How to make a stone fence Fences made of stone: reliable protection for private houses. A few simple design rules
Since ancient times, the stone has been associated with solidity, invincibility. It is not surprising that even today it is actively used to form fences, fences in areas and around houses. But we must thoroughly approach the creation of such barriers, because only then they can reliably protect personal space from intruders and at the same time demonstrate real beauty and elegance.
Pros and cons of a stone fence
A stone fence has a number of significant advantages. In particular, masonry is guaranteed to last at least 50 years, and if it is done correctly and in accordance with all the rules, then a much longer period. The complete naturalness of the material allows you to eliminate any environmental and sanitary risk by 100%. By varying the types of blocks and fractions, you can change the price within a fairly wide range.
In contrast to the use of wood, the risk of fire is zero. Any work on the construction of a fence made of stone parts can be done independently.
The stone is easily included in compositions and can be used against the backdrop of any landscape. Its compatibility with natural and synthetic materials is very high. At the same time, it is important to remember about weak positions: certain types of stone materials are very expensive, and in order for the entire structure to be strong and stable, you will need to put a foundation under it. But, if you independently build a fence around a private house, you can save a lot.
Material selection
A wide variety of types of stones can be used in fence construction, and one of the most common solutions is cobblestone. "Boulder stones", as they are sometimes called, are outwardly simple and at the same time quite strong.
It is not necessary to choose traditional gray boulders - there are also red-brown options on the market. As for the boot, this is also a very popular solution.
Widespread are barriers created with gravel filling the grid. The use of heterogeneous fractions allows you to make fences of various shapes, sometimes large and small varieties of rock are used simultaneously. Dolomite, mined in the mountains, has excellent protective and decorative properties at the same time.
Limestone is quite diverse, but whatever it is - marble, shell rock, and so on - it will be easy to process the stone. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the intensive absorption of water, which is prevented by treatment with special reagents.
A variety of artificial stone suitable for the construction of fences is the so-called "French". To produce this material, a special kind of machine is used. In essence, “French stone” refers to cinder blocks that are empty inside, which were obtained by vibration pressing.
Additionally, the application of compounds that enhance its resistance to moisture helps to improve the material. The appearance of fencing made of artificial stone is no worse than that of options made from natural materials.
Moreover, there are a number of advantages:
- the highest period of service, unattainable for natural blocks;
- low price;
- the ability to create any texture of your choice (torn, chipped, completely smooth or rough when touched);
- lightening the load on the base;
- strictly standardized sizes.
An important characteristic is always the appearance of a particular material. So, for example, fences based on wild rubble stone are white, yellow, black and blue. In addition to pure colors, their shades can also be used. By the way the booth looks, it has different names - "flagstone", "bed" and so on.
Bulk fences began to be used relatively recently, but they have already gained considerable popularity among developers.
Pergons, for example, are able to decorate the landscape and country house. By varying the filling of the structure, it is possible to create an unusually good look. If the structure is done correctly, it will last as long as a traditional brick barrier.
The shell looks very good, but we must remember that wet cold weather will quickly destroy it, so this solution is not suitable for lowlands.
It is more reliable to fill the bulk structure with natural Dagestan stone. It can be represented by various breeds and is superior in quality to natural raw materials from most flat quarries. If it is necessary to save money as much as possible, then you need to use a gabion, filling it with construction or repair waste, broken bricks and all sorts of similar materials.
Taking a cobblestone somewhere in the field, you can significantly complicate further work. Much easier and easier to immediately contact specialized stores. If there are no special preferences for the appearance of the fence and its elements, you need to take stones with one flat face. Complex structures are created on the basis of pebbles and gravel, as the easiest materials to mold. They should also be used when working on the corners of the future fence.
With the help of rubble stone, you can form gracefully looking long spans, each of which seems unique and unrepeatable.
How to make?
Design
It is impossible to make the right decision and build a long-serving fence if you do not take into account three key factors:
- groundwater (how plentiful they are, how high they stand, and how great the chemical aggressiveness is);
- properties of the surrounding area;
- soil quality and predicted atmospheric impacts.
Next, you need to pay attention to how great the skills in the construction industry are, or how much money a person is ready to give to the performers for creating a fence. So, for example, the combination of stone with wood allows you to make the appearance of the territory more harmonious. But achieving the desired result is not easy, and without special training it is completely impossible. A stone in a mesh or a gabion based on thick steel wire is a simpler technology, while guaranteeing the highest strength.
Most often, natural stone and brick are combined, which is used in the main part of the structure, and stone blocks go to the base and in the intervals from one pillar to another. If gabions are used, then framing with green plants will help to make them more attractive. But such a decision should be immediately taken into account in the project in order to prevent serious errors.
On the drawings, the locations of all pillars, the attachment points of gates and gates, the levels of each side of the site should be marked.
building
The first step in building a stone fence is always pouring the foundation. There are two competing technologies: using concrete or laying rubble stones on ordinary cement mortar. The second option is attractive for its simplicity, but its reliability is a big question.
In any case, a completely dry base is a prerequisite for success. Until it hardens, construction cannot continue.
In order not to be mistaken, the outer corners of the proposed fence are marked with stakes and a cord is stretched. A strip foundation with reinforcing elements, which is 0.15-0.2 m wider than the ground structure, will help to avoid subsidence of the earth and the distortion of the fence.
After that, you must perform the following steps:
- waterproofing;
- stone laying;
- processing of the resulting seams.
Moisture protection is created in two stages. Even before pouring concrete, it will be necessary to cover the walls, recesses and its bottom with roofing material. When the filled layer dries, the roofing material is placed again, but already on the finished site. This will avoid the penetration of groundwater into the fence and its gradual destruction.
Laying a stone is quite difficult, the main difficulty is usually the exact selection of blocks in size and configuration. Cobblestones can even be cut according to the required parameters, but this is a very laborious and not so fast job. Sandstone and pre-sanded cobblestone can be laid in exactly the same way as simple bricks. Rubble elements according to laying technology are closer to the formwork.
Regardless of the specific material, pillars are first formed, each of which is made wider than the span.
It is most convenient to tie the supports to the edges of the spans by ligation, especially when angular stones are chosen for masonry. The dressing is formed from the first two stones on both sides, then the 1st and 2nd support row is created, the initial row of the span.
It is recommended to start creating masonry with stones of the most regular shape and the same size as possible. Other specimens are suitable when you need to lay walls, and the smallest fragments and fragments serve to fill voids and crevices.
It is important to take into account that wild stone must be washed in running water before starting work. Those areas that will be in contact with concrete, it is advisable to coat with latex glue. To keep it on an initially smooth surface, it is even recommended to cover it with notches. The binder solution is best made from cement, clean washed sand and PVA glue in a ratio of 1: 3: 0.25.
In most cases, stone fences are laid using the block masonry method, when rectangular or almost rectangular elements are used. Selecting a more carefully processed stone can make the fence stronger, and if you introduce relatively rough blocks, you can make the surface visually more attractive.
The horizontal mounting method involves the use of flat cobblestones; similar elements can be used for vertical placement. In rubble masonry, rounded stones are used, which are placed close to the formwork before pouring the mortar.
Seam finishing is very important after all, if it is not carried out or carried out poorly, the appearance of the fence will become worse. Too deep a seam makes sense even to close with additional portions of the solution. Heavily contaminated stone is cleaned with metal brushes.
It should be noted that there are building stones that require the removal of uncured mortar that has fallen into areas where it is not needed. When there is a need to adjust the design of the fence, for example, to eliminate defects that have appeared, it is advisable to use chipped granite.
The first step of finishing is the application of a facade primer, which will need to be covered with glue or cement with plasticizer additives. Only on a surface prepared in this way can granite be fixed. If you do not like its appearance, you should use other flat materials and structural plaster.
As for the necessary building materials, cement of the M300 or M400 category is used as a link. If crushed stone is used, then it should be of medium fractions. Sand fractions from 0.15 to 5 mm, reinforcement (rods) with a diameter of 0.8-1.2 cm are also considered the best choice for building a fence. Experts recommend making formwork from a semi-edged board, and take a thick steel pipe 35-40 dm long.
Suitable for work:
- wooden stakes;
- construction cord (6 skeins are usually enough);
- saws for wood and metal;
- roulette;
- shovels (at least earthmoving and bucket);
- plumb;
- tamping devices;
- spirit level;
- trowel;
- brush with hard wire;
- large bucket set.
As a final decor is widely used:
- clay tiles;
- graceful lanterns;
- forged elements;
- gratings.
Calculations
Even before the start of work and the purchase of materials, you need to make competent calculations. It is necessary to clarify the boundaries of land ownership and the area reserved for the cast shadow. Only then can you find out what exactly the height of the fence should be, and where it should be placed. Based on the calculations, an estimate is formed, building materials and tools are purchased (if necessary).
Almost always, a height of 200-220 cm is enough, and the number of future supports is calculated on the assumption that spans are 250-320 cm.
How to make a fence of wild stone, see the following video.
Beautiful examples
The technical aspects of building stone fences are very important. But their “appearance” is no less relevant, because it is by it that your aesthetic taste and ability to design space will be judged.
Antique hedge, decorated with relief (protruding) stones of a pinkish hue, rectangular clusters of which are framed by rich yellow brick, looks very elegant and fresh. A good alternative to it is seemingly chaotic masonry, the harmony between the elements of which is supported by the choice of a limited number of colors. The photo shows how well such a fence is perceived, reflected in the pond and adjacent to a low stone border of the same color.
Finishing a country house fence using a combination of gray and pinkish stone can also be a pretty idea. Rough-shaped blocks, fastened with gray cement mortar, turn out to be attractive if you choose the right combination and use pillars that rise above the main canvas.
By abandoning strict classicism, you can significantly expand the range of acceptable design moves. It will look extremely original, for example, a “tree” stylized right on the wall, assembled from stones that are somewhat different in color and shape from the rest of the material.
To make the composition even more advantageous, it is worth putting them in a relief way with the pattern going beyond the frontal plane of the fence.
Here is another non-standard solution: a wavy line of dark color, launched over the entire surface of a white stone massif. Another way to set off the beauty of natural material is its landscaping: some parts are covered with greenery more strongly, others are left partially or completely open. It is important that the plants are discreet, then the pristine beauty of the wild stone will be revealed as fully as possible.
A very large difference in the size of stone blocks can be turned from a minus into a plus if the composition is properly thought out. To emphasize the difference and make the appearance of the fence more interesting, the use of stone of different tones helps. You can even introduce dark and light blocks into one wall - this will only improve the design qualities of the fence.
A mesh gabion filled with a relatively small (slightly smaller than the average fraction) stone seems to many people to be something uninteresting and outwardly faded. But you can use the original move: make the barrier not the same height, but in the form of a "ladder": each next section is slightly lower than the previous one. The “green gap” should also be recognized as not the worst solution, when the upper third of the gabion is separated from its lower part by a strip through which branches and leaves of shrubs come out.
