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Septic tank for a high level of groundwater: how to choose and install on the site. Sewerage arrangement with high groundwater How to make a sewer if groundwater is close

The proximity of underground sources complicates the arrangement of the sewer system in a private house or country house and its maintenance. Problems can arise both during the installation process and during the further operation of the mains and the treatment plant. It is worth figuring out how to make an effective sewage system in a private house if groundwater runs close to the surface.

The danger of the proximity of groundwater

Difficulties arise already at the time of laying pipes and installing a septic tank. Dug trenches and pits instantly fill with water, so constant pumping is required.

With further use of the system, there is a risk of water seeping into the cleaning device. If the tank is not tight enough, such as concrete rings, it will fill up very quickly. This will require frequent calls to the cesspools. If the tank overflows, wastewater will begin to flood the bathtub and toilet.

Overfilling the wastewater treatment plant is dangerous:

• the appearance of an unpleasant odor;
• the spread of the infection;
• destruction of the walls of the device.

The soil in the area adjacent to the tank will eventually become swampy due to excess moisture, which will lead to corrosion of pipes if they are made of metal.

Underground sources are rarely perfectly clean. They contain acidic or alkaline substances, which lead to corrosion of the walls of the tanks and their further deformation. Pebbles with sharp edges in the water worsen the situation.

Determining the level of underground sources

Before installing the sewer, you should find out how close the water flows are to the surface:

• find out from the neighbors;
• analyze what flora grows on the site;
• drill a well.

The first method is the easiest. If someone in the neighborhood has already equipped the local sewerage system with his own hands, he will tell you the level of occurrence of underground sources.

Moisture-loving sedge, cattail, reed, marsh wild rosemary, and fluffy birch speak of the high location of groundwater flows. If they grow on the territory, only half a meter to the aquifer. The canary grass, meadowsweet meadowsweet, indicate a meter depth. Where spruces, heather, blackberries, mouse peas, white bent grass, meadow fescue grow, the GWL is about one and a half meters.

These two methods give a rough estimate of the location of subsoil sources. To clarify the situation, test wells are being drilled.

Stages of work:

1. In two or three places in the area where the installation of sewage is supposed to be installed, a well is created with a two-meter drill.
2. Cover the holes with polyethylene so that possible rain does not interfere with the study.
3. A wooden stick is marked every 10 cm.
4. The measuring tool is lowered into the wells a day after their creation and the moisture level is determined. If the "indicator" is wet by 20 cm, then the subsoil flows are located 180 cm from the surface.

Test drilling is best done in the spring or after a heavy rainstorm, when soil moisture saturation is maximum.

Features of sewerage installation

For a site with closely spaced water flows, it is better to use the option of a socketless sewer. The pipeline itself, as well as the treatment plant, must be airtight. It is recommended to use pipes made of polymeric materials that are not subject to corrosion.

Structures made of concrete rings in this case will not work. But if this is the only option, they should be well waterproofed, all seams should be filled with concrete mortar with hydrophobic additives.

It is better to use plastic tanks to create a country sewage system in areas with a high level of groundwater. They are inexpensive and resistant to moisture. Since such devices are light in weight, after a heavy rain or in spring they can float up and break the entire communication structure. To prevent this from happening, they are fixed to the concrete base with the help of anchors.

It is even better to purchase a factory septic tank with multi-stage wastewater treatment. Such an installation is not cheap, but it pays off with a minimum of time spent on its operation and increased reliability.

The following brands of ready-made cleaning devices are suitable for flooded areas:

• "Tank". It consists of several devices made of 1.7 cm thick plastic, which allows it to withstand heavy loads. Does not float to the surface when flooded.
• "Triton". Manufacturers offer several options for reliable septic tanks, but they require fixing on a concrete base.
• "Leopard". The robust three-chamber design with two levels of bio-treatment is suitable for areas with sources close to the surface.
• Ecopan. Recommended for installation in loams and soils prone to heaving. Holds loads well.
• "Tver". A comprehensive cleaning system suitable for wetlands. Well clarifies drains, but requires a source of electricity.

When choosing a ready-made septic tank for a site with high humidity, you need to check the tightness of the structure, its strength and ease of operation.

