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Varieties of decorative plaster. Decorative plaster: beautiful options for wall decoration in the interior. When decorative plaster is used for interior wall decoration in an apartment

One of the final stages in the repair of an apartment is the finishing of surfaces. Plaster can be a separate element of decor, preparatory work when pasting surfaces with wallpaper and painting or cladding with ceramic tiles and wall panels.

Decorative plaster, due to its deep texture and exquisite pattern, gives the surface a special volume and, due to the many relief elements, creates a three-dimensional effect on it.

The main features of the use of plaster in the apartment

Before starting work, you need to decide which plaster to choose for the walls in the apartment. With the help of modern plastering materials, any relief can be created on the surface, which can be further painted, whitewashed or coated with wax and varnish. A master working with decorative plaster, according to your desire, will give the surface an imitation of a wooden or stone surface, brickwork, leather or fabric texture and three-dimensional figures.

Decorative plaster is a layered fine-grained or structured mixture that is used to decorate the ceiling or walls.

The choice of decorative plaster for walls in an apartment depends on the base material, but universal mixtures are now being sold that can be used on any surface and in any room.

No matter what kind of walls you have: concrete bases in monolithic or panel houses, brickwork, wood or drywall, preparatory work and application technology are not much different.

It is necessary to cover the seams and cracks with high quality, clean the surface from dirt and dust, apply a primer layer for better adhesion of the base and plaster. And start plastering work following the instructions for the use of mixtures.

Advantages and disadvantages

Decorative wall plastering in the apartment will allow you to create a unique design, and a variety of materials will help complete the repair with a beautiful design.

It has an aesthetically attractive appearance and high performance.

But all materials offered in stores have their pros and cons.

Advantages of decorative compositions:

• Strength. When properly applied to the base, the layer is not subject to a humid environment and mechanical stress, it can be used in the bathroom and in the kitchen.
• Durability. The right choice of mixture will create a beautiful surface that will not crack or fall off the wall for many years.
• Versatility. Modern decorative compositions are suitable for any base.
• Safety. The compositions are made from natural natural materials that do not cause allergies and poisoning.

A few downsides to consider:

• Price. The cost of decorative mixtures is much higher than that of conventional compositions, but the effect is much more interesting and beautiful.
• Complexity. Without certain skills and knowledge, you are unlikely to be able to create a beautiful texture with your own hands, but if you experiment a little, you will get a truly unique design.
• Demanding. To perform complex textured forms, high-quality preparation of the base and strict adherence to the manufacturer's instructions are required.

Types of decorative plaster

After looking at the photo of the plaster in the interior of the apartment, you can choose the most suitable texture that you want to see on the walls of your house.

• Venetian plaster

This view in the interior of the apartment looks more beautiful than other compositions. The mixture can be applied to both vertical and horizontal surfaces; columns are often treated with such plaster to create a Gothic style in the interior. With the help of a Venetian, a noble marble texture is created with unique stains and a glossy surface, which is achieved through the use of wax. With the addition of coloring pigments to the composition, any surface color or natural shade of the stone can be achieved.

The Venetian has a very beautiful complex shade and perfectly imitates noble natural rocks.

• Structural plaster

Structural compositions, due to the heterogeneity of the components, can give the walls any texture, and with the addition of coloring pigments, color. Thanks to different compositions, you can easily create an imitation of stone, wood, textured fabric or leather on the surface. The composition perfectly masks the imperfections of the wall and gives protective water-repellent properties. The mass is very plastic, with which you can work on your own without resorting to the services of specialists. Also, with the help of structural mixtures, unique and beautiful bas-reliefs are created with the addition of decorating elements - these can be pebbles or shells.

The structuredness and severity of the pattern depends on the size of the particles in the composition.

• Textured plaster

A textured mixture is used when it is necessary to achieve different effects on the surface - this is an imitation of aging and cracking, a rough texture with different relief depths. The color of this texture can be varied. With the help of textured plaster, you can create an absolutely unique design.

With the help of such a decorative coating, various imitations of textures are created, for example, it can be natural stone, thin-layer sandy concrete, porcelain stoneware or saw cut wood.

• flock plaster

Flock plaster contains particles of acrylic paint resembling scales or flakes. They can be round or polyhedral in shape and one-color or multi-colored with mother-of-pearl and metallic sheen. You can experiment with flocks, creating original multi-colored patterns and ornaments on the surface.

It goes well with other finishing materials.

• marble plaster

Acrylic-based marble compositions with the addition of natural stone chips imitate the texture of marble as accurately as possible. After applying such a mixture, few will notice this imitation. It is produced in a variety of colors, shiny blotches and mother-of-pearl tints can be added to the composition.

Resistant to temperature extremes, sunlight and other negative factors.

• silk plaster

Silk plaster, when applied to the walls, has the texture of natural silk, which shimmers in the sun. When applied to the walls, it gives the impression of using a natural material. This effect is achieved by adding silk threads to the composition. It is more durable and durable than wallpaper, so it is in greatest demand among consumers.

Perfectly hides irregularities and defects present on the surface.

The better to plaster the walls in the apartment, it's up to you to decide all the mixtures are suitable for interior decoration, safe and have their own unique texture.

Modern plaster contains additional components against the appearance of fungus and mold and is suitable for any room in your home.

Also, all mixtures have additional useful properties - these are water resistance, sound and noise insulation and additional thermal insulation of walls.

Compositions of mixtures used in apartments

• Cement.

The most common compositions that are made on the basis of sand and cement with the addition of polymers for better adhesion to the base. Such materials can be used in any premises. They create a particularly durable layer that is very easy to apply and process in the future.

Has a long service life.

• Acrylic.

Differ in special elasticity and have water-repellent properties. Due to their plastic properties, they are most often used in decorative surface finishing.

Like the previous variety, it can be suitable for decorating a wide variety of surfaces.

• silicate.

The material has excellent heat-saving, noise-insulating and moisture-proof properties. When adding antiseptic components, it is used in rooms with high humidity. Creates a durable layer that perfectly tolerates mechanical damage, does not crack or collapse.

The mixture is based on potassium and sodium silicates.

• Silicone.

A material based on silicone components allows you to introduce a variety of decorating components into it. On the basis of this composition, plaster is made with the effect of a stone surface, after drying, the layer is not inferior to stone in beauty, strength and durability.

Such plaster is most often represented by a ready-made mixture.

A variety of modern materials removes the question: how to plaster the walls in the apartment. Choose the necessary texture and color of the walls that are necessary for your design idea and bring it to life.

VIDEO: How to decorate walls with decorative plaster.

50 options for decorating walls with decorative plaster:

Finishing the house with decorative plaster is gaining more and more scope. Decorative wall plastering is done not only in private houses, but also in apartments. In this regard, many are interested in what kind of material it is and what it is intended for.

What is decorative plaster? This is a special, plastic mixture, often with the addition of various kinds of pebbles, mica, etc. It is intended for decorating and finishing walls, less often ceilings. How is it different from ordinary plaster? Let's take a look at its ingredients.

Decorative plaster is made from:

• Lime, cement, gypsum, acrylic, silicate and others - as a binder. It is they who ensure the adhesion of the plaster to the surface. Gypsum is used very rarely due to the fact that such a mixture will quickly harden. And there will be difficulties with drawing a picture or pattern.
• Fillers - in most types of decorative plaster there are fillers, such as sand, mica, marble chips, pebbles, etc. They serve to give the plaster that very decorative effect.
• Additives - these can be anti-foam agents, plasticizers, etc.
• Water - and finally, the solvent for this whole mixture.

Simply put, decorative plaster differs from ordinary plaster only in filler. But it is these components that make it unique. What distinguishes decorative plaster from traditional types of finishing materials, such as, for example, wallpaper.

Wallpaper or decorative plaster

If you are faced with a difficult choice of material for wall decoration, choosing between decorative plaster and wallpaper imitating it, we suggest that you compare them to make the right decision.

First, the price of the material. The simplest wallpaper for decorative plaster is cheaper than the plaster itself. However, not all so simple. If we calculate in total the preparatory work for wallpapering, puttying, stripping, glue, etc., then the benefit will not be so striking. The only exception is Venetian decorative plaster. Here, wallpaper under the "Venetian" will cost much cheaper than the original.

Secondly, the service life. Here, decorative plaster has a clear advantage. It will last you at least 30 years. And some of its species and up to 50-60 years. Wallpaper will have to be changed after a maximum of 15 years. And in most cases, after 5-10 years. By the way, calculate and include the wallpaper change in the paragraph above about comparing the price of materials.

Thirdly, finishing care. Decorative plaster is perfectly washed and cleaned. Wallpaper, not all types can boast of this.

Fourthly, this is the uniqueness of the resulting pattern of decorative plaster. Wallpapers have a finite number of types of patterns.

You can still list the advantages and disadvantages of both decorative plaster and wallpaper for decorative plaster for a long time, but the conclusions are already clear. If you need simplicity and cheapness, wallpaper is your choice. There is an opportunity to spend money, if you want originality in decor and durability - do the finishing with decorative plaster.

Types of decorative plaster

All decorative plaster is divided into two large groups.

Types of decorative plaster.

• decorative plaster for interior work
• decorative plaster for outdoor use

These two types of plasters differ in that the external decorative plaster is more resistant to ultraviolet radiation, i.e. fade less in the sun. And also facade decorative plaster tolerates “wet” weather conditions much better. It is resistant to rain, snow, etc.

Due to its properties, decorative plaster for the facade of a house exists in fewer types. Therefore, we will consider options for decorative plaster for interior decoration. Because they also include options for the facade of the house.

Types of internal decorative plasters

1. Embossed - they are called so because the pattern they create is embossed. Subdivided into subspecies:

• Structural decorative plaster - the pattern is obtained mainly due to the composition of decorative plaster. The pebbles, quartz sand and the like in the mixture give the pattern a certain structure when applied. Typical representatives are decorative plasters "Bark beetle", "Fur coat", "Lamb".
• Textured decorative plaster - this type of decorative plaster is distinguished by its fine grain and plasticity. Here the pattern is obtained due to a special technique for applying plaster. To do this, they use both improvised means - brushes, film, sponges, etc., and industrial special products - rollers with a certain stencil pattern.

2. Smooth - accordingly, the pattern is smooth. The representative is "Venetian" decorative plaster imitating marble or onyx.

Decorative plaster for interior walls and for facade decoration also differs in its composition. Depending on the main connecting element, decorative plasters are divided into the following types:

• Acrylic decorative plaster - contains acrylic resins. It has good protection against water and moisture, but has poor breathability. Weak abrasion resistance compared to other types of decorative plaster. Low fire safety.
• Mineral decorative plaster - consists mainly of cement, lime and gypsum. Good, natural plaster, suitable for finishing rooms with normal humidity. On the facade, in the bathroom and kitchen, it requires additional protection in the form of painting, varnishing, etc. Good breathability makes the indoor climate healthy and pleasant.
• Silicone decorative plaster is a universal mixture for any premises and facade of a building. Good vapor permeability, moisture resistance and abrasion resistance make this type of decorative plaster suitable for any finishing work.
• Silicate decorative plaster is another versatile mixture for decorating indoors and outdoors. Not afraid of water, sunlight, antistatic. But the application requires skill, as the plaster quickly hardens.

We hope you have figured out the types and types of decorative plaster. Let's see a photo of decorative plaster in the interior.

Decorative plaster in the interior

With the help of various types of decorative plaster and methods of its application, very different design effects can be achieved. Here everyone will find the pattern that he likes. However, keep in mind: often the samples of decorative plaster in the store and what you end up with on the wall may not match. After all, each application of decoration is different from the previous one. But despite this, it is possible to generalize the effects obtained.

Effects of decorative plaster

• Venetian plaster. It has the appearance of a polished stone or marble surface. Apply on any surfaces prepared for its application.
  
  
• Travertine effect. Complete imitation of stone, called travertine. The porous surface and light pale color make it an excellent room decoration.
  
  
• concrete effect. With the help of this type of plaster, there is an absolute imitation and creation of the effect of a concrete wall.
  
  
• Skin effect. For lovers of discreet luxury, this look is perfect. Due to its texture, it conveys well and creates the effect of a wall covered in leather. At the same time, thanks to the variety of tools, using decorative plaster in the interior of the room, it is possible to create an imitation of different types of leather.
  
  
• Tree effect. Incredibly accurately imitates the look of wood flooring, thanks to the accuracy of the reproduction of small details and plant patterns.
  
  
• Silk effect. To create it, a mother-of-pearl coating is used, which, smoothly shimmering, creates the feeling that the wall is covered with silk.
  
  
• Brickwork effect. Popular due to its low cost compared to real brick and accurate imitation of the presence of brick in the interior.
  
  
• The "bark beetle" effect. Using this technique, a pattern can be obtained that mimics the effect of a surface damaged by a bark beetle.
  
  
• The "orange peel" effect. It will be an ideal option for applying under painting for rooms in oriental design.
  
