce noise help partly - vibrations and echoes when walking on the top floor are heard from below.

The experience of building a frame house: the reality of self-assembly

A frame house lives up to expectations only with proper design and construction. You should not expect that, without experience, it will be possible to build solid housing in a couple of months. Nuances that are not a problem for a specialist will become a stumbling block for a beginner.

It is clear that the involvement of professionals will significantly increase the cost of construction, but in some situations it is unreasonable to save.

Expert advice:

It is better to try your hand and gain experience on a smaller copy - a temporary hut, a bathhouse or a barn.
The construction of a two-story building or a house with an attic for permanent residence must be ordered on a turnkey basis. Mistakes in miscalculations and non-compliance with technology can be costly.
It will be possible to build a country summer house on your own according to a finished project, having previously coordinated the work plan with a specialist. For work, it is better to use with a detailed sketch, a scheme for attaching elements, etc.

Inexpensive frame houses in Russia have become popular not so long ago, until not everyone knows what it is and is wary of them. Although in the West, buildings using this technology have been erected since the middle of the last century. Why do practical Europeans prefer cottages made of timber and modern materials that replace wood? The answer is simple: they are cheaper, not only during construction, but also in operation.

The content of the article:

1. Technology Features

Let's try to figure out what a frame house is, from what and how it is built. The essence of technology is determined by the name itself. The basis of the structure is a frame, which is mounted on a pre-prepared foundation and sheathed with panels. After that, the roof is installed. Then the building is insulated, waterproofing is laid and the facade is finished. The scheme is simplified, but it reflects the main stages.

The frame of the house is made of galvanized steel (LSTK - light steel thin-walled structures) or softwood. For walls OSB (OSB) is used - oriented strand board, DSP (cement-bonded particle board) or plywood, which successfully replace wood. Mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam are used as a heater. Finish buildings with siding or plaster.

Rice. 1 - One of the design options for the frame house wall

If we compare a house made of brick or cinder block and a frame house, then the latter will have a number of advantages. Here are just a few of them:

Typical buildings are relatively light in weight, so they do not require a massive foundation. Most often, during their construction, pile-screw, tape or columnar structures are used;
With frame construction, the likelihood that the geometry of the building will be violated due to the properties of the soil is less than in other cases;
You can move into the built housing immediately, as there is no shrinkage;
The finishing of the facade is facilitated by the absolutely flat surface of the plates from which the walls are made.

2. Service life of a frame house

It would be a mistake to assume that the service life of a frame house is short. As practice shows, a building built without violations of technology can serve without repair for at least 30 years. The main enemy of metal and wood is moisture, so only reliable waterproofing will ensure the safety of the structure.

In many ways, the service life of a frame house depends on what material was used for insulation. The use of expanded polystyrene will make it possible to do without repairs for about 30 years. The service life of a building, which was insulated with mineral or ecowool, is twice as long. However, these terms can be taken into account only if the quality of waterproofing materials is high.

Significantly reduces the service life of a frame house, the use of undried wood in the construction. As it dries, the structural elements of the walls and roof will change their geometry. As a result, gaps may appear at the joints, and the integrity of the skin will be broken. This will inevitably lead to moisture getting on the frame and walls.

Frame houses, due to their light weight and simplified design, greatly facilitate the repair problem for the homeowner. Wall cladding can always be dismantled to replace the insulation. Even the building itself will not be difficult to raise to correct the foundation.

3. Types of frame houses

Experts who know what a frame house is firsthand cannot always make an accurate classification of such buildings. But the difference in technology allows us to distinguish several types of buildings that have their own design features.

Classification of houses is made depending on the type of assembly. It is customary to single out:

frame;
Continuous;
Post-beam;
Frame-panel buildings.

Frame structures are often called pallet or platform structures, since they are built on a base, which is a prefabricated slab. It carries out the installation of walls fastened together by strapping. The next slab is laid on top - the ceiling for the roof or upper floor.

The finished frame of the house is filled with any insulation. Basalt wool, polystyrene, natural materials are used. Exterior finishes can also be different. Apply siding, plaster, tiles, "ventilated" or "wet" facade. Experts call this technology American or Canadian. It is valued for its simplicity, lightness and relative cheapness.

Buildings with continuous racks are interesting from the point of view of saving materials and labor costs. In this case, the frame of the house is built from a bar of standard sizes without additional sawing. Particular attention in such structures is paid to fixing the floor beams, which carry an increased load, since they perform the function of a log for laying the floor of the upper floor. In order to strengthen the structure, glued beams are used.

A half-timbered or post-and-beam frame is perhaps the most ancient method of housing construction. During the construction of such buildings, timber, braces and beams of large cross section are used. In the original version, they are interconnected in the same way as logs in a log house when building a wooden house. Today, steel plates are used for this purpose. Such buildings can hardly be called cheap, therefore in Russia cottages are more common, the facades of which simply imitate half-timbered frames.

4. Canadian and German technology

As we have already found out, frame houses are classified according to the type of construction assembly. But in everyday life, potential homeowners are more likely to encounter completely different terminology. A person who is not going to build a house on his own is not interested in how and what the frame is built from. He is more concerned about how soon he will be able to move into new housing, how much it will cost to produce all the work. Consider various frame construction technologies in this aspect.

Let's start by defining what a frame house built using Canadian technology is. The main structural elements of such a building are ready-made sandwich panels. They are made of OSB-3 sheets, between which a layer of thermal insulation is laid. Expanded polystyrene is used as a heater, which is applied with a sprayer to the surface of the plate. The full cycle of construction works takes 2-3 months.

Rice. 2 - Construction of a frame house using Canadian technology

German frame houses are complete ready-to-assemble kits. There is a marking that facilitates the work, as well as all the necessary holes for fasteners. Manufacturers in the factory carry out the installation of thermal insulation and even some communications. It remains only to deliver the "designer" to the construction site and assemble it on a pre-arranged foundation. Such buildings are erected extremely quickly, a dexterous team can do it in a month.

Construction using prefabricated panels is well-deservedly popular, and quite justifiably. The speed and ease of installation is a significant advantage of such technologies. But there are also disadvantages here, the future owner does not have the opportunity to control the quality of laying the insulation or the accuracy of fitting the dimensions of the panels. It remains only to rely on the integrity of the manufacturer.

Prefabricated panels made using Canadian technology are heavy and require specialized equipment for their transportation and installation. This is also a big minus, since the total cost of the work increases. "German" panels are lighter, but they require careful fitting, literally to the millimeter. In addition, such houses do not shine with architectural diversity.

5. Advantages of frame houses

Initially, frame construction was aimed at saving materials and speeding up the building process. Both of these tasks are successfully solved by modern technologies. It is safe to say that frame buildings are no worse than houses made of brick or wood. They are just as warm and durable, but much cheaper. Compared to traditional buildings, frame buildings have many advantages:

Design features allow you to save on heating and electricity. Frame houses perfectly retain the temperature, due to which the air in the interior heats up quite quickly and cools down slowly;
The service life of frame houses is no different from wooden ones. According to Russian regulations, such buildings are subject to demolition after 75 years, in practice this figure is much higher;
Modern heaters make it possible to achieve the same energy saving indicators as in a house with walls of 3 - 4 bricks;
The simplicity of the technology allows you to build such houses with your own hands, without the involvement of heavy equipment. Frame buildings are erected in a maximum of 3 months, provided that non-professionals will build;
Wood, the material is relatively inexpensive, and it will take less to build a frame with sheathing than a traditional building. This makes the cost of the finished house very democratic;
You can start construction work at any time, since there are no “wet” processes in the technology;
Frame houses, despite their apparent fragility, are quite strong and able to withstand even earthquakes;

In terms of aesthetic appeal, OSB panels are suitable for any type of finish. Many are already produced with a decorative coating of LC compositions. If desired, a frame house, like any other, can be insulated using the “wet facade” technology and finished with plaster. If you make an imitation of masonry, the frame walls will look as monumental as brick houses.