Selection of a treatment structure and installation steps

If you decide not to hire professionals and not to purchase a ready-made treatment plant, a local sewage system in a private house with a high groundwater level involves the creation of a sealed cesspool or a multi-chamber bioseptic tank.

Sealed cesspool

Sealed cesspool requires regular pumping

In areas where water flows are close to the surface, it is easiest to install a sealed plastic storage tank with a sewage hatch with your own hands. Installation does not have to spend a lot of time and money, but the design will require regular pumping.

It is desirable that the bottom of the structure is at a distance of a meter from the aquifer. If this is not possible, the cleaning device is built as follows:

1. Dig two holes, one for the size of the container, the other about 0.5 m deep.
2. A sealed container is installed in a large one and connected by a pipe segment to the second recess.
3. A sewer line is connected to the main tank.
4. An infiltration cassette is installed in the second hole, which will draw in and filter moisture. Or install a pump to pump water into the nearest ditch.

The disadvantage of the cassettes is that they freeze in winter. Therefore, before installing the device, they are insulated.

Multichamber bioseptic tank

Bioseptic device

This option is more expensive, but more efficient. For places where underground sources are not deep, a device with three cameras is suitable. It is also better to create them on the basis of sealed plastic containers. So that they do not float during operation, they should be anchored to concrete bases at the bottom.

After the tanks are installed, an infiltration tunnel is created, located near the soil surface.

1. Dig a trench 50 cm deep and 15 cm wide.
2. Create a sand-gravel cushion for drainage at its bottom. Thickness - 30 cm.
3. Infiltration cassettes are placed, connected to a cleaning device and covered with soil.

After instillation, it is advisable to pour a mound of earth over the tunnel to insulate the cassettes in winter.

For the equipment of the sewer system in country houses where it is not possible to connect to a centralized system, it is necessary to install local treatment facilities or a septic tank. The second option is the most profitable from a financial point of view, so many make a choice in its favor. However, during installation, you may encounter one serious problem - the high level of groundwater (GWL). As a result, a logical question arises - how to make a septic tank if groundwater is close?

Installation of a septic tank on the site

Why is it important to consider GWL?

1. If the water is near the surface of the earth, this means that when deepening the septic tank, special construction methods will be required to ensure the stability of the structure and prevent depressurization of the joints. In winter, another danger arises - freezing of the soil and, as a result, the occurrence of heaving, which can cause deformation of the drive. That is, the effluents will fall into the ground, and then into the water layer and pollute the environment, which is unacceptable.
2. During spring floods, reservoirs can flood the nearest territory and the septic tank can float. The result is expected to be the same as in the previous version, only sewage will also pollute the reservoir. It can also break plastic sewer pipes and have to be replaced. In the worst case, the septic tank will remain in the ground, and water will flood it from above, as a result of which sewage will go back into the house in the absence of a check valve installed.
3. Septic tanks with leaky structures should not be used. This is especially true for the use of cesspools or septic tanks in the form of concrete rings. Firstly, its construction will require financial costs comparable to a sealed septic tank manufactured in an industrial environment, and secondly, it is contrary to sanitary standards.
4. Depending on the GWL, it is necessary to apply special constructive measures to ensure maximum protection in order to prevent an environmental catastrophe.

How to accurately determine GWL?

Usually measurements are taken in the spring, when the water rises to the maximum possible height after the snow melts. They take an ordinary garden drill, make a vertical hole in the ground to the surface of the water, and then determine their depth. If the septic tank needs to be installed quickly, then you can use the data of geological exploration, which will reliably show how the water layer passes under the land. Another less informative way is to get the necessary information from the old-timers, but it is not always worth trusting.

preparation of pits for the installation of a septic tank

Is it worth it to make a septic tank yourself?

Despite the apparent simplicity of the design of a septic tank, design work on its calculation, selection of strength and performance characteristics is a task for professionals. However, their cost is several times more expensive than homemade ones. The difference in this case in them will be significant and will be as follows:

1. The finished design will provide maximum tightness by fitting all parts and using stiffeners that can prevent any loads within the passport specifications. It will be very difficult to evaluate a home-made system, so it is not known how it will behave in a particular situation.
2. An industrial septic tank is equipped with all the necessary filters, able to cope with specific loads and meet sanitary standards.
3. Finished septic tanks have not only a high level of protection from external mechanical, but also from internal chemical influences, while ensuring stable operation during the warranty period. A self-made design will not be able to guarantee the absence of leaks into the ground or a sufficient degree of purification when using filtration fields.