  
• Wave effect. Simulates the look of a sea wave. With the right choice of paint, it looks very nice on the surface.
  
  
• Flowers effect. Decorative plaster "flowers" is used in frequent cases and stands out among the general variety of styles of decorative plaster. When creating a pattern, the shape and appearance of the flower depends solely on the spatula used and its movements. In this case, there is no binding to color and shape. You can decorate and paint the finished wall both in one color and using different techniques.
  
  

Types of finishing with decorative plaster are very diverse. Some use ready-made, template forms, while others can create their own art and create patterns that are pleasing to his soul.

The use of decorative plaster in the interior of rooms

Decorative plaster in the apartment performs one of the main functions of the decor of the premises. Properly selected design of decorative plaster will make the interior even more beautiful and perfectly complement the style taken as a basis. Also, each room of the apartment requires an individual approach due to the peculiarities of its location and external characteristics.

Using this type of finishing material in the kitchen will be an excellent choice, as it washes well and looks decent enough on the wall surface. Types of plaster used for decoration: Venetian, with imitation of marble or stone surface; silk imitation, plaster with small or large chips, etc.

The main thing worth emphasizing is that decorative plaster should be applied only to one wall of the room, so as not to make the kitchen too “heavy” and spoil the design of the room.

Often, when finishing with decorative plaster, Venetian plaster or various textured types are used for the bathroom, which are easy to clean.

Decorative plaster in the hallway, as well as in the corridor, form the main impression of the design of the apartment. Speaking about the types of decorative plaster in rooms of this type, we can name the main ones that most of all meet the requirements (resistance to cold, moisture and good operation): the effect of velvet and silk, the effect of "bark beetle" and Venetian plaster.

Finishing the balcony with decorative plaster allows you to maintain the harmony of design with all rooms of the apartment. Also, it performs an excellent heat-preserving function, is quite easy to operate and maintain, soundproofs and, at the same time, allows the walls to breathe. To decorate the walls, various types of plasters are used, from textured, with imitations of different plants and reliefs, to, for example, imitations of stone or brick.

DIY decorative plaster

If for some reason store-bought decorative plaster options do not suit you, you may be wondering how to make decorative plaster with your own hands. Well, it is quite within the power of everyone. In addition, you can decently save on materials. Let's make a reservation right away, decorative plaster made independently will not be as high-quality and durable as factory material. But the service life of such decor in 10-15 years is quite suitable for most people. Especially considering the relative cheapness of such finishes.

So, how to make decorative plaster? It all depends on what kind of room you want to decorate with decorative plaster of self-made. Or maybe you want to finish the facade? In these cases, the material used will be different.

Do-it-yourself decorative plaster for interior decoration is made either from gypsum or cement putty or plaster.

For finishing residential premises with normal humidity, do-it-yourself decorative plaster from ordinary putty is suitable. It is made like this:

• We take the same amount of starting and finishing gypsum putty. Instead of starting putty, you can use gypsum plaster. Then you get the so-called decorative plaster from ordinary plaster. They usually mean gypsum plaster.
• A mixture of putties is poured into a bucket of water at room temperature or put them in alternately.
• You can add a little diluted wallpaper paste. This will improve mold and mildew resistance. And slightly increase the time of use of the mixture.
• Mix everything well with a mixer or a drill with a nozzle.
• The resulting mixture should be the consistency of ordinary sour cream.
• Do-it-yourself decorative plaster from ordinary putty is ready!

Important! The decorative plaster prepared in this way dries quite quickly. Prepare as much solution as you can apply in 10-15 minutes. It would be even better if two people apply the plaster: one applies the base layer, the second immediately performs the drawing.

Such decorative plaster can also be used in rooms with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms. But it will definitely need to be protected with a water-repellent varnish.

For finishing the facade, this version of the plaster is not suitable. But you can replace gypsum putty with ordinary tile adhesive. Suitable for any cement adhesive mortar for gluing ceramic tiles. For greater plasticity and increased adhesion, add a little primer to the water.

From such a mixture, for example, do-it-yourself decorative bark beetle plaster is obtained if a small stone of a fraction of about 2 mm is added to it.

Important! Do not forget that the decorative plaster that you have made will need to be protected from moisture with facade paint.

How to apply decorative plaster

Regardless of whether you made decorative plaster yourself or bought it ready-made in the store, applying decorative plaster is the same.

First, you need to learn how to properly apply decorative plaster. This knowledge will help you get to know the process better and control the workers. And even more so, they will come in handy if you do the finishing with decorative plaster with your own hands.

Let's prepare the necessary tool for decorative plaster:

• Construction bucket
• Trowel for decorative plaster
• Spatulas
• ironing board
• Rollers for decorative plaster
• Masking tape (tape)
• Wax for decorative plaster
• Mixer or drill with attachment
• Lacquer for decorative plaster
• Stencils for decorative plaster

It is possible that not everything from the list is necessary for you. It depends on the type of your plaster and on what technique of applying decorative plaster will be used. For example, if decorative plaster is expected to be applied with a roller, then you need it. If the decoration will be done by improvised means, then add them to the appropriate list.

So, how to apply decorative plaster on the walls? Or maybe you need decorative plaster on the ceiling? Let's try to summarize the processes that need to be performed, regardless of the type of plaster and the place of its application.

• preparation for decorative plaster - includes preparing walls or ceilings, preparing tools, gluing contours for decorative plastering with masking tape.
• preparation of decorative plaster - be sure to read the manufacturer's instructions, if any. It contains such useful information as the consumption of decorative plaster per m2, the required amount of water and other proportions, the time it takes to work with the mixture, the drying time of decorative plaster, and much more.

Let's consider some of the nuances in more detail. Do-it-yourself wall decoration with decorative plaster begins with the preparation of the base. Whether it is walls or ceilings, they should be without large potholes, cracks or sagging. The old finish must be cleaned and the surface primed. If you want to do the application of decorative plaster with your own hands on drywall, then putty the joints and caps from self-tapping screws. Walls for decorative plaster are not prepared as carefully as the ceiling. The thing is that a slightly larger layer of decorative plaster is usually applied to the walls than to the ceiling. And it perfectly hides minor imperfections: scratches, loose putty, etc.

The exception is the application of Venetian plaster. In this case, the walls, like the ceiling, should be as smooth and clean as possible.

Methods for applying decorative plaster

Do-it-yourself decorative internal plaster is applied to the prepared surface with a spatula and trowel. You can use an ironing board. In some cases, a spray gun is used if spray application is intended. In any case, the technology for applying decorative plaster at the initial stage is the same. First, apply the base layer, the foundation. This layer is made continuous. Then it is decorated until it dries. The way of decorating depends on the type of your plaster and your imagination.

If you are doing decorative wall plastering with your own hands for the first time, practice on a piece of drywall or on that part of the wall that will be covered by furniture. As you gain experience, move on to other areas.

The technology for applying Venetian decorative plaster is somewhat different. It is applied in thin layers with a rubber spatula with neat multidirectional strokes. There can be 5-8 such layers. Before applying the next layer, the previous one is allowed to dry well.

Decorative facade plaster

Finishing the facade with decorative plaster on your own is a simple task. The main difficulty is working at height if your house is higher than one floor. The very same decorative plaster of the house outside, practically does not differ from the technology of applying decor inside the room. Let's look at the decorative plastering of the facade of the house using the most popular type as an example: applying decorative bark beetle plaster.

How to apply decorative bark beetle plaster

To begin with, prepare the surface as described above: level out large differences in height and clean. Then apply primer. It is better if it is soil with quartz sand. Prepare a mixture of decorative plaster. Apply plaster with a trowel in a small layer. Let the "bark beetle" dry a little and start decorating.

Move the trowel over the plaster in a rotating motion. Or you can only make vertical or horizontal movements. It all depends on what kind of picture you want to end up with. Movement should be without strong pressure.

Painting decorative plaster

There are no special secrets in painting decorative plaster. We think that everyone will cope with this task. Just choose the right paint for facade or interior work, as well as the hairiness of the roller. A solid background is made with a long pile roller. If you only want to paint the top exposed layer, use a foam roller and paint without pressing the foam roller hard against the wall.

Repair of decorative plaster

Decorative plaster periodically requires repair or restoration. Cracks, swellings, delaminations and chips appear on it. It is easy to repair the damaged area with your own hands.

If you notice plaster swelling, go over the entire surface of the wall with a wooden mallet and listen to how it sounds. A dull sound will tell you which area has peeled off. This area of ​​damaged plaster should be removed with a perforator, chisel, hatchet, etc. Then clean the wall with a wire brush and prime. Before applying a new composition of decorative plaster, moisten well with warm water not only the cleaned area, but also the adjacent plaster for better adhesion of materials to each other.

Try to apply decorative and repeat the pattern that was previously. In order for the difference in the pattern not to be so noticeable, repair the plaster by beating off a rectangular area.

After the plaster has completely dried, it must be repainted. So you mask the joints and the heterogeneity of the layers.

Cracks in decorative plaster are repaired in a similar way. The crack should be expanded and all the activities described above should be carried out.

How much does decorative plaster cost

The price of decorative plaster varies greatly from manufacturer, country of origin and type of plaster itself. The cheapest decorative plaster costs about 2 US dollars per kg/l. The best decorative plaster of well-known Italian manufacturers can reach a hundred or more dollars per kilogram or liter.

On average, you can voice the following prices: simple relief plaster will cost about $ 5, and Venetian about 15 per kg / liter.

Prices for work with decorative plaster have a smaller spread and depend on the type of plaster and the qualifications of the master. The average price for work with decorative plaster is 10-30 dollars per square meter. "Venetian" is more expensive than working with textured plaster. However, take into account the work on surface preparation and subsequent protection of decorative plaster with wax, varnish, paint, etc.

Decorative plaster reviews

Our description of decorative plaster should have helped you decide whether you need such a finish, whether it suits your home. And if you answered “Yes” to these questions, then most likely you asked yourself: decorative plaster, which is better?

An important role in the choice of decorative plaster is played by reviews of real buyers and users. Those who have lived with decorative plaster for several years and can tell you what nuances should be taken into account. Or warn against buying this or that type of decorative plaster, from buying from a certain manufacturer or distribution network.

Here are some typical decorative plaster reviews:

We made ourselves a Venetian in green tones in the bathroom. Looks great. Tiles wouldn't be the same. And the decorative without seams already changes color from lighting, a feast for the eyes. True, and the cost was considerable. But they were willing to pay for beauty.

He trimmed his toilet with textured plaster. I did it myself after reading articles on the Internet and watching master classes. It lay perfectly on the plastered walls, but the LSU box could not be finished. Glass-magnesium sheets had to be plastered on the floor, because there are streaks from decorative plaster.

I made my own plaster and applied it myself. The whole family decorated and are very pleased with the result. No one else has such patterns and never will. And it turned out very budget, did not expect.

The thing is certainly remarkable, but the price is exorbitant. I'll stick wallpaper for myself under the decor. Cheaper and more practical.

Made decorative plaster in the kitchen. The walls look very interesting. But it would be better if the apron was made of tiles. Tired of laundering fat near the stove. Don't repeat my mistakes.

Decorative plaster, as a type of wall decoration, has been known to the world for several hundred years. In Russia, it became available to the mass consumer only in the mid-70s of the last century. Despite a short history, today this type of finishing material is very popular.

Decorative plaster is a finishing coating of walls and ceilings with a variety of textures and structures, painted in any color. It is applied in the form of a plastic mass (solution). In the process of drying, it gains strength, turning into a monolith. Used for both interior and exterior decoration. Binders can be white Portland cement, acrylic, silicone resins, as well as "liquid glass" (silicate).

Decorative plaster, made on their own.

The main function of external plaster is to protect the wall from the adverse effects of natural factors: rain, sun, temperature changes. Secondary - giving a pleasant appearance to the facade. When interior decoration, functions are reversed. Here the main task is to create an attractive design.

Is it better than liquid wallpaper

With the advent of liquid wallpaper on the building materials market, decorative plaster began to lose ground. And the homeowners faced a dilemma: what to choose, decorative plaster or liquid tapestries. In the material "", the editors of the portal tried to answer this question. Let us briefly recall the main differences between these materials:

• liquid wallpaper can withstand house shrinkage, plaster cracks: some types cannot withstand small movements and none maintain integrity with strong shrinkage. Therefore, it is undesirable to use it in a new building;
• liquid wallpaper is afraid of moisture, plaster is not. This means that there is nothing to do in the bathroom, bathroom and kitchen;
• in the presence of children, the probability of mechanical damage to the walls increases dramatically. Liquid wallpaper can be restored, but it is almost impossible to repair plaster;
• when switching to another type of finish, liquid tapestries are easily removed from the walls, literally in a couple of hours, it will take a couple of days for plastering, associated with dust and dirt;
• for decorative plaster, the choice in color and texture significantly exceeds the possibilities of liquid wallpaper;
• liquid wallpaper can be applied by a beginner in the construction business, for decorative plaster you need at least minimal experience. Some of its types can only be made by a highly qualified master (the owner of an apartment or house can also lay a simpler plaster on their own);
• for decorative plaster from the family budget you will have to pay a decent amount. Liquid wallpaper is much cheaper.