6. Main disadvantages

About what frame construction means, the world learned almost a hundred years ago. Since then, technology has stepped far forward, new materials have appeared. Frame buildings have become much warmer and stronger. However, some shortcomings still remain. Here are the obvious cons:

Walls made of sandwich panels are easy to cut with an ordinary grinder. Unfortunately, this is true, but even stone "fortresses" rarely stop intruders. In addition, it is much easier to open the lock than to cut out a new entrance;
A frame house cannot be rebuilt or improved. But, in fairness, it should be noted that the need for this rarely arises;
Low sound insulation is also a real drawback of such houses, but it can be completely corrected. It is enough to use, for example, foam plastic for sheathing panels on the outside, as is done when finishing the “wet facade”.

Houses look the same - this is the main drawback of mass buildings. Individuality from a ready-made inexpensive project is not to be expected. But lovers of complex design solutions have the opportunity to order an individual project instead of a typical cottage.

7. Wood or metal - which frame is better?

In many ways, the service life of frame houses depends on what materials were used in the construction. As you know, the frame is the basis for the walls and roof of the building. It can be made of wood or galvanized steel. The first will cost half as much, but it has its drawbacks:

Low resistance to moisture;
Exposure to biological factors;
fire hazard;
Difficulty of installation.

Despite these disadvantages, 80% of frame houses are made of wooden beams, since this material allows you to preserve the atmosphere of a traditional natural log house. The thermal conductivity of wood is much lower than that of metal, so there is no danger of cold bridges.

Rice. 3 - Wooden frame

Galvanized steel profile already prepared for assembly. To connect the elements, self-tapping screws or rivets are used; installation can be done independently, without welding. The service life of houses on metal frames is much higher than that of wooden ones.

Fig. 4 - Frame from LSTK

Choosing the right frame for your home will save you money and time on repairs in the future. In each case, the approach must be individual. All frames have their advantages, but they need to be selected depending on what technology the house will be built on.

8. In conclusion

To summarize the above: frame houses are an inexpensive alternative to traditional technologies. This allows you to build your own house without getting into debt bondage. Having studied in detail the information about frame houses and having figured out what it is, we can draw an optimistic conclusion: there are much more pluses for such buildings than minuses!

In Russia, the construction of cottages using frame technology is gaining momentum. Considering the prices of houses made of wood or brick, many prefer cheaper modern materials. However, some potential homeowners fear that a frame house will not last long. It's safe to say that this is a myth. The durability and reliability of a residential building depends on the quality of the materials and the professionalism of the builders.

In order to master the step-by-step construction of a frame house yourself, at least in its simplest version, it is enough to master the basics of the crafts of a carpenter, locksmith, finisher, etc. We are talking about the usual master's skills from the professional arsenal of most of the male population. Of course, the true labor costs and immersion in theoretical issues already depend on the chosen approach to construction (type of project, method of erecting a frame, participation of assistants in the production process, etc.).

If everything is done correctly, then within one season, with a relatively small financial investment, you may well become the owner of your own home. Therefore, and also taking into account the optimal ratio, private developers often choose it.

From what and how to build

Before you build a frame house with your own hands, you should perform a number of preparatory activities, select a project and materials, deal with the nuances of technological stages, etc.

Choosing a construction method

If you have already decided to do without the involvement of installation teams, you still have several possible ways to build a building.

1. Frame and panel technology

It has several implementation options. You can order a "house set" of multi-layer or with design parameters at a specialized company. A constructor made of fitted elements will be delivered to your site, equipped with instructions for assembling a frame house. This is not cheap, but the least laborious way. It allows you to become the owner of your own home in a short time. For example, a box of prefabricated elements is mounted on a prepared base in a day. Of course, for this you will have to invite a couple of assistants and rent a truck crane.

Panels can also be made by hand directly at the construction site. Their assembly is carried out in a horizontal position on a suitable flat area. Next, the finished wall parts are installed and fixed vertically. This method allows you to achieve good accuracy in the independent manufacture of building elements, and the help of helpers is required only to lift and fix the panels in the design position.

2. Frame-frame technology

With its classical implementation method, a step-by-step construction of a frame house is carried out from a set of its entire skeleton, which is then filled with insulation and lined. On the one hand, the advantages of this method are that it is less demanding on the accuracy of the geometric parameters of lumber. Each rack or jumper is installed individually and immediately in its design position. This allows you to level on the spot some defects in the geometry of the frame elements. On the other hand, such a frame-frame assembly is quite difficult to implement independently at any of its stages. It is almost impossible for one person to simultaneously hold a rack or jumper, set and fix it in level.

A certain optimization of the process can be achieved by the method of building a frame house, partially combining panel and frame assembly. For example, you can order the frames of walls and ceilings at the enterprise. You will receive high-quality products at an affordable price, the installation of which does not require the use of lifting equipment. You can also make frames yourself, and start filling and sheathing them after assembling the skeleton of the box and covering it with a roof.

The main materials used for building envelopes

The prototypes of domestic carcasses are objects built using the technologies of Canadian-American and European masters. This continuity is confirmed even by the fact that one of the main industry standards SP 31-105-2002 "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-family residential buildings with a wooden frame" was developed on the basis of the Canadian Housing and Construction Regulations.

frame

Indeed, the skeletons of the predominant number of skeleton builders are built from a board or a bar. For example, in many standard projects of residential buildings designed for the temperate climate zone, softwood lumber is laid:

for bearing and walls of the external thermal circuit - a board 150 * 40 mm (H * W) or 150 * 50 mm;
for floors - a board 200 * 40 mm or 200 * 50 mm, as well as a bar of identical height with a thickness of 100 mm or 150 mm.

When choosing lumber, preference should be given to planed products dried to a standard moisture content of 12-18%. They cost more than edged boards for general construction purposes, but saving on them will subsequently cause a lot of problems, in particular:

wet wood is strongly warped during shrinkage, which leads to deformation of the panels, as well as opening the joints between them;
initially curved boards significantly complicate and slow down the installation process, and its aesthetic results leave much to be desired.

Important! The elements of a frame house can be connected using steel corners, nails or self-tapping screws. In this case, preference should be given to nails with a textured surface, for example, anchor (perfect, corrugated).

Frame filling

Frames of internal floors and partitions are recommended to be filled with fibrous soundproofing materials. Often, mineral wool with special acoustic properties is used for this. In confirmation of its specialization, the appropriate marking must be applied to the packaging of the material.

The external thermal circuit is assembled on the basis of any effective insulation with a thermal conductivity parameter not exceeding 0.1 W / (m * 0 C). At the same time, filling the frame with bulk material is allowed only in ceilings or mansard roofs with a slope of not more than 1:5. For thermal barriers of walls, slab (roll) fibrous, foamed or sprayed insulation is used. Do-it-yourself frame house is most often insulated:

stone wool with a density of 30-50 kg / m³;
glassy density 15-20 kg/m³;
expanded polystyrene with a density of 15-25 kg / m³.

Frame sheathing

The technology for building a frame house provides for a phased covering of the structural skeleton with layers of vapor and waterproofing, as well as protective or protective and decorative cladding.

Of particular importance is the creation of a reliable vapor barrier from the inside of the room. The thermal contour of the building is built according to the thermos system with a relatively thin shell. In the cold season, its inner and outer surfaces are affected by a significant temperature gradient and partial pressure of water vapor. Humid air tends to go outside, including through walls and ceilings, where condensation falls out of it. And this is already unacceptable, as it threatens to damage the thermal insulation, frame elements and cladding.