Therefore, before deciding whether to choose a septic tank of a finished design or bookmark your own, you need to weigh everything and make the only right decision.

installation of a concrete septic tank

In the absence of the necessary experience, it is worth contacting a specialist who can analyze the soil or existing data and select the most suitable design in terms of parameters.

What requirements must a septic tank meet?

• have complete sealing of the chambers;
• have protection against ascent;
• have a high hull strength.

What device should a septic tank have with a high GWL?

The design of the septic tank must be airtight and consist of one container, divided into compartments, or several eurocubes. The system can be either gravity flow or forced injection. The second option should be used only in cases where the installation is carried out on a flooded area and it became necessary to place storage tanks above the level of the house.

A non-return valve must be installed on the inlet pipe to prevent the backflow of wastewater. The pipe for the withdrawal of purified water should be made at such a level that groundwater does not get there. Usually, a special sealed compartment or a separate sealed container is provided for this.

Rules for choosing a septic tank with a high GWL

1. The volume of the septic tank must be clearly calculated so that at high loads it does not have to constantly remove sewage.
2. The type of construction is allowed either accumulative or with pumping of purified water and its effective discharge into the ground.
3. It is desirable to choose the material of the septic tank based on durable plastic and steel with a protective polymer coating. A concrete septic tank at a high level of groundwater is not recommended, since the soil can freeze through and there is a high probability of displacement of one ring relative to the second and sewage entering the soil is simply inevitable. An exception may be soils with a dense composition and a minimum level of heaving.
4. In order to increase the cleaning performance and minimize the amount of sewage removal, it is necessary to organize a multi-stage cleaning system: from mechanical impurities, chemical disinfection and filtration of purified water with discharge into the ground.

trenches for septic system

How to choose a place to install a septic tank?

The installation site must first of all meet sanitary standards:

1. The distance from the residential building must be at least 5 m.
2. From sources of drinking water, the distance should be from 50 m, and from open reservoirs - 30 m.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the location of the buildings so that they are at a convenient distance for servicing the septic tank. Also, do not forget that the sewer pipe should go at an angle. The greater the distance from the sewage discharge points, the greater the depth required based on the condition of a slope of 2-3 degrees per meter of length, while if there is a minimum GWL up to 1 m, this is simply unacceptable.

When creating sealed containers for the removal of wastewater, it will be necessary to organize a convenient vehicle access for pumping them out.

How to properly install a septic tank?

A septic tank for a high groundwater level must not only be installed on a stable base, but also be firmly fixed to prevent its displacement or deformation of the body in weak and moving soils. The base is a compacted sand and gravel cushion, which is poured into a specially prepared trench. The size of the trench is usually selected so that its walls have a gap of at least 30 cm from the walls of the storage tank. This is required to minimize the effect of heaving soil layers.

However, when the GWL is located at a level of up to 1 m, this will not be enough and it will be necessary to additionally pour a concrete monolith or lay a finished reinforced concrete slab, after which it must be waterproofed and insulated. It will serve not only as a base, but also perform the function of fixing in case of insufficient filling of containers, preventing them from surfacing. Failure to use insulating layers can lead to cracking of concrete and loss of strength. Sometimes drainage pipes are installed at the bottom to drain water from the trench.

covering the finished septic tank after fixing with concrete

The supply pipes will also require the laying of a sand and gravel layer in order to prevent damage to it in case of possible swelling. After that, it is necessary to install a septic tank and fix it on anchor straps to a concrete base, as well as perform its waterproofing. Pipes are connected, and then a sand-gravel composition with the addition of dry cement is poured on the sides of the tank. The dimensions of the crushed stone should be up to 5 mm.

At the final stage, pipes for sewer ventilation are installed and the septic tank is covered with earth. Simultaneously with backfilling, fill the container with water by about 1/3 of its volume. The height of the ventilation pipe must be more than 60 cm above ground level.