As you can see, there is no clear answer. In some situations, liquid wallpaper behaves better, in others - decorative plaster.

Pros and cons of application

Any type of finish has its strengths and weaknesses. There are also decorative plasters. Among the advantages are:

• versatility - any walls can be plastered with mortar: stone, gas silicate blocks, brick, concrete, etc.;
• plasticity - hides various wall defects (crevices, microcracks, shells, etc .;
• durability - long service life;
• strength - withstands mechanical impact of significant force;
• resistance to influence of ultra-violet rays — keeps juicy, saturated tones all the time of service;
• integrity - there are no seams and joints, which increases the aesthetics of the coating and its durability.

In addition, the strengths of the finish include:

• good heat and sound insulation properties;
• environmental friendliness - all types of dry mixes can be used in residential areas (nursery, bedroom);
• moisture resistance, which allows plastering walls in rooms with high humidity;
• strengthening and protection from external influences of wall material;
• easy care - the surface of the plaster is cleaned with a vacuum cleaner or a damp cloth;
• resistance to temperature changes (withstands from -55 to +60 o C), which allows you to apply decorative plaster on the facade of the building;
• variability in the implementation of the most daring ideas of designers.

There are also disadvantages, and significant ones:

• high cost of dry plaster mixes and finishing works;
• complex technology, often limiting the possibility of applying plaster on their own;
• lack of technologies to restore the damaged surface;
• cannot be used in houses that have not completed the shrinkage process - in most cases it will crack;
• high requirements for the wall surface - it must be strong, clean, dry and primed;
• heavy and dusty dismantling process - you need work with a puncher.

Types of decorative plasters

All types of decorative plaster for interior wall decoration can be classified according to several criteria. But only four criteria are of practical importance:

• type of finishing material;
• place of application (operating conditions);
• the composition of the mixture;
• appearance (surface texture or color solution).

Type of finishing material

Decorative plaster is wet and dry.

Wet plaster. This type of finishing is carried out with a dry plaster solution diluted in water. In Russia, it has been used relatively recently - about 50 years, which, by historical standards, is nothing. She came from Western Europe, quickly gaining popularity among the population. This was facilitated by:

• the possibility of both internal and external decoration of buildings;
• a huge variety of color and texture solutions for wall decoration;
• simple technology in most species, which allows you to perform finishing work yourself;
• the possibility of applying to the surface of walls of any complexity.

Dry plaster. Performed with sheets of drywall. Use as a decorating material is limited:

• cannot be used outside;
• in rooms with high humidity quickly collapses;
• small selection of finishes.

Place of application

Wall decoration with decorative plaster at the place of application can be:

• outdoor;
• internal.

External plaster. One of the easiest ways to give the facade of a building an attractive look is to apply decorative plaster. Carrying out such work allows:

• protect the walls from the adverse effects of the weather;
• improve the thermal insulation characteristics of the walls;
• eliminate surface defects;
• form smooth, beautiful corners.

Internal plaster. The use of decorative plaster for interior wall decoration allows you to get a very spectacular surface with a long service life. Depending on the mixture chosen, you can get a beautiful relief, a fantastic pattern or an unusual texture, including natural materials (marble, granite, leather, oak bark, cork, etc.).

In addition, decorative plaster hides wall defects: uneven masonry joints, cracks, crevices, chips.

Composition of the mixture

The classification of decorative plasters by composition is based on a binder. It can be:

• acrylic;
• mineral;
• silicone;
• silicate.

Flock plaster, which does not have binding components, is singled out as an independent group.

Acrylic plaster

Acrylic plaster is based on acrylic resin (the same material from which PVA glue is made), a high-molecular plastic polymer. The filler can be granules and crumbs of natural materials such as mica, granite, marble, pebbles, etc., silk and wood fibers, etc. The surface can be smooth, rough or voluminous.

Sold in finished, pasty (water-dispersed) form. Packed mainly in buckets of 25 kg at a price of 1,600 rubles. up to 6,700 rubles for the bucket. In most cases, it has a white color, which requires either tinting the solution (you can use Symphone, NCS, RAL tint), or painting on the wall.

Versatility (can be applied to all types of walls: concrete, stone, brick, drywall, wood, as well as foam or polystyrene insulation) and ease of application (in most cases, the whole process can be done independently) turned it into a main competitor to mineral plasters.

Among other advantages it should be noted:

• ideal resistance to weather changes (rain, heat, frost, sun), which allows it to be used not only indoors, but also outside, for facade decoration;
• good heat and noise insulation properties;
• elasticity, which allows you to: effectively seal cracks and gaps on the wall; do not be afraid of the appearance of small cracks with a slight shrinkage of the building; do the work with your own hands;
• durability - service life of 15-20 years;
• environmental friendliness - you can plaster in any residential area;
• high resistance to vibration, which is important for buildings located near railway lines, highways, airfields, construction sites;
• easy care - easy to clean with water. For example, the facade can be quickly cleaned of dust and dirt with a strong jet from a hose;
• vapor permeability. Despite the fact that this indicator for acrylic plaster is average, and in some cases low (due to various additives), the walls under it "breathe", which is very important.

In addition, the mandatory presence of bactericidal additives in the composition relieves the owners of the home from such a “headache” as fungus and mold.

Among the disadvantages:

• high electrostaticity, leading to the accumulation of dust on the surface;
• decrease in adhesive properties during storage, which forces manufacturers to set shelf life (when buying, be sure to look at the release date and expiration date);
• flammability - supports combustion;
• fast setting, which complicates the work on their own.

As a result: acrylic decorative plaster with its pros and cons is well suited for those who decide to do the wall decoration on their own.

mineral plaster

Already from the name it is clear that there are no chemical components in the composition of mineral plaster - only natural materials:

• white types of Portland cement - a binder that gives the surface a light tone;
• slaked (hydrated) lime - the second binder;
• fillers (quartz sand, granite or marble chips, crushed anthracite and glass, colored clay, mica particles, silk fibers, etc.);
• modifiers and plasticizers - improve the performance properties of the plaster.

Mineral plaster goes on sale in the form of dry solutions packaged in 25 kg bags. The cost of the bag varies from 450 rubles. ("Chrysel", "Teplon") up to 2,700 rubles. ("Bolars", "Vetonit") and depends on the type and composition of the mixture, category or variety, brand. A solution is prepared by mixing the dry composition with water in the proportion indicated on the package.

Depending on the type of filler, mineral plaster by type of surface can be:

• pebble (another name is "lamb");
• "bark beetle" with different options: "oak bark", "cork", etc.;
• "fur coat";
• "Venetian" with many subspecies.

This composition of decorative plaster has many advantages:

• strength - this indicator for mineral plaster is the highest among all types of plaster solutions. As a result: the surface is well resistant to mechanical impact (accidental impacts, contact with sharp or heavy objects, etc.); the finish retains its integrity and attractive appearance for at least 15 years;
• resistance to temperature changes and moisture, which allows you to plaster the walls of the building from the outside and from the inside;
• fire resistance - widely used for fire protection of combustible wall materials: natural wood, MDF, chipboard;
• environmental friendliness - the composition is completely from natural materials, while not related to allergens;
• low coefficient of thermal conductivity - the applied plaster layer is an excellent insulation;
• vapor permeability, which allows the walls to "breathe";
• easy care - withstands the effects of detergents with abrasive and chemically active additives.

Weaknesses include:

• limited color range of the finished paste - surface coloring is needed;
• the inability to apply trendy types of decorative plaster - only a classic;
• quick setting, which requires professional work with the material (when doing the work yourself, you should practice a little so that the applied plaster does not freeze in an unsightly form);
• immediate reaction in the form of a network of small cracks to a technology violation.

Conclusion: mineral plaster allows you to save money during repairs, not only because of the lower cost of materials, but also the ability to do the work yourself. Requires full compliance with the technological process. It makes it possible to obtain classical types of decorative plaster well known to the population of Russia (fur coat, bark beetle, lamb, Venetian).

silicone plaster

Silicone plaster has appeared in the arsenal of finishers relatively recently. Its composition was developed for the facades of buildings. However, the material obtained on the basis of silicone resin has proven itself so well that it has also been used for interior wall decoration.

It is produced in finished form in various packaging: in buckets from 5 to 25 liters. It costs expensive. For a 25-liter bucket you will have to pay from 3.3 thousand rubles. ("Ceresit") up to 8.2 thousand rubles. ("Caparol"). With its help, you can perform almost all types of decor: "lamb", "fur coat", "bark beetle", "Venetian plaster" and their varieties.

Due to the huge number of pluses, silicone plaster began to be called the "queen of plasters." Among the advantages:

• high elasticity, which allows: to keep the surface of the plaster from cracking when the building shrinks - the cracks that appear are tightened; do not carry out costly and time-consuming surface leveling operations during the preparation of walls for decorative plaster - all defects (microcracks, cracks, chips) will be covered by the plaster layer; to get in the end result a perfectly smooth surface when applying "Venetian" and its derivatives ("sea breeze", "wet silk", etc.);
• good adhesion with all wall materials - it is not applied only to heaters;
• it is possible to plaster not only by hand, but also by a machine station;
• biological resistance against various fungi and mold;
• durability - manufacturers indicate a service life of at least 25 years;
• vapor permeability in combination with hydrophobicity - from the side of the wall material, the plaster layer allows vapor molecules to pass through (the wall “breathes”), but not from the outside (the surface of the plaster repels moisture);
• a variety of colors and shades (experts counted about 2,500 varieties of color), which allows you to implement a variety of ideas of designers in interior design;
• the ability to be cleansed without human help - under raindrops;
• resistance to fading - the original color is kept until the expiration of the service life.

There is only one minus, but very unpleasant - the high price.

Conclusion: silicone plaster applied to the facade will not require cosmetic repairs almost until the end of the building's life, which compensates for the high cost of the finishing material.

Silicate plaster got its name because of the "liquid glass" - potassium and calcium silicates, which are the binding material in the decorative plaster mortar. Get "liquid glass" in autoclaves, which are loaded with white crystals of potassium silicate and colorless calcium silicate, and add a little water.

However, liquid glass in itself is not decorative plaster. You need to add to it:

• fillers: quartz sand, marble chips, large river sand, small pebbles, etc., which form the surface texture and change the design of the coating (fillers make it possible to obtain all types of classic decorative plaster, as well as a number of modern modifications of well-known types);
• plasticizers (liquid soap, PVA glue, fiber and other materials) - give the mass plasticity;
• modifiers - act as the center of crystallization;
• pigment dyes.

A plaster solution is produced in the form of a paste, ready for use. Packed in buckets from 3 to 30 kg. The cost of packaging weighing 25 kg ranges from 2.2 thousand rubles. (Ceresit) up to 7.22 thousand rubles. ("Baumit").

Among the advantages, experts distinguish:

• good adhesion (adhesion) with porous materials (aerated concrete, silicate blocks, etc.);
• sufficiently high thermal insulation properties - as a heater, you can use the plaster itself or mineral wool, on which the solution is easily applied;
• strength - it is difficult to damage mechanically, does not crack with slight shrinkage of the building;
• resistance to various weather conditions (it tolerates summer and winter equally well);
• durability - service life of 20-25 years;
• fire safety - does not support the combustion process - at high temperatures it simply melts;
• easy care - wash with water, without the use of detergents. In case of severe contamination, active chemical components can be used, and products containing abrasive particles can damage the surface;
• reasonable prices - at a cost they are in the same price sector with acrylic plasters.

The weak points of silicate materials include:

• fast drying, both in the container after opening and on the wall. This requires a high pace of work, which is not always possible for a beginner;
• the need to apply a plaster layer on the wall in one go - during breaks in work, connecting seams become noticeable, and sometimes different tones of the color scheme appear;
• obligatory priming of the walls with a primer based on silicone. In this case, it is desirable to use a primer recommended by the manufacturer of the mixture, which greatly increases the cost of work;
• insufficient number of color solutions of the finished composition - it is poorly tinted. Therefore, in most cases, white plaster is bought, and then the surface is painted.

As a result: it is better for professionals to work with such plaster. The affordable price for the finishing material itself is sharply increased by the primer, as a result of which the demand for silicate plaster is rather low.

flock plaster

For interior wall decoration, three materials similar in application method are used:

• liquid tapestries;
• decorative plaster;
• flock decor.

If in the first case, experts unambiguously took liquid wallpaper into an independent form, then in the latter - flocks - they left it as part of decorative plaster. Flock translates from German as flakes: small particles of acrylic paint. They can be monochrome and multi-colored, including metallized and mother-of-pearl, small and large (up to 1.5 cm), flat and multifaceted, with a holographic and fluorescent effect, etc.

Flock plaster is applied in several stages:

• glue first;
• then flocks (among builders they are called “chips”);
• the process is completed by protecting the “chips” with varnish: satin (semi-matte) or matte.

The cost of covering 1 m 2 of a wall (only materials) starts from 240 rubles. and ends in the region of 1.0-1.2 thousand rubles.

Flocking has strengths and weaknesses. Pros:

• strength - does not wear out and withstands mechanical impact of medium strength;
• durability - manufacturers indicate a resource of 15-25 years (the service life depends on the number of components);
• easy to clean with water using household chemicals;
• does not fade in the sun - the original color is preserved all the time of operation;
• a wide variety of design solutions due to the ability to apply drawings and use many colors and shades;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire resistance.

Among the disadvantages is a very high price and complexity of application - a beginner can do the work, but only with special equipment (a flock gun).

Conclusion: if you have free funds, you can get stylishly decorated walls.

By type of surface

There are several classifications according to the type of plaster surface. The division of the surface into structural, textured and Venetian plaster is considered a classic. Flock plaster is knocked out of this row - its surface is more like liquid wallpaper.

Any classification should help the consumer better navigate the features of the product. However, in our case, this is not entirely true. This is due to the fact that among experts there is no single interpretation of the concepts of textured and structural plaster. Therefore, in works on this topic, some authors consider such types of decor as "bark beetle", "fur coat", "lamb" and others textured plaster, while others - structural. All this complicates and confuses the issue.

In order for an unprepared reader to freely perceive the material, we will reduce all decorative solutions into 3 blocks:

• textured plaster- the main distinguishing feature is that it is applied in one layer. The second feature is that its surface is always rough;
• "Venetian plaster"(it is more suitable for the concept of structural plaster) - consists of 3-10, pounded to a few millimeters of thickness, layers, which, after grouting and ironing, imitate various natural materials on their surface: marble, granite, wet silk, etc. They have a smooth surface, often polished;
• flock plaster the texture of the surface is very close to liquid wallpaper. Just like tapestries, it does not contain binders - flocks (“chips”) are applied to a wall covered with acrylic adhesive.

Textured plaster

With the help of textured plaster, you can get extraordinarily beautiful, with a voluminous surface, walls. It is applied in one layer, with a slight adjustment of the surface. The relief on the surface is obtained by different methods. For example, various patterns and lines, natural leather, oak bark, etc. applied to the surface of the plaster using special rollers.

The “bark beetle” is obtained after vertical movements of the spatula over a coarse-grained mortar - small pebbles carried away by the tool leave furrows very similar to the moves of a bark beetle in a tree trunk, the “lamb” comes out after circular movements with a trowel or spatula over a fine-grained mixture, etc.

When working with Venetian plaster, experience is required, at least minimal and perfectly smooth walls. In the presence of both, a very beautiful wall is obtained, imitating finishing and semi-precious stones.

It is applied in several thin layers with chaotic strokes. The effect of natural stone arises from translucent layers through which the heterogeneous structure of the solution is visible. Where it is denser, there is a deeper color, which is observed in stones.

Today on the market you can find many subspecies of Venetian plaster, which some experts refer to as independent, new types.

Flock plaster is a fundamentally new type of finishing materials. It consists of acrylic glue (base for applying flakes), in fact, the flocks themselves or, as they are also called, "chips" and varnish, which covers the wall. All components are sold separately and are applied in a strict sequence: first glue, then "chips", the varnish completes the process.

Which is better to choose and in what cases

When choosing decorative plaster, attention should be paid to the following criteria:

• desired type of finish, i.e. end result;
• compressive strength index (an important indicator for shrinkage of buildings);
• the maximum possible thickness of the plaster layer;
• the level of adhesion with various materials;
• the value of the coefficient of vapor permeability - the more, the better;
• the complexity of the application (is it possible to do the work yourself);
• operating conditions (outside the building or inside);
• the cost of materials.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of each room. So, for a bathroom, with its high humidity, acrylic plaster is ideal. But due to the short service life, about 5 years, preference should still be given to budget mineral solutions. With a sufficient amount of funds, it is best to buy a plaster mixture based on silicates.

In the kitchen, acrylic plaster is more durable. But the ability to support a fire excludes it from the list of plasters used. Here, as in the bathroom, silicate and mineral compositions are in priority.

For other rooms, the choice of plasters by composition is carried out according to the criteria listed above.

• for the corridor and hallway, use fine-grained textured solutions. At the same time, the smaller the filler in diameter, the more beautiful the pattern;
• for ceilings, varieties of Venetian plaster are best suited;
• the same Venetian motifs are great for the bathroom and kitchen. But it's quite expensive. Here it is still preferable to use various textured plasters;
• both textured and Venetian compositions fit well in the children's room and bedroom. A matter of taste and financial possibilities determine the final choice;
• in the living room, plaster with small fillers looks good;
• columns and arches look very impressive under natural stone (Venetian plaster).

Necessary materials and tools

Do-it-yourself decorative wall plastering begins with the purchase of the necessary materials and the preparation of tools and fixtures. The most crucial moment is to buy the required amount of materials. Indeed, if there is a shortage of them, it will be necessary to stop the technological process, which, in most cases, leads to the appearance of visible connecting seams or different shades on one wall.

Material Requirement Calculation

When buying a specific type of plaster, the calculation of the required amount of material is simply determined: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls is multiplied by the consumption of the mixture per 1 m 2 (indicated on the package). However, some nuances must be taken into account here.

• A solution with coarse-grained fillers is applied with a thickness of not more than 1 cm and a maximum of 2 layers. This must be taken into account when buying a composition.
• For all types of textured plaster with inclusions up to 2 mm in diameter, the consumption per m 2 does not exceed 2 kg. With an increase in the size of the filler, the consumption of material increases - by about 1.5 times.
• It is better to buy fine-grained acrylic plasters in smaller containers - the likelihood of significant residues increases due to low consumption (2.0-3.0 kg / m 2).
• It is more convenient to buy bark beetle plaster at 25 kg - it has a high consumption, up to 4 kg / m 2.
• Reducing the consumption of plaster mixtures, and significantly, can be achieved by leveling the walls.

materials

To obtain a high-quality finish, you should buy materials that are compatible with each other:

• starting plaster - necessary for leveling the walls. It is better to purchase on the same binders as the decorative finish - it guarantees perfect adhesion;
• decorative plaster can be bought ready-made or dry. The type of binder is chosen according to the features of the room, fillers according to the design solution of the interior;
• leveling putty;
• a deep penetration primer oriented to the binder of the finishing plaster with antiseptic additives. For example, for silicone plaster, you need to buy primers only on a silicone basis;
• materials for finishing walls: wax, varnish, glazing compounds;
• painter's tape.

Tools

To apply decorative solutions to the wall, you need to prepare:

• ladder or building platform (goats). In extreme cases, you can use a sturdy table;
• an electric drill or a hammer drill with a mixer for mixing the solution (also needed for ready-made mixtures - many manufacturers recommend mixing them thoroughly);
• trowel;
• a set of spatulas;
• plaster floats;
• containers for mixing dry mixes;
• special devices for surface treatment (flat brushes with hard bristles, embossed rollers, cellophane, sponges, etc.).

Wall preparation

Covering the walls with decorative plaster provides for a number of sequentially performed works:

• surface preparation;
• plastering walls with decorative mortar;
• surface finishing.

The durability of the coating, the consumption of mortar and the aesthetic perception of the plaster depend on the quality of the preparatory work performed. Instructions for preparing walls for decoration include the following operations:

• the old finish and fasteners (self-tapping screws, nails, hooks) are removed. Removed switches and sockets;
• the wall is inspected. Old plaster is tapped to detect loose layers, and unplastered walls are inspected for damage: cracks, chips, etc.;
• lagging plaster is removed (in case of significant damage, it is better to completely remove it);
• the surface of the wall is cleaned of dust, dirt, soot and volatile fats;
• damage is repaired;
• a penetrating primer is applied;
• the wall is plastered with starting plaster (the wet method of leveling the walls can be replaced with a dry one by gluing drywall);
• primed again with a deep penetration primer.

Instructions for applying decorative plaster

It is impossible to consider all the subtleties of wall cladding with different types of plaster in one material. There are many of them and each has its own application technology. Therefore, separate materials are devoted to the most popular types of decorative plaster. In this work, we will consider how to apply decorative plaster on flock walls, as well as "Venetian".

Technology of applying flock plaster

Flock plaster has two varieties: 2-component and 3-component composition. In a two-component composition, the chips are already mixed with an adhesive solution at the production stage. Therefore, applying such plaster to the wall is not difficult: the mixture is thoroughly kneaded by hand (using a mixer can damage the dry acrylic particles), and then applied to the wall with a medium-length pile roller.

You need to know that such plaster has limited possibilities in terms of design. More spectacular walls with significantly better quality are obtained by 3-layer plaster, consisting of glue, flocks and varnish. They are packaged and sold separately, which creates difficulties when working with them. The whole process is carried out in stage III.

Stage I The wall is primed. In the adhesive suspension, if necessary, enhance the color saturation, add color and stir with a mixer or manually, after which a base layer of acrylic glue (sometimes it is a special acrylic paint) with a long curing period is created with a roller (a quick-drying base layer does not allow applying chips to the entire wall for one take).

Practice shows that it is more convenient to work together. After the first finisher applied a “base” to part of the wall, the second one proceeds to the next step.

Stage II."Chips" are thrown onto the wall with a special gun connected to the compressor. When creating a pattern from different flocks, the borders are formed with masking tape. Excessively applied flakes are removed with a brush (metallized - with a rubber roller). After complete drying of the surface (at least 12 hours), proceed to the final stage.

Stage III. Glossy, matte or tinted acrylic varnish is applied to the flocks with a brush.

The technology of applying "Venetian plaster"

To get "Venetian plaster" on the wall, you will additionally need:

• dry rag;
• sandpaper (P100);
• color;
• wax;
• metal scissors - necessary for cutting the corners of a spatula and trowel;
• file - needed for working off the cut corners of plastering tools.

All work is divided into several stages:

• preparation of tools;
• mixing and tinting plaster;
• application of the main layers;
• ironing;
• wax coating.

Tool preparation. The corners of the spatula and trowel are cut with scissors, after which they are processed first with a needle file, and then with fine sandpaper.

Mixing and coloring. Sold Venetian plaster in buckets in the form of white paste. To prevent drying, water is poured into a bucket on the surface of the mixture. It must be drained, and then mix the plaster mortar with a drill or a puncher with a mixer until smooth. After that, color is added and kneaded with a mixer for 5-10 minutes.

The quality of tinting must be checked without fail - often the dye does not get into the paste near the walls of the bucket. You can fix the problem with a piece of wooden block. They feed the mixture from the walls of the bucket closer to the center, and then mix it again with a mixer. It is necessary to repeat the procedure until a uniformly colored suspension is obtained.

After tinting, the paste should mature for about 12 hours (the specific time is indicated by the manufacturer).

The last nuance that must be taken into account: with manual tinting, it is unrealistic to obtain a mixture of the same color tone for the second time. Therefore, it is necessary to tint the paste immediately for the entire wall, while with a margin. Don't worry if there's a little left. It's better than not enough.

Application of the main layers. Among professional finishers, it is believed that specialists should apply Venetian plaster. The point of view is based on the fact that complex technology can lead to marriage, and this is a waste of large sums from the family budget. But don't give up. People say: "the eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing."

In order not to really throw money away, you need to get primary experience. For this, 1 m 2 of plywood is plastered in a full cycle. It is necessary to repeat such an operation until the technique is perfected - it is better to lose a little when gaining experience than to screw up the whole work. Practice shows that 3-5 attempts are enough for high-quality wall decoration with "Venetian plaster".

"Venetian" is applied in several layers on a perfectly prepared surface (putty and sanded) - an uneven wall will increase the consumption of expensive plaster. You can level the base layer, but it is very expensive. Each layer is applied differently. But they are all dried and then smoothed out with a trowel. The latter is also polished.

First, the base layer is applied to the primed surface using conventional plaster technology. After application, the plaster layer is leveled and dried for 1-10 hours (the exact drying time is indicated on the package). The dried surface is carefully polished with a "zero".

Second and subsequent layers are applied in random strokes with a thin metal spatula or a special trowel with a rounded nose. The tool must be held at an angle of 30-35 o with respect to the surface, strokes should be applied with a little pressure, rubbing the layer as thin as possible - the base should shine through it. Each subsequent stroke should overlap the previous one by 5-10 mm - as if to lubricate, close the connecting seam. At the same time, the more chaotic the directions, lines, bends, the more effective the final result will be.

As with the base, each layer is dried and smoothed. The greater the number of layers, the greater the depth and brightness of the applied finish. A good result for beginners is obtained by applying 5-10 layers of paste.