Therefore, for vapor barrier on the inside of the frame, roll materials with almost zero vapor permeability are used. These are:

special vapor barrier films (anti-condensation, laminated, foil, etc.);
polyethylene sheet from primary raw materials (thickness 150-200 microns);
kraft paper.

In contrast to the assembly from ready-made factory panels, the step-by-step construction of a frame house with your own hands also involves the installation of waterproofing on the outside of the thermal circuit panels. Preference should be given to membranes that do not prevent the free exit of steam from the thermal insulation. In the case of installing an outer skin with a ventilation gap, the waterproofing must also have windproof properties.

Further covering of steam and hydrobarriers is carried out with any sheet or piece material that meets the operating conditions and the wishes of the owner: clapboard, OSB, drywall (only inside), corrugated board, DSP, etc.

How to save material

To simplify all stages of the construction of a frame house, you can take a standard project as a basis, customize it for yourself, spending very little time. Of course, these are minor changes. The dimensions of wall and ceiling panels, door and window openings, as well as the pitch of racks, logs, beams of the structural skeleton are best adjusted, where possible, taking into account their multiplicity with the overall parameters of the insulating filler and sheathing sheets. Thus, it will be possible to minimize the amount of trimming and save time on cutting mineral wool, OSB, drywall, etc.

For example, the practiced pitch of the racks of 400 mm allows you to mount a 1200 * 2500 mm plasterboard vertically without side trim. But mineral wool with a roll (plate) width of 600 mm fits comfortably only in the clearance of "European" racks.

It is more difficult with the selection of the multiplicity of the outer skin. So, with a horizontal orientation of some popular sheet products, they will be installed without trimming at the next step of the racks:

Material	Sheet length, mm	Number of racks per sheet (excluding the last, common with the adjacent sheet)	Pitch, mm
DSP	2700	4/5/6	675/540/450 640/533,3/457,1/400
OSB	2440	4/5/6	610/488/406,6
Cement Aquapanel	1200	2/3/4	600/400/300

It can be seen from the table that external DSPs with a length of 3200 mm, with a rack pitch of 400 mm, or Aquapanel (a pitch of 400 mm and 600 mm) will correlate well with internal gypsum boards. You can use OSB sheets 2500 mm by installing the GKL horizontally (step 500 mm). But in this case, you will already have to trim the mineral wool.

Take into account the offers of the network

When adapting a frame house project to waste-free technology, first you need to decide on the materials you want and are available in your area. Specify their exact dimensions. The same mineral wool is not always 600 mm wide. It has a significant variation in size, depending on the manufacturer. For example, the width of popular mineral wool slabs or rolls, mm:

Isover - 565, 600, 610, 1180, 1190.1200, 1210.1220;
Knauf - 570, 600, 610, 100, 1100, 1200;
Ursa - 600, 610, 1200.

Important! When measuring the width of the thermal insulation and the step of the racks (lag), do not forget to take into account their thickness. At the same time, slabs or strips of mineral wool rolls must be laid tightly and without gaps. Therefore, their width is taken at least 20-30 mm more than the width of the frame clearance.

Do not violate the design parameters!

Carried away by the achievement of waste-free construction, it is unacceptable to deviate from the design characteristics laid down by the developer of the frame house project. Changes to it should be made very carefully. For example, an excessive increase in the pitch of the racks can lead to a significant loss in the strength of the building. On the contrary, the frequent installation of racks will lead to a decrease in the thermal resistance of the outer panels, since the thermal conductivity of wood is several times higher than that of mineral wool. Therefore, if a total reconstruction is planned, then you will have to resort to the help of a specialized engineer or to thoroughly study the calculation systems yourself.

Stages of building a frame house

Foundation

Skeletons are one of the lightest structures of capital construction. Therefore, for their installation, often, the least material-intensive pre-fabricated foundations are used. For example, from screw piles. Their supporting structures are assembled on the basis of groups of steel pipes linked into single spatial systems.

The form factor and the depth of immersion of the supports depend on the load applied to them, the bearing capacity and the freezing of the soil. Thus, the main characteristics of the pile are:

the diameter of the helical blades, which decreases with increasing density of the rock. Weldable helical surfaces can be completely replaced by threaded threads for particularly dense soils or permafrost;
the diameter of the steel pipes - the larger it is, the greater the load the support bears. At the same time, without the use of equipment, piles up to Ø 108 mm can be screwed. On them, frame houses are usually erected with their own hands;
immersion depth, which averages 2-2.5 m. The blades of the supports should be placed below the freezing depth of the soil in its dense layers;
treatment with anti-corrosion compounds.

Installing a wine foundation

You will need the help of 2-3 people to screw the screw piles. Before their installation, trees, bushes, large-sized objects are removed from the site, as well as next to it. Places for installation of supports are marked on the site. It is convenient to do this in accordance with the scheme for building a frame house, its foundation part. Supports are installed at all nodal points (crossings of walls) and on straight segments with a step of 1-3 m (no more than 3.5 m).

In order not to look for or make special clamps or grips for screwing piles, you can drill a couple of holes in their upper parts. The ends of the gate levers will be inserted into them. In the process of immersing the supports, their verticality should be corrected.

After the installation of the last pile, they are cut in the same horizontal plane, and the pipes are filled with concrete mortar.

The strapping beam (grillage) is made of rolled metal or wood. In the first case, a frame of I-beams or a channel is welded onto the pipe sections, repeating the projection of the walls. In the second, platforms made of sheet steel 8-10 mm thick. A frame made of timber with a section of 150 (200) * 150 mm is attracted to the platforms with bolts.

All metal elements are treated with anti-corrosion compounds, and under the wood parts, gaskets of 2-3 layers of roofing material of any type are installed.

Floor (floor)

Step-by-step instructions for building a frame house with your own hands may include the installation of walls or ceilings as the next step. In the case of a screw foundation, it is more convenient to make a floor slab, and then take on the walls.

If a wooden beam serves as a grillage, which is better with complete manual assembly at the construction site, then beams (logs) or a finished skeleton of the floor frame overlap are immediately installed on it. For free spans up to 3 m, a single board per edge (200 * 50 mm) is used, for wider ones - a double board or a bar 200 * 100 mm. At the stage of installation of the screw supports of the foundation of a frame house, installation of additional piles may be envisaged, and at the stage of laying the strapping, additional transverse beams 200 * 150 mm to reinforce the extended spans of the floors.

The choice of the lag step is also important. The recommended thickness of the flooring for rolling the upper subfloor or batten elements will depend on it. In addition, we do not forget about the principle of multiplicity of materials, which contributes to their savings. For example, if the lag step is taken as 600 mm, then for arranging the upper subfloor, you should take a board of at least 35 mm thick.

Floor assembly example

The floor slab structure of a frame house is shown below. For the lower rough roll, an unedged board with a thickness of not more than 25 mm is taken. Set apart. Wind protection can be laid freely, but vapor barrier with mandatory gluing of joints with mounting tape. The overlaps of the paintings of both types are at least 15 cm. The crate on top is made of a board 35 * 100 mm or a bar with a side of 40-50 mm. The thickness of OSB should be commensurate with the frequency of the crate, but be at least 12 mm.

Important! The step-by-step assembly of the floor of a frame house is distinguished by its variability, which depends on the materials chosen, the preferences of the owners, as well as accessibility to the bottom of the slab.

The optimal option is when the floor frame is made separately in the form of a panel skeleton with a stuffed lower part (from rough rolling and wind protection) and end boards. Then it is turned over, installed in the design position and its further equipment is carried out (insulation, vapor barrier, etc.). With this method, it is convenient to mount the lower draft floor and wind barrier.

At the same time, according to the established tradition, lags are often initially installed on the harness. Then they are lined with an unedged board and a wind barrier is laid, as shown in the figure below. This leads to some difficulties at the stage of fastening the padding, as well as not quite correct operation of the wind barrier.

It remains to be added that the interfloor floors are assembled according to a similar pattern. The main difference is that instead of the lower rough roll, a decorative finish (gypsum board, tongue-and-groove board, etc.) is mounted on a lath or bar lathing, and instead of a wind barrier, a sealed vapor barrier is installed.

Wall assembly

Despite the fact that with any assembly technology, the structure of the finished walls will be basically the same, the following points should be considered:

when making panels in a horizontal position, do not forget that in finished form they have a specific gravity of 30-50 kg / m 2. Therefore, in order to then be able to freely put sections of the walls in place manually, they must have a small quadrature. Otherwise, it is better to assemble on the site only the frames of the house panels from the board 150 by 50 (40);
to give rigidity and stability to the vertical frame, use temporary diagonal elements from boards of the same section;
inside the wall panels, permanent braces should be installed in cases where subsequent sheathing on either side cannot provide longitudinal rigidity. For example, if drywall is stuffed from the inside, and lining from the outside. If you install an OSB or DSP board outside, then you do not need to leave the braces inside the frame.

It is better to start the layout of the vertical frame with your own hands from the outer skin. Those. a waterproofing membrane (wind barrier) is attached to the posts and covered (with or without a ventilation gap) with facade cladding. Further, thermal insulation is laid between the racks, vapor barrier and inner lining are mounted. An example of such a layout is shown in the figure below.

Roof

The roof structures of a frame house are no different from those built over buildings of any other type. You also have two main options - to assemble a cold roof with a ventilated attic or an insulated one, under which you can equip another attic floor or mezzanine floor.

The least time-consuming is the assembly of pitched flooring over an unused attic space. Indeed, in its structure there are no layers of insulation and vapor barrier, and often the design of the internal decorative filing. However, in this case, you will have to take care of the thorough heat, steam and waterproofing of the upper floor over the constantly used household and residential premises in advance. If the project for the construction of a frame house involves the construction of a warm attic floor, then it is better to lay acoustic insulation in the interfloor ceilings. At the same time, the presence of a vapor barrier film is mandatory only above wet rooms (kitchens, bathrooms, baths, etc.), but, for example, it can not be laid above the living room.

The structures of warm roofs with various types of coatings fundamentally differ only in the way the lathing is installed:

under soft coatings, such as bituminous tiles, it is typed in a continuous roll from a board, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB;
under coatings made of rigid materials (slate, corrugated board, metal tiles) - more often from slats (bars) with a certain step, but sometimes also a continuous roll of wood materials.

Advantages of frame houses

Frame houses are common in Russia recently

The most important advantage of such housing is that you can easily save on construction. That is, it does not require large financial costs. Such houses are very common in Russia lately.

Buildings made of such material are very light, so the load on the foundation is minimal. These houses can be built both according to your own plan and according to the plan of specialists, the main thing is that they be highly qualified.

If you want to build such a house yourself with your own hands, then it will take you about six months. Frame houses have a good thermal insulation function, unlike other types of housing built from other materials.

A very important advantage of the frame is the speed of its construction. The house can be built within nine weeks. The box is installed within two weeks. And finishing work can be done within two months, which is very convenient.

Also, along with the cheapness of the material, you can save on laying the foundation. You can get by with just a columnar-strip foundation, which will not cause you a lot of costs. In addition, the complete absence of shrinkage of the foundation is characteristic.

Also, with the help of special impregnations, it is possible to ensure the fire safety of housing.

Construction of a frame house is possible at any time of the year

It is very important to note that frame houses retain heat remarkably and for a long time in winter. If you want to live all year round in such a house, then you should properly insulate it. Frame houses can be built at any time of the year, regardless of whether it is hot or cold outside.

Having built such a house, you can choose any type of roof, which is also very convenient. And a small wall thickness will help you save extra squares.

Frame houses are highly durable, thanks to which they are able to withstand various bad weather. Outwardly, frames can be finished in various ways: from siding to ordinary brick, which is also very convenient.

Disadvantages of frame houses

Now we can move on to listing the shortcomings. The main and main are the following:

Tightness, therefore, during construction, you should definitely consider laying the ventilation system;
Houses are highly flammable, so you may incur additional costs for special fire protection products and coatings.

And most importantly, you should follow the rules for the installation and operation of electrical wiring, as well as compliance with safety requirements for the installation of electrical appliances, stoves, fireplaces, and so on.

Another very important disadvantage is the fact that such a house is best built as a one-story one. Since, if you build a two-story house, this will cause you a lot of costs and such a main advantage of a frame house as savings in construction will be lost.

A very big disadvantage is low sound insulation, so it is better to lay soundproof material in advance during the construction process.

I would like to note the fact that frame houses are characterized by fragility.

The rotting of wooden structures can also be attributed to the minus. To prevent this, they must be treated with special antiseptic agents.

The big disadvantage is that mice, cockroaches and termites can start in frame houses. Therefore, a special remedy should be laid between the floors.

Remember that rodents are very fond of mineral wool and glass wool, so it is best not to use these waterproofing materials.

A very important problem in the construction of all frame houses (including frame-panel houses) is the increased requirement for the qualifications of specialists. If mistakes are made in the construction of the foundation, then this will cause large economic costs during the erection of the building.

If you want to drive in a nail and hang a heavy picture, then for this you will have to additionally strengthen the wall or drive it into the place where the beam is located.

Feedback from residents about frame houses

After you have learned about the main pros and cons of building a frame house, check out the reviews of residents in frame houses.

Andrey, Samara, 35 years old

Review: my house is very warm and cozy both in summer and in winter.

Minus: since I did not lay thermal and noise insulation material, everything is audible at home.

Mikhail, Moscow, 45 years old

Review: speed in construction. I built my house in 8 months.

Minus: the house “does not breathe”, so a good ventilation system is needed.

Timur, Togliatti, 50 years old

Review: warm

Minus: not yet, as he settled quite recently.

Alexander, Koshki, 47 years old

Review: The house is very warm.

Minus: it is very hot in summer, so during construction, immediately take care of the ventilation system.

Scheme of forced ventilation in a frame house

Vladimir, Samara, 32 years old

Review: very comfortable.

Cons: Poor soundproofing.

Pavel, Verkhnyaya Pyshma, 33 years old

I have been living in a frame house since 2014. I built it on the advice of a neighbor and I do not regret it, since it cost me minimal costs. And I also lost a little time on the construction of housing. I would like to note that the house is very warm in winter. He insulated the house with waterproofing film. Of course, the option is not the most expensive, but for the entire time my family lived in this house, it justified itself. They decided to cover the walls in the house with tiles. It looks very aesthetically pleasing and quite beautiful. The only thing I don't like is the poor soundproofing. I have 4 rooms in my house, and the audibility between them is very good. In the future, we plan to purchase soundproofing material and remove this drawback.

Dmitry, Samara region, 52 years old

Hi all! Here I want to leave my review about the advantages of building frame houses. I also heard that you can save a lot on the construction of frame houses. The son is building a frame house. In two months, he erected it almost entirely and did not make a lot of expenses. About what conditions for housing will be in such a house, I will write later, after my son has settled.

Good insulation will create the effect of a thermos in the house

Maxim, Pskov region, 29 years old

I would like to suggest about the thermal insulation of the house to all those who build their own frame. Choose an expensive and good insulation, then you can achieve the effect of a thermos in your home. It will heat up quickly, but cool down slowly, which is very good in cold and cold winters.

Gleb, Sverdlovsk region, 25 years old

I can not stay away from comments about the choice in the construction of the house. It is best to opt for a frame building. If you want to build a small structure, then you can save not only on money, but also on your own strength. Since you can get by with the work of the whole family and not hire specialists.

