Secrets of ancient artifacts. The most mysterious ancient artifacts
Let's not talk about the numerous discovered stone tools that were produced at a time when, according to scientists, man did not exist. Let's think about more exotic finds.
Let's not talk about the numerous discovered stone tools that were produced at a time when, according to scientists, man did not exist. Let's think about more exotic finds. For example, in 1845, in one of the quarries in Scotland, a nail was found embedded in a block of limestone, and in 1891, an article appeared in one of the American newspapers about a gold chain about 25 cm long, which turned out to be walled up in a block of coal, not older than less than 260 million years.
A message about an extremely unusual find was published in a scientific journal in 1852. It was about a mysterious vessel about 12 cm high, two halves of which were discovered after an explosion in one of the quarries. This vase, with clear images of flowers, was located inside a rock that is 600 million years old. In 1889, in the state of Idaho (USA), while drilling a well, from a depth of more than 90 m, a figure of a woman about 4 cm high was extracted. According to geologists, her age was at least 2 million years.
For the past few decades, miners in South Africa have been digging up mysterious metal balls. These balls of unknown origin are about an inch in diameter, and some of them are engraved with three parallel lines running along the axis of the object. Two types of balls have been found: one consists of a hard bluish metal with white spots, while the other is emptied from the inside and filled with a white spongy substance. Interestingly, the stone in which they were found belongs to the Precambrian period and dates back 2.8 billion years! Who and why made these spheres is still a mystery.
While searching for minerals in the mountains of California near Olancha in the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxey, and Mike Mikesell found what they thought was a geode—a nice addition to their gem shop. However, after cutting the stone, Mikesell found an object inside that looked like white porcelain. At its center was a shaft of shiny metal. The experts concluded that if it was a geode, it would have taken approximately 500,000 years to form, but the object inside was clearly a piece of human production.
Further examination determined that the porcelain was surrounded by a hexagonal body, and X-rays revealed a tiny spring at one end, similar to a spark plug. As you might have guessed, this artifact is surrounded by some controversy. Some argue that the object was not inside the geode, but was covered in hardened clay.
The find itself was identified by experts as a spark plug from the 1920s. Unfortunately, Koso's artifact has been lost and cannot be thoroughly studied. Is there a natural explanation for this phenomenon? Was it found, as the discoverer claimed, inside the geode? If this is true, how could a 1920s-era spark plug get inside a stone that is 500,000 years old?
In 1968, the workers of the quarry of Saint-Jean-de-Livet (France) were surprised a lot, when semi-oval metal pipes various sizes, clearly manufactured by sentient beings.
And quite recently, in Russia, an ordinary bolt was found in ancient rock, which hit a stone about 300 million years ago ...
The last sensation among the anomalous finds can be considered the Chandar map, discovered in Bashkiria. The map is a stone slab with a relief image of the area from the Ufa Upland to the city of Meleuz. The map shows numerous channels, as well as dams and water intakes.
The slab with the map seems to consist of three layers: the first is the base and is a substance resembling cement, the other two layers - made of silicon and porcelain - were clearly intended not only to better display the details of the relief, but also to preserve the entire image as a whole. According to scientists, it is about 50 million years old...
According to the vice-rector of the Bashkir University A. N. Chuvyrov, the map could have been made by aliens from outer space, who in ancient times were going to inhabit our planet.
Sixty-five million years ago there were no humans, let alone anyone who could work with metal. In that case, how does science explain semi-oval metal pipes dug in France from Cretaceous chalk?
In 1885, when a piece of coal was broken, a metal cube was discovered, clearly processed by a craftsman. In 1912, power station workers broke a large piece of coal from which an iron pot fell out. A nail was found in a sandstone block from the Mesozoic era. There are a LOT of similar anomalies.
In any case, these examples - and there are many more - should prompt all curious and open-minded scientists to reexamine and rethink the history of life on Earth.
So, we moved on to the question of the authorship of numerous anomalous finds. Perhaps the easiest way, and even more profitable for scientists, is to blame everything on the unfortunate humanoids. Here they lost a bolt, then a mug, and in Bashkiria they dropped a map weighing one ton ... What we now find in the bowels of the Earth are all tricks of aliens ... Only here are the scales of these "tricks", and their geography are impressive: it begins to seem that once upon a time our Earth was simply inhabited by aliens ... Then, maybe we ourselves are also aliens? ..
