Curse of Admiral Nelson: how a toothpick can help with "seasickness" Andrey Ivanov - Naval battle of two empires. Nelson vs. Bonaparte
Commander of the British Navy Horatio Nelson is one of the most famous and illustrious British military. During his career, he went through several campaigns and bloody battles, defending the honor and interests of the kingdom.
Childhood and youth
The future Admiral Horatio Nelson was born in 1758 in the family of a priest. His father had 11 children, but this did not stop him from raising them all in an atmosphere of love and attention. Edmund Nelson tried to accustom Horatio to physical labor and exercise. His son was notable for morbid health, but at the same time he had an energetic character.
12-year-old Horatio decided to follow in his uncle's footsteps and become a sailor. In 1771 he was in the ocean for the first time. His ship "Triumph" went to the West Indies (Caribbean Islands), where the cabin boy received his first professional experience.
American Revolutionary War
In 1777, the young Horatio Nelson finally connected his life with the fleet, having successfully passed the exams for the rank of lieutenant. He was still drawn to the western seas, where Great Britain had many colonies. However, it was at this time that the kingdom faced a serious problem. The American colonies declared war on the mother country, wanting to gain independence. In 1776 they formed the United States of America.
The colonists were supported by Spain, which had large possessions on the continent. In response to this, Great Britain sent a fleet to the shores Gulf of Mexico. Horatio Nelson was on one of those ships. He took part in the landing at the mouth of the San Juan River. The operation was unsuccessful. The British failed to gain a foothold in the territory modern country Nicaragua. In addition, Nelson was sent to Jamaica during the campaign. This may have saved his life, as most of the British who remained on the mainland perished.
In peacetime
The American War of Independence soon ended. However, Horatio Nelson's ship remained in the West Indies. Great Britain still had colonies in this region. For several years, the officer was involved in regulating trade with the Americans. At this time, a new market was being created, the rules of which were dictated by the United States.
In the late 80s, Nelson returned to his homeland. But he did not have a quiet life. A revolution broke out in France, overthrowing the monarchy. The king was executed, and supporters of the republic were in power. Most European monarchies were horrified by these events. For the next few years, they alternately created anti-French coalitions.
Injuries and the rank of Rear Admiral
Horatio Nelson also went through all these military campaigns. The officer's biography is a battle path full of suffering. In 1794, in Corsica, he injured his eye. A few years later, Nelson lost right hand. It happened in the battle in the Canary Islands, where the British fought with the Spaniards, who supported the French.
At Cape St. Vincent in Portugal, Nelson, on his own initiative, withdrew his own ship from the general squadron and undertook a risky maneuver that helped the British win a landslide victory. A brave officer led the capture of two Spanish ships that were boarded. After this battle in 1797, Nelson became a rear admiral. He was not yet 40 years old.
Fleet Hero
In 1798, Nelson received an entire squadron under his command. It was not in vain that the authorities entrusted the fleet to him - this officer was distinguished by courage, a sharp mind and the ability to make a strong-willed decision in the most difficult moment. Nevertheless, he was not without some sailor superstitions. On the mast of the flagship of Horatio Nelson hung a horseshoe - a symbol of good luck. Sailors from any country have always been distinguished by their love for signs. What is worth just launching the ship into the water!
Meanwhile, in France, the successful and brave commander Napoleon Bonaparte was gaining more and more popularity. He did not want to depend on the Republican government. In 1798, the general organized the Egyptian campaign. His goal was to cut Britain's connection with the colonies in India. Formally, Egypt was part of Ottoman Empire, but the main confrontation in the region flared up precisely between the French and English troops.
When the British squadron entered the Mediterranean Sea and headed towards an exotic country, a horseshoe still flaunted on the mast of the flagship of Horatio Nelson. He hoped that he would not let his country down at such a crucial moment for the whole people.
Battle of Aboukir
The decisive battle in the Egyptian campaign was the Battle of Abukir, which lasted from August 1 to 3, 1798. For the previous three months, the British fleet had been hastily chasing the French ships, on board which was the expeditionary force under the command of Bonaparte. Napoleon managed to land in Egypt, after which he went inland. The fleet also anchored on the shores of the Gulf of Aboukir not far from the famous Alexandria. Commander François De Bruye had 13 and 4 frigates at his disposal. It was a formidable force. Admiral Horatio Nelson sailed to Egypt with a small quantitative gap - 14 and a sloop.