What to do if water enters when digging a trench?

It should be noted that if there is water in the trench, installation work is strictly prohibited. Therefore, it is worth choosing one of the options for solving this problem, which are given below:

1. Use a drain pump to pump out the accumulated water.
2. Perform work during the winter. However, as a basis, use not pouring concrete mortar, but ready-made reinforced concrete slabs.
3. Use the method of ground installation of a septic tank with forced injection of sewage.
4. To make a sealed monolithic frame in the form of a box according to the size of the trench.

How to implement a soil water purification system?

Since the water level can change dramatically depending on the season, seepage field systems are not always possible to implement. Therefore, special filter cassettes are used, which are placed directly on the surface of the earth or on hills. To do this, remove a layer of soil to a depth of 30 cm and 25 cm larger on each side. A sand cushion 30 cm high is poured at the bottom with tamping and leveling.

After that, concrete blocks are placed around the perimeter, which are fixed in such a way that they are airtight. Crushed stone with small fractions is poured into the resulting box, on which the cassette will be directly installed. Then pipes for water supply are brought in, connected to the cassette and the box is closed with a concrete slab with a ventilation hole. A ventilation pipe should usually be installed in the hole so that the smell goes up under the action of the draft, and does not accumulate in the yard. The finished structure is covered with earth and decorated using various landscape design techniques.

If the soil in winter freezes to a depth greater than the height of the earthen layer of the embankment, then the cassette in the upper part should be insulated with foam boards or expanded clay, while it must be completely waterproofed.

Each house or cottage in the absence of a central sewerage system is equipped with a septic tank. We invite you to find out how to make a septic tank do-it-yourself for a private house with a high water level. Now you can create a high-quality system for domestic water treatment at the stage or already built.

How to make a septic tank if groundwater is high

With a close location of groundwater, the arrangement of a septic tank is quite complicated. If the water level goes up to one meter, then this is a problem that needs to be solved. The septic tank must be built with maximum accuracy, without departing from the rules of construction.

Before starting work, you need to determine the level of water passage. For this purpose, the spring period after the last snow has melted is suitable; it is also possible to carry out all work in late autumn during the rainy period. The estimated distance between the top layer of the earth and the beginning of the water surface (if there is a well) is measured.

If there is no well, then holes are drilled in several places on the site to measure the depth, and the moisture content of the soil with groundwater is determined from them. You can also find out from your neighbors what the water level is in their areas and what type of septic tanks they use.

Sewer project with septic tank

A high water level is a problem for organizing a septic tank, but if you follow all the features of the arrangement, you can easily avoid further difficulties in operation. In some regions, water can even lie at a depth of 20 or 30 centimeters.

Features of installing a septic tank in a private house

Installing a septic tank in a swampy area is quite complicated. The septic tank must be installed on a concrete pad and secured with special retaining cables or ropes, otherwise it may float to the surface. When a septic tank emerges, its integrity is violated, and the entire sewer system fails.

marshland

When using concrete ruts, the tightness of this design cannot be brought to the ideal and water will seep into the inside of the septic tank. This will lead to frequent pumping of the septic tank.

Septic tank made of concrete rings

With poor waterproofing, the septic tank can be completely flooded, which will lead it to complete disrepair. When sewer water passes into the soil, groundwater is polluted, and if there is a well, the water in it will become undrinkable. All nearby water bodies with such pollution can bloom. To avoid this, the septic tank is made completely sealed. A brick septic tank built from rings or other similar materials does not guarantee complete protection.

Types of septic tanks for areas where groundwater is high

The best option is to install an industrial septic tank. The size and volume of such septic tanks can be completely different. The calculation of the volume is carried out according to the amount of water consumed for three days. For large cottages, multi-chamber septic tanks are provided, and for cottages and small houses, standard designs are suitable. A three-chamber septic tank is made of plastic and has separate chambers. The primary chamber is intended for settling and distributing water. The other two are for final wastewater treatment.

Septic installation diagram

In such a septic tank, instead of a filter, an infiltrator is used, which quickly distributes water into the soil to almost 100 percent. The infiltrator takes up quite a lot of space, so such a septic tank is quite expensive. Because of this, this design is not always used, although its safety and ease of maintenance pays for all costs.