Footprint on granite
This fossil footprint was discovered in a seam of coal in Fisher Canyon, Nevada. According to estimates, the age of this coal is 15 million years!
And lest you think that this is a fossil of some animal, the shape of which resembles the sole of a modern boot, examination of the footprint under a microscope revealed clearly visible traces of a double seam line along the perimeter of the form. The footprint is about a size 13 and the right side of the heel appears to be more worn than the left.
Like an imprint modern shoes 15 million years ago ended up on a substance that later became coal? There are several options:
The trail was left recently and coal is not formed for millions of years (which science does not agree), or ...
Fifteen million years ago, there were people (or something like people for whom we have no historical data) walking around in shoes, or ...
The time travelers traveled back in time and inadvertently left a trail, or...
This is a well thought out gamble.
| ancient footprint Today, such footprints can be seen on any beach or muddy ground. But this footprint - clearly anatomically similar to that of a modern human - is frozen in stone, which is estimated to be about 290 million years old. The discovery was made in 1987 in New Mexico by paleontologist Jerry McDonald. He also found traces of birds and animals, but found it difficult to explain how this contemporary footprint turned out to be on the Permian rock, which, according to experts, is 290-248 million years old. According to modern scientific thinking, it was formed long before humans (or even birds and dinosaurs) appeared on this planet. In a 1992 Smithsonian Magazine article on the find, it was noted that paleontologists call such anomalies "problematica." In fact, they are big problems for scientists. This is the white crow theory: all you have to do to prove that not all ravens are black is just to find one white one. In the same way, to challenge the history of modern man (or perhaps our way of estimating the age of rock strata), we need to find a fossil like this. However, scientists simply shelve such artifacts, call them "problematica" and move on with their adamant beliefs, because reality is too inconvenient. Is this the right science? |  |
A much more serious hypothesis explaining the anomalous finds in rocks is the assumption of the existence on Earth in the distant past of a proto-civilization that reached high development and perished in a global catastrophe. This hypothesis irritates scientists most of all, because it breaks a more or less harmonious concept of not only the emergence and development of mankind, but also the formation of life on Earth in general.
Well, let's say people existed millions of years ago and even ran a race with dinosaurs, then there should be some fossilized bones left from them? That's just the point, that remained! In 1850, in Italy, in rocks 4 million years old, a skeleton was discovered that, in its structure, is quite consistent with modern man. And in California, in gold-bearing gravel, at least 9 million years old, human remains were also found.
These finds were not isolated, but just like all those found in very ancient rocks, human remains knocked the ground out from under the feet of conservative scientists: anomalous bones were either hidden in storerooms or declared fake. Ultimately, it turns out that scientists have at their disposal not only anomalous artifacts, but also very ancient human remains that do not fit into any chronological framework of the alleged human evolution.
Antikytherian computer
Let's take a closer look at this find.
In the early 1900s, Elias Stadiatos and a group of other Greek divers were fishing for sea sponges off the coast of the small rocky island of Andikithira, located between the southern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula and the island of Crete. Rising from another dive, Stadiatos began to mumble something about "many dead naked women" lying on the seabed. Upon further examination of the bottom at a depth of almost 140 feet, the diver discovered the wreck of a sunken Roman freighter 164 feet long. Items from the 1st century BC were on the ship. BC e .: marble and bronze statues (dead naked women), coins, gold jewelry, pottery and, as it turned out later, pieces of oxidized bronze that fell apart immediately after rising from the bottom of the sea. The finds from the shipwreck were immediately studied, described and sent to the National Museum of Athens for exhibition and storage. On May 17, 1902, the Greek archaeologist Spyridon Stais, studying unusual fragments from sunken ships covered with marine growths that had lain at sea for up to 2000 years, noticed in one piece a gear wheel with an inscription similar to Greek writing.
A wooden box was found next to the unusual object, but it, like the wooden boards from the ship itself, soon dried out and crumbled. Further research and careful cleaning of the oxidized bronze revealed several more fragments of the mysterious object. Soon a skilfully made gear mechanism made of bronze, measuring 33x17x9 cm, was found. BC e. - this is how the sunken ship was dated according to the pottery found on it. Many researchers believed that the mechanism was a medieval astrolabe - an astronomical instrument for observing the movement of the planets used in navigation (the oldest known example was an Iraqi astrolabe of the 9th century). However, it was not possible to come to a common opinion regarding the dating and purpose of creating the artifact, and soon the mysterious object was forgotten.