Imitation of natural stones is achieved by shining through thin layers of plaster in places where the paste lay more densely.

Last a layer of “Venetian” is applied without fail with a thin spatula using a technique that finishers call “on a sdir” - first, paste is applied to the wall, and then removed with a blade. A very thin layer of material remains. The smoother the surface remains, the more beautiful the finish will be. Small irregularities will be removed with grout, but you still need to strive for a smoother surface.

Ironing. The last layer of plaster after 20-60 minutes after application (for different manufacturers this period is different) is ironed. The work is carried out in small areas, approximately 0.5 m 2 each. The process is carried out in the following order:

1. plaster is applied to a small section of the wall;
2. with a dry, clean surface of a Venetian trowel (an ordinary trowel with rounded ends), the applied paste is rubbed in a circular motion until a pattern of natural stone (marble) appears.

The transition to another area is made after the appearance of the "depth" of color and layering. It is important to prevent grains of sand and grains of filler from sticking to the surface of the trowel - they form scratches. When moving to another place, it is necessary to pay attention to the boundaries of the plots - wipe well.

Wax coating. Wax is applied with a wide spatula after the plaster has completely dried, after about a day. The technique is the same as that of the last layer - “on the sdir”.

For information: when applying 2 layers, the wax begins to flake off over time.

Approximately 40 minutes after application, the surface is polished with an electric drill or grinder with a speed of no more than 3,000 revolutions per minute (with faster rotation, the wax coating is not polished, but peeled off). The polishing pad should be soft, with a short nap. Polishing continues until the wax shines.

Coloring instructions

You can paint decorative plaster in several ways (techniques):

• in one tone;
• in two color shades;
• "dry brush";
• "wash".

One tone

The essence of the technique of painting in one color is well explained by the expression: "in one pass." The application of paint is carried out in a uniform layer, without gaps, with a fleecy roller, brush or spray gun. The roller must be moved up and down, the brush at first vertically, then horizontally. Clean up spills in a timely manner.

Textured plaster is poorly stained the first time (not all recesses get paint). Therefore, after the painted surface has dried, the procedure should be repeated.

two shades

The base color, using a roller with a long pile, rolls up the entire wall. After the paint has dried, a second type of paint is applied with a foam roller or sponge. In this case, the surface is painted with light movements, which allows painting over only the protruding parts of the plaster. The recesses remain originally painted.

Dry brush technique

The first coat of paint is applied similarly to the previous technique. But the second - with a brush. This allows, firstly, to paint only the tips of the protruding relief, and secondly, to use several types of paint (for example, under gold, silver and bronze).

This method is also used when painting complex patterns, when the paint lies on top of each other in several layers.

Washing technique

The plaster is painted with water-based paint in one pass. Then, with a damp sponge, the paint is washed off the surface of the relief, focusing on the depressions. The difference from previous techniques is that here the base layer is lightened on the protruding parts of the relief, and there the dye is applied in a different color or tone.

Non-aqueous paints are “washed out” using a grinder or a drill with a nozzle - during the grinding process, the protrusions are removed along with the paint.

The nuances of applying decorative plaster outside

Correctly applying decorative plaster on the facade of the building is not difficult - only textured compositions with simple technology are used. However, here, as in any business, there are nuances.

• The corners are plastered last. Dried mortar on adjacent walls will be an excellent beacon for the rule. You can replace it with a wide spatula or a special template made of plywood or tin.
• Manufacturers claim that all types of solutions are suitable for outdoor work. Practice shows that there is nothing better than an old friend: cement. Therefore, the best option is mineral plaster.
• It is better to insulate walls before plastering.
• Work must be carried out in warm, rainless weather - a break in the rain will spoil the results of the work done.

Any thing lasts longer if it is constantly looked after. This also applies to decorative plaster. A few simple rules will make this type of finish durable.

• Decorative plaster in the first 2-3 years does not require special care - just wipe the walls with a damp soft cloth. For heavy soiling, you can use detergents and a brush, but without abrasive fillers. To be sure that the "chemistry" will not damage the surface of the plaster, you need to wash a small piece of the wall in a secluded place.
• After a few years, you can refresh the plaster with wax, which, firstly, creates an additional water-repellent film, secondly, enhances, and in some cases adds shine, and thirdly, beats the surface texture more effectively.

Wax mixtures are applied with a spatula, paint brush or sponge, and then polished.

In addition to wax, decorative plaster can be coated with varnish or special glazing compounds (application is carried out by hand using a special mitt), which give the walls a pearly sheen.

Wash the treated wall only with soapy water at room temperature. It must be remembered that warm water melts the wax.

• The untreated surface after 8-10 years can be painted with decorating paint for interior work. Complete repainting of the walls will change the interior of the room beyond recognition.
• All varieties of "Venetian plaster" should preferably be immediately, after drying, varnished or wax-based polishing compound. This will create an additional protective layer against accidental mechanical impact: bumps, scratches, etc. - fragmentary repair in case of destruction, the glossy layer of plaster is not amenable to.

Conclusion

Decorative plaster allows you to get beautiful and durable walls with a long service life. At the same time, the "Venetian" has the most spectacular appearance. But the high price of materials and complex application techniques shift it to the very bottom of the popularity rating.

Textured materials without the formation of a deep relief (“fur coat”, “lamb”) are not very expensive, they are applied on their own. But they don't look good enough. Therefore, they have a golden mean.

Solutions with deep furrows are in the lead. They have the most acceptable combination of price and quality. The ability to use any fillers allows you to experiment, resulting in fantastic, unlike anything else surfaces.

The development of modern technologies is reflected in the construction industry. Today, along with the traditional, conventional types of wall and ceiling decoration, the use of decorative plaster is gaining popularity. The theme is fresh and unbroken, due to this decor, the interior becomes special. We understand the main nuances of this material, study its advantages, disadvantages, varieties, current color solutions and design.

Peculiarities

Under decorative plaster it is customary to understand the finishing plaster material. Its main distinguishing feature is texture. In contrast to the rough starting coat, which is a preparatory layer and leveler for plaster, the finish in question has a soft and delicate texture.

A decorative variety for interior decoration of coatings is designed to decorate walls, ceilings, ledges, niches, columns and other design features of premises.

The main component of decorative plaster is a binder. In addition, the composition includes various additives that determine the decorative and operational qualities of the plaster mix. This is a separate type of plaster, which is not applied for leveling. Such material is an alternative to classic and liquid wallpaper, painting, wall panels, drywall, laminate, other wall and ceiling cladding.

Decorative plaster is highly plastic. It is convenient and comfortable to work with. A characteristic feature of this finish is the presence of a relief. It makes the plaster material special. The pattern is beautiful, corresponds to the fashion trends of interior compositions and is almost always individual. These factors determine the relevance of using decorative plaster instead of conventional cladding.

Such mixtures differ from starting varieties in that they do not shrink after drying. Subject to the application technology, they will not crack, fall off the surfaces. Most of these mixtures have an ecological basis. Therefore, they are harmless to the human body.

An interesting nuance is the fact that decorative plaster can be made independently from ordinary putty. The composition is quite simple and does not require large financial costs.

They can be used in any room of the home. Decorative plaster coatings can decorate walls and ceilings in the living room, bedroom, children's room, hallway, corridor, office, home library. They are applicable in decorating the space of a glazed balcony or loggia. At the same time, the mixtures can be dyed in any color, they can be supplemented with additives (for example, marble chips, mother-of-pearl or silver).

Advantages and disadvantages

Decorative plaster, used to decorate the interior, has many advantages.

• It is produced on modern equipment from high-quality raw materials. Due to this, it has high performance characteristics.
• She is aesthetically pleasing. Any interior looks stylish, beautiful and appropriate with such decor. At the same time, the pattern of textured plaster does not limit the number of furniture details.
• Regardless of the type of print, it is expressive. With different design, this decor fits into the interior of the home according to the chosen direction of style.
• Decorative cladding based on plaster has a different form of release. You can choose a convenient option for yourself, taking into account financial capabilities and your own preferences.
• Such decoration can be a stylish accent or a full-fledged interior design of a room. With it, you can zone the space of the room.

• Decorative coating can bring the desired mood into the interior. With it, you can make the room stylish and cozy.
• Due to the shade used and a certain effect of the material, you can visually increase the height and width of the walls, erase the clear boundaries of the ceilings.
• The textured plaster mixture simplifies surface cladding. It allows you to approach the decoration of space creatively, revealing its full potential.
• Decorative plaster is compatible with other finishes. You can combine it with wallpaper, wall paneling, sheathing and even stretch fabric inserts in plasterboard constructions that transition to the wall.
• This is a durable material. It is resistant to negative environmental factors, temperature changes and sunlight. With careful care and operation, it will last more than 10 years.
• Plaster mixtures are varied. Due to different additives, they differ in a certain effect. This fact allows you to perform the desired pattern on the coating layer without resorting to the help of specialists.
• This material has thermal insulation properties. It additionally insulates the floors on which it is applied.

It is impossible not to mention the disadvantages of decorative plaster.

• She is really strong. However, it does not provide significant mechanical stress. A strong impact will result in chips or scratches.
• Not every composition is durable. Sometimes for this it is necessary to cover the interior plaster with water-based varnish, after diluting it with water.
• Good material with a special effect is expensive. If you add special trowels with the desired relief to this, the finish can cost a round sum.
• Caring for a relief surface is not easy. You can't just vacuum the planes, ridding them of dust. Removing dirt will also be problematic.
• The consumption of decorative interior plaster is more than classical analogues. At the same time, marriage is also possible, so the material will have to be bought with a margin.
• This finish does not tolerate hack work. If you delay the workflow, the pattern in all areas will be different. In this case, the layer of the applied mixture may also differ.

Kinds

All existing types of decorative plaster can be classified according to the form of release. In the modern construction market, interior plaster products for interior work are today presented in the form of a powder mixture and a finished mass.

The first option requires preliminary mixing of the composition with water at room temperature in the required proportions. In the second case, this is a mass that does not need to be diluted. Often it is already colored, which is not the case with the dry counterpart, which has a predominantly base color. However, this factor gives him great advantages, allowing staining of any degree of intensity.

The composition of the interior plaster can be of several types.

• Mineral based on cement. Differs in plasticity, suitable for finishing mineral types of bases.
• Acrylic, named after the main component (acrylic resin). Suitable for all types of floors, has a high viscosity.
• silicate, made on the basis of liquid glass. Breathable universal plaster.
• Silicone, modification based on synthetic resins. One of the best varieties for finishing interior floors.

Colors and design

Color solutions for interior plaster are varied. They can be limited by two factors: the degree of illumination of a particular room of the dwelling and its footage. Otherwise, it all depends on the presence of taste and creativity in the design of walls and ceilings.

For the ceiling, they try to choose white and ivory. Recently, bleached gray, decorated with a silvery sheen, has been added to them.

For walls, the use of a white shade is impractical. Beige, marble tones are popular here. However, not all so simple: the choice of color should be based on the chosen style and its business cards. For example, if a loft style is chosen, the color of the finish that imitates brick or stone will resemble natural material. That is, these are gray, mustard, brick tones.

If you need to show unity with the ecological style, choose beige, sandy tones. In some lines, there is a stylization made in pinkish, gray-blue and even blue tones. Popular colors, in addition to white, are green, olive, blue. Black color is not able to fully convey the beauty of the relief. However, it can be used in minimal quantities (for example, for painting).

Decorating plaster is a special issue. Let's make a reservation right away: the design of interior plaster can be done in two ways. In the first case, this is the implementation of a relief pattern by pushing through an uncured plaster layer. Here, textured rollers are used, they are wrapped with a clothesline, cling film, the use of crumpled newspaper, a special trowel, fingers, moldings, stencils and other devices.

Otherwise, the decoration is more complex. First, the first decorative layer is performed. Then, in the right place, by applying the mass, a three-dimensional pattern is performed. It can have a different size, relief and theme. Such drawings are created by professionals with artistic and sculpting skills.

Often, shells or paints are used for such decoration, covering the created pattern with them. The subject matter is different. It can be a picture of ancient times, a flower or plant composition, stylized ornaments, the effect of three-dimensional sculptures. It all depends on the chosen direction of design.

Selection and use

Let's designate the main aspects of choosing decorative plaster to decorate a certain interior, taking into account the main branches of design.

Classic

Classics, neoclassics, classicism, Italian style need elements of solemnity. Preferred light shades and the inclusion of gilding in the finish. Large relief is not needed. Suitable Venetian, Versailles plaster. You can depict elements of gypsum stucco.

It would be appropriate to use textured rollers: applying a relief will make the interior stylish.

Modern

Minimalistic or dressy modern trends need a discreet display of coatings. For example, for minimalism relief is not required at all. If we consider modern modernity, gloss is needed here. A small relief, an unusual texture, a simple pattern - these are the main criteria for choosing a pattern.

creative

For finishing, it is better to mix the plaster of two shades. This will give the cover a personality.

ethnic

Scandinavian, English, African, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese and other interior styles are distinguished by their characteristic features and approach to decorating walls and ceilings. For example, history is more important than ever for oriental interiors. Such covers can be decorated with embossed calligraphy in the form of poems, fanz roofs, sakura branches. If you take the Arabic direction, here you can recreate the texture of an aged surface, depict on it a motif from the fairy tales of Scheherazade. There are a lot of options: it all depends on the capabilities of the performer.

Vintage and ecological

It all depends on the overall concept of the chosen interior. If this is an abundance of wood, you should not repeat it in a shade of plaster. It is better to make it expressive using the technique of contrasting tones. At the same time, bark beetle plaster, the texture of the board is appropriate.

For baroque and rococo styles, it is important to show luxury. Need Versailles or Venetian plaster in two shades. The presence of silver will create a special effect. If we consider the interior in the spirit of Provence, we need simplicity and a matte texture, for country music you can use textured rollers.

Purpose

When choosing interior plaster, the footage and type of room in an apartment or private house matter. For example, for a spacious living room, various patterns and even large paintings on the entire wall are appropriate. If the room is small, it is better to use the technique of drawing in the form of a panel. For a special effect, you can arrange a plaster pattern in a baguette frame.

If you plan to decorate the bedroom, it is better to choose simple patterns. There is no need to create complex pictures here. This can create emotional stress. It is better to decorate this space with an imitation of aging, Versailles decoration in bright colors is suitable. If you want to highlight the headboard area, you can accentuate this area by pasting the rest of the walls with wallpaper of a related color.

When using a pattern on a plaster surface, a print on the wallpaper is undesirable.

The desire of many owners of private houses to give their home a completely unique look is quite understandable. Relief plasters come to their aid, which are made from solutions on various bases and applied to the surface of the walls either with special tools, or with improvised, sometimes completely unexpected objects, depending on what effect is planned to be obtained.

Do-it-yourself decorative wall plastering is a great way to stand out from the crowd. Before deciding on the choice of the desired pattern and the technique of its reproduction, it is necessary to consider various finishing options. After the desired relief is determined, it is advisable to conduct a practical lesson, and plastering it in accordance with the plan.

Some techniques for working with decorative plaster can be called art, since three-dimensional paintings with various subjects are molded from it, which can become an exclusive decoration of the wall of an apartment or a country mansion. Experienced craftsmen, using them, create real works from ordinary plaster mass that set the style for the entire design of a room or facade.

Decorative plaster - what is it?

For a long time, decorative plaster was used to decorate walls, and with a change in interior styles, its plot patterns and relief changed, becoming more complex or, conversely, for the sake of fashion, simplifying. It has not lost its relevance to this day - in our time, with the help of a similar technology, both the facade parts of buildings and the interior walls of the room are finished.

Most often, a plaster coating is used, which, in addition to being decorative, also performs a protective function, preventing moisture and dust from penetrating to the main wall.

For interior walls, a uniform pattern finish or an embossed plot panel can be used. Having chosen a relief in the form of a picture to decorate your home, you can be sure that it will be guaranteed to be original, since it is almost impossible to depict the same drawing twice in this technique in exactly the same way.

Reliefs applied to the wall are usually covered with one or more shades of color, which give them a deeper volume. If desired, when the original color of the decorative plaster gets tired, it can be easily changed to another. Moreover, this process can be carried out both on a homogeneous coating and on a panel. The paint is applied to relief panels with a brush and sponge, and on a homogeneous surface - using a spray gun or roller.

Decorative plaster can have a deep relief, which is called a bas-relief - it protrudes 8 ÷ 15 mm above the wall surface, or it can be almost smooth and stand out only in color. Today, in construction stores, you can find compositions that, when applied with a conventional spatula, can form a relief surface, and for some of them special nozzles are used that are installed on rollers. They are able to imitate tree bark, tall grass, layered rocks and many other three-dimensional drawings.

The plaster mixtures used to create the relief are quite plastic. They are easy to apply on a pre-prepared wall surface and transform into various patterns.

Fundamentals of technology for applying textured plaster

The work on finishing the walls with decorative plaster is carried out in stages, in accordance with the requirements of the developed technology. It includes several stages.

• The first step is to determine the pattern that will have to decorate the walls, as well as the tools needed to reproduce it. The relief sample during work should be in front of the eyes so that its contours can be repeated. This is especially important if the plot version of the panel is chosen.
• Next, you need to prepare the tools that will knead the plaster composition, apply it to the wall and create a relief pattern.
• When everything is ready, you can proceed to the preparation of the walls. This process is carried out in almost the same way for both facade and indoor walls - it includes cleaning surfaces from old coatings, rough leveling, and then priming them. It is better to choose the composition of the primer with antiseptic additives, then the walls will be protected from damage by mold, fungus, moss, etc., as well as from the creation of nests by insects.
• Then, a starting leveling layer of plaster is applied to the prepared, well-dried surface - it will become the basis for the textured finish layer.
• After the starting layer is well dried, the wall surface is recommended, once again, to create a higher adhesion between the layers of the plaster composition.

• The next step, again, after the soil has completely dried, a finishing textured plaster is applied, from which the relief is formed. In some of the techniques used, the upper part of the applied plaster is compared to one plane, and textured recesses remain inside, creating a uniform but chaotic relief.

• When reproducing some drawings, the application of several layers of decorative plaster is required, in which case each of them requires good drying.
• Further, if the color has not been added to the plaster mixture, the paint is applied on top of the textured layer. If the surface is given a uniform pattern with recesses, then it is best to carry out this process with a spray gun. If it is planned to produce an uneven color, then you can use a sponge or a brush for tinting. The paint should be applied in such a way that it emphasizes the beauty of the relief of the decorative coating. When tinting a panel, the paint is applied in several stages to create a visual perception of its depth.

When performing work, you must strictly follow the step-by-step instructions. Making any changes to the relief manufacturing technology can adversely affect the design result. Therefore, do not rush - it is necessary to thoroughly dry each of the layers, observing their order. It is better to immediately prepare for the fact that it will take more than one day to create a high-quality relief wall covering.

Now that the general principles of decorating a wall by applying decorative embossed plaster to it are known, it makes sense to consider the tools that can be used for these technological operations.

decorative plaster

Tools for working with relief plaster

Finishing the wall with decorative plaster and forming a relief pattern with it, use the following tools:

• To mix the plaster mortar, you will need a drill and a mixer nozzle. With their help, you can easily and quickly enough, without much effort, make the mixture plastic and homogeneous.

• Spatulas of various sizes - these tools can be called the main ones in working with any plaster, since they are indispensable when applying any of the layers of the finish.
• or a trowel are also quite often used to cover surfaces with plaster solutions.
• A special mitten, which is used both to create a relief and to color it.

• Brush with hard or soft bristles, plastic wrap, rubber gloves, sponge or plastic dishwashing net.
• The use of a roller and rubber nozzles for it can be called the most popular way to make a wall embossed. The variety of these devices allows you to choose one of the many textured patterns offered by the manufacturer.

In addition, using this technique, the work is faster, and the print on the wall is neat and aesthetic, however, such reliefs cannot be called exclusive. Nozzles for rollers can have patterns of floral patterns, waves, various curls, geometric shapes and others.

Reliefs imitating the texture of leather or tree bark, as well as other natural materials, look especially impressive.

Nozzles can create a textured pattern, located vertically or horizontally, chaotically or perfectly correctly - this factor will depend on the preference of the owner of the finished housing.

Textured plaster expands the possibilities of transforming walls, and the presence of a variety of tools opens up scope for creating numerous drawings. It should be noted that craftsmen who are professionally engaged in this art, when making reliefs, often use completely unexpected tools and household items, for example, wood cutters, spatulas for manicure, or even ordinary teaspoons.

Materials for decorative plaster

In addition to well-chosen tools, it is necessary to choose the optimal plaster composition. The range is quite wide, as many well-known manufacturing companies offer special ones that allow you to easily transform the facades and premises of houses.

Starting plaster

In addition to the decorative mixture, it is necessary to purchase starting plaster, with which it will be possible to level the surface of the wall, preparing it for relief design. For this purpose, it is better to purchase compositions made on the same basis as the finish, then we can say with confidence that good adhesion will be created between the base and the outer plaster layer. So, for the starting, leveling layer, fit:

• Starting plaster on a plaster basis. A distinctive feature of this mixture is a short time before setting, so you need to work with it very quickly. If there is no experience in leveling walls, then it is better to choose a mixture that will allow for longer work.

• For example, a cement-based mortar is perfect for both experienced craftsmen and beginners. It can be bought ready-made, or you can make it yourself from cement and well-sifted sand, taken in a 1: 3 ratio. For the plasticity of a home-made mixture, PVA glue or liquid soap is often added to it. Thanks to these components, the solution will become softer and at the same time “sticky” to the walls, and it will be easy to work with.
• Sometimes clay is used for the starting layer, which can also be purchased at a hardware store in an already prepared form. Most often, clay mortar is used for plastering a wooden surface, but recently masters still prefer more modern materials for work. Although clay has numerous positive qualities, such as elasticity, good adhesion to the surface, environmental friendliness, and in addition, it is a "breathable" material.

Decorative plaster compositions

For decorative finishing, special plaster compositions are used, which are also made on different bases. They are intended for a variety of relief patterns, so some of them are equipped with various additives. On the packaging, the manufacturer indicates the name of the relief for which this mixture is intended, since solid crumbs from different materials can be used as additives, which have a large and small fraction and give various finishing effects.

The proposed table presents some types of decorative plaster, which are most often used for finishing the facade of the house and walls inside the premises.

Appearance of the package	Embossed pattern on the wall	The basis of decorative plaster	Additive fraction size, mm
		Mineral Ceresit CT 35	"Bark beetle" 2.5÷3.5
		Mineral Ceresit CT 137	"Pebble" 1.0÷2.5
		Polymer Ceresit CT 77	Mosaic 0.8÷2.0
		Acrylic "Ceresit CT 60, CT 63, CT 64"	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.5; "bark beetle" 2.0÷3.0
		Silicate-silicone Ceresit CT 175	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.0; "bark beetle" 2,0
		silicate Ceresit CT 73	"Pebble" 1.5÷2.5; "bark beetle" 2,0
		Texture acrylic "Capital"	"Quartz coat"
		Based on white cement Master	"Lamb" 2,0
		Acrylic "Optimist Elite"	"Venetian plaster" white thick homogenous paste

As can be seen from the presented table, plaster mixtures are produced in a dry and pasty state. Ready-made pastes, diluted to the desired consistency, will usually cost a little more than dry mixes, but they are much easier to use, since you do not have to calculate the proportions when kneading.

Ready-to-use plasters can be used immediately after the primer dries on the prepared wall. Upon completion of the work, the rest of the mixture is closed in the packing bucket, and during the next stage, the paste can be reused, since it can be stored for quite a long time in the closed state.

If you want to create your own plaster, you can take as a basis the recipes given in the table below:

Components of the solution	Appearance and color of plaster
	Under white marble	Like yellow marble	Under red granite	Under gray granite
	Quantity in parts by volume
Portland cement M400	1	1	1	1
lime dough	0.5	0.25	0.1	0.1
marble flour	0.5	0.25	-	-
Marble chips	3	3	3	3
Mica (from cement volume)	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pigment in % by weight of cement	-	Ocher 3÷5	Iron Minium 5÷10	Manganese peroxide 1÷5

Priming compositions

Wall primers used at the preparatory stage are sold in pasty and liquid consistency.

plaster

• To treat the wall for applying the starting layer, it is recommended to use deep penetration liquid compositions, including antiseptic additives.

• After the starting plaster has dried, it should also be primed, thereby creating a good basis for the finishing decorative layer. For this process, it is best to use a primer that has a thicker, closer to pasty consistency.

Each of the layers applied to the wall must be completely dried, and only after that the next one can be applied. Otherwise, the plaster may begin to crack or peel off the surface.

Coloring compositions for decorative plaster

They can be tinted, or they are painted before starting work. Sometimes the color is applied by the manufacturer to the plaster, in other cases color additives are purchased separately and also added to the paste or dry mix before kneading or applying it.

Another option for giving the finished decorative plaster the desired color is to paint it with a spray gun, roller or brush. In this case, a white or gray composition is applied to the wall, and then, after it dries, it is given a uniform or three-dimensional coloring.

For painting textured plaster applied to the wall, water-based paints are used - these are emulsion and water-dispersion. Such paints are produced in various colors, but if you wish, you can give them a shade yourself, by purchasing a separate white “base” and the color you like. Their mixing is done immediately before applying to the wall, in which case you can achieve a darker or, conversely, lighter shade, which will help give the pattern on the wall volume and depth.

Lacquer for decorative plaster

For textured plasters that have a shallow relief or a relatively smooth surface structure, a varnish or wax protective decorative coating is usually used.