If desired, you can independently build a similar structure from special plastic eurocubes and mount a filtration well. These tanks are connected by pipes through which sewage flows from the sewer. Under each plastic container, a reinforced concrete pad should be equipped. The cube is placed on a pillow, and then securely fastened.

Watch the video: How to make a sewer if groundwater is close?

Another option is a monolithic reinforced concrete well. There are no seams in such a septic tank and water penetration becomes impossible.

For such a septic tank, a deep pit is first pulled out. Then a wooden or foam formwork is mounted. A reinforcing belt is exposed and a concrete solution is poured. A hydrophobic waterproofing additive is added to the solution.

Pit for a septic tank

Between the chambers there are partitions for overflowing drains. The finished chambers are treated with a waterproofing coating. Such a septic tank is built quite easily, it is suitable if the groundwater is high and does not require special skills.

For a small cottage, you can use a storage tank if groundwater is high. Such a septic tank is made of fiberglass using machine winding. Such a container accumulates effluents and requires cleaning with a sewer machine. For unstable sewer use, three cubes accumulate water throughout the season. Cleaning should always be done on time and with the help of special equipment or the services of a vacuum truck.

The choice of a septic tank directly depends on the type of housing and in order for it to work without various interruptions and leaks, it must be installed correctly. We hope that the tips and videos from this article will help you make a quality septic tank, even if the groundwater level is very high.

Self-arrangement of communications is an economical right decision. Sewerage at a high level of groundwater has the nuances of construction and operation. The peculiarity of the cesspool for such a house as a private one is its tightness.
The construction of sewers for high groundwater is quite expensive, but this way you are guaranteed to see a quality result. How to make a sewer so that it meets all the requirements of sanitary safety and serves for many years? Consider the proximity of moisture to the soil.

Risks of proximity to groundwater

Groundwater is an underground aquifer that is close to the surface of the earth. The groundwater level is able to rise up if heavy rains or snow melts the day before. In dry weather, the amount of subsoil moisture decreases.
The elevated soil water level complicates the arrangement of treatment systems, wells and the foundation of buildings:

• the structure of the street toilet is destroyed.
• an unpleasant odor appears;
• increased risk of intestinal infections;
• the service life of underground pipes is reduced - metal corrosion occurs.
• water erodes the walls of the cesspool, which prevents its purification.

There are several ways to understand how close groundwater is:

1. Liquid level measurement. In the spring, you need to measure the water level in the well. A visual assessment is carried out by checking the filling of the tank after heavy rains, or snowmelt.
2. In the absence of a well, you can drill several holes with a garden drill and see if they fill with water.

If both technologies are not available to you, contact your neighbors who use local treatment facilities.

Construction of a cesspool

The construction of a sewerage system in a private house with a high level of groundwater in the form of a cesspool is undesirable. Possible flooding threatens with the complexity of cleaning, rapid filling, erosion of the edges of the trench and destruction.

Storage capacity: installation features

The design is an ordinary pit, barrel or well made of concrete rings. The advantage of structures is their low cost during construction. There are quite a few cons:

• the container should never overflow, so choose products with a large capacity;
• with a high GWL, the tank must be regularly treated with sealants;
• place the structure in a place convenient for the entrance of the sewage service;
• the frequent call of a sewage truck means financial costs for the owners.

The storage tank is budgetary in construction, but its operation can take a lot of time and money.

Installation of a mechanical septic tank

Country sewerage with a high level of groundwater should be leak-tight. A mechanical septic tank is popular due to its price-quality ratio. The large outlays at the initial stage are paid off by the simplicity and reliability of the system operation.

The degree of purification of waste liquids is regulated by adding wells.

With a low level of soil water, 1 will be enough, with a high level - 2 or 3 wells. The choice of materials for the construction of a septic tank must be approached responsibly, since with high groundwater it is necessary to prevent flooding of communications. Wells can be plastic or concrete, but the criteria for their organization are the same:

• when installing a septic tank from ready-made concrete rings, all joints must be carefully processed. This will prevent the destruction of the structure;
• the ideal option is to cast the well on site. To do this, you need an iron mold that can be rented;
• plastic septic tanks, when properly installed, will be durable and effective.

The dimensions of an autonomous sewer for a private house must be calculated correctly. Its capacity is equal to the amount of water consumed by a family of 4 people in 3 days.

The advantages of a septic tank with a close location of groundwater

Installing a sewerage system in the form of a septic tank in a private house with a high level of groundwater has many advantages:

• absence of an unpleasant smell thanks to tightness of a design and ventilation.
• there is no need to call the cesspool service. Waste decomposes and is discharged into the deep layers of the soil.
• there is no risk of contamination of the soil with waste. Waste liquids undergo thorough multi-level filtration. However, it is not recommended to install a sewer in the vicinity of drinking wells.

With proper operation, the structure will maintain durability and integrity.

The principle of operation of autonomous sewage

Autonomous country sewerage, properly constructed at a high level of groundwater, can improve the quality of life of site owners. The multilevel system works according to the following principle:

• the used liquid flows into the septic tank, where insoluble inclusions are retained.
• solid particles settle at the bottom of the container, while fats and insoluble substances form a film on the surface.
• wastewater enters the septic tank, where it is treated with anaerobic bacteria.
• the organic environment that comes with the wastewater promotes the growth of bacteria that reduce the concentration of harmful substances.
• ventilation removes the gases formed during the decomposition process.

The settled and clarified liquid enters the infiltration tunnels, where it is cleaned and discharged into the ground.

Septic installation algorithm

Making a sewer in a private household is not difficult if you follow the correct procedure.

Regulatory regulation of the sewerage device

Home cleaning system requires careful observance of sanitary rules. The removal of sewage from the house, as indicated in the requirements of SNiP 2.04.03-85, provides for:

• placement of treatment facilities 50 meters from drinking wells or wells.
• sewer communications are located 3 meters from the plantations.
• the septic system is installed at a distance of 5 meters from residential buildings.
• sewage equipment must have unhindered access to the treatment plant.

Planning of cleaning networks is carried out in a strict order - 1 revision well for 15 m of straight or turning sections. Work must be carried out in a strict order.

Digging a pit

Conducting home sewerage for a summer residence, if groundwater is close, it starts with digging a hole:

• the septic structure is fully included in the pit. In this case, the tank should not touch the walls at a distance of 25 cm;
• observe the maximum evenness of the bottom, compacting it with wet river sand. Fine-grained material is laid in a layer of about 15 cm and carefully compacted. The sand should not contain foreign particles in the form of lumps of earth or gravel.
• to ensure the tightness of communications, the sand is replaced with a concrete slab.

The walls of the pit must be reinforced with timber formwork or metal sheets.

Installing a septic tank in a pit

The finished septic tank is checked for cracks and damage before installation.

The container is lowered to the pit with the help of cables. It should stand perfectly even in the pit, even the slightest roll is unacceptable. In cold winters, it is recommended to wrap the tank with a layer of heat-insulating material.

Trench backfill

After installation, the tank is covered with soil or cement-sand mixture and carefully compacted. The ground level reaches the edge of the supply pipe.

Arrangement of the infiltrator

Filtration facilities must be connected to the tank to purify water before it enters the ground from the tank. There are several options:

• Filtration fields with a bed of gravel and sand, where perforated drainage pipes are located along an inclined line. The length of the pipes reaches 20 meters, and the distance of the extreme points is 2 meters. Filtration is located 1 meter higher than the proposed elevated aquifer.
• Water supply to the ditch is suitable for clay soils. The filtered water is removed by pumps.
• A water intake for a house, like a filter, is built when water is planned to be used for agricultural needs, or it is not possible to build another structure. Pipes are connected to the tank from the septic tank. A sand cushion is necessarily built around. To protect against overflow, an outlet pipe is constructed, which, with a large amount of water, leads it into an underground filtration field, a ditch or back into the septic tank.
• A good solution for a private house, under which there is a high level of groundwater, is a ground filter cassette. It is built as follows:
  • dig a hole 50 cm deep, which is filled to the top with sand.
  • foam blocks about 30 cm high are laid around the perimeter.
  • crushed stone is poured inside.
  • a filter cassette made of plastic and insulation is placed on top.