In 1951, British physicist Derek De Solla Price, then professor of the history of science at Yale University, became interested in the ingenious mechanism from the sunken ship and began to study it in detail. In June 1959, after eight years of careful study of X-ray images of the subject, the results of the analysis were presented in an article entitled "The Ancient Greek Computer" and published in Scientific American. With the help of x-rays, at least 20 individual gears were examined, including a semi-axial one, which was previously considered an invention of the 16th century. The side gear allowed the two rods to rotate at different speeds, similar to the rear axle of automobiles. Summing up his research, Price came to the conclusion that the Antikythera find is the wreckage of the "greatest astronomical clock", the prototypes of "modern analog computers." His article was met with disapproval in the scientific world. Some professors refused to believe in the possibility of such a device and suggested that the object must have fallen into the sea in the Middle Ages and accidentally ended up among the wreckage of a shipwreck.
In 1974, Price published the results of more complete research in a monograph titled "Greek Instruments: The Antikythera Mechanism - A Calendar Computer of 80 B.C." e.". In his work, he analyzed X-rays made by the Greek radiographer Christos Karakalos and gamma radiography data obtained by him. Price's further research showed that the ancient scientific instrument actually consisted of more than 30 gears, but most of them are not fully represented. Nevertheless, even the surviving fragments allowed Price to conclude that when the crank was turned, the mechanism should have shown the movement of the Moon, the Sun, possibly the planets, as well as the rise of the main stars. According to the functions performed, the device resembled a complex astronomical computer. It was a working model of the solar system, once located in wooden box with hinged doors that protected the inside of the mechanism. The inscriptions and the arrangement of the gears (as well as the annual circle of the object) led Price to the conclusion that the mechanism is associated with the name of Geminus of Rhodes, a Greek astronomer and mathematician who lived around 110-40 years. BC e. Price decided that the Antikythera mechanism was designed on the Greek island of Rhodes, off the coast of Turkey, possibly even by Geminus himself, around 87 BC. e. Among the remains of the cargo with which the wrecked ship sailed, jugs from the island of Rhodes were indeed found. Apparently, they were taken from Rhodes to Rome. The date when the ship went under water, with a certain degree of certainty, can be attributed to 80 BC. e. The object was already several years old at the time of the crash, so today the date of creation of the Antikythera mechanism is considered to be 87 BC. e.
In this case, it is possible that the device was created by Geminus on the island of Rhodes. This conclusion seems plausible also because Rhodes in those days was known as a center of astronomical and technological research. In the II century. BC e. the Greek writer and mechanic Philo of Byzantium described polybolos that he saw on Rhodes. These amazing catapults could fire without reloading: two gears were connected on them by a chain, which was set in motion with the help of a gate (a mechanical device consisting of a horizontal cylinder with a handle, thanks to which it could rotate). It was on Rhodes that the Greek Stoic philosopher, astronomer and geographer Posidonius (135-51 BC) managed to reveal the nature of the ebb and flow. In addition, Posidonius quite accurately (for that time) calculated the size of the Sun, as well as the size of the Moon and the distance to it. The name of the astronomer Hipparchus of Rhodes (190-125 BC) is associated with the discovery of trigonometry and the creation of the first star catalog. Moreover, he was one of the first Europeans who, using data from Babylonian astronomy and his own observations, explored the solar system. It is possible that part of the data obtained by Hipparchus and his ideas were used to create the Antikythera mechanism.
The Antikythera device is the oldest extant example of complex mechanical technology. The use of cogwheels more than 2000 years ago is of the greatest astonishment, and the skill with which they were made is comparable to the art of clockmaking in the 18th century. In recent years, several working copies of the ancient computer have been created. One of them was made by the Austrian computer specialist Allan George Bromley (1947-2002) from the University of Sydney and watchmaker Frank Percival. Bromley also took the clearest x-rays of the object, which formed the basis for a three-dimensional model of the mechanism by his student Bernard Garner. A few years later, the British inventor, author of the orrary (a desktop demonstration mechanical planetarium - a model of the solar system), John Gleave, designed a more accurate model: on the front panel of the working model there was a dial that displayed the movement of the Sun and Moon along the zodiac constellations of the Egyptian calendar.
Another attempt to investigate and recreate the artifact was made in 2002 by Michael Wright, Curator of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the Science Museum, together with Allan Bromley. Although some of Wright's findings differ from those of Derek DeSol Price, he concluded that the mechanism was an even more amazing invention than Price had imagined. Justifying his theory, Wright relied on x-rays of the subject and used the method of the so-called linear tomography. This technology allows you to see the object in detail, considering only one of its plane or edge, clearly focusing the image. Thus, Wright was able to carefully study the gears and establish that the device could accurately simulate not only the movement of the Sun and Moon, but also all the planets known to the ancient Greeks: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Apparently, thanks to the circles placed on front panel artifact to the bronze marks that marked the zodiac constellations, the mechanism could (and quite accurately) calculate the position of known planets for any date. In September 2002, Wright completed the model and it became part of the "Ancient Technologies" exhibit at the Technopark of the Museum of Athens.
Many years of research, attempts to reconstruct and various assumptions have not given an exact answer to the question: how the Antikythera mechanism worked. There were theories that it performed astrological functions and was used to computerize horoscopes, created as an educational model of the solar system, or even as an elaborate toy for the rich. Derek De Solla Price considered the mechanism to be evidence of tradition. high technology metalworking among the ancient Greeks. In his opinion, when Ancient Greece fell into decline, this knowledge was not lost - it became the property of the Arab world, where similar mechanisms later appeared, and later created the foundation for the development of watchmaking technology in medieval Europe. Price believed that at first the device was in the statue, on a special board. The mechanism may once have been located in a structure similar to the stunning octagonal marble tower of the winds with a water clock located on the Roman Agora in Athens.
Research and attempts to recreate the Antikythera mechanism forced scientists to look at the description of devices of this type in ancient texts from a different point of view. Previously, it was believed that references to mechanical astronomical models in the works of ancient authors should not be taken literally. The Greeks were supposed to have general theory rather than specific knowledge in the field of mechanics. However, after the discovery and study of the Antikythera mechanism, this opinion should change. Roman orator and writer Cicero, who lived and worked in the 1st century BC. BC e., that is, during the period when the shipwreck occurred at Antikythera, tells about the invention of his friend and teacher, the previously mentioned Posidonius. Cicero says that Posidonius recently created a device "which, with each revolution, reproduces the movement of the Sun, the Moon and the five planets, occupying a certain place in the sky every day and night." Cicero also mentions that the astronomer, engineer and mathematician Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 B.C.) was “reputed to have created small model solar system". The speaker's remark that the Roman consul Marcelius was very proud of having a model of the solar system designed by Archimedes himself may also be related to the device. He took it as a trophy in Syracuse, located on the east coast of Sicily. It was during the siege of the city, in 212 BC. e., Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier. Some researchers believe that the astronomical instrument recovered from the shipwreck off Antikythera was designed and built by Archimedes. However, the only thing that is certain is that one of the most amazing artifacts ancient world, a real Antikythera mechanism, is today in the collection of the National Archaeological Museum in Athens and, together with a reconstructed example, is part of its display. A copy of the ancient device is also exhibited at the American Computer Museum in Bozeman (Montana). The discovery of the Antikythera mechanism unambiguously called into question the conventional wisdom about the scientific and technological achievements of the ancient world.
Reconstructed models of the device proved that it performed the functions of an astronomical computer, and Greek and Roman scientists of the 1st century. BC e. quite skillfully designed and created complex mechanisms, which for a thousand years had no equal. Derek De Solla Price observed that civilizations with the technology and knowledge needed to build such machines "could build just about anything they wanted to". Unfortunately, most of what they created has not been preserved. The fact that the Antikythera mechanism is not mentioned in the ancient texts that have come down to our time proves how much has been lost from that important and amazing period of European history. And if it wasn't for the sea sponge hunters 100 years ago, we wouldn't have this proof of existence either. scientific achievements in Greece 2000 years ago.
How can these findings be explained? There are several options:
- Intelligent people existed much earlier than we think
- In our history there is no data about other intelligent beings and civilizations that existed on our Earth
“Our dating methods are completely inaccurate, and these rocks, charcoal, and fossils are forming much faster than we think today.
Tisul princess
One of the most interesting facts is the so-called "Tisulskaya find" - an amazing artifact found in the Tisulsky district of the Kemerovo region in the late 60s of the last century.
Oleg Kulishkin wrote about this discovery in issue 124 of the Arkaim newspaper.
Tisulