How to build a house from sip panels with your own hands. How to build a house from SIP panels with your own hands. Installation of wall panels in a frameless way
Prefabricated houses from sip panels are gaining more and more popularity in do-it-yourself construction. Let's look at the main points of building a house using Canadian technology using sip panels.
Foundation for a frame sip house
Houses are quite light and durable. At the heart of the structure there will be enough pile foundation, the grillage can even be made from a bar of the appropriate diameter.
Watch the video story about Sip panels on Discovery, interesting experiences!
Construction technology
Sip construction is an assembly of finished factory panels according to the tongue-and-groove connection principle. The most important point here is the quality of the source material, only with the proper execution of the panels themselves, the house will turn out without gaps at the joints, which will ensure good and strength of the structure.
When assembling a sip at home, the seams and joints are treated with mounting foam, which is not recommended to be cut off after hardening. The foam tends to break down under the influence of ultraviolet light, cutting off the edge only speeds up this process.
The construction of a vulture house can be carried out in any of the seasons, however, the most favorable is winter time, because. summer construction rush can delay you at some stages of construction, and in the off-season there is a chance of rain and bad weather.
Finishing a house from sip panels
Finishing sip panels (and exterior) can be chosen to your taste - any will do. There are no restrictions, except for financial ones, since sip panels show themselves equally well when finishing with wooden materials, and when using tiles or, and in all other options.
Advantages and disadvantages of sip houses
Consider the main advantages of Canadian technology houses and the existing disadvantages of these buildings.
Sip panels pros- houses
- The interest in vulture construction is explained by the low cost of such structures compared to other types of private construction, the short construction time for houses, a simplified system, and.
- A light structure made of sip panels can be erected on a simple screw or. Quick assembly of ready-made factory panels at the construction site significantly reduces the time for building a house with your own hands.
- Finishing sip panels is extremely simple. Smooth and even walls made of panels do not need leveling or additional processing before finishing work. Which also has a beneficial effect on the cost of the finished home.
Cons of sip panel houses
- However, despite the fact that sip panels have unconditional advantages, these houses are not environmentally friendly, although firms try to claim the opposite, do not believe it (when using sip panels, the level of formaldehyde should be controlled); therefore, a good finish, protection from sunlight is a must!
- despite good thermal insulation properties, they cannot boast of good, and their indicator is rather low.
- You should be extremely careful when installing electrical wiring and heating systems in sip houses.
- Also, one of the features of sip houses is that they need constant airing, because. the materials used do not allow air to pass through.
Is it worth it to build a sip house? conclusions
Building a house using Canadian technology with your own hands is quite possible, but you should carefully consider the choice of materials and manufacturers. The strength, durability, beauty and reliability of a sip house directly depends on the quality of the materials used (panels).
Building a house from SIP panels with your own hands.
Here we give a summary of tips for building general plan sip panel houses:
Foundation selection
In the vast majority of cases, two types of foundations - on screw piles and a shallow-depth tape one, allow you to completely solve the problem of reliable support for a Canadian house in the Moscow region.
If you make a concrete pile (below freezing depth) foundation for a light Canadian house on heaving soil, it is better using TISE technology (with widening of the lower part of the piles) and with high grillage (with a gap between the grillage and the ground).
This is correct in theory. In practice, in the Moscow region, under SIP, houses are often made bored piles without widening, and often the grillage is supported on the ground (low grillage).
Problems happen, but in most cases, light houses on such foundations stand without problems. The fact is that a powerful reinforced concrete grillage not only prevents uneven subsidence of piles under the weight of the house, but also compensates for the uneven pushing of piles by the lateral forces of frost heaving. In fact, we are dealing with a "floating" foundation of an unreasonably expensive and complex design.
Why are these foundations made? The answer is simple: "Customers love it."
Clients like a lot of things that are harmful. For example, it is beautiful when the foam protruding from the joints of the SIP panels is neatly cut off.
But you can't do it outside. Until the exterior decoration of the house has begun, the mounting foam is destroyed by the ultraviolet of solar radiation. Cropping only speeds up this process.
For a house made of SIP panels, the best pile foundation is screw. The blade of the screw pile performs the same function as the broadening of the lower part of the columnar foundation, made according to the TISE technology: they reduce the pressure of the loaded pile on the ground and prevent it from being pulled out by the forces of frost heaving of the soil.
Thus, the screw pile, acting as an anchor, provides a fixed point of support if the piles are screwed below the freezing depth into the bearing (!) soil..
Due to the increased rigidity of SIP structures, they are not very sensitive to seasonal ground movements. For small country houses, the most inexpensive option is suitable - the foundation on the columns.
As a rule, these are small concrete blocks installed on a sand bed (necessarily at the corners of the house, at the joints of load-bearing walls and several intermediate ones).
Season for building
Construction using Canadian technology is possible at any time of the year. The perfect time to build is winter. Due to rain, construction may be delayed a little. Measures must be taken to ensure that dirt does not enter the construction site.
There may be problems with the entrance to the site. According to the weather, summer is the most favorable season for DIY construction. But in the summer, their difficulties due to the growing hype in the construction market with understandable consequences.
What to build from SIP panels
Important question: what structural elements of the house to collect from SIP? External walls are always assembled from SIP panels. The walls are surprisingly warm and smooth.
It is also desirable to assemble internal load-bearing walls from SIP panels. The issue of partitions is secondary. Partitions can be assembled from anything and at the stage of fine finishing. Most often, partitions are assembled from SIP panels with a thickness of 124 mm.
The use of SIP panels for the assembly of zero and attic floors or roofs is justified by their high thermal insulation capacity.
A SIP floor does not require a subfloor. Finished floor coverings (laminate, linoleum, carpet, etc.) are laid directly on the SIP floor.
Apply SIP for assembly interfloor overlapping is possible, but not entirely advisable due to the low impact noise performance.
It is problematic to make a complex roof from SIP panels. It is possible to assemble a roof of any complexity from SIP, but a reasonable question arises - why, if the proven classic truss system with insulation is simpler?
Which beam is suitable for joining SIP panels
It is not recommended to use a beam from boards cohesive at the construction site for joining SIP panels due to the risk of cracks. And if you can find a massive wooden beam of the required section in the markets, then only raw.
An explanation is needed here. Concepts dry or raw lumber (wood, board, etc.) is used only at the household level. In fact, all lumber contains moisture. Excessively wet wood has many disadvantages, one of which is shrinkage (change in linear dimensions).
Moisture in wood is present in 2 forms - free (capillary) filling cell cavities and intercellular space (up to 70%), and bound (hygroscopic) located in cell membranes (about 30%).
Removal free moisture (often referred to as plant sap) occurs quite quickly and easily when atmospheric drying. And without change linear dimensions and volume of wood. Only its density decreases. Very often, “dry” is called a board, from which a significant part of free moisture.
The problem is that wood shrinkage occurs later, namely during evaporation. related moisture! It is at this stage that the linear dimensions of wooden lumber are significantly reduced.
During forced kiln drying, dry-looking softwood lumber dries up to 12% in the transverse direction to the fibers!
Due to the anisotropic structure of the wood, the removal related moisture is accompanied by cracking and warping. Therefore, truly dry lumber can be distinguished from raw lumber without a moisture meter. presence of cracks.
To remove most of the bound moisture, forced (chamber) drying is necessary. Therefore dry edged there is no lumber on the market. All that is sold is a cheese cutter - freshly sawn wood, which must be dried in a chamber.
Kiln-dried lumber is expensive. In addition, after drying to the required moisture content, edged lumber loses its GOST dimensions.
Planing (calibration) eats up a few more millimeters of thickness and width, which finally makes such lumber unsuitable for joining SIP panels with a thickness of polystyrene foam of 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm.
It is almost impossible to find a massive beam with a thickness of 100x150 mm and 100x200 mm of chamber drying. For massive timber, especially soft drying modes are required, i.e. special equipment.
Conventional drying chambers are designed for drying boards up to 50 mm thick for further planing into moldings or for the manufacture of glued laminated timber, I-beams, furniture panels, etc.
And today there is no acceptable alternative to a massive rectangular beam for joining SIP 174 or 224 mm in ceilings and roofs. Wooden I-beams (I-Joist, etc.) with a height of 200 mm are rather weak for this purpose.
A massive rectangular beam 100x200mm in terms of rigidity and strength can replace a 300 mm I-beam, but you cannot put it in a 224 mm SIP panel.
LVL and glued beams are expensive. For example, the retail price of glued laminated timber 100x200 mm is 650 rubles. for m.p. (May 2013). This is more than 30 thousand rubles. per m3.
Ceilings from SIP panels
Ceilings and roofs are places where insulated classic beam (truss) structures compete with SIP structures in terms of price, manufacturability and other parameters. If the technical subtleties are of little interest to you, go straight to the next paragraph.
Often, especially in smaller buildings, zero slab and SIP roofing is the best solution. But with large spans, traditional floors on wooden beams may be better than SIP floors.
The question is not only the price. We wrote about the problem of the docking beam in the ceilings and the roof above in the previous paragraph. There are other reasons to take into account when making a decision:
SIP panel by its design is a wall panel and is designed to carry large longitudinal loads. As a floor, the SIP panel does not have any special advantages, although it has good bending strength.
Zero and interfloor floors of the house must not only withstand certain loads, but also be quite rigid (not bend much). The floor should not "walk" underfoot. The overlap of the required rigidity is easier to assemble from beams of a suitable section.
SIP floor panels are often made narrower (usually twice - 625 mm). Dock panels on floor beams. This means that the main load-bearing element of the SIP panel floor is the same wooden beam. The rigidity of a beam is determined not so much by its cross-sectional area as by its height and shape. And 200 mm, which is dictated by the "overlapping" panel, is good for spans up to 4 meters.
If the spans are longer than the length of the SIP panel, then the strength of the overlap depends on the beams (in the places of the transverse joints of the panels, the entire load falls on the beams)! For this reason, with spans of more than 5 meters, it is better not to make SIP floors - a step of 625 mm for beams with a height of 200 mm is too big (according to SNiP, the allowable span for a beam of 200x100 mm with a step of 625 mm is less than 5 m).
If the floor beams are installed in increments of 625 mm, as in a SIP floor, then OSB-3 boards sewn onto the beams from above and below and without glued polystyrene foam will work like shelves for an I-beam! OSB-3 slabs for sheathing floor beams, unlike SIP, do not need to be sawn in strips 625 mm wide. Self-tapping screws for installation will take half as much (saving time and effort).
Overlapping everywhere should have the same thickness, and the spans covered by it are most often different. Beams can be laid out in different directions and with different steps, thereby optimizing material consumption. Usually the largest spans are over the living room. There it is desirable to make the overlap harder by reducing the step of the beams and (or) increasing their cross-sectional area.
In the manufacture of floors from SIP, this possibility will most often not be. The overlap will turn out somewhere rather weak, and somewhere - on the contrary. Cover flights over the bathroom, hallway, etc. beams 200x100 mm with a pitch of 625 mm - this is a luxury.
Features of construction from SIP panels
- If the structure has a large transverse load, then the SIP joints should lie on the support. It is undesirable to embed the support inside the panel under the skin. In this situation, SIP does not work as a monolith! Forces arise to separate the skin from the expanded polystyrene. If you jump onto a SIP floor between the joists, a large local shear load can tear the skin off the Styrofoam.
- Moreover, OSB-3 has low bending stiffness in the transverse direction. Therefore, OSB-3 is laid as a floor covering or a solid crate across beams (rafters), and not along, as it turns out in SIP floor and roof structures. Therefore, it is undesirable to use SIP with a thin skin of 9-10 mm for flooring.
- The interfloor overlap must be massive in order to protect well from impact noise. This can only be provided by massive beams.
- It is not necessary to expect that heavy rain will not fall during the assembly of the house. Until the roofing is completed, puddles form on the SIP floor, which, if not removed, can only evaporate, since all joints are sealed. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare in advance for the elimination of the consequences of precipitation. However, not everything is so terrible: OSB-3 boards are well resistant to moisture, and a short stay in water does not have a significant effect on them. Wooden floors on beams with insulation, flooring and filing from below can also be assembled in advance in the form of finished elements. But this is usually not done due to possible precipitation.
- It is not very rational to assemble a roof from SIP under a roof that does not require a continuous sheathing.
- In beam ceilings, it is not a problem to provide high thermal protection (noise insulation). The height of the section of the floor beam is determined by the calculation of the floor for rigidity and is usually not less than 200 mm. Laying insulation between horizontal beams is incomparably easier than in a wall frame. There is no problem of shrinkage of insulation in the ceilings. Therefore, beamed ceilings and rafter roofs are a serious alternative to SIP structures.
- A few words about the features of wooden frame (beam) structures. Not everything is perfect here either. Wood is a living material. This is its advantage and disadvantage at the same time. The tree smells good, it's nice to touch it. But solid pieces of wood are prone to deformation. The tree is afraid of drought and dampness. It is prone to drying out and cracking. Due to the anisotropic structure of wood, the deformation of lumber always occurs unevenly: individual beams noticeably bend, twist. This leads to deformation of the frame structure. Forced drying of wood in chambers reduces this lack of wood. Another effective solution is the use of glued lumber. An example is glued laminated timber, wooden I-beams with a web of OSB-3 (I-beam) or LVL timber (reminiscent of plywood). The disadvantage of wooden I-beams (I-beam or Joist) is their low weight. For interfloor overlapping, it is preferable to use massive beams.
- When installing beam ceilings and frame partitions from ordinary lumber, you need to be prepared for the fact that some of the beams can “go out” of the plane (especially if tightened with flooring or partition sheathing). It will take a planer and patience. With SIP floors, this problem does not arise.
- There are fewer problems with using SIP panels for the device of overlapping between the upper floor and the attic, if the latter will not be used as an attic. Often, the attic floor is assembled from wall SIP panels.
- A rafter roof for a Canadian house is always made in the case of a “cold” attic. If there is a warm room directly under the roof of a Canadian house (attic, second light), then SIP panels are often used for roofing. With this design, we immediately get both a warm roof and a ready-made continuous crate for soft tiles.
- Conventional wall panels with a thickness of 174 mm are often suitable for roof construction. They are quite warm and durable. Simple design solutions (purlins resting on the gables and internal walls of the attic) make it possible to ensure sufficient strength of the roof from SIP wall panels even with large slopes. In particular, wall SIP panels can be installed on a truss system:
- Laying soft tiles and other roofing materials directly on the SIP panel without ventilation air (gap) is contrary to the general principles of the roofing "pie". Bituminous tiles close the steam outlet from the SIP structure to the outside. There is information on the Internet about the unpleasant consequences of such a constructive decision.
The photo shows that the main damage to the SIP sheathing occurred in the area of panel joints. The most likely reason is the penetration of steam under the waterproofing underlayment of soft tiles from the attic through poor-quality joints of SIP panels. When installing a soft roof directly on the SIP surface joints need to be sealed SIP panels from the premises. Can be adhesive tape:
This rule should also be followed when decorating SIP walls. If something impeding the release of steam is mounted directly on the SIP sheathing without a ventilation gap, the joints of the SIP panels on the side of the premises should be well vaporized. As they say in the birthplace of SIP technology, "That's why foam plus tape makes so much sense to us."
For the same reason, it is undesirable to vapor barrier SIP structures of zero (lower) overlap from below from the underground. Often this is done with bituminous mastics, as "customers love it." This does not increase the life of the floor. It is necessary to take care of good ventilation of the subfloor by installing a sufficient amount of air in the basement!
With poor ventilation of the underground, bituminous mastic will hide from the eyes possible problems with OSB-3 sheathing due to constant moisture, which will not allow taking the necessary measures to eliminate the causes in time. The same thing can happen as with OSB-3 under a bituminous roof in the photo above.
For external protection of enclosing structures from moisture, special vapor-permeable membranes (wind protection) are used, which protect the structure from precipitation and wind, but do not prevent steam from escaping from the structure to the outside.
About vapor barrier
It doesn't have to be film. Many finishing materials can perform the function of a vapor barrier for building envelopes.
For example, a 12 mm thick OSB-3 board prevents the diffusion of water vapor as a vapor barrier (Sd > 2 m according to DIN 52615), so SIP panels do not need a vapor barrier.
Other examples are flexible plaster, synthetic-backed laminate, etc. Linoleum will protect the bottom floor from both steam and moisture.
The basic rule for the construction of multilayer building envelopes is that the vapor permeability of the wall should increase from the inner surface (warm room) to the outer (street). If you do the opposite, give steam from a warm room an easy entrance and make it difficult to exit, then it will remain in the building envelope, wetting and destroying the building material.
- assemble external and load-bearing walls from SIP panels
- interior partitions on request (frame partitions can also be installed at the finishing stage)
- assemble interfloor ceiling from beams
- make a zero (lower) overlap from SIP with a thickness of 224 mm - you will not regret it!
- if possible, assemble a simple roof over the attic from SIP, in other cases make a rafter roof
- the attic floor can be made of SIP, it can also be done along the beams.
If subsequently in some place of the joints of the SIP panels a place unfilled with foam is found, there is no need to panic. The defect is easily eliminated at any time. It is enough to make a small hole in the cladding of the SIP panel and foam the voids with mounting foam.
If the exterior decoration of the house is delayed, it is better to hide the outer walls of the SIP house from exposure to ultraviolet radiation and slanting rains. Mounting foam unprotected from sunlight quickly collapses, the wood dries out and cracks (especially on the sunny side). Because of this, with heavy slanting rain, moisture can penetrate into the structures.
To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to seal the resulting gaps with a mounting exchange. Increased attention should be paid to the rain protection of the joints of walls with ceilings. The easiest and most inexpensive way is to sheathe the walls from the outside with a membrane (wind protection) that does not let moisture into the walls, but releases steam to the outside.
A few notes on the operation of a "freshly built" SIP house. For various reasons, the design of the house may contain excess moisture. Most often it is bad weather. It is rarely possible to assemble a house without rain.
Excess moisture from the structure enters the air, therefore, at the initial stages of the operation of the house, increased humidity in the premises is possible. During this period, increased attention to the ventilation of the house is necessary.
Insufficient ventilation can lead to problems, since humidity and heat are a fertile environment for the appearance of blackness and even mold on the surface of the tree. Ventilation and treatment of problem areas with a protective compound effectively eliminates adverse effects. But it's better not to let them.
You need to be especially careful during the cold season. Despite the cold, at first the windows in all rooms must be kept ajar. Turning on the heating in a clogged room can cause the air humidity to rise so that the dew point is on the surface of the walls.
Unfavorable conditions for wooden structures can occur when only part of the rooms are heated. Water vapor from warm rooms enters cold rooms and condenses on the walls. Dampness is formed with all the ensuing consequences.
A new type of material is always associated with a good indicator of durability, strength, availability. There is something to compete with, so manufacturers of SIP panels create a building material from which a residential building can be assembled in a few days. And for such work, cranes, tractors and concrete mixers on wheels are not needed.
All work is carried out on the assembly of the house due to the manual labor of 1 brigade. We will analyze the construction processes from such an interesting material in stages.
We are preparing the foundation
A house made of SIP panels must be placed on an already dried foundation.
You need to know that the future design is not heavy, the type will do:
- Columnar;
- Tape;
- pile;
- Screw.
The basis on piles is more profitable, because the house can be built on any soil.
Even if there are further problems with the soil, the building will not be damaged. Pile foundations are also mounted very quickly, in one or two days.
About the installation of a columnar foundation. About the strip foundation.
How we build a house
Please note that houses from SIP panels are assembled according to the project or instructions. Parts or structures are delivered to the object already in finished form.
They have the right dimensions, there are openings for windows and doors. The number and dimensions of SIPs are calculated and ordered several months in advance, so that later there are no delays during assembly. This is what savvy customers do.
Another situation is when the owners of future buildings want to work with their own hands. They take over the assembly, but are required to submit documentation for the preparation of SIP panels. It does not happen that right during the construction of the facility, the preparation of a new element begins.
We start construction
SIP structures are assembled with a base. This element is located on the foundation. The classic look is a timber construction. The base is assembled like this:
- Make strapping around the entire perimeter of the future structure;
- The crossbar is mounted. They must rest on pillars or pillars of the base.
The classic technology for assembling a house from SIP panels involves assembling the floor. So faster, there will be no waste of materials. There may be drawbacks, but there are no analogues in terms of speed.
Let's assemble the walls
The first floor begins with the installation of the uterus or guide rail. It is mounted to the base with anchor bolts. Here you need to work and measure very carefully. If you make mistakes, then snacking on future walls of SIP panels is possible.
Let's assemble the walls according to this scheme:
- We start from the corner of the first floor. Initially we put the panel. Then we securely fix it to the already fixed beam on the foundation. Any actions are checked by constant changes.
- We are engaged in the installation of the following SIP panels, which must be placed at an angle of 90 degrees. The seams of the connection of the planes must be foamed immediately. The angle must be ideal, since the direction is set from it, this is a guideline for the installation of the following parts of the structure.
- We collect the remains of the walls, put the prepared SIP panels. Here is the thorn-groove technology. Each of the elements is mounted on a guide beam, and is grasped between each other thoroughly due to self-tapping screws.
We see that such an assembly scheme is quite simple. A lot of time is spent on control and additional measurements, but in terms of installation there is nothing complicated. When we connect SIP elements, it is necessary to maintain right angles.
We complete work on the first floor with mounting foam. We process the entire perimeter with it, all the seams, the strapping. Foam adds practicality, often acting as a marker for installing SIP elements at the top.
About the roof
When the roof frame is also planned to be assembled from SIP panels, there is no need to worry about the truss system or other structural features. All the strength of the frame is already in the prepared roof panel. When they begin to build, they put a beam along the perimeter of the future roof, only it is fixed to the trim of the finish floor.
It is not difficult to assemble a roof from SIP panels, it is done like this:
- Assemble the pediments. The process is the same as with the installation of floors. You need to work without haste, constantly measure the corners.
- Before lifting the panels, it is necessary to install a beam, which will be a support.
- Further on the strapping and the above timber are mounted in the panel, then they are qualitatively fixed with anchors.
Any part of the house is built according to the same algorithm. Let the panel be quite strong, sometimes some corners or areas need to be reinforced with a connecting board, then this material will give rigidity, good resistance in case of natural disasters.
Results
The simplest technology when compared to any other modern approaches. They described a classic type technique, where the main skill of the installer is attentiveness and accuracy.
It is important to remember about the foam, the processing of gaps between the shields. And, by the way, it is better to use waterproof polymer glue.
No mention was made of internal partitions. Everything is the same here, only the SIPs themselves are slightly thinner. There is no need to use connecting boards indoors because the fastening system is sufficient for this part of the facility.
The construction of houses from sip panels has become widespread in Canada and Europe. Today this method enjoys well-deserved popularity in our country. Many companies provide these services, but due to the ease of use, it is possible to build a house from sip panels on your own, without involving qualified performers. If you follow a simple technology, you can get a decent result in a short time.
SIP (Structural insulated panel): characteristics, advantages and disadvantages
Sip panels are three-layer sandwich panels. Between two layers of solid sheet material, there is a heat-insulating and sound-proofing layer. OSB boards are most often used as external layers, polystyrene foam acts as a filler. Less commonly, mineral wool is used for filling, since this significantly increases the weight and cost of the elements. Outside, they are treated with fire-fighting and antiseptic impregnations. Sip sandwiches are produced in various thicknesses - 124; 174 and 224 mm, depending on the destination. The main linear dimensions are 2500 * 1250 mm and 2800 * 1250 mm, although products of other sizes can be ordered. 
The popularity of this product is due to a large number of advantages:
- Factory readiness. When ordering prefabricated elements at the factory, the assembly takes place in such a way as to take into account all the features of the project and reduce assembly errors to a minimum. Also, many manufacturers complete products with a studded board, which ensures a reliable tenon-groove connection. In other cases, the complete set with a bar is made at the place of assembly.
- Ease of use. The technology is so simple that the building can be assembled by hand. At the same time, the set of tools for work is minimal.
- Wide application. From SIP it is possible to build country cottages, office and warehouse premises, garages and carry out the installation of other buildings and structures.
- High heat and noise insulation. The presence of foam or mineral wool provides excellent thermal properties.
- Strength. Manufacturers give a guarantee of at least 50 years.
- Ease of construction. Light weight allows the use of lightweight types of foundations.
- Construction speed.
- All season. The absence of "wet" processes allows you to carry out the installation yourself, regardless of weather conditions.
- Saving. The use of this technology at all stages of construction from floor to roof, reduces material costs.
- Reducing the cost of heating.
The disadvantages include:
- Synthetic materials.
- Full tightness of buildings. For normal operation of such an object, a good forced ventilation system is required.
- Flammability. There are heated debates about this, although manufacturers promise a high class of fire safety.
It is necessary to responsibly approach the choice of SIP so that they meet all the specified requirements. The presence of impregnation for biological protection, fire-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings, the thickness of the frame coating and the density of the insulating layer.
Preparatory stages of work
- Project selection. If the appearance of the building, its size, number of floors and design depends only on the wishes of the customer, then the preparation of project documentation and the calculation of the number of sandwiches should be entrusted to professionals. This will help you avoid mistakes and save money.
- Manufacturer's choice. You should first study the supply market and choose a company that is trusted and follows the technological process of manufacturing and packaging.
- Purchase and delivery of the order.
The main works on the construction of the building
Foundation
The most important step is the selection and proper arrangement of the foundation. The light weight of the structure will allow the use of any type of base: tape of small depth, monolithic or columnar type. Most often, screw piles are used, which reduces the construction time to 2-3 days. This process is carried out as carefully as possible, avoiding errors and inaccuracies. The device of the pile foundation can be done by hand. The site is marked according to the project, starting from the corners. Axial threads are stretched between the corner pegs and seats for piles are marked. The distance for neighboring supports is 2-2.5 m. After that, the piles are twisted to the desired depth, below the freezing point of the soil for this climatic zone.
With the help of a level, a single level is found for the entire frame. Horizontal leveling can be done by additional twisting or cutting off excess. The twist fitting method is not recommended, as this loosens the soil. After that, we connect the “heels” of the piles using a metal channel, lay a waterproofing layer, for which we use roofing material, and mount a strapping beam on top using bolted connections.
Floor arrangement
From sip panels, you can assemble a full-fledged floor with your own hands. To do this, frame slabs are laid over the area, having previously treated them with waterproofing mastic. A connecting beam is used as a lag. For better sealing, polyurethane foam sealant is applied to all joints. After that, to improve strength, all joints are fastened with self-tapping screws in increments of 10-15 cm. Often, boardwalk is additionally mounted on top of the “pie” using self-tapping screws. In conclusion, a strapping device is carried out, along which the walls of the future dwelling will be directly assembled.
We raise the walls
Despite the apparent complexity, building walls is also quite doable with your own hands. We start assembling the structure from the corner, for which we set the corner panels horizontally and vertically, using the building level for quality control. Further, from the exposed corner multilayer slabs, we ourselves mount the subsequent ones, heading in two directions to the next corners. We glue each connecting groove with a mounting sealant. At the end of the construction of the walls of the first floor, we lay the strapping board on top, which will serve as the basis for the interfloor overlap. 
We carry out the installation of floors by analogy with the floor, performing step by step the technology of laying plates. If necessary, we strengthen the structure with an additional beam. In the ceilings, it is necessary not to forget the technological openings for ventilation ducts and other communications. With the help of releases of the connecting board, it is possible to form the basis for balconies, loggias, various decorative structures.
The fastening of the structural elements of the second floor is similar in execution to the installation of sip-sandwiches on the first level.
When arranging the roof, for small volumes, you can do without installing a truss system, since the panels have the necessary margin of safety. This method saves a significant amount of money. For large roof areas, it is necessary to mount rafters. But even in this case, the savings are noticeable, because the use of additional waterproofing films and other coatings is excluded. On top, for ventilation, a rack lathing is arranged and the final finishing of the roof is carried out with any chosen material: metal tiles, ondulin, etc. 
Finishing
With the right work, we get smooth and even surfaces that can be easily finished with any material. For interior space, drywall is most often used, in bathrooms and kitchens - ceramic tiles. For the street, siding, decorative plasters are suitable.
Thus, the widespread use of sip sandwiches for the construction of buildings is due to the undoubted advantages of the material, the ability to perform the entire range of work with one's own hands, as well as significant savings in the construction process and subsequent operation.
When assembling a house from SIP, builders are guided by the assembly scheme, which is prepared at the preliminary stage. The house assembly technology approved by TERMOVILLA is strictly proven and guarantees high reliability of the entire structure.
Basement
Starting assembly, we take care of waterproofing, since the wooden elements of the structure must be isolated from its metal and concrete parts. This is done before starting the laying of the lower strapping beam. A waterproofing layer of waterproof material is applied to the foundation, and the lower strapping beam is already laid on top of it.
When erecting the frame, walls and ceilings, beams are used (I-beams can be used), directly SIP panels and fasteners. The installation of the strapping beam is carried out in accordance with the drawings to the zero level, which is determined using a level. This stage of work requires special attention, since the assembly quality of the whole house directly depends on it. The lower tie bar is fastened to the foundation using anchor bolts located in the center of the tie bar at a step of 500 mm. The heads of the bolts are recessed flush into the upper edge of the strapping.
After that, on the lower strapping beam, we mount the basement from wooden logs and SIP panels. Logs are laid in grooves prepared in SIP panels. Installation of SIP panels is carried out as follows: first, a corner panel is installed. The next panel is attached to it on the other side. So the entire extreme row is laid out and spliced along the length. After that, a connecting beam is inserted into the side groove, to which the panels are then successively added, and the next row is assembled. In this case, it is important to strictly adhere to the installation plan for the basement.
Before installing SIP panels, all grooves in polystyrene foam are treated with mounting foam. When connecting panels with wooden floor joists and insert beams, wood screws are used. The logs and the connecting beam are connected along the length with wood screws. The plinth is fixed to the lower strapping beam through the connecting beam with hexagonal screws. The ends are completely covered with timber.
Installation of walls from SIP panels
When the basement is ready, they proceed to the installation of walls from SIP panels on the ground floor. They start with the lower strapping of the walls of the first floor, which is also carried out strictly according to the developed installation scheme. The gaps between the strappings are equal in thickness to the OSB plates that are part of the SIP panel. This is taken into account when preparing the installation scheme, which the builders then strictly adhere to so that there are no problems during assembly. The lower trim of the first floor is attached to the basement using self-tapping screws at a pitch of 400 mm. To simplify installation and increase strength, the lower trim is given without breaks in places for doorways. Only after assembling the walls of the first floor, cutouts are made in it for doorways.
After preparing the lower trim, they begin to install walls from SIP panels. The walls consist directly of panel and timber frame. During installation, they are also guided by the scheme and marking of the walls made in production. First install 2 corner panels, checking their verticality with a level. Then, with two self-tapping screws, an extreme rack is attached to the bottom trim, covering the end of the wall. Wall SIP panels are attached to it. The rack must enter the selection made in the polystyrene foam layer, treated with mounting foam. The SIP-panel is fixed to the strapping and the rack with wood screws on both sides of the panel at a pitch of 150 mm. The rack and panel on the other side of the corner are attached in the same way. Corner panels are pulled together with self-tapping capercaillie screws at a step of 500 mm.
Sequential installation of all other racks and partitions from SIP panels around the perimeter and for interior spaces is carried out in the same way - from the first corner in both directions. Racks are attached to the outer walls with self-tapping screws at a pitch of 400 mm, and with two self-tapping screws to the lower trims. The panels are attached to the bottom rails and posts with screws at a pitch of 150 mm. The places of T-shaped joints and the corners between the bearing walls are tightened with capercaillie screws at a step of 500 mm. All samples in the polystyrene foam layer are treated with polyurethane foam.
The last corner is chosen in advance, at which the installation of walls from the SIP panels of the first floor will be completed. The last stand is inserted into the SIP panel sample, covering the end of the wall. A panel is sewn to the rack with screws and, with the help of self-tapping capercaillie screws, the last corner is pulled together at a step of 500 mm. After assembling the walls of the first floor, the upper samples in the SIP panels are treated with mounting foam and the upper trim is inserted into them. It is attached to the uprights of the first floor with self-tapping screws, and the panels of the first floor are attached on both sides to the upper trim with screws at a pitch of 150 mm.
Installation of walls from SIP panels of other floors is carried out in a similar way. The floor beams of the SIP house in the attic and between floors, as well as other floor elements, are assembled similarly to the basement floor.
Choose the optimal design and materials
At TERMOVILLA, the customer has the opportunity to choose the design features of the house and various materials. We will coordinate with the customer the thickness of the panels for the outer walls, the thickness of the basement and floor beams, which can be 124 mm, 174 mm or 224 mm. You can also choose the type of interfloor slabs - use block or slabs on wooden beams; roof truss or panel structure. The possibility of such a choice allows customers not only to implement their ideas, but also to plan the construction budget, depending on their financial capabilities.