The main reason for the failure of the French was that they allowed the British to maneuver and surround the flotilla from two sides - from the sea and land. Besides, De Bruye was too complacent. He believed that the British would not dare to attack his large fleet and did not even prepare guns with which he could repulse the first attack. In the heat of the ensuing battle, the commander died. Horatio Nelson's mast and his entire ship were also constantly under fire. But this time the admiral was lucky. He not only survived, but also won the battle. The French fleet was destroyed. Napoleon found himself cut off in a foreign land, which predetermined the failure of his adventurous campaign.
Before the last battle
The Egyptian campaign again rallied the European monarchies. They formed a new coalition against the republic. Meanwhile, returning to his homeland, Napoleon found himself at the center of a coup d'état. At first he became the first consul, and in 1804 - the emperor.
All early XIX centuries have passed under the sign Napoleonic Wars. France was still supported by Spain. Bonaparte planned to arrange an amphibious landing in Great Britain. But he was hampered by the fleet, which reliably guarded the English Channel. Therefore, the admiral instructed Admiral Villeneuve to carry out a deceptive maneuver, heading to where the English colonies were.
However, the plan didn't work. The British, not wanting to leave their native island unprotected, remained in the strait. Napoleon abandoned his original plan and decided to attack the Kingdom of Naples in Italy. Meanwhile, the French fleet returned to Spain, where it was blockaded by Nelson in Cadiz.
Doom
Napoleon ordered Villeneuve to break out of encirclement and go to the Mediterranean to help him in Italy. The admiral tried to follow the order, but failed. His fleet was destroyed by the British, led by Horatio Nelson. The biography of this brave officer is full of episodes with his wounds. But this time, on the very first day of the decisive Battle of Trafalgar, he was shot dead by a sniper from a distance of 15 meters.
It happened on October 21, 1805. The death of the admiral only angered the British. Enraged, they destroyed 22 ships without losing a single one. About the departed national hero every contemporary grieved. Horatio Nelson personified all the ideals of an impeccable officer.
In honor of his last victory, one of the central London squares was renamed Trafalgar Square. The center of its architectural ensemble is installed there in 1843 in memory of the talented admiral.
Horatio Nelson, who won many naval battles and rose to the rank of Commander-in-Chief of the English Navy, suffered from seasickness all his life.
Horatio Nelson was born in 1758 in Burnham Thorpe. His father was a priest and was proud to be related to many aristocratic families in England, although the relationship was too distant. When Edmund Nelson was widowed at 46, his wife's older brothers took care of his eight children. Horatio went to his uncle, Maurice Suckling, a captain in the Royal Navy, who had already won military glory in the war with the French in the Caribbean.
On a little frail, different poor health No one had high hopes for Horatio. However, at the age of 12, Nelson already held the position of midshipman on his uncle's ship, and at 21 he became the captain of a frigate. On his ship, Nelson forbade the cruel treatment of sailors, which was accepted at that time in the English fleet. Thus, he was known as a noble, generous and generous person. His authority among the sailors was unshakable.
On March 11, 1787, Horatio Nelson married Fanny Nisbet. The marriage was unsuccessful. Fanny was a limited and impractical woman, and Nelson, above all, appreciated the beauty of the inner. Plus, the Navigation Acts litigation had worn him down. It was about smuggling, on which many officials warmed their hands. Nelson acted like a patriot, thereby incurring the revenge of interested parties. He was removed from the sea, his merits and talents were forgotten. He desperately needed love and understanding, but he did not find it in his own family. Then Lady Hamilton, the wife of the British ambassador in Naples, appeared in his life. This long-term novel served as the basis for many works during Nelson's lifetime.
Nelson returned to the fleet when Napoleon launched a war with England. This happened in 1793. He led the crew of the ship "Agamemnon". Over the next three years, he established himself as a brave, cool-headed and judicious captain. In one of the battles, he lost an eye, and soon lost his arm.
His heroism was rewarded: he received the title of nobility and the rank of vice admiral. However, the war continued. On October 21, 1805, at the Battle of Cape Trafalgar, Nelson was mortally wounded by a musket round.
The merits of Horatio Nelson can hardly be overestimated. He thwarted Napoleon's Egyptian expedition. After the victory at Cape Trafalgar, Napoleon forever abandoned the idea of conquering the British on their soil.
However, despite the obvious military merits of this man, the minds of contemporaries are much more excited by the love story with Lady Hamilton. During the life of Nelson, mostly satirical works were written on the theme of their novel, but now, this novel serves as an inspiration for many authors, as a standard romantic love. It is probably not for us to judge what was more in their relationship: friendship, love or passion. However, they say that Lady Hamilton, until her death, wore a medallion on her chest, with a fragment of the cannonball that knocked out Nelson's eye in one of the naval battles. In addition, Nelson became an example of patriotism and ideal gentlemanly behavior for many generations of Englishmen.
With all this, Napoleon had enough information, and now there is a serious reason for personnel decisions. He probably left Villeneuve as commander-in-chief of the Mediterranean fleet because he did not assign him a decisive role. Of all the admirals, Napoleon respected Gantome the most, the brilliant professional Missiessi was in second place, and only Villeneuve was in third. In the plan now conceived by the emperor, the squadrons of the three admirals were to meet in the West Indies, and the Ganges would take overall command.
And while Villeneuve was stuck in Toulon, Missiessi languished in anticipation and did not understand what was happening. He repaired the ships and began to carry out other orders of the emperor - to seize British settlements in the West Indies and destroy those that could not be taken. He captured over thirty English merchant ships.
On 1 February a brig was sent to report Villeneuve's failure. Four weeks later another brig was dispatched: Admiral Missiessi was ordered to remain where he was. The last message did not reach Missiessi, and without waiting for Villeneuve, he left the West Indies. On May 20, the admiral returned home. Although he did everything right, Napoleon was very unhappy: his plans were not carried out.
Villeneuve was passive, but remained at his post, and Missiesi carried out all the orders of Napoleon and Decre, but fell out of favor. A letter of complaint arrived from the governor of Guadeloupe, stating that the Missiesi had left the island without defense against the British. The 49-year-old admiral was disappointed with Napoleon's attitude towards him and fell seriously ill.
On March 18, the commander-in-chief of the National Flotilla, Admiral Bruy, died. He was not the first and not the last high-ranking official of Napoleon, whose health was destroyed by colossal mental and physical stress.
In the waters of Brest, the duel of two prominent naval commanders, William Cornwallis and Honore Gantome, continued. For two years the Englishman kept the French fleet locked up. Napoleon had high hopes for Gantome - he was supposed to ensure a landing in Ireland, which involved a subsequent uprising of the local population against the British, then an attack on the British in the West Indies and, finally, covering a large landing in England.
The emperor ordered Gantom to go to the open sea on March 26 and complete the first part of the program (landing in Ireland). Seeing no other way to break the blockade, except to engage in battle with the British, Gant turned to the emperor for permission. The admiral had twenty-one ships, the British - fifteen ships. However, Napoleon did not allow immediate engagement, and Gantome's fleet remained in port.
Meanwhile, the pride and wounded ambition of Villeneuve nevertheless forced him to venture on a new breakthrough. March 30, under cover of night, he went to the Mediterranean Sea, happily avoiding a meeting with Nelson.
So, a significant part of the imperial fleet could operate in the expanses of the oceans. Napoleon was overjoyed and waited for news. He hoped that Gantom would follow the example of Mississey and Villeneuve. Villeneuve, Gantome and Missiesi are to meet in Martinique and take on board the soldiers who were in the Western Indies (the emperor did not yet know about the return of the Missiesi). The British will certainly rush in pursuit of the French squadrons and thereby weaken their defenses in the strait. The French squadrons would return to European waters, be reinforced by other ships, inflict a decisive defeat on the British, and secure a landing on the British Isles.
Since his last appointment, Nelson has spent in the pool mediterranean sea for two whole years. He was almost all the time on the deck of the flagship "Victory" (Victory). The bases of his fleet were Malta and Gibraltar. Nelson's tactic was to avoid getting too close to an enemy port and to give the enemy the illusion that they could navigate unhindered. If the French succumb to provocation and go to the open sea, they will be destroyed.
"We have offered the enemy every opportunity to go to sea - and how we use our chances are tied to the hopes and expectations of our country," Nelson wrote.
He kept one frigate at the most important observation points, while the entire fleet was at some distance from these points. The ships were scattered from the Balearic Islands to Sardinia and Corsica, each of them patrolling a certain sector of the sea. One of the fast frigates was located close to the flagship and had to quickly collect the entire fleet if necessary. Nelson deliberately went into the waters of Barcelona, luring Villeneuve out, and then headed east, towards Rhodes, continuing to guard the Egyptian direction.
Villeneuve met a merchant ship and learned from its capital about Nelson's movements. Then he went to Balearic Islands so that, if necessary, take refuge in their bays. Having avoided danger, he directed his ships to the south, and then to the west.
He pulled away from Nelson, safely passing the Straits of Gibraltar. This caused joy to Napoleon and shock to the British. Shares on the London Stock Exchange fell significantly in price.
The story of 1798 was repeated: Nelson again missed the French and was accused of it. "The French can break out whenever they want," said one society lady.
Nelson sailed into eastbound, and now had to slowly return, moving against the wind. He began a promising chase. Like seven years ago, he had no idea about the plans of the French fleet. And again, as then, he reached Sicily. Then he rushed to Gibraltar.
When Nelson reached Gibraltar, Villeneuve managed to hide behind the western horizon. Prior to this, he passed through Cartagena, where he sent a signal to the only French ship there and fifteen Spanish warships. Following him went seven ships - six Spanish and one French. The Spanish ships were led by Admiral Gravina. The fleets of the two countries will join in Martinique.
Villeneuve did not want to accept the Spaniards in his squadron, because he knew that a disease similar to influenza was rampant in Cartagena. He did not want the Spaniards to infect his people - sailors and soldiers.
Nelson gave the order to continue the pursuit in a westerly direction. He felt unwell, as he admitted in a letter to an old friend, and suffered from seasickness.
This friend was Admiral George Campbell, who served in the Portuguese Navy. Campbell assessed the situation with the pursuit of Villeneuve and convinced Nelson that the French should have sailed precisely to the west (Nelson doubted this all the past days).
Nelson was commander-in-chief of the Mediterranean fleet of England, and formally he had nothing to do in the Western Indies. However, duty called him to another hemisphere of the planet. He declared:
"I had a thousand fears for Jamaica - a blow that Buonaparte would be happy to inflict on us. I am sailing towards the West Indies without any orders, but I think that the ministry will not complain ... I am a man ... a good old schooled and trained to appreciate the value of our possessions in Western India."
Meanwhile, there were changes in the Admiralty. Dundas, Lord Melville, was charged with corruption by the Commons and forced to resign on 30 April. Pitt has lost one of his confidants.
Napoleon ordered that the Melville affair be made public. At his direction, a special pamphlet was printed on the reasons for the resignation of the first Lord of the British Admiralty and the venality of the English nomenklatura as a whole, which was widely distributed.
Admiral Sir Charles Middleton Lord Barham, 78, became the new head of the department. He previously held the position of Comptroller of the British Naval Forces and did much to improve the efficiency of the fleet. Despite his venerable age, Middleton retained his energy and took an active part in the events in Western India, sending several warships there.
These ships were supposed to be of help to Nelson, who also regrouped forces: he left twenty of the twenty-three high-speed ships in the Mediterranean, and he himself went on an expedition across the Atlantic, with ten ships of the line and three frigates. Villeneuve had twice more ships. This ratio changed slightly when Collingwood was able to send two more warships to help Nelson.
Lord Barham learned that Villeneuve had reached Martinique on 16 May. The experienced admiral was afraid of the imminent appearance of the French fleet near England and ordered William Cornwallis to send ten warships to reinforce Collingwood's small flotilla guarding the strait. He planned to combine the remaining forces - twelve ships of Cornwallis, who were near Brest, five ships that blockaded Rochefort, and several more ships that were in English ports - in the event of an attack by Villeneuve.
Nelson's fleet covered the 3,200 miles separating Gibraltar and Barbados in three weeks. average speed his ships made 135 miles a day - a record speed! At the same time, the slowest ship, Superb, was hardly suitable for sailing across the ocean.
On June 4, Nelson was in Barbados, where he loaded 2,000 soldiers onto ships. He learned about the movements of the French fleet from the captain of a merchant ship and from Admiral Alexander Cochrane, commander of the squadron. Obviously Villeneuve was in the West Indies. Nelson rejoiced, believing that the enemy was somewhere nearby. During the voyage, he did not expect to easily catch Villeneuve and was ready to immediately turn in the opposite direction. Now he believed in close luck and issued the order to "prepare for battle."
“Motion sickness” or kinetosis humanity has not been able to overcome for more than three thousand years. Although he tries very hard.
As historians unanimously assert, the very first transport used Homo sapiens, were watercraft. It was primitive rafts, dugout pies and skin-covered boats that ensured the first serious migrations of our distant great-great-grandparents, whose cradle is considered Africa. And at the same hour, when the first daredevils set sail, “seasickness” or simply motion sickness entered the history of medicine. A strange illness, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and painful changes in the emotional sphere, literally overnight mowed down perfectly healthy people.
And, surprisingly, not all of them. And it disappeared just as quickly, as soon as the unfortunate ones found themselves on a solid shore - fortunately, the first steps in the development of the water expanses of their native planet lasted no longer than daylight hours.
This inexplicable phenomenon gave rise to numerous ancient myths about river and sea spirits, capable of turning any person into a suffering ball of flesh at their own whim. Or, on the contrary, to spare the weakest and most miserable. The similarity of similar plots in the surviving folklore Africa, Asia and America is still surprising researchers. Thus, the legends of the ancient peoples are not only the first reliable references to kinetosis, but also attempts to explain it. The latter task, however, has not been fully achieved to date. It is unanimously recognized only that the key role in the development of motion sickness is played by the action of inertial forces during long-term, periodically repeated, multidirectional mechanical movements of the human body in space.
But with the name of the problem under consideration agreed. Since motion sickness is observed in the most different situations(when moving on water, in a car, train, plane, elevator, as well as when skiing, various attractions and even when walking over bumps), from the names "car sickness", "railroad sickness", air, lift, swing sickness etc. it was decided to leave. When defining this pathology in the scientific literature, the term “motion sickness” (kinetosis), which was proposed by I. Irwin in 1881, is mainly used. As well as the historical name "seasickness". The comprehensive concept of "motion sickness" is also used (it is also a vestibulo-vegetative syndrome).
Kinetosis from Hippocrates to Pilots
With the development of civilization, the size, shape and comfort of ships changed, but "seasickness" remained a faithful companion of many who boarded. Moreover, it was observed so regularly that it was even considered not a pathology, but a kind of variant of the norm. The unspoken vow of silence regarding the normality of kinetosis was broken by the legendary Hippocrates. Descriptions clinical manifestations and symptoms of this disorder ναυτία (pronounced "naphthia") are found in his writings relating to the period 460-475 BC. BC.
The baton of the study of a strange ailment was picked up in Ancient Rome. There, the disease was called "nauseo", which translates as "that which causes disgust, disgusts." We meet reports about him from the ancient Roman scientist-encyclopedist Aulus Cornelius Celsus (c. 25 BC - c. 50 AD). Moreover: the practice of Roman galley walking added to the study of motion sickness new experience. It turned out that exhausting work on the oars temporarily eliminates the symptoms of a painful disorder. Like a dream. Thus, the unfortunate rowers, who immediately fell asleep from fatigue after being released from work, suffered noticeably less from motion sickness than idle passengers.
Almost two thousand years later (in 1939-1945), this observation was remembered in connection with the phenomenon of motion sickness of professional military pilots, who, for one reason or another, found themselves on board the "iron bird" as passengers, not pilots. The only salvation was sleep, into which the sick and wounded usually fell. These cases entered the medical literature as textbook examples of the so-called. dominant focus of brain excitation. And they also confirmed the correctness of the old sailor's wisdom: "do not sit idle - you get seasick."
Seasickness in Descartes' system
After the fall of Rome, studying the problem of motion sickness on for a long time interrupted - the church did not encourage science, and the doctors who continued to serve patients were busy treating really dangerous diseases. In fact, the phenomenon of motion sickness waited for a new round of interest only in the 17th century. And here "seasickness" was not immediately lucky, because when considering it, a number of researchers "lost" the main cause of suffering - repeated multidirectional angular accelerations during movement.
For example, the famous Rene Descartes (1596 - 1650), a French physiologist, mathematician, mechanic, physicist and philosopher, was sure that the problem of kinetosis is purely psychological and is explained by the unusual conditions in which a person finds himself in swimming. And his opponent Semans argued that the painful symptoms cause some kind of miasma formed in sea water due to dead microorganisms. The most amusing of all were the recommendations of a certain Eisenman, who, in order to prevent motion sickness, recommended putting on an iron mask with points that attract electricity. However, since most of the victims of "evil sea spirits" adapt to pitching for a relatively short time (from several hours to several days), the failure of even this miracle remedy did not immediately become clear.
In the light of what has been said, it was especially surprising that sometimes even those who had been incomparably more in the sea than on land could not finally adapt to pitching. So, one of the most famous, successful and revered " sea wolves" planet, the commander of the British fleet, Admiral Horatio Nelson (1758 - 1805) could not get rid of "seasickness" until the end of his days. For the first time he went to sea at the age of 14 and became a full captain by the age of 20, he was freed from painful symptoms only while standing at the helm. Suffered from motion sickness and his other famous colleague - Admiral Ushakov.
Theories of the development of "seasickness"
Only in the 80s years XIX century in the history of the study of kinetosis, a truly scientific period began, which modern authors call localistic. "Motion sickness" has come to be seen as an imbalance of some anatomical structure or physiological system, which has a decisive effect on the entire organism.
So, for example, according to the theory of Y. Trusevich, put forward in 1888, the cause of suffering in "seasickness" was a global spasm of blood vessels - general constrictor angioedema. And it, in turn, was caused by the vagus nerve (vagus), irritated by the friction of the abdominal organs, which occurs due to their movement during rolling. In the opinion of W. Heinrich, expressed in 1894, the leading “weak link” under these conditions was the brain. Or rather, the plethora that develops in it, which leads to a change in "the general sensory system, followed by irritation of the vagus and abdominal nerve plexuses, the consequence [of which] is nausea and vomiting."
Another group of authors considered motion sickness as a kind of concussion, one of the symptoms of which is just nausea and vomiting. There was also a theory of visual vertigo, which said that the cause of motion sickness is an imbalance between visible objects and the body's representation of the corresponding movement.
In the 20th century, the balance organ, the vestibular apparatus, located in the labyrinth of the inner ear, was recognized as the main culprit for the disturbance of well-being during motion sickness. The researchers noticed that the mechanical irritation of its main "transmitter" (semicircular canals and otolithic apparatus) causes symptoms similar to "seasickness" in the subjects. Based on this discovery, in 1929 a test was proposed, called the double rotation test or otolith reaction. It is still used in the primary professional selection of future pilots and cosmonauts - to screen out applicants who, with a vestibular load, experience significant disorientation in space.
Kinetosis - modern view
Today, motion sickness is considered not as a local problem of the vestibular apparatus, but as a systemic disorder that causes a persistent deterioration in well-being. After all, certain changes hemodynamics, and reactions from organs gastrointestinal tract and the abdominal cavity as a whole, and it is impossible to write off the deep emotional depression of the “swaying” when considering the overall picture of kinetosis. Moreover, the severity of "seasickness" is evidenced by the fact that this condition is considered the best working model in the study of long-term adaptive mechanisms of stress.
Unfortunately, at the moment there are no sufficiently complete systemic solutions to the problem of kinetosis. However, significant progress has been made in terms of pharmaceutical support for those suffering from motion sickness. So, to prevent motion sickness during a long journey, antihistamine and anticholinergic drugs are used: the first dose is an hour before the trip, repeated every 6-8 hours. Additionally, in the process of movement, stimulation of biologically active points (the so-called sea bracelets) is used, as well as long-term activation of taste buds. Not without reason in the planes of most airlines in the world, passengers are offered lollipops.
have not lost their relevance folk remedies from motion sickness. So, for short trips in transport, a match or a toothpick sandwiched between the front teeth can be a rescue. At the same time, it should be held so that it does not drop or be crushed. Such a simple action forces the brain to concentrate on controlling the work of the jaw muscles, and this focus of excitation "clogs" unwanted signals from the vestibular apparatus. Sucking on a piece of lemon or ginger, occupational therapy (with the exception of activities that require prolonged concentration of the gaze on a nearby object), singing, and fixing the gaze on the horizon are still effective.
In addition, if a choice of position is possible, people suffering from motion sickness are advised not to sit, but to stand. Or lie down with your eyes closed. Well, if there is an opportunity to fall asleep, then you should not neglect it: kinetosis is powerless against a sleeping person.