Alexander, Voronezh, 36 years old

In terms of redevelopment, such houses are very convenient. I personally decided to change the places of the sockets and did it without difficulty, I didn’t have to break something, but simply used screwdrivers to remove the panel and did everything I needed. So be aware! The only thing that does not suit me is that the floor is a little springy. And also the fact that you can’t place especially heavy shelves on the walls.

Vladimir, Sergievsk, 47 years old

Completely agree with the previous comments. Such a house will serve you for a very long time. Only the only drawback is the envy of the neighbors that you lined up before them.

It is necessary to choose a good soundproofing material

Konstantin, Ulyanovsk region, 48 years old

I have 3 children, I want to say about soundproofing. It is very bad, the audibility in all rooms is just excellent, it is impossible to rest. At one time I chose a simple soundproofing material, which I now regret very much. Do not make my mistakes, do not spare money for soundproofing.

Lyudmila, Kamensk-Uralsky, 42 years old

Ruslan, Voronezh, 29 years old

I opted for a frame house because I heard from friends that it was being built quickly, and really did not lose. My house was ready by the 9th month of construction. In turn, the houses of the neighbors are not finished yet. In addition, the house looks very beautiful and aesthetic. The frame of such a house is assembled in advance. Make the right choice!

Alexey, Vladivostok, 31 years old

I have only positive reviews about the frame house, I can’t say anything bad. I've been living in this house for 5 years now and I don't regret anything.

Tamara, Voronezh, 30 years old

During the construction of the house, they thought for a long time what material to choose best, but finally they found a consensus with my husband and chose a frame house. Our choice justified itself, since we had a minimum of costs. Now our house perfectly protects us from cold and noise.

Grigory, Yekaterinburg, 43 years old

When building a house, I used a strip foundation, since frame houses are quite light and there will be no load on the foundation as such. Outside sheathed the walls with OSB boards. Also, I used a special plaster, which I put on a special fiberglass mesh, so that it lasts longer and does not come off. I painted it in peach color, so now my house is very clearly visible from afar. Inside, the walls are finished with plasterboard, which helps keep warm in winter. I do not regret that I became the owner of a frame house.

We hope you have learned a lot from this article. We wish you good luck in choosing the material for the construction of your home! Cosiness to you and your family, as well as warmth!

Video

Watch a video about the advantages and disadvantages of frame houses.

The construction of frame houses in our country is becoming more and more popular. All new technologies are part of such buildings, and it does not matter what technology the house is built on - Finnish or Canadian. This article describes how to build a frame-type house with your own hands, and also describes each stage of the construction of a building of this category.

Construction features

A frame house is a structure based on a frame. In general, this is clear from the name. The frame itself is the basis and a kind of "skeleton" of such a building. The frame is installed on a pre-prepared foundation, after which it is sheathed with special panels. It is insulated and a roof is being built. After completing all these stages, the output is a finished house.

It should be noted that frame houses first appeared in Germany, and then a wave of their popularity swept over Canada and the United States. Just for this reason, there is more than one technology for building a frame house - Canadian, Swedish German, and so on. On the territory of the USSR, such houses began to be built back in the 50s of the twentieth century. And since that time, interest in buildings of this type has increased significantly and continues to grow at a fast pace.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like all buildings, frame houses have advantages and disadvantages.

If we talk about the benefits, then it should be noted:

Low construction cost. This technology is considered the most affordable, even if we take into account the cost of finishing and foundation.
High pace of construction. It takes three builders a month to build a medium-sized house. And if you still build the foundation and carry out finishing work, then 1.5 - 2 months will be enough for them.
Low operating costs. This type of house does not require constant maintenance, unlike the same wooden houses, where it is required to update the facade from time to time.

Excellent soundproofing in the rooms. If you install soundproofing inside the ceilings, walls and partitions, then you can achieve pretty good results in this matter.
Possibility to lay communications inside the walls. One of the features of just such a technology will be that without any costs and the use of special tools, it is possible to lay electricity, heating pipes, water supply pipes, and so on inside the wall. From an aesthetic point of view, this is a very big advantage.

The possibility of building a lightweight foundation. Thanks to this technology, it is possible to use the so-called lightweight low-lying foundations, which saves money and increases the speed of construction.
Environmental friendliness. The main components of a frame house, in addition to the frame itself, are insulation, basalt and mineral wool, gypsum plasterboard, as well as OSB oriented strand board. All this is the result of the processing of exclusively natural materials, which increase the performance of the building and do not pose a threat to humans.

Seismic resistance. Houses of this type can withstand earthquakes up to 9 on the Richter scale. It is for this reason that such buildings are extremely popular in countries such as Japan.
Possibility of construction at any time of the year. There is no restriction on building a house in any season unless the temperature is less than -15 degrees Celsius. That is, the construction of such a house in the winter is very possible.

There is no reason to use heavy construction equipment. Just a few workers are enough to build such a house in a short time.
Easy access to wall and floor content. The design of such a house is made in such a way that getting to the insulation or internal communications is not a problem. This makes it possible to constantly modernize the house and improve its technical characteristics.
Possibility of fast and not too expensive dismantling. Thus, the house can, if desired, be transported and assembled elsewhere.

Not too thick walls. This makes it possible to save extra square meters and make the interior space larger.
Low thermal conductivity and heat capacity of various designs. That is, it is possible to significantly reduce heating costs in winter, and also, if necessary, coolness is easily maintained in summer.
No shrinkage. That is, after construction, you can immediately begin to carry out the finishing, which means that you can move in as quickly as possible. Also, there is no need to do additional space heating, there is no risk of wall distortion during shrinkage, and so on.

No wet cycles in construction. The construction of the house becomes as independent as possible from the sources of water supply and the temperature outside the window.
Lots of defrosting and freezing cycles. The house can be used seasonally or on short visits and it makes no sense to maintain some kind of temperature when no one is there. And warming up the house takes very little time.
Comfortable indoor climate. The use of wood or drywall makes it possible to preserve the frame structure of all the characteristics of a wooden house, namely the ability to diffuse gases, take and give moisture.

No gaps. A big advantage of such houses is the presence of even, almost perfect surfaces, which makes it possible to eliminate the appearance of cracks and holes. And even if there are, they are perfectly filled with insulation. Moreover, the use of the same wind and waterproofing membrane makes it possible to exclude any air masses from entering the thickness of the wall.
Simplicity and ease of interior decoration. A big plus of such houses is the absence of the need to plaster the walls or create a frame. It is enough just to putty the joints and places where there are self-tapping screws and that's it - you can glue the wallpaper, because there is no need to level the walls.

Also, there is no need to do a floor screed, because the floor is already initially ready for finishing. Saving time and money is also evident.

Having noted all the advantages of these houses, one cannot but mention some of the disadvantages:

We need a fairly well-made project, as well as drawings, where fasteners with nodes will be displayed. Technologically, such a house is somewhat more complicated than a regular one, and requires certain builder skills, a number of tools, and so on.
The boominess of floors and wall structures. This minus is for all floors and wooden walls. It is associated with the relatively low weight of the structure, which does not adequately dampen serious vibrations. Partially, this problem is solved with the help of heat and sound insulation from the 2nd layer of GKL, heavy and dense basalt-mineral heaters.

As you can see, the advantages of this type of houses are much greater than the disadvantages, which means that making a choice in favor of just such a building is a pretty good decision.

Types of buildings

frame-panel or panel;
frame-log or Canadian;
post-and-beam or fachwerk;
frame with uncut racks;
frame structures.

All other options can be either with minor changes to such houses, or they are a combination of different solutions. Now let's talk about each of the above options in more detail.

Frame-panel houses are usually produced at the factory. According to the project, the frame is first made, after which the panels, ceilings between floors and even the roof. Each element receives the necessary markings and all the necessary holes. In fact, this is a kind of constructor. When the house kit is ready, it is simply delivered to the construction site, where its direct installation is already beginning.