A fence around a house or a country cottage can be both just a beautiful addition to landscape design, and a reliable shelter from prying eyes and outside interference in personal life. The choice of one or another material for construction determines the characteristics of the future fence and its durability. A fence made of stone has always been considered the most reliable and durable option. If you responsibly approach its formation and choice of material, the fence can also become one of the decorations of the site.
Features of stone fences
The construction of fences to protect the house of stone began several centuries ago. At the same time, even the development of technology and the emergence of new materials did not greatly affect the popularity of this type of fence. There are several reasons for this, and all of them are caused by the features of the barrier.
- Durability (the higher, the better the solution connecting the stones).
- Environmental friendliness.
- Large selection of materials (fences are made of both natural and artificial stone).
- Fire protection without additional treatment.
- Versatility in relation to the design of the house and suburban area.
How and from what stone can a fence be built
Choosing natural stone as the main material for creating a fence, you can be sure of the strength, reliability and durability of the structure. However, the variety of shapes, colors and types of this raw material can add other positive aspects. That is why, before forming a stone fence, it is necessary to study all the varieties of decorative stone on the market and choose the most attractive option, based not only on aesthetic preferences, but also based on objective factors - the characteristics of groundwater, soil, climate, and so on.
Boulders or cobblestones
Cobblestone and boulders are the most budget options that are used to make a stone fence with your own hands. At the same time, it has the main feature of materials of its kind - high strength. The most common color of boulder stone is gray, but it is not very attractive. When choosing raw materials, it is recommended to give preference to rounded samples of red-brown shades. Such a cobblestone will give the fence an attractive and original appearance. If desired, the samples that form a fence of decorative natural stone can be leveled by breaking with a sledgehammer on a chipped flat surface.
Gravel
A few years ago, pebbles and gravel were of little use in the construction of fences. This is due to the small size of the material and the inconvenience of laying. Today it is more common, as it is used in gabion nets. Gravel of large fractions is used for the erection of fences autonomously. Some designs involve a combination of fine and coarse raw materials. In order to achieve maximum strength, gravel is combined with brick.
Dolomite
Dolomite is a wear-resistant and reliable material with high strength characteristics. Construction around sections of stone fences based on it is widespread in suburban villages. Its extraction takes place in mountain mines by rock explosion. This leaves a certain imprint on the properties of the material, making it resistant to mechanical damage. To give dolomite an attractive appearance, it is carefully processed with a grinding machine before sale. With its help, the dimensions and shape of the stone are formed. The surface of the treated dolomite is smooth. If desired, you can choose the material in such a way as to form a geometric pattern during masonry.
Limestone
Limestone is one of the most common variants of natural stone and is found in several varieties: marble-like, shell rock, bryozoan. All types of limestone, due to their natural softness, are excellent for processing. Because of this, many "novice" builders choose this material to practice on the construction of the fence. With insufficient pre-treatment, it is brittle and prone to destruction under the influence of dampness and moisture. To extend the service life, limestone must be treated with a water repellent before the construction of the fence.
Sandstone
Fences made of shell rock or Dagestan stone are not very durable. However, processing with special compounds removes this drawback, which, however, is easily compensated by the affordable cost of the material. Due to this, as well as the colorful appearance, the decorative wild stone fence is widely used in the construction of houses and fences. Among the advantages of such fences are moisture and frost resistance.
rubble stone
The irregular shape of the buta gives the stone fence an original and unique appearance. It is mined from dolomites, limestones or sandstones. The length of the rib varies from 15 to 50 cm. In some cases, the rubble is used exclusively as a lining for a fence made of another material.
Stone of artificial origin
Artificial materials are increasingly competing with natural ones, largely due to their lower price. At the same time, it is difficult to distinguish the externally finished product from natural raw materials. This also applies to fences. When choosing an artificial stone to form a fence, you may encounter three main types of this material:
- porcelain stoneware - made on the basis of clay and special mineral additives;
- agglomerate - a combination of polyester resin and stone chips, used for cladding;
- concrete-based stone is the most common material made from concrete with the addition of various fillers.
Especially popular in recent years are fences made of French stone. It is formed from concrete by vibrocompression followed by coating with waterproof compounds.
Advantages and disadvantages of using stone for fence construction
Before purchasing material and erecting a stone fence, it is recommended to carefully study its strengths and weaknesses.
pros
- Long service life, usually more than 50 years.
- Fences made of natural stone do not harm the environment and do not harm humans.
- Large assortment and, as a result, a wide price range.
- Fire safety.
- The attractiveness of the finished fence.
- The stone naturally and organically combines with other materials.
Minuses
The main disadvantage of a stone fence is the need to fill the foundation. At the same time, the higher and more massive the fence, the more solid it should be. Another negative side is the high cost of some varieties. True, if you take up the construction of the fence on your own, you can save a lot.
Combining stones with other materials
The stone fence is attractive in itself. However, the addition of other materials during the design will give it originality and help distinguish the fence from a number of others.
The fence, formed on the basis of wood and stone, loses its protective functions, but is particularly attractive. This is a classic that harmoniously fits into any landscape. The standard construction consists of stone pillars about 2 m high with a concrete cap and wooden sections. Before laying, a foundation is formed, the depth of which should be at least 1 m, and the width - 0.5 m. The process of building such a fence is not easy, therefore, one cannot do without drawing up a project, appropriate knowledge and skills.
