Septic Topas: the principle of operation
There are a wide variety of options for organizing the disposal of wastewater from a country house, cottage or cottage. Cesspools and storage tanks are not the best way due to low hygiene and environmental friendliness. The old method of building a sewer system has been replaced by innovative treatment technologies, among which the Topas septic tank is especially popular. The principle of operation of the Topas septic tank is based on the biological characteristics of microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria).
Device and principle of operation
The most common option for a small house is the Topas 5 model, which meets the needs of a family of 4-5 people and has the best technical parameters and installation features for a small plot and building. Topas biological treatment station is a system with preliminary separation of coarse suspensions. It can be used all year round, regardless of the intensity of use. There are several modifications of this installation with the same length (1.1 m) and width (1.2 m), but different weight - from 250 to 310 kg and height - from 2.5 to 3.1 m.
Particular compactness does not create problems for finding a place to install a septic tank, and low energy consumption (1.5 kW per day) does not require the installation of additional equipment for Topas quality work. This sewer system is designed to process 1 m 3 of wastewater per day.
The design of the sewer septic tank provides water purification in several stages. The septic tank is a system that includes 4 compartments:
- receiving chamber;
- Aerotank;
- Sludge stabilizer;
- Secondary sump.
Important ! The degree of purification of waste sewage water passing through the Topas septic tank is up to 98%.
Coming through the sewer pipe, household waste is in the receiving chamber, the filters in which separate small fractions of waste from large ones. Further, the water that has passed through the filters enters the aeration tank with the help of an airlift (special pump). In this compartment, the most important stage of cleaning takes place - with the help of aerobic bacteria.
Interesting ! Aerobic bacteria - microorganisms of a bacterial nature that carry out their vital activity only in the presence of oxygen, and in the process of biological activity ensure the decomposition of organic substances into constituent elements.
In the aerotank, water is saturated with oxygen (aeration) and purified by aerobic bacteria. The next compartment (sludge stabilizer), at the outlet, gives out already purified water, which flows out by gravity, or with the help of a drainage pump. Activated sludge, settling in the stabilization compartment, again and again enters the aerotank, and after several passes of this procedure is removed from the stabilizer.
Attention ! Waste from the treatment plant in the form of stabilized sludge is the main condition for Topas 5 maintenance, as well as an effective fertilizer for the backyard.
Purified water in the form of runoff is discharged into a special ditch or container and can be used for watering plants. Such a simple principle of operation and the device of the Topas 5 septic tank allows obtaining, without human intervention, based on biological decomposition processes, high-quality and environmentally friendly sewage treatment.
Advantages and disadvantages
Topas sewerage, the principle of operation of which is described above, has undeniable advantages over other treatment systems during operation:
- High cleaning efficiency (98-99%) while ensuring a high level of hygiene and environmental friendliness;
- Ease of maintenance of the system, which can be done independently without special equipment and the involvement of specialists;
- Low energy consumption;
- Lack of unpleasant odors and low noise level;
- Compact and durable design and ease of installation;
- Wide range of models.
One of the main disadvantages of the Topas 5 station is its not the lowest price, as well as the need to ensure uninterrupted electricity. But these disadvantages against the background of advantages are not significant, since the installation efficiency and inexpensive maintenance pay off in a short time. And the installation of an uninterruptible supply of electricity on the site will eliminate the second drawback.
Features of installation and operation
Proper installation and proper maintenance of the Topas septic tank is the key to its effective operation.
Installation
Installation of Topas 5 should be carried out by qualified specialists with experience in installing such systems.
The first step is to find a suitable location that must meet the following requirements:
- Treatment facilities should be located at an optimal distance from residential buildings - from 5 to 15 meters;
- If there is a need for installation at a longer distance due to the characteristics of the soil, then the inspection well must be installed on the external sewerage pipeline;
- A well is necessary if the bends of the supply pipe are more than 30 °, the best option is the absence of pipeline turns.
The system is installed in a previously excavated pit, the walls of which must be reinforced with wooden formwork to prevent soil shedding.
The septic tank is installed on a sand cushion, which is about 150 mm high and must be aligned with the mounting level. At the same height, the treatment system should rise above the ground, which will ensure the convenience of its maintenance and protect it from spring floods.
Attention ! If the septic tank is installed in soils saturated with groundwater, then it is advisable to mount it on a pre-poured concrete base.
Exploitation
After the installation of the system, it is necessary to perform commissioning. Further measures for the maintenance of a septic tank are:
- Compressor membrane cleaning every 2 years;
- Replacement of aeration equipment after 10-12 years of operation;
- Stabilizer cleaning and removal of sludge with regular use of treatment facilities at least 1 time in 3 months;
- Annual maintenance of the station, which includes pumping out sediments and sludge from all compartments of the system and flushing each tank with clean water;
In addition to the above procedures, it is necessary, as far as contamination is concerned, to clean the filter units from large fractions of waste, check the float mechanism for operability, clean the compartment of the pumping unit, and clean the hoses and tubes included in the system.
Possible malfunctions and their elimination
Septic tank Topas 5 is a reliable biological sewerage treatment plant, its effective operation can be disrupted if some of the components fail, which can be caused by:
- flooding of the septic tank;
- Malfunction of the drainage pump;
- Airlift pollution;
- Compressor diaphragm damage.
The flooding of the septic tank can be caused by a malfunction of the drainage pump, freezing of the pipeline leading to clean water, due to improper installation of the sewage treatment. Most often, problems are fixed by replacing or cleaning the necessary components. In addition, cleaning must be carried out in the presence of an unpleasant odor from the septic tank.
The reliability and environmental friendliness of the sewer system at home depends on how the Topas septic tank works, therefore it is necessary to carry out correct and timely maintenance of the installation and not violate the rules of operation.
Features of the septic tank
An important condition for the quality of the system is its constant operation. Long breaks in the operation of the station do not allow the aerobic bacteria to function effectively, the condition for which is the presence of polluted water with organic impurities that these microorganisms feed on. Without power, they die and the system stops working properly. At the same time, the manufacturer gives a guarantee for the operation of the unit for 50 years under correct installation and operation conditions.
It is impossible to drain such waste into the Topas 5 sewerage system as:
- Construction debris, sand;
- Aggressive detergents;
- cleaning chemicals;
- Large waste;
- Alkali, acid, drugs and rotting waste.
Conclusion
The Topas septic tank is an effective biological system for sewerage, which, with proper operation, can work offline for a long time, providing the necessary measures for the removal and treatment of human waste.
You can buy septic tanks of this model on the site topas-site.ru or in specialized stores in your city.