Your sewer septic tank will begin to function normally only after 2-3 weeks have elapsed. During this period, a sediment of sludge is formed at the bottom of the tank, which is actively involved in the process of waste processing.
The quality of the sewerage made in the country with their own hands directly depends on the quality of the containers and pipes used, as well as the correct installation.

Proper construction at a high level of groundwater of the country sewerage system will ensure the filtration of sewage liquids by 99%.

However, the resulting water is not edible and is purely technical.

The use of a septic tank in a suburban area is one of the best solutions for the disposal of sewage waste. However, to create an optimal system, it is necessary to take into account many parameters and features of the site. It should be remembered that when choosing a septic tank with a high level of groundwater on the site, not every option is suitable. The level of purification, the method of discharging recycled water, the ability of the soil to pass moisture far is not a complete list of parameters that are of great importance. And yet, the main indicator that determines the efficiency of the wastewater treatment system should be considered not the productivity per day, not the percentage of cleaning. The main criterion, perhaps, will be how clean the environment will remain. After all, it is on this that not only comfortable living depends, but also the health of the owners, their guests and immediate neighbors.

It is recommended to measure the groundwater level during periods when it is at its highest. In spring - during the period of the most active floods associated with snowmelt. In autumn, groundwater can reach maximum levels after prolonged rains. The groundwater level is the distance from the surface of the water table to the surface of the soil. If there is a well on the site, you can measure immediately without additional preparations. If there is no well, you should use a garden drill to make a hole in the soil and wait until it fills with water. At the same time, it is advisable to make several holes and in different places - this will allow you to get the most objective measurement results.

Typical problems associated with high soil moisture and the proximity of groundwater:

The question of how to make a septic tank if groundwater is close is very common. This issue is connected, first of all, with the risks of groundwater pollution. Most septic tanks involve the discharge of processed masses into the ground. Even with a serious level of purification of 98-99%, the technical water obtained at the outlet of the septic tank is not suitable for drinking and poses a health risk if it enters the water supply. Waste water is used only for technical purposes - for household work, for watering trees, etc.

In the event that on-site disposal is not provided, a conventional storage septic tank at high GW should still be installed with certain security measures. The risk of waste from a septic tank entering the ground or a nearby body of water may be due to various circumstances: seasonal floods, leakage of the storage tank, overflow of the container, malfunction of the septic tank control elements (if any) and the sewer tract entering the septic tank.

Features of the placement of septic tanks

Septic tanks are most often buried in the ground. This is for both practical and aesthetic purposes. However, with all the obvious advantages, placing a septic tank underground also has some disadvantages. Before starting work, you should learn how to bury a septic tank if groundwater is close - even if it is a regular storage tank, there are risks. To eliminate them, all work must be done correctly. Violation of the tightness of the septic tank, if it is located underground, is difficult to identify.

If placed incorrectly, for example, in a place that is low relative to the relief of the site, the septic tank is prone to flooding due to the accumulation of sedimentary or flood waters around the cover.

Also, flooding can be caused by rising groundwater levels.

Due to flooding, the septic tank fills up, and water mixed with sewage can flood the site. When flooding, if the septic tank is made of plastic, there is a risk of the septic tank floating up - to prevent this, a concrete slab is placed at the bottom of the pit into which the septic tank is placed, and the septic tank is attached to it.

Even when using a conventional reservoir, it is important to take into account the nearby groundwater - a septic tank that does not involve waste processing is installed in compliance with the norms and standards prescribed by law. There is always the possibility of an emergency. A septic tank in the form of a conventional container involves the removal of waste when filling the tank with a sewage machine. When installing, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of free access of the car to the septic tank. It should also be noted that the sewage pumping procedure is not the cleanest process, so the location of the septic tank on your site should be chosen carefully.

The importance of UHV depending on the type of septic tank

Septic tanks that process waste, in most cases, involve the removal of processed masses into the soil. They can be of two types - a septic tank with overflow and a single-container septic tank.

An overflow septic tank, as a rule, consists of several wells isolated from the ground and interconnected. Sometimes a concrete monolithic septic tank is made with internal partitions dividing the entire container into separate compartments. The number of wells or compartments can be different, usually there are two or three. The last tank in the overflow septic tank is a filtering well for the septic tank - the treated drains seep into the soil through the bottom, covered with sand and gravel. Removal into the soil implies two functions at once - post-treatment and
recycling. The level of cleaning in such septic tanks is often not too high. High GWL, in this case, makes the drainage of wastewater into the ground unacceptable. However, when using a concrete septic tank with a high groundwater level, under certain conditions, the solution is to use an aeration field instead of a drainage well.

The use of a waste bioprocessing station that provides a level of purification of 98-99%, for example, a septic tank topas from a vega, does not allow direct entry of water formed after processing into a well, although the criticality of getting into a nearby reservoir is reduced, especially if the water is flowing there. This water is suitable for irrigation.

Soil characteristics taken into account in the calculations

When calculating the parameters of the purchased septic tank, one should take into account the characteristics of the soil into which the septic tank will discharge processed wastewater. The omission of any factor can subsequently lead to the inoperability of the entire
systems.

The main soil parameters that should be taken into account when choosing a disposal system are:

1. Soil type.
2. The ability of the soil to pass water.
3. Depth of soil freezing.

Some types of septic tanks are initially aimed at use in sandy soil. As a rule, such installations are characterized by a low level of purification and imply the relative remoteness of groundwater at the place of use. Sand provides high throughput. Also in sandy soil, the probability of poorly processed waste does not cause siltation so quickly. It is impossible to use such a septic tank for clay soil, since clay has a low throughput. Runoff can come to the surface of the relief and flood the site. If the only possible option is to drain water from the septic tank with clay soil, then the use of additional measures is inevitable.

In addition to global improvements to the entire system, you can take advantage of an inexpensive and effective solution by installing a septic tank filter at the outlet of the system, thereby reducing the risk of soil silting. It is advisable to use such a filter both for soil with low throughput, and for septic tanks that divert wastewater using aeration fields. The filter retains particles remaining in the water, and thereby significantly reduces the intensity of soil silting. In the case of using filter fields, the filter helps to avoid rapid clogging of the drainage pipes.

If the site is characterized by high volumes of drains, and the septic tank is used all year round, the use of the same filtration fields is limited at low temperatures. Freezing leads to serious environmental pollution. High soil moisture also imposes certain restrictions on the drainage of wastewater.

What to do if the extraction efficiency becomes low?

The probability of siltation of the soil into which the treated waste is discharged is inevitable. The task of the owner is only to build a system of high quality in order to postpone this moment as much as possible. In the event that water does not leave the septic tank, what should be done to effectively solve the problem? It is necessary to carefully analyze the operation of the entire system. The nature of the problem may be due to both the period of use of the septic tank or an emergency, and the initially incorrect installation of the entire system. If the terms of use of the septic tank are short, it is very likely that the malfunction is caused by errors made during installation.

If the septic tank has been used for more than a year, silting of the drainage is very likely.

If the filter well is clogged, then the well needs to be freed and the bottom cleaned with sand and gravel pouring. If the pit is full, then it is necessary to call a sewage truck to pump out sewage. On your own, you can pump out using a special pump. In the case of filter fields, the situation is somewhat more complicated. It may be necessary to clean the drainage pipes - if the stagnation is provoked by their contamination. Sedimentation of the soil may require digging or replacing its top layer.

The groundwater level is one of the most important aspects when equipping a site with a septic tank. A high GWL forces either not to dump waste into the soil, or to ensure a very high level of cleanliness of the discharged waters. In addition to GWL, there are many more parameters that can affect the quality of the system. Only after calculations can we confidently say which one is for clay soil, which one is for sandy soil, also taking into account the carrying capacity of the soil, the proximity of water bodies and the depth of freezing.

However, choosing the best septic tank for your site does not always mean buying the most expensive model. In cases where the volume of drains is small, there are few users, or the use of the sewage system is seasonal, it is quite realistic to buy a septic tank cheaply with the simplest configuration. And it will be the best solution for a particular site.

If there is no self-confidence, it is necessary to contact the specialists of the manufacturing company. For example, Unilos masters install turnkey Astra 5 septic tanks, and if the installation is carried out by the manufacturer, he takes into account all the technical features of the system and the probability of error is minimal.