This technology is very simple, but in order for the house to be of the highest quality and durable, all the rules and norms of its construction should be observed.

If we talk about frame-frame or Canadian houses, then we must immediately say about the so-called SIP panels. They are a structural insulating panel, which is a heater that is framed by OSB sheets. This option is a reinforced version of panels for frame-panel houses. A structure of this type will be built using the "Platform" technology.

Three layers of such a panel are connected to each other using a tongue-and-groove beam using polyurethane foam-based glue. In the production of SIP panels, polyurethane foam is also used, which is a fairly highly effective insulation. In order to increase strength, the aforementioned layers are pressed.

It should be said right away that high-quality SIP panels can only be manufactured in the factory.

Another option for houses is made according to German technology. In fact, this is one of the options for using the platform technique. This technology involves laying thermal insulation and communications in shields. Installation of windows, assembly of ceilings and primary finishing of walls is also carried out. All this is done only in the factory. A rather serious drawback is the need to use lifting mechanisms.

If we talk about the frame-frame method of construction, then it has a significant difference from the panel one: the frame of the house is assembled at the construction site in the form of frames that are not sheathed. Only when the installation of the structure is completed, its sheathing and insulation begin.

Such houses are the best solution for those who want to build a house on their own. The advantage of such houses is that the owner sees in full what the house is made of, how the work is carried out and assembly is carried out.

It should be noted that the frame of the house can be made optionally of wood. Now popular are metal frames made of light steel thin-walled structures and so on.

The use of this technology makes it possible to implement the most interesting architectural ideas not only at the initial stage, but also later, if redevelopment is suddenly required.

Another type of house, which is being built according to German technology, is post-and-beam, or fachwer. This technology is quite a few years old, and it involves the construction of houses from sections. They are made from horizontal beams, vertical posts and jibs. The peculiarity of the fachwer is that the frame with beams is not hidden behind the sheathing, but is just taken out from the outside of the house. Usually the frame is made of a thick beam, which has a section of 100 by 100 or 200 by 200 millimeters.

The space between the beams and posts is filled with certain materials. Previously, blocks of straw and clay were used. Now they use brick, OSB boards, adobe material and so on.

In our conditions, it is not worth making this type of house, since the structure will require quite serious insulation. But this view has a rather original look.

And the last type that you should pay attention to is frame-rack structures. Such houses with uncut drains are also called Finnish. They are somewhat similar to houses that are made using Swedish technology. One-piece vertically arranged posts that run through two floors are the main element of the frame. In order to ensure high structural strength, the racks must be installed strictly vertically.

The floors between floors are installed on support boards that have been cut into the beams. Continuous racks are pulled together by floor joists, the structure becomes rigid. This type of construction is characterized by the fact that the vertical posts act as piles. It is on them that the main burden falls. You can also increase the rigidity with horizontal beams.

Construction device

Creating a design begins with the development of a competent project. A drawing with the dimensions of the house and, in general, the most complete construction scheme, where not only the building is shown, but all its elements are drawn as much as possible - this is the best option that should be. The project, which, by the way, must fully comply with SNiP, should reflect engineering, design, architectural and other features as much as possible. For example, if it is supposed to make a cross house with an attic, then it should already be in the project.

All this is done so that engineering ideas can be realized as easily as possible even by a person who is not too versed in the construction of houses.

And if necessary, you can see how this or that house will look final on the website of the contractor from which you expect to order the project. Another important point concerns regulatory documentation. The fact is that such a technology does not forgive mistakes, and therefore, in order to be sure that your project fully complies with all standards and state standards, you should independently double-check it according to SP 31-105-2002 called "Design and construction of energy-efficient single-apartment residential buildings with a wooden frame.

Construction rules

If we talk about the rules for the construction of such houses, then the main principle can be called the principle that construction technology must be strictly observed. That is, the house has proportions of 4x4 or 6x4, then it should be so. Or if the size of some room should be 3x6 m, and in some room the element 10x10 should be used, then these dimensions should be followed.

Any deviation risks disrupting the entire construction process and the result can be quite deplorable.

Construction should have the following stages:

building a foundation;
strapping, insulation and flooring;
building walls;
formation of overlaps and work with them;
the creation of a truss mechanism and the subsequent formation of the roof;
work with heaters.

Only in such a sequence can frame houses be erected, otherwise you risk creating a building whose efficiency will be significantly lower than planned.

Material selection and calculation

Before starting construction, you need to choose the material from which you will build the house, and also calculate how much you will need in order not to overpay in vain, but at the same time it was enough to implement all your ideas.

First of all, you should think about the consumption of lumber. But it all depends on what you will make a frame house from: wood, timber, or maybe boards. For example, to build a panel house, we need:

timber of various sections;
edged board with a section of 2 centimeters, as well as the same board, but with a section of 5 centimeters;
tongue-and-groove boards with a section of 2.5 centimeters.

It is not so easy to calculate the cost of a rack and cross beam. Here one should take into account the dimensions of the future building, that is, its area, as well as the category of heat-insulating material that will be used during construction.

Also, if we talk about the consumption of other materials, then you need to do:

foundation;
hydro and thermal insulation;
wind protection and vapor barrier;
roofing;
internal and external finishing;
various engineering communications - electrical wiring, drainage, snow retainers, sewerage, and so on.

By the way, the calculation of these systems must be done only when the owner of the house has decided on the material of the roof and the box of the house. It is from these two points that we need to build on in the future.

Naturally, if a person is ready to spend money to form a reserve of the strength reserve of a building, then such a scrupulous calculation can no longer be carried out. But, as a rule, frame houses are built precisely because they are cheap and affordable.

Tools

Creating a frame wooden house can be done using the usual set of tools. This is another beauty of wireframe technology for ordinary people. There is no need to use any special equipment or any expensive tool. But at the same time, if you cut boards with a simple hacksaw and hammer nails with an ordinary hammer, you can build a house for years.

If it is possible to use a pneumatic or electric tool, then the result and speed of construction will improve significantly.

So, to carry out work at different stages, you will need different tools. For example, during site preparation and foundation work, you will need to have:

shovels and bayonet shovels;
wheelbarrow;
buckets;
roulettes;
plumb lines;
markers;
pencils;
water levels.

At the stage of assembling the frame, we need:

saw;
perforator drill;
plane;
nail puller;
axe;
hammer.

In addition, you will need various auxiliary elements - ropes, electric extension cords, as well as small tools, including various types of fasteners and nails.

It will significantly speed up construction and a modern tool will not be superfluous. For example, it is more convenient to prepare frame parts with an electric circular saw. And even better, if a special end saw is used for work, which has a stationary base. And the same circular electric saw will be an excellent option for mounting the frame.

For fast and high-quality driving of nails, you should use a pneumatic hammer with a compressor. This tool cannot be called cheap, but labor productivity will be much higher here.

In addition, in the process of assembling the frame, it will not be superfluous to use an electric planer, as well as an electric jigsaw. A planer is needed to correct defects in lumber, as well as to fit frame elements to each other. A jigsaw will not be superfluous for precise installation of the roof truss system.

Step-by-step instruction

As already mentioned, frame houses are built exclusively according to well-established technology, that is, in stages.

Foundation

Creating a foundation is a rather complicated and very responsible process that sets the tone for the successful implementation of a house project. When creating a foundation, it is necessary to take into account a lot of factors, ranging from the geological picture on the site to the height of groundwater, and so on.

As a rule, pile-grillage foundations are most often made. They can be built quickly and are reliable. In addition, such a basis does not require large material investments. In addition, such a platform will evenly transfer the load to all supports.

It is necessary to drill wells for piles with a drill. As a formwork, you can use roofing material rolled into pipes of a certain diameter. Inside the piles, 3-4 reinforcement bars are installed, which are interconnected in the form of a square or triangle. They must be cut so that at least 70-80 centimeters of the rod stick out above the surface of the pile.