The advantages of this type of fence are the ventilation of the site and the lack of shading. The negative side is the fragility of the wooden part of the fence and, as a result, the need to constantly update it.
The combination of brick and stone is widespread in the formation of fences for cottages and country cottages. This combination is distinguished by presentability and reliability. The fence has good protection against weather disasters and mechanical damage. In addition, it provides security from outside interference. Today, on the sites you can often find fences made of brick and French stone.
To equip such a fence, a foundation is poured, after which brick pillars and a low base are laid out. The formed sections are filled with a decorative stone of the selected type. The final design looks expensive and solid.
Gabions, or caged stones, are a new approach to building fences. They are a metal mesh made of large-diameter wire, filled with small-sized crushed stone, pebbles and similar medium- or fine-grained raw materials. Thanks to the combination of steel and stone, a strong and reliable construction is obtained, which does not require much effort in terms of maintenance. The shape of the fence can be arbitrary. Often gabion structures are used as a frame for hedges.
How to make a stone fence
Regardless of what material the fences are made of - natural or artificial (for example, French) stone, their construction requires a careful approach.
Preparation
First of all, for the fence you will need the main material. In construction, rubble or hewn stone can be used. Hewn blocks include blocks of clear sizes and shapes. They are more comfortable and easier to lay. For beginners, it is better to prefer them. Booth has an irregular shape, so that the fence looks especially attractive and original.
In addition to stone, the following tools and raw materials will be needed to form the fence:
- cement (it is recommended to choose the M300 brand);
- sand;
- crushed stone;
- nails and boards (for formwork);
- reinforcement (to give the foundation rigidity);
- metal pipe with a diameter of 50-80 mm (for laying inside the pillars);
- concrete mixer or container for manual mixing of the solution;
- shovel;
- construction trowel;
- welding machine (for welding fittings together);
- level and plumb;
- tape measure, rope and stakes.
Choosing a location and marking the future fence are also part of the preparatory stage. Before proceeding with the "field" work, you need to draw a fence diagram indicating the locations of the support pillars, gates and gates, as well as all dimensions, including height (usually 2-2.5 m). The area where construction work will take place is cleared of debris, excess vegetation, leveled, after which the drawing is transferred to the area. Pegs are installed along the perimeter of the fence, between which twine is pulled. This will become the contour of the erected fence.
Construction stages
- Foundation formation. Since any stone fences are heavy, this stage is indispensable. The width of the foundation should exceed the width of the fence by about 15 cm, the height of the base is chosen at the discretion of the owner (it is better that it be at least 10 cm). The depth of the trench under the base is from 70 to 130 cm (depending on the characteristics of the soil). The bottom of the pit is covered with a sand cushion, which is carefully compacted. To create a foundation, you can use concrete and a reinforcing base, or a combination of cement mortar and buta. The first option is preferable, since concrete tends to strengthen over time, while rubble is prone to destruction, although the technology for organizing this type of foundation is simpler. You can proceed to the next stage of construction work only after the concrete has dried and hardened.
- Waterproofing installation. It is carried out in two stages. The first occurs before pouring the foundation and consists in placing a roofing material around the perimeter of the trench. You need to process both the bottom and the walls. After the foundation is filled and completely dry, another layer of roofing material is laid on top of it. These manipulations are performed in order to prevent moisture from entering the structure in order to avoid its destruction.
- Section formation. This is the main stage during which the laying of the stone takes place. During the process, care must be taken to ensure that the stone fits each other in size and shape. If necessary, the contours of the cobblestones can be corrected, but this is a long and laborious operation. Detailed masonry technology depends on the type of material. Laying natural stone is different from using artificial raw materials. Sandstone and cobblestones can be laid using the same technology as bricks, but for rubble, you will probably have to build formwork. The general requirement is the primary formation of pillars. Their width should be greater than that of the main spans.
- Seam processing. This stage is important for the aesthetic beauty of the fence. If the seams are too deep, the voids between the stones are filled with additional mortar. The excess is removed with a metal brush, which should be carefully processed stones on the fence. Depending on the type of material used, the solution is removed immediately after the formation of the row or after complete drying.
Finishing work
As a rule, do-it-yourself stone fences have flaws and flaws of various sizes. In some cases, this causes surface roughness. The most common way to finish hedges is to apply chipped granite over the stone. The finishing process in this case takes place in several stages.
- Processing a completely dried fence with a facade primer.
- Application of cement mortar with the addition of a plasticizer. Instead of cement, the use of special glue is allowed.
- Fixing granite chips. For a more budget option, structural plaster or other flat materials can be used.
- Sealing and smoothing seams.
- Surface grinding.
Building a reliable fence is a laborious process. At the same time, you can make a stone fence with your own hands, even without prior preparation and special skills. If you approach the matter with all responsibility, the result will be an attractive and reliable fence of the site, which will delight the owners for many years.
It is human nature to equip your home as comfortably as possible - everyone wants to make their home cozy and reliable. The main role in protecting private households from extraneous encroachments is played by the fencing of the site. First of all, it is protection against intrusions into your territory and even just from prying eyes, which are also not pleasant to everyone. But the aesthetic function of the fence is no less important - it must complement and harmoniously fit into the overall style of the building.
The strength characteristics of this design should not be neglected either - the durability of the fence is important, since this is not an interior finish that can be redone according to your mood. Solidly built from quality material, a fence is a solid investment and years in which you won't have to worry about building a new one.
Today, there are a great variety of materials for fencing on the market: from the most budgetary to expensive and frankly pretentious options. Each of them has its own lifespan, of course.
If we talk about natural stone, then this material has earned its title of one of the most durable for centuries. To this day, stone buildings, ditches, masonry fences, which were built millennia ago, have been perfectly preserved! It says a lot, if not everything.
Currently, natural stone fences are prestigious, beautiful, reliable and very popular. Let's figure out what kind of fence can be built from stone, what kind of rocks are used for this, what is their plus, and maybe we will find the minuses.
What is a natural stone fence and what is it like?
Natural stone has long been adapted to be used for laying any structures. In particular, a fence can also be folded out of it. For this you will need:
- Actually, myself stone- its consumption will depend on the model and area of \u200b\u200bthe fence, as well as on the size of the stones themselves.
- Foundation for the structure- it must be capital, concreted and of high quality. This is important, since a flimsy or uneven support will simply lead to rapid subsidence and destruction of the masonry.
- Support pillars. The stone fence rests on the foundation from the ground, but in its length it must have appropriate, strong supports that support it, preventing the formation of cracks and collapses.
Despite the fact that, in fact, the same material is used during the construction - stone, the models of fences are quite diverse and you can always choose among them suitable for each specific site.
Types of stone fences
- Solid
Everything is clear here from the name - solid masonry, a given height - too high a fence in this case will seem too impregnable, it is better to choose the option of a solid fence a little higher than human height, that is, in the region of two meters or so.
Solid fences are easier to perform, but often more expensive, due to the greater consumption of not cheap material. In addition, a solid stone fence may not be very convenient due to its absolute visibility.
- Not solid, with gaps
It is also named after its appearance - here areas of dense masonry alternate with gaps, that is, places in which the territory of the household is visible, and from the yard one can see what is happening outside it. This model of the fence looks more attractive, the gaps facilitate the construction and make the site visually larger.
Such fences can be of various heights and lengths - this will already depend on the size of the site and the height of the building located on it. The option of a fence with gaps is more economical than a solid one, and the complexity of execution will depend directly on the client's imagination.
- Combined
In this case, natural stone is proposed to be combined with other building materials. It can be wood, metal, brick, concrete and even plastic.
Such fences, made in compliance with the correct proportions and harmonious combinations, will look no worse than a solid stone fence, but at the same time, they will cost much less in terms of the cost of materials and the complexity of execution.
It is important not to be afraid to experiment and think through all the nuances before starting construction - then you will definitely get an unusual, beautiful, durable and not too expensive fence.
A peculiar type of building, which is also successfully used for stone fences. Gabion - literally translated as a cage or basket, respectively, and the fence model looks like a cage (or, more simply, a mesh) made of metal wire, densely filled with stones.
Gabions are used both in the fencing of private property, and in the improvement of river lands and park areas.
Each type of stone fence is good in its own way, in any case, if it is well executed, then the strength of the structure will not be in doubt. Natural stone was, is and remains a durable and attractive building material. Its place in the construction market is firmly established, and stone is popular at all times.
Which fence stone do you prefer?
Stone is one of the most durable natural materials found in nature. However, it must be borne in mind that stone is different from stone. Naturally, there can be a lot of varieties of this material, but the most common types of stone for construction, including fences, are:
Granite
Surely everyone is known for its high hardness. Unfortunately, because of it, the construction of fences from granite is a more complicated process than from any other rock - granite is difficult to process, it requires special tools and equipment.
But on the other hand, this stone has a high natural attractiveness, a variety of pleasant colors and a stylish rough structure. Naturally, the price of granite itself and the performance of work from it will be higher than other analogues. Granite fence is rightfully considered the most expensive, which also plays an important role in the average popularity of this breed among consumers.
Dolomite
Also durable and wear-resistant material. This type of stone is mined in mines by rock explosion - that is, it is able to withstand significant mechanical loads and complex atmospheric phenomena. Before selling, dolomite is processed with special grinding wheels. As a result, its appearance is brought to flat elements of various shapes, sizes and thicknesses. Dolomite is attractive because it can be used to make geometrically attractive fences, with spectacular jointing on the masonry.
Cobblestone
This is a common name that characterizes the shape of the stones more. In fact, cobblestones come from various natural rocks: sandstone, limestone, slate, and a few others. For fences, beautiful shades of rocks are often selected - in red, brown or burgundy tones - colored stones look visually interesting. There are, however, those who want to have a fence made of gray or almost black cobblestones.
As a rule, for the construction of fences, cobblestones are used, in which one of the sides is flat. Masonry experts know how to break cobblestones with a sledgehammer in such a way that two or three elements with a flat side are obtained from one stone. When working with this material, it is important to observe safety precautions and protect others from possible injuries, and property from damage.
Limestone
Well-known and widespread breed. There are several types of limestone, they differ in appearance, however, they have similar properties. This is not an expensive natural stone, compared to other rocks, however, and the least durable. On the one hand, it is convenient because it is easy and affordable even for self-taught people to work with it, and on the other hand, in conditions of high humidity, limestone will fail earlier than other natural stones. This is due to its ability to absorb moisture, and when saturated, break down. Of course, limestone is still used as a building material, but this feature must be taken into account when planning the construction of a fence from it. Perhaps it is better to use this breed for finishing work or partially.
Sandstone
Also, natural stone is not particularly durable, but at the same time it is used in construction often and everywhere - both for the construction of buildings and structures, and fences. The secret of successful operation is simple - sandstone is treated with special strengthening solutions, which significantly increases its performance properties.
In work, this type of stone is quite simple, and the price for it pleases - the combination of all these factors makes sandstone such a popular building material.
Known as a material for construction for a long time, and has been successfully used for thousands of years. The structure of the shell rock is loose and porous, the stone is soft and at the same time quite durable. You can also work on the safety margin of this stone - then the building from it will steadfastly withstand all mechanical and atmospheric damage.
There are special solutions for the treatment of shell rock, which is used in areas with high humidity, you can additionally purchase a composition to protect the stone from microorganisms, moss, fungi and similar destroyers. If we are talking about operation in an urban region, then it would be a good decision to treat the shell rock for the construction of a fence with protection from the effects of acids, alkalis, and other harmful chemical elements.
gravel and pebbles
These small types of stones are also used for the construction of fences, however, quite rarely. Due to their size, they are difficult to work with and the construction process can be quite lengthy and laborious. In addition, to prevent the collapse of such a fence, it is recommended to additionally lay corners, bases and cornices with bricks or other types of material that can strengthen the entire structure.
Classification by type of processing
Natural stones are extracted from the rock, and, accordingly, sorted by type of degree of processing. There are three main types:
- Rude,
- Average,
- Sanded.
Rough stone needs pre-treatment at the construction site - it is slightly hewn, smoothing sharp corners. Masonry with coarsely chopped stone is a long and rather problematic process - due to the selection of elements that are suitable for each other. For the price, of course, this type of processing will be the most budgetary.
Medium-cut stone is used most often for the construction of fences - it is this type of processing that has the golden mean in terms of "price - quality". Beautiful masonry from it, of course, is available only to specialists, but in terms of work it is simpler than rough. At the place of laying, it is enough only to slightly polish it.
Polished natural stone is the most expensive of this segment of building materials, this is natural - as it is due to its type of processing. After mining, such a stone is sorted according to approximate sizes and carefully polished on grinding equipment. Its appearance is the most attractive, and it does not need any additional processing.
Fences made of polished stone are quite rare, since the cost of such a design will be decent. Finishing or partial laying of polished stone is more common. Visually, the fence made of this type of material looks even and smooth, goes well with forged and other decorative elements.
The principle of masonry
The main elements of any stone fence are: a foundation, a wall laid directly from stone and reinforcing pillars, which can also be made of stone or other material. Often, when building a stone fence, a plinth of various heights is formed on it, but extends along the entire length of the structure from the ground surface and a cornice crowning the stone structure from above. These elements additionally strengthen the building and at the same time, are able to decorate it.
When planning a fence made of natural stone, be sure to take into account the landscape of the area - whether it is flat or hilly, you may need to prepare the ground for construction.
Modern construction companies also offer a significant reduction in the cost of masonry: making the base of the fence from brick or the like, and the exterior from natural stone. This fencing option will cost much less, but, of course, it cannot be compared in its durability with a full-fledged natural stone masonry.
In any case, no matter what choice you make, take care to involve highly qualified specialists in the construction work, because no matter what stone the fence is built from, it is the accuracy and correct execution technique that primarily affects its appearance, strength and durability.
Stone fences have been in demand for many millennia and have been built with enviable constancy. Yes, a natural stone fence is not the kind of fence that everyone can afford, but the price of this pleasure is fully justified! Natural stone will last for hundreds of years, practically without changing its appearance. It is durable, reliable, effective and stylish.
Fences made of stone have been used by man since time immemorial. Currently, natural, natural materials, including stone, are at the peak of popularity. The huge variety of natural stone often leads the layman to confusion. Therefore, it is important to choose and make the right choice of a certain type of stone, suitable for erecting a fence, of a conceived design. 
Material selection (comparison table)
| Name of the stone | Price | physical characteristics | Material handling | Weather resistance |
| Cobblestone (boulder stone) | - fraction 70-100 mm - 850 rubles / m3; - fraction 105-300 mm - 2500 rubles / m3; - cobblestone for gabions -70-130 mm - 300 rubles / m3. |
durable, strong, the presence of only a few colors | with great effort | highly resistant |
| Gravel | From 800 R/t | durable, durable | with effort | highly resistant |
| Dolomite stone | From 700 r/m2 | durable, durable | with little effort | highly resistant |
| Limestone | 750 rub/t | durable, durable | soft to handle | absorbs moisture, requires treatment with water repellents |
| Sandstone | Depending on the color from 2200 to 9300 rub/m3 | durable, strong, variety of colors | with effort | highly resistant |
| Granite crushed stone | 1800 rub/t | durable, durable | with effort | highly resistant |
| Booth | 1000 rub/tn | durable, durable | with great effort | highly resistant |
No less popular building material for stone fences is artificial stone. Its cost is much less than the cost of natural, natural stone.
Preparatory activities
Before starting the construction of a stone fence with your own hands, you need to determine its exact location, draw a construction diagram, a foundation plan, and also make approximate calculations of the required volume of building materials.
If the site and household are in close proximity to the neighbors, then you should obtain their written consent to the construction of the building. To avoid, you should prepare and issue a package of documents for construction at the technical inventory bureau. These activities will allow you to start building a fence without complications and problems.
The preparatory stages of the construction of a fence made of natural stone also include:
- clearing the land from all kinds of debris and its layout (levelling);
- marking for the foundation device in accordance with the diagrams and drawings. Marking (fence lines, gate places, gates) on the ground is carried out using cords attached to stakes;
- purchase of building materials - stone, sand, cement, fittings;
- the purchase of the necessary tool - a welding machine, a shovel, a tank for preparing a cement mortar or a small concrete mixer.
The next step in the construction of a stone fence is the arrangement of the foundation.
Foundation
Digging a trench for the foundation is carried out in accordance with the markings made. Given that the stone is quite heavy and strong building material, the foundation must easily withstand the proper load, ensuring the reliability and strength of the structure.
Fences made of stone material are being built exclusively on a strip foundation based on reinforced concrete blocks or bricks. At the stage of arranging the foundation, it is necessary to adhere to the following requirements and rules:
- the width of the prepared foundation should be 15.0 cm more than the thickness of the fence, the trench is dug to a depth of up to 80.0 cm. If the fence is erected to a height of more than 2 meters, then the depth of the trench increases by 10.0 cm for each meter of the fence;
- first of all, a sand cushion with a thickness of at least 50.0 mm is made, which is spilled with water and rammed;
- then, reinforced concrete blocks are laid using mortar and additional connecting fittings from 30.0 to 40.0 mm in diameter;
- then a reinforced frame is mounted in the groove, around which a formwork made of edged boards is arranged, rising approximately 20.0-30.0 centimeters above ground level, and the entire structure is filled with mortar;
- the dismantling of the formwork is carried out in a few weeks (3-4 weeks), after the final solidification of the cement mortar;
- the openings of the gates and gates require the installation of support pillars, so the bearing parts are dug in and poured with reinforced concrete mortar.
At a time when the foundation is gaining strength (hardens), you can start sorting the acquired stones, which will help increase the speed of building a stone fence.
pillars
In order to speed up construction work, all pillars must be built simultaneously. In the construction of stone fences, floating forms (formwork) are widely used. To do this, you will have to make the required number of sectional formwork from self-tapping screws and boards about 150 mm high. The internal parameters of which correspond to the dimensions of the foundation. For one column, 2 pieces of collapsible formwork are required.
After making the frames, you should proceed according to the following algorithm:
- the formwork is mounted and the initial layer of stone is laid out. They are laid so that they fit as closely as possible to the collapsible form and to each other;
- then, with a thick solution, all cracks and voids are filled;
- then the next formwork is fastened with self-tapping screws and the stone and mortar are filled in the same way.
After a day or two, the lower parts of the collapsible forms can be removed and the construction of subsequent layers can begin. Voids found after dismantling the formwork must be immediately filled with mortar. In places where the lag is attached, metal corners should be released, which are welded to the pipes.
Formed and constructed pillars must be protected from the effects of precipitation. An impeccable option is the device of plastic or metal caps.
According to rough estimates (in the case of simultaneous erection of pillars), it will take 20-25 days to erect supports for a stone fence.
Walls
The erection of fence walls begins with marking the foundation. The spans of stone fences are made already by 100.0 mm of pillars, that is, the wall is shifted inward by 50.0 mm from the outside and inside. Along the edges of the wall with the help of a level, stones are symmetrically installed. The optimal sizes of stones for laying a wall are up to 25.0 cm.
On the thread stretched between the sections, they are guided during the subsequent laying of the wall. For ease of use and structural strength, it is recommended to lay the stones with the flat side up, carefully filling the gaps and voids between them with a cement-sand mortar.
The process of laying the wall is controlled by the level. Permissible deviation from the vertical position is not more than 10 mm per 2.0 m of wall height.
Fence jointing
Surface treatment and grouting are the final processes in the construction of natural and artificial stone fencing.
Masonry seams can be embroidered in three ways: deep, convex and shallow. The first option visually increases the volume of masonry.
The stitching is done using:
- scraper - a strip of metal (4 mm x 150 mm x 2.5 mm), at the end of which there is a protrusion ("tooth") measuring 10.0 mm by 20.0 m;
- flat combs and brushes with metal pile;
- pieces of rags and foam rubber.
After 3-4 hours after laying, they begin to joint, then in time the solution hardens and is difficult to process.
Step-by-step deep stitching looks like this:
- cleaning stones and seams with a metal brush;
- creating neat, rectangular recesses up to 20.0 mm with a scraper;
- washing seams and stones with foam rubber.
If you ignore the jointing of the seams, then the external attractiveness of the stone fence will deteriorate significantly.
Details
The main decoration of natural stone is texture and color. Therefore, built fences made of natural stone are self-sufficient and do not require the use of decorative details to improve the appearance. However, if desired, the top of the supporting pillars can be equipped with elegant waterproof structures - caps with spikes.
Often, monumental stone fences are decorated with openwork forging, various lanterns and "live" decorative elements - lianas (grapes, roses).
Cloths of blank fences can be revived with the help of glass mosaics, a panel made of waste CDs. The use of certain decorative details depends on the preferences and wishes of the owners of the land plots on which stone fences are being erected.
Waste of time and money
Stone fences have numerous positive advantages, but despite this, there are several disadvantages:
- erecting a stone fence is a rather long, painstaking construction procedure;
- for the construction of such objects, a foundation is needed;
- high cost of some natural stone materials.
Construction of stone fences significantly more expensive than a fence or metal. The arrangement of the foundation, the cost of natural material, the cost of its transportation, the payment of possible additional labor will require a considerable investment of money. You can reduce financial costs by doing construction work on your own.
At present, it is not difficult to get master classes (video lessons) on the construction of stone structures, including fences, for this it is enough to go to YouTube and select the appropriate video using a search engine. An example of a shell rock fence with deep seams:
Below is a series of photographs in which you can see a different execution of a stone fence:
"Mosaic" stone fence. 