Varnishes can be matte or glossy, and can significantly enrich the color of the wall finish. Thanks to even one layer of varnish, the plaster will retain its original appearance much longer.

In some cases, in order to achieve the desired effect, it is better to apply varnish on the wall surface in several layers. For example, if an imitation of polished stone or crocodile skin is reproduced on the wall.

Wax is most often used as a protective agent for Venetian plaster, which can acquire a matte or even mirror shine after application. Wax has no smell and is an environmentally friendly material. It is able to protect the wall covering from dust and yellowing, and besides this, it creates a water-repellent layer, and at the same time it has good vapor permeability, that is, the walls do not lose the ability to “breathe”. Due to these qualities, the wax coating can be used in living rooms and in rooms with high humidity.

Wax is produced in a colorless version and retains the color of decorative plaster in its original state. In addition, it can be tinted with metallic pigments or pearlescent additives. For example, the CERA wax shown in the illustration is available in three color options - colorless, silver and gold, which allows you to enrich the decorative finish with a pleasant soft sheen.

masking tape

In some finishing works, you can not do without the use of masking tape. It is used to protect adjacent surfaces when working on one of them, as well as in cases where it is necessary to separate different textured or color patterns from each other. The tape is easy to stick to any surface and can be removed without leaving marks. It has a low price, so in any case, stocking up with all the materials necessary for finishing, it should be purchased as an aid.

When buying any finishing materials, it is very important to pay attention to the manufacturer's clarifications, which are placed on the packaging - about what kind of work they are intended for, internal or external. Many compositions for external use are also well suited for decorating the walls of rooms, but materials for internal use when applied to the facade, alas, will not last long.

Versailles plaster

Wall surface preparation

Now, having figured out how to choose a material, and what tools will be needed for work, we can proceed to consider the process of preparing walls for applying plaster solutions.

Preliminary preparation of wall surfaces

To get a quality result, it is very important to clean the wall well from old coatings, and such actions are performed both on external walls and on internal ones. It is imperative to remove old wallpaper, paint or whitewash from them, otherwise the starting layer of plaster will have insufficient adhesion to the surface.

The main measures for the preparation of wall surfaces are shown in the table below:

Illustration
	Removal of the old layer of plaster from the walls. This process is especially important to carry out very carefully if the old decorative coating has begun to peel off from the main surface. If you need to remove a thin plaster layer, then for this purpose you can use a grinder or a construction grater with coarse-grained sandpaper installed on it.
	In the event that the walls are covered with wallpaper, the old canvases must also be removed. Usually pasted old wallpapers are moistened with a spray gun, and this process is carried out several times, since the canvases should get wet up to the wall itself. After that, the finishing material is removed with a spatula.
	Another option for cleaning walls from wallpaper is steaming. For this purpose, a special tool or a steam iron is used, and in addition, an air humidifier can be used, which is directed towards the wall that needs to be cleaned of wallpaper.
	If the wall is painted, then the paint layer must also be peeled off, otherwise the plaster layer simply will not lie on the wall. Paint removal is done with a scraper, softening the old paint with a hot stream from a building hair dryer. You can also apply the abrasive method using a grinder with an iron brush or an electric drill with an abrasive nozzle.
	After the old decorative coating is removed from the wall surfaces, a leveling plaster layer or simply the capital concrete base itself will open. On concrete, depressions and irregularities are often found, which will have to be leveled by applying a putty layer.
	If a good quality plaster is found that does not separate from the main wall, then it can not be cleaned off. In this case, notches with a depth of 5 ÷ 7 mm are made on the surface of the wall with an ax or a chisel. They will be necessary to ensure better adhesion of the leveling starting layer to the wall. However, they often do without them, using modern primers of the "betonokontakt" type, which provide excellent adhesion of the applied plaster compositions.
	However, quite often the situation is such that the old plaster has to be removed completely, as it crumbles and does not adhere securely to the surface. This flaw can be detected when notches are applied, since when tapping in some areas of the wall, the plaster layer can “bump”, or even just fall off. If a layer separation occurs on a large section of the wall, then it is best to remove the old coating completely - the process, as they say, has already begun, and no one can guarantee that the remaining areas will be stable.
	After the old plaster layer is removed, serious damage can be found on the wall in the form of deep cracks. They must be repaired, otherwise they will eventually appear on new plaster layers, and the work will be spoiled.
	The detected cracks are embroidered, that is, they are made wider and deeper. Then they are cleaned and treated with a deep penetration primer. Their filling is carried out with a plastic repair compound. Special repair solutions are on sale, and for interior work, you can use the usual starting putty. The repair mortar must fill the entire volume of the cut crack, to the full depth or width. If a wide crack is found, then it can be filled with mounting foam with a slight expansion. Its excess, which came out after the material hardened, is cut flush with the wall. In some cases, to strengthen the crack and avoid its manifestation through new finishing layers, a reinforcing serpentine mesh is glued on top of it on the putty mortar.
	After the repair “patches” on the cracks dry out, they must be cleaned with a construction grater with an abrasive mesh installed on it first, and then with sandpaper.
	The next step is to coat the wall with a deep penetration antiseptic primer. If the first layer of primer is absorbed into the wall surface without a trace, then one or even two more layers of primer are applied. The primer composition will penetrate into the pores of the plaster or wall material, strengthen its surface and create good conditions for adhesion of materials. The solution can be applied with a roller or with a wide brush. Each subsequent layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried.

On a primed and dried wall, plastering can be done.

Applying a base leveling layer of plaster

The next important stage is plastering, which finally prepares the surface for further application of decorative plaster. Alignment is carried out on a primed and well-dried wall.

Methods of plaster leveling of surfaces may vary somewhat - depending on the material of the wall and the quality of the surface. But the general technology is still general, and more about it in the table below:

illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	If, when checking the wall with the help of a building level, it was found that it requires major alignment, then beacons made of special metal profiles are placed on the surface as the first step. They are fixed on the wall with a step of 1000 ÷ 1200 mm, controlled vertically and horizontally using a building level and a long rule. The fixing of these profiles is carried out using a cement mortar with the addition of gypsum or only a gypsum mixture, since this material sets quickly and will not delay the subsequent work. Between the slides of the solution, on which the beacon profiles are attached, they maintain a distance of the order of 400 ÷ 500 mm.
	Having set the beacons, you can proceed to mixing the plaster. It must be homogeneous, without hard inclusions, otherwise it will be problematic to align it to the ideal, since voids can form near large hard fractions, which will weaken the coating. Before applying the solution, the wall can be slightly moistened by spraying it with a spray bottle or a brush. The next step is to throw a thick layer of plastic solution onto the surface, which should be 30 ÷ 50 mm higher than the beacons. Excess mortar will be removed by the rule when leveling the plaster.
	Further, the wet solution applied to the wall is leveled with a rule that moves along the beacon guides. Work begins from the bottom of the wall - as a rule, slowly, it rises up, while it is slightly moved from side to side for better distribution of the solution in the space between the beacons. At the same time, the excess plaster mixture is usually collected, which can later be used for application to adjacent sections of the wall.
	After plastering the surface, it should be left for 2-3 days to set. At the same time, it is recommended to spray the wall periodically with water to obtain greater strength of the applied layer. Further, the still wet plaster is overwritten, throwing cement milk over it. These works are carried out using a plaster trowel or grout, which is lightly pressed against the wall and the surface is rubbed in a counterclockwise circular motion, making it even. The worn surface is left to dry completely, which depends on the thickness of the layer and can take from 5 to 15 days.
	The dried plastered wall should be well primed using a paste-like thick primer, which is applied with a roller. Hard-to-reach areas of the wall are processed with a narrow brush. A water-based primer dries quickly enough, so very often after 2-3 hours it becomes possible to proceed to the next stage of work.
	If we are talking about interior work, then in order for the result of wall finishing to be of high quality, it is recommended to apply a thin, 1.5 ÷ 2.0 mm, layer of gypsum-based plaster to the leveling plaster layer. It will make the surface smooth, correcting all the shortcomings of the base layer. The plaster is applied with a metal trowel or with a wide spatula, making semicircular movements. At the same time, it must be remembered that the gypsum mixture quickly sets and hardens, therefore it is impossible to knead a large amount of the solution, since it will no longer be possible to “revive” it by adding water. It should be noted that as this starting layer for decorative plaster, you can also use a ready-made cement-based mixture, or one of the common putty compositions. After drying this layer, it must be primed.

Decorative plaster - application and painting

When all the leveling layers are dry and the wall is fully prepared, you can proceed to the final stage of work - applying a decorative plaster layer.

Several popular embossing methods

This is perhaps the most interesting creative process, after which the wall will take on a completely updated look. For this stage, a decorative pasty plaster mass or a dry mixture is used, which is kneaded independently, in the same way as the base solution, that is, using a mixer mounted on an electric drill.

In any case, the mass should be plastic and homogeneous, unless, of course, such a coating as "bark beetle" or "lamb" is chosen, which contains additives from stone chips. But even with such a solution, the solid fractions should be distributed in the plastic mass quite evenly.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	Venetian plaster can have a different relief pattern, but it is always shallow and chaotic. However, sometimes it is the background for clear geometric or floral patterns. Decorative plaster is applied with a metal or rubber spatula in thin layers, the number of which can be from 5 to 8. Despite such a considerable number of layers, the total thickness of the plaster made using this technique is only 3 ÷ 4 mm.
	To reproduce Venetian plaster, an already tinted composition is most often used, otherwise it will be necessary to color it after completion of its application and drying, and in this case, part of the intended effect will be lost. The desired effect of the "silk" surface is achieved by the presence of several layers of the same color, each of which is applied and rubbed in different directions. Thanks to this technique, strokes that differ in direction give a different reflection of the light hitting the wall. Thus, the surface shines with a silky sheen. In some cases, in order to create the effect of a deeper spatial volume, translucent from the inside, several color shades close to each other are taken.
	Each of the layers of the plaster composition applied with strokes is smoothed out, but this process is carried out with tangential movements with the application of certain efforts. For each of the layers, professional craftsmen use spatulas and trowels of different thickness and width, creating a multilayer chaotic relief pattern from the solution. With the help of this plastering technique, it is possible to imitate the pattern structure of various finishing stones on the wall. To enhance the imitation effect, after completion of the plaster application, after waiting for it to dry, the surface is polished with wax or covered with matte varnish.
	A more affordable option for a non-professional embossed plaster. The composition is applied with a conventional spatula in one or more layers, each of which must be dried. The relief of each layer can be smoothed out, or its protruding fragments can be left in their original form. Smoothing the solution is carried out with a metal trowel, with gentle touches. Using this technique, you can create various reliefs, and their shape and direction will depend on the creative mood of the master.
	If you intend to create a relief that has the correct smooth shapes and lines, you can use a notched trowel (trowel), usually used to apply glue when finishing surfaces with ceramic tiles, or a special comb to reproduce it.
	This type of embossed pattern will be easy to reproduce for the master who first picked up a plastering tool. The first step is to apply a layer of plaster on the wall using a conventional wide spatula, and it is not necessary that it be perfectly even. Then it displays a relief in the form of semicircles, checkerboard lines or other patterns that you can come up with on your own.
	Another version of the relief, available for reproduction for any creative person, is an impression from an ordinary polyethylene film on wet plaster applied to the wall. In this case, fantasy can also not be limited, since the film can be used unfolded or rolled into a roller, as well as simply crumpled it randomly. In addition, you can come up with your own version of the use of this material, since, achieving the desired pattern, you can safely experiment with a solution and a film.
	When removing the film, after it has been pressed against wet plaster, it will inevitably pull the solution along with it, and as a result, peculiar relief protrusions are formed that can be smoothed with a spatula or trowel. Using this method of creating decorative plaster, you can use a tinted solution, or paint it after the wall dries after applying the relief.
	Quite popular for decorating both internal and external surfaces of walls is such a textured pattern as "bark beetle". For this, a special plaster composition is used, which includes hard stone fractions with a size of 1.5 ÷ 3 mm. Such a solution is applied using a metal trowel, and it can be distributed on the surface in different directions, depending on what relief is intended to be obtained. Rigid fractions when applying plaster leave furrows that mimic damage to the surface by insects. These in-depth stripes can be arranged vertically, horizontally, diagonally, in the form of a semicircle or whole circles - the direction of the relief pattern will depend on the preference of the master and the intended design.
	A frequently used tool for applying relief is a roller, which leaves a textured pattern on the surface of the wall. This method of recreating volume can be used by any homeowner, even if he has never done plastering before. It is enough to purchase a roller with a relief you like on its rubber nozzle and leave an imprint on a fresh solution applied to the wall. The choice of nozzles is so great that they can be chosen for any, even the most sophisticated taste. If desired, the nozzle on the roller can be made independently, using pieces of foam rubber, wound coarse rope, plastic wrap, fur, fabric with a deep relief or other materials that can leave the necessary impression on wet plaster.
	If it is planned to create the correct floral pattern on the walls, in the form of grass and leaves of various shapes and sizes, then a roller with such a pattern will have to be purchased ready-made. The work on decorating the walls using this technique takes place quite quickly, since there will be no failures in the process - the plaster mixture is applied and distributed on the surface with a spatula, and while it remains wet, it is passed over with a roller, which will leave the selected pattern on the surface.
	And this is a completely simple way that does not require special expenses for the purchase of a tool for reproducing relief. For the finishing process, a regular flat brush with soft or hard bristles is used, depending on how clear the pattern is to be obtained. The relief is recreated according to the same principle as when using a spatula with a notched comb - according to a fresh plaster mortar applied to the wall.
	Another technique of decorative plaster, which is not performed over the entire surface of the wall, but only in its individual areas. One of the above-described types of shallow relief can serve as a background for it. Panels are usually made from gypsum plaster. The composition is applied in slides to the marked area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall according to the drawing and left to dry. After drying, cutting tools are used - it can be a knife, cutters of various shapes and a spatula - with their help, the necessary forms are created. In addition to the incisors, you will need sandpaper with fine and medium grain, which smooths out the cut out elements of the three-dimensional pattern. In order not to spoil the wall, it is recommended to experiment by creating a small panel or its individual parts on a plywood sheet. Only after making sure that everything works out, you can proceed to reproduce the intended relief pattern on the wall.