It is best to fill everything with concrete grades from M25 and more.

After the piles have been poured, the formwork should be installed into which the reinforcement will be laid. We connect the longitudinal bars with the bent parts of the reinforcement from piles. You should also leave holes in the tape for communications and ventilation. In the foundation tape, a strapping beam will then be attached. To install it, studs are fixed in the tape. They are placed every meter or two.

From each corner in both directions it is necessary to retreat thirty centimeters. Studs are a must here. In other places, it already depends on the dimensions of the house, but they cannot be mounted less than two meters apart. It should be said that it is the studs that are the only link between the foundation and the frame of the house. Therefore, it is better not to be greedy. In general, there should be at least two studs in one wall.

When everything is ready, it is necessary to pour concrete. After that, so that it does not dry out, but becomes stronger, it is better to cover it with polyethylene. If the temperature after pouring the foundation is kept within about + 20 degrees, then after four to five days construction can be continued.

In this case, the concrete will already have 50 percent of its strength. And if the temperature is lower, the waiting time will be longer.

Floor

In order to make the floor, you first need to waterproof the foundation. To do this, it is necessary to use hydroisol, bituminous mastic and roofing material. First, liquid insulation is placed, after which the turn of roll insulation follows, and the beds are already attached from above - dry boards. Their edges should be aligned with the foundation height. A second layer of boards is placed on top of the first layer to hide the gaps that may form.

Strapping boards are attached to the beds. They must be placed on edge, aligned, and then attached with nails to their base. Now the lag is being installed - everything will be the same here as when installing the harnesses. That is, they can be nailed with oblique nails.

Now you can start insulating the floor. There are many ways to do this. One of them is the use of inexpensive polystyrene foam. Its thickness should be 15 centimeters. It is laid in two layers to cover the seams and joints. You can also go around the perimeter with sealant to ensure maximum surface insulation. After insulation, it remains to lay a draft floor from boards, as well as a layer of plywood.

If it is large and about 1.5 centimeters thick, then you can do without a second layer. And if not, then it is necessary to make another layer of boards overlapping with the first level.

Walling

The next most important stage is the construction of the walls of the house. In this case, there are two options: either assemble the wall frame on the floor, and then simply lift it, set it up and fix it, or assemble everything in place gradually. In the first case, work is usually carried out in factories, but in the second case, when the assembly is done by hand. To begin with, the lower binding beam is nailed, after which the corner posts are set, then the intermediate, upper trim. This technology is also called balloon.

Each option has its pros and cons, but everything will depend on how many people work at the facility.

If we talk about corner posts, then they should be either 150x150 millimeters or 100x100 mm. In rare cases, 50x100 racks are used. But here everything will depend on how small the house is being built. If small, then the 100x100 mm option will be more than enough. It will still depend on the load and the required width of the insulation.

The pitch of the racks is selected taking into account the load, but the distance between the racks is also selected based on the width of the insulation. The gap between them should be a couple of centimeters less than the width of the insulation. Then there will be almost no debris, as well as gaps with gaps.

That is, you must first set up and fix the corner beams, and then mount the upper trim on them, and only then with the selected step vertical racks. Racks can be fixed in several ways:

using wooden dowels;
to the corners;
with a notch.

Cutting into the board of the lower strapping should be carried out no more than half of its depth. Corners are usually attached on both sides. Pin fastening is an old technology, but its implementation is quite difficult. It is best to use reinforced corners.

Beams to which doors and windows are attached must be double. In this case, the load is greater, and therefore the support is required more powerful.

Now about the cuts and braces. If the outer skin must be made of high-strength material, then it is better to embed the jibs from the inside of the room, as they will be temporary. This is necessary to preserve the geometry while there is no outer skin. If the sheathing is type-setting, then permanent jibs must be required. It is best to use four small pieces each: two on the bottom and two on top.

But most of all the question arises in the construction of corners. This is not surprising, because these are the main nodes of the connections. If the beam is placed in a corner, then there will be no problems, except that the corner will be cold. But you can make the frame of the house warm.

After assembling the frame, it should be sheathed with plywood or OSB. This will not only be an excellent insulation, but will also act as an excellent sound and noise insulation.

overlap

The floor beams must rest on the beam of the upper trim. There are several mounting methods:

with inset;
to the corners;
on steel support brackets.

The dimensions of the beams and the distance between them will depend on what will be on top. If this is a second residential floor or an attic, then the section should be taken more, and the step should be made smaller in order to avoid bending the floor.

If there is only a roof on top and the attic is non-residential, that is, in fact, we will have an overlap of the first floor, then these will be completely different calculations. And if the overlap of the second floor, that is, it is interfloor, then the calculations will be, as in the first case. In a one-story house, the floor beams are at the same time a support for the rafters. It is for this reason that they are released thirty centimeters beyond the perimeter of the wall.

If the second floor is to be completed, the ceiling is sheathed with a draft floor of the second floor, and from below it is necessary to cover the ceiling. That is, we get a kind of small "pie". In this case, it will be easier to work on creating the second floor of the house, since its assembly will not differ from the first.

Roof

The roof is already installed when all the walls are finally built and fully fixed. It remains to determine the slope we need and what the roof will be like. The most common is the duplex. In order to increase the useful area of the house, a number of buildings are equipped with a veranda. In this case, the project of the house may provide for several types of roof construction: over the veranda - single-pitched, and over the house - gable. And depending on the slope, the roof can be:

flat;
broken line;
straight.

Rafters are selected in such a way that between them it is possible to install insulation. As a sample, two boards six meters long are taken and connected into an L-shaped structure. Then they are lifted onto the roof, rested on a strapping beam so that the overhangs are 35-50 centimeters. Now the structure is fixed with a crossbar and used as a layout for rafters, which are mounted 70 centimeters apart.

Their connection in the ridge is carried out according to the "half-paw" method. That is, first the rafters are installed on the gables, after which a thread is pulled between them, along the level of which all intermediate rafters are installed. After that, a solid or thinned crate is placed. This is how the rafter system is done.

If we talk about the coating, then the composition of the roof may be different. As an example, consist of a metal tile or a corrugated board. The latter is very easy to install, has a relatively small weight and low cost. But it can have different layers - for example, you can install a corrugated board and a layer of metal tiles.

Wind protection

To protect the frame house from the effects of natural factors, a special windproof film is used. It refers to external materials for the facade. It is better to mount it in warm weather. Work can begin only after the completion of the laying of the main thermal insulation layer, as well as before the final decorative wall cladding. As a rule, the main heat-insulating layer is a special membrane.

In order to eliminate errors in the installation of such a film, you should pay attention to the structure of its sides from the outside: one is smooth, and the other is with a pile. The film is laid with the side where there is a pile, to the thermal insulation.

Rolls of film should have the manufacturer's branded logos on the surface, which is a hint how such film should be laid.

The layout of the windproof material can be carried out vertically, as well as horizontally. It is better to use the vertical version. A horizontal strip of film will simply interfere with its gradual installation.

The installation of the film should be carried out from top to bottom, while the end of the roll, which is free, is applied to the top of the wall and rolled to its base. You can cut the material with scissors. As an alternative, you can consider a clerical knife. The length of the piece of film that will be cut off from the roll should have small allowances so that you can run the material between the wall and the main insulation.

In no case should the material be allowed to sag. Such a film is fixed with plastic dowels with caps in the form of plates, which perfectly attach the film to the wall. For one square meter, five such dowels will be enough. When installing the next strip of windproof film, it should be overlapped so that there are no places that will be affected.

Ventilation

Ventilation in frame houses can be of two types:

natural;
artificial.

Natural ventilation is characterized by the entry of fresh air through doors and windows, and the exit through ventilation ducts in technical rooms. This is possible due to the difference in air pressure outside the room and inside it.

But in a frame house, natural ventilation will be weak, since such a structure will be airtight.

You can make ventilation in such a house with your own hands using a supply valve. The ventilation gap can be made with your own hands from plastic pipes. You can also use asbestos-cement, which should be carefully built into the frame to get a ventilation gap. Said valve allows air to enter.

Outside, it is covered with a grate to avoid foreign objects getting inside. There are installed filters for primary air purification, as well as a noise absorber. The air flow can be adjusted with a damper. The supply valve circuit is very simple and you can do it yourself. It is necessary to make a through hole in the wall, insert a pipe with sound insulation, a filter into it, fix the grate and make a damper.

It should be said that the natural method of ventilation is very inefficient, and in this case, at least an exhaust hood or a ventilated facade is needed, since such a system cannot simply resist the formation of fungus.

In order to ensure good traction, you can equip the system with a fan. There are also examples when humidity meters were installed, which can automatically turn fans on and off.

Warming

You can insulate a frame house with any material with the appropriate characteristics. Of course, the ideal material does not exist, but it is possible to find the optimal solution.

The most popular insulation today is basalt wool. It is made in the form of mats and rolls, each of which has a different density index. It is better to put mats in the walls: their density is higher and they hold better due to the bursting force. But for this, their dimensions must be two to three centimeters larger than the distance that exists between the frame racks. Mats are fixed with special fasteners, but they are still better to work with than soft rolls.

Mineral wool has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. But she also has a big drawback: she is afraid of moisture and should be protected not only from this, but also from the effects of steam. That is why from the side of the room it should be covered with a layer of vapor barrier membrane so that the vapors do not penetrate inside.

If we take the outer side, then the mineral wool thermal insulation is closed by another membrane, but of a different type. The membrane in this case will not be blown through and will not let water in gaseous and liquid form, and vapors can escape from the heater without problems. That is, the vapor barrier will be one-sided. When the insulation is installed, it remains only to carry out finishing work.

window installation

According to accepted building standards, windows should be about 18 percent of the wall area. And for maximum illumination, it is best to stick to these dimensions. If you will live in the house year-round, then it would be best to install a plastic double-glazed window with a large glass area.

How to treat the house?

In order to protect the house from temperature extremes, various pests, humidity and exposure to various microorganisms, it should be treated with an antiseptic. You can do this in three ways:

With a brush. This is the easiest and oldest way to apply an antiseptic. In this case, concentrates should be taken, which should be diluted with water before use. As a rule, two or three layers of an antiseptic are applied, which has been diluted with water.
With a sprayer. This method significantly saves the time that must be spent on this type of work. An antiseptic solution made in advance is poured into the sprayer, after which the mixture is sprayed onto the necessary parts of the house.
Immersion of the desired element in a container with an antiseptic. Immersion in the solution must be carried out for a strictly defined time in order for the properties of the tree to be preserved as much as possible. In order to carry out processing by this method, not only a large tank is needed, but also a special mechanism for lifting heavy elements.

In order to prevent the wood from floating up, it is necessary to use pressure systems.

The advantages of antiseptic treatment are:

Finish options

There are several finishing options. You can just put plaster on the outside, or you can use paint. You can also make wall cladding with siding or clapboard. If desired, it is possible to use a block house.

For example, plastering can be done in two ways:

Plastering is done on sheets of facade foam, which were previously fixed to the facade with glue, as well as special clamping dowels.
Plastering is done directly on OSB-sheets with joints pre-treated with frost-resistant sealant. Also, the walls should be covered in this case with fiberglass mesh and primed.

But this method is more suitable as a temporary option.

Common mistakes

When building houses, it is important to do everything right and avoid various kinds of inaccuracies. The final result will depend on the correctness of the calculations, the rational use of building materials, the observance of the technological moments of insulation, as well as the cladding - whether you will have a beautiful, comfortable and cozy home or whether you will get something completely different from what you expected. Therefore, it is worth considering the main mistakes of frame construction in order to prevent their commission, especially if you want to carry out the installation yourself.

One of the most common mistakes is the wrong selection of lumber for a wooden house. As you know, the basis of the frame house is made of wooden materials. And one of the main mistakes is their wrong selection. In one case, not very well dried wood is used in construction, that is, fresh lumber. And in another, wood of a small section is used, which simply cannot withstand operational loads.

The first mistake is much more serious, because its assumption can really affect the quality and reliability of the house design. After all, the fact is that wooden elements change in size as they dry out. Therefore, gaps, distortions and other problems may occur, which then make the building uninhabitable.

Wood of a small section does not withstand the necessary loads and its use in the house is simply dangerous.

Another important point is the sheathing of the frame structure. Only its correct implementation will ensure the stability of the house with wind side loads. In this case, the best solution would be an integrated approach, when the frame is sheathed using slab materials, and slopes are installed in the lower and upper parts of the harness.

Hoping to reduce the cost of construction, you can seriously miscalculate. Especially if you decide to use some kind of budget insulation, the performance of which leaves much to be desired. The best heaters today are:

basalt wool;
mineral wool;
wool insulation.

Everything else is extremely risky. And in general, you should not save on insulation.

It is also necessary to observe the technology and construction design as accurately as possible. Usually we are talking about either a "balun" or a "platform". They have clear implementation scenarios from which you cannot deviate a single step, otherwise you simply risk making the house unsuitable for life.

Another common mistake is the wrong choice of fasteners. For example, if you fasten the frame boards not to ordinary nails, but to black self-tapping screws or perforated corners, then you can upset the balance of the fasteners. Moreover, it will be significantly more expensive and the structure will not yet receive the necessary strength.

Also quite often mistakes are made during the manufacture of insulation, namely during the selection of film protective coatings. The accumulation of moisture inside the frame walls is a big problem in such houses. And only a high-quality vapor and windproof film will help to resolve it.

Building a frame house with your own hands is a feasible task, although it requires serious concentration, an understanding of construction technology and a sequence of actions. In addition, you should not save on building materials at all stages of construction, because this may result in the future sideways. But if you follow the rules indicated above, then you can build a frame country house even alone and without experience without much difficulty.

For an overview of a do-it-yourself frame house, see the following video.

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What are wooden frame houses made of? Do-it-yourself frame construction or a “dream house” for little money (51 photos). Foundation device: mzfl and pile-screw

The concept of frame construction

Features of prefabricated buildings

Advantages of frame structures

Debunking the myths: controversial points

Weaknesses of a frame house: comparison with alternative technologies

Popular design solutions

"Platform" - Canadian method

Half-timbered frame - German technology

Finnish house - frame-frame construction

DOK technology - maximum insulation

Sandwich panel houses

LSTK frame - a dubious replacement for wood

The experience of building a frame house: the reality of self-assembly

1. Technology Features

2. Service life of a frame house

3. Types of frame houses

4. Canadian and German technology

5. Advantages of frame houses

6. Main disadvantages

7. Wood or metal - which frame is better?

8. In conclusion

From what and how to build

Choosing a construction method

1. Frame and panel technology

2. Frame-frame technology

The main materials used for building envelopes

frame

Frame filling

Frame sheathing

How to save material

Take into account the offers of the network

Do not violate the design parameters!

Stages of building a frame house

Foundation

Installing a wine foundation

Floor (floor)

Floor assembly example

Wall assembly

Roof

Advantages of frame houses

Disadvantages of frame houses

Feedback from residents about frame houses

Video

Construction features

Advantages and disadvantages

Types of buildings

Construction device

Construction rules

Material selection and calculation

Tools

Step-by-step instruction

Foundation

Floor

Walling

overlap

Roof

Wind protection

Ventilation

Warming

window installation

How to treat the house?

Finish options

Common mistakes