The stone fence from buta does not give in to any mechanical, chemical and atmospheric influences. 
A fence made of wild stone, decorated with forging.
Sandstone fences are generally common and enjoy constant success. 
Equally popular with homeowners are combined fences. 
Rubble stone masonry
The video below shows how to properly lay the rubble stone. The features of the corner bookmark are explained.
Stone fence looks more impressive and solid than other types of fences. Structures made from natural materials are characterized by high strength and reliability.
However, natural stone fences are much less common than, for example, wooden or metal fences for summer cottages with brick pillars. This is due to the fact that natural materials and work on the construction of exclusive structures are more expensive.
Another important factor is high time costs. Even a team of professionals will need a lot of time to build a fence.
The process can be accelerated by making a fence of stone panels and blocks. The resulting structure imitates natural materials. But the design will seem natural only from afar. Nearby, stone panels and blocks for fence posts will immediately give out "hack-work".
In this article we will consider the features of the construction of fences made of natural stone. You will learn what materials are used for the manufacture of supports and sections and how professionals work. If you wish, you can build such a fence yourself.
Varieties of stone fences. Popular Combinations
There are various options for stone fences. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Fences made only of stone are rare.
Photo #1: stone fence
The construction of such fences requires a lot of time and money. Combinations of stone pillars and wood or metal sections are more popular. Such structures are cheaper and built much faster.
Wooden fence with stone pillars
A wooden fence with stone pillars is the beauty and environmental friendliness of natural materials. With proper care, the sections will last a long time. Wood will require periodic treatment with protective compounds and paints and varnishes.
Photo #2: wooden fence with stone pillars
Metal fences with stone pillars
Metal fences with stone pillars are reliability and durability. The buildings look spectacular and perfectly protect the territory. Structures serve for decades without the need for maintenance and repair.
Most often, sections are installed from eurostudent, corrugated board and forged elements. There are some very interesting combinations.
Photo #3: metal fence with stone pillars
Fence stone posts. Material selection
Stone fence posts are made from various varieties of this natural material.
- Granite. Durable and expensive stone. It is difficult to process and is used mainly for decoration. Granite will effectively complement a metal or wooden fence with brick pillars.
Photo No. 4: fence with granite trim
- Cobblestone. The most popular material. Advantages - prevalence and low cost. Most often, gray and red-brown cobblestones are used in the construction of fences. Reliable and beautiful designs turn out.
Photo #5: Gray Cobblestone Fence
- Gravel and pebbles. Due to the fine fraction, these materials are used mainly for decoration. Large stones can be filled into the net. The result is an inexpensive and interesting fence.
Photo No. 6: fence made of stones and mesh
- Dolomite. The material is flat stones of yellowish, white, gray or brown color. Dolomite is used both for the construction of pillars and sections, and for decoration.
Photo No. 7: dolomite fence
These varieties are the most popular. In addition to them, when erecting fences and finishing pillars and sections, limestone, sandstone, rubble stone and artificial analogues of natural materials are used.
How to make a stone fence
The construction of a stone fence is a complex and lengthy work that requires knowledge and experience. Even a team of several people will need a huge amount of time to erect a fence. However, if you still want to do the installation yourself, read the instructions below.
The construction process is divided into several stages.
1. Territory marking
This stage involves pulling the rope around the perimeter of the fence. Mark the places of installation of the pillars.
2. Foundation construction
You will find detailed information about the construction of a monolithic strip foundation on our website.
The most suitable base width is 30 cm. In places where there will be poles, install metal profile pipes.
3. Preparatory work
While the foundation hardens, sort the purchased stones by greatness. This will speed up the construction process of the fence.
4. Laying stone fences (pillars)
The laying of stone fences involves the use of floating formwork. To speed up the construction process, all pillars are erected simultaneously.
Make the required number of collapsible formwork from boards and self-tapping screws (for each pillar - 2 pcs.). Internal dimensions - 30 * 30 (according to the width of the foundation).
After the frames are ready, follow the instructions below.
- Install formwork.
- Lay the first layer of stones. They should fit as closely as possible to each other and to the formwork.
Photo No. 8: laying the first row of stones
- Pour a thick solution so that it fills all the voids.
Repeat steps 1-3 for all fence posts. After that, fix the second formwork on each support with self-tapping screws and lay the next rows of stones in the same way.
Photo number 9: laying the second row
After a day, the lower parts of the formwork can be removed and the construction of the next layers can begin.
Note.
- In places where the butt is attached to the logs, it is necessary to release metal corners. They need to be welded to the pipes.
- Immediately after removing the formwork, fill the voids found with mortar. Expand the dried seams with a drill with a metal brush.
Photo No. 9: support at the stage of erection of the 8th row
After all the pillars are formed, take care of their protection from precipitation. The ideal option is metal or plastic caps.
According to rough estimates (if all the pillars are erected at the same time), the installation of such supports for a stone fence will take 19-20 days.
Stone fence with their own hands. Span installation.
Do-it-yourself stone fence is erected in different ways. There are three flight options:
- sections without plinths;
- stone plinths + sections made of wood, corrugated board or other materials;
- masonry.
The last two options involve the use of formwork, the height of which is 1/3 of the future height of the plinths or spans.
Stones are laid in layers. Each row should dry for at least a day.
During the filling process, the formwork remains in place. It is transferred higher only a day after laying the top layer.