In addition to those listed above, there are other items that can be used to create relief patterns on the surface of the wall. For this purpose, not only professional tools are widely used, but also improvised devices or even fragments of plants, for example, tree leaves or branches of various thicknesses.

Painting decorative plaster

As mentioned above, you can buy colored decorative plaster in hardware stores, but working with it is much more difficult, since it is necessary to reproduce all complex ones with one color. Therefore, most often a white plaster mixture is chosen, which, after final drying, is covered with the selected shades, which greatly expands the creative possibilities of the home master.

In addition to applying color to a finished relief wall, there is another technique for creating a colored surface. In this option, a certain color scheme is added to white plaster before it is applied, and then a relief on the wall is made from material of different shades. This is a fairly complex technique, and a professional artist or a person with the appropriate talent can handle it. Therefore, the best option is to color the finished relief.

Usually, water-based paints are used to paint decorative plaster, to which the desired color is added. It is recommended, when choosing a color, to make it one or two shades darker, since when the paint dries, it will brighten.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The most used technique when giving color to relief plaster is covering it with a light tone of the selected shade. Such coloring will become unifying for the whole composition. The paint is applied to the entire plane using a roller, after squeezing it out on the ribbed surface of the paint tray. If the relief has a depth of more than 5 mm, then a long-haired roller is used to tint it, or especially deep fragments are tinted with a soft brush.
	The first paint layer is applied in one go, otherwise the coloring will turn out to be uneven. Therefore, if the paint is tinted on its own, it must be kneaded so much that it is enough for the first layer for all the walls in the room or at least for one wall, but always for its entire area. This is especially important if the surfaces will be painted in one color without additional shades and streaks. Coloring is carried out in different ways, depending on the depth of the relief and the desired end result.
	One of the options for uneven staining is done with a sponge. Then, on a still wet painted surface, they pass with a soft cloth or a dry sponge, barely touching the protruding elements of the relief. This execution technique is aimed at enhancing the “depth of space” of the relief not only with the help of volume, but also with the use of color play.
	This method of finishing decoration consists of two stages - painting and cleaning the protruding elements of the relief with sandpaper. In the first step, the entire area of ​​​​the walls is painted with a common color - this process can be carried out using a roller or spray gun. The second stage is done after the paint is completely dry. Fine-grained sandpaper is installed on a construction grater, after which this tool is passed along the protruding parts of the relief. In this way, paint is removed or lightened from the surface, thereby showing a three-dimensional pattern. If desired, the cleaned surfaces can be covered with paint close in tone to the main color, darker or lighter than it, depending on what effect you want to get. A light shade is usually chosen, as it visually increases the volume of the relief.
	A relief panel can only be made by an experienced master, but you can try to paint it yourself. However, you need to take into account the fact that this process is quite complicated and lengthy, since it will have to be done with thin brushes, so the work will take a lot of time. It is recommended to cover the finished plaster relief panel with a primer, dry it, and only then proceed to painting. You should not take pure bright colors, as the relief will not be visible behind them. Therefore, they are diluted to the state of shades of the selected color, or a certain amount of them is added to white paint.
	In this variant of painting decorative plaster, two colors are used - one is the main one, and the second is an auxiliary one, which will highlight the relief pattern. The work is carried out in two stages. First, the entire surface is covered with one, primary color. This process can be carried out with a roller, a wide brush or a spray gun. Then this layer should be well dried. The second stage consists in applying paint with tangential movements to the protruding parts of the relief with a soft brush, foam sponge or mittens worn on the hand. The applied paint should be thick enough, and the brush or sponge should be dry.

Video: an interesting example of painting a wall finished with embossed plaster

The final stage of work on decorative plaster is coating the walls with varnish or wax. This process must be carried out carefully, as by applying the final layer carelessly, you can spoil the whole work.

In conclusion, I would like to say that if there is little or no experience in performing decorative plastering, then it is not recommended to choose too complex design techniques. In the same case, when a specific drawing is selected and a decision is made to reproduce it on the wall at all costs, you should carefully study the instructions and practice on a small section of the wall or plywood shield.

Video: demonstration of various techniques for applying and decorating decorative plasters

"Versailles plaster": technology available to everyone - step by step

In the final section, as an example, the design of the wall with the so-called "Versailles plaster" will be considered. In the proposed finishing technology, instead of the plaster composition, two types of putty are used - starting and finishing, which allows you to save a decent amount on finishing. In addition, the advantage of this method of original decorative wall decoration is that even a novice master can do it. The main thing is to acquire high-quality material and use it correctly.

In addition to the two types of putty, to obtain the desired result, you will need "Quartz-primer" to be applied to the wall under decorative cladding, which creates increased adhesion between materials, and also prevents the putty from drying too quickly. The presence of this material is a prerequisite for decorating a wall using this technology.

In order for the plaster layer to turn out to be aesthetic, it is necessary to purchase two more components, without which the desired effect will not work.

This is, firstly, a decorative coloring coating of the "Adagio Silver" type - on an acrylic binder, containing small metal particles of various shapes. Gives a very interesting iridescent effect, giving the wall a silky look.

Secondly, the so-called glitter is used, consisting of the smallest particles of a polyester film of various shapes. This component is also added to one of the decorative wall trim layers.

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The first step is to knead the model mass, consisting of starting and finishing putty in a 1: 1 ratio. Mixing takes place as follows: Part of the starting and part of the finishing putty is poured into the container with water in turn, then the sequence is repeated, and so on until the required amount of dry mix is ​​​​filled. If necessary, a little water is added to the bucket, and then the mass is mixed with a mixer nozzle. Further, the finished solution is left for 10 ÷ 12 minutes - this time is necessary for it to "ripen". After this time, the mass is mixed again until a homogeneous state. It should be very well mixed and have a consistency of medium density, that is, not very liquid, and not thick.
	The finished putty composition is applied to the prepared, leveled, treated with "Quartz-primer" and dried wall surface. If the mass is applied not from the ceiling, but below, along the broken line on the wall, then it is recommended to first stick masking tape on it, which will help keep the upper part of the wall clean and keep the upper border of the decorative finish smooth. Work starts from the top line. First of all, the putty mixture is distributed along the masking tape.
	The applied layer should have a thickness of 2÷3 mm. Particular attention should be paid to filling the joints of the planes, for example, if the putty will be applied from the ceiling line. The mixture is applied to the wall with a trowel, in a relatively even layer. This work can also be done with a spatula having a width of 300÷350 mm. It should be noted that in this finishing option, you don’t have to try too hard, leveling the solution to perfect smoothness, the main thing is that the material layer has the same thickness over the entire plane of the wall and is fairly even. The smoother the putty layer, the easier it will be to see the flaws in the relief pattern.
	An even facing layer is applied to a height of 1000÷1500 mm from the top down the wall. Then a relief pattern is formed on the wet putty. For this, a plastic trowel with a plate pointed in front is used - in shape it resembles an iron. Work starts from the corners or the top line of the wall. The master makes wave-like movements, stretching the mass, at the same time creating a chaotic pattern in the form of stripes going in different directions. With the help of a trowel, the mass, as it were, rises above the surface, creating a larger volume of decorative coating and leaving behind furrows of different widths, most often located diagonally on the surface. The convenience of creating a relief in this way is that the drawing applied to the solution can always be corrected if the master does not like it in some way.
	Having developed the first batch of putty, and having reached approximately the middle of the wall in height, the next portion of the mortar is made. During this time, the mass applied to the wall will already have time to grab. Therefore, many craftsmen have the problem of combining the plastered area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wall with the already set mortar and the fresh, just mixed mass that will be applied below. The joint between the two areas of the wall should be completely invisible.
	In order for the merging to go smoothly and become completely invisible, a fresh solution is applied with an overlap on the already applied layer by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm, and then the overall layer is smoothed out. This process must be carried out along the entire line of the union of the two zones - the upper and lower.
	The overlap line must be smoothed out well, and then a general relief pattern should be applied to it.
	The embossing starts from the area where the drawing has already been applied. It turns out that it is, as it were, “picked up” with a trowel and extended to a uniformly applied unifying putty layer along its entire length.
	Combining the two zones of the wall, it is important to ensure that there are no deep dents or pronouncedly even stripes from the trowel on it. Such defects must be smoothed out and these areas should be given a general relief, since in these areas they will be especially noticeable. When working on the connecting line, it is recommended to step aside and inspect the work area from a distance. So you can more clearly identify the shortcomings and immediately correct them.
	Then, the model mass is applied to the entire lower part of the wall in an even layer, and a relief is formed on it, in exactly the same way. When the wall is completely covered with this primary layer of embossed putty, it is left to dry completely for two days.
	When the wall dries, a spatula is passed along its surface, with which it is necessary to clean the protruding sharp edges of the relief stripes, since they must be rounded.
	Then, the entire surface is processed with a construction grater, with sandpaper No. 60 installed on it. Grouting is carried out with a slight pressure, in a circular motion counterclockwise.
	After processing, a relief surface with smoothed protruding edges of the pattern should be obtained. An additional check of the surface, that is, its smoothness, can be made by running the palm of your hand over it. If untreated areas are found that scratch the palm, then this flaw must be corrected immediately. The treated surface must be thoroughly cleaned of putty dust - this process is done with a soft wide brush or brush.
	The next step is to treat the surface with a deep penetration primer. The soil is applied with a roller with a pile nozzle. The composition must be well distributed over the wall, collecting all the resulting smudges. This layer dries in 1.5÷2 hours.
	Next, a white water-based paint is taken, a color scheme of the selected shade is added to it (in this case, the master used a beige dye), and the mass is well mixed until smooth. The paint should be applied easily and not be too thick, therefore, if necessary, the solution is diluted to the desired consistency with water. The relatively liquid composition of the paint, when applied to the wall, will become translucent, which, in combination with other layers of different shades, will create the illusion of space.
	The paint is first applied to the edge of the wall with a brush, and then the main part of the surface is tinted using a roller with a pile nozzle. It distributes the mass well over the relief surface, filling all the recesses of the pattern with paint, and when rolling out the composition, it collects its excess. As a result, the surface should be neat and evenly painted, without smudges. After the entire surface is covered with a tinting composition, it is left to dry completely. Water-based paint, applied in a thin layer, will dry for about two hours.
	Further, a composition made of a conventional primer and "silver" - the dye "Adagio Silver" is applied to the surface using a foam roller. The mixture is prepared in a 1:1 ratio, that is, in this case, the master took 250 × 250 grams of these materials. The resulting mixture should have a fairly thick consistency and not smudge at all. The mass is applied to the wall without pressure, so that only the upper protruding elements of the relief are covered with it. Recesses should not be painted with this composition.
	The mixture is gently rolled over the entire surface of the wall, highlighting the relief with color.
	Next, you will need to prepare a finishing composition that will transform the surface of the wall beyond recognition. It consists of a water-based varnish and a small amount of glitter. The varnish is diluted with water, in proportions of approximately 1: 3, and mixes well. The addition of water is necessary so that a hard uneven glossy crust does not form on the surface of the wall after it has been coated.
	A small amount of glitter is added to the varnish, about a tablespoon per 0.5 liter of composition. The solution is then thoroughly mixed by vigorous shaking. Before you start shaking, the lid of the container with the composition must be tightly closed.
	Further, the finished varnish composition is applied to the relief plaster using a foam roller and is well distributed by rolling over the wall surface. After completing this stage of work, the finish can be considered complete. It remains only to wait for the wall surface to dry, and then remove the masking tape limiting the wall.
	The last illustration shows the result of this rather lengthy work on the design of the wall. But then, you see, the technology is not so complicated, and the resulting finish looks very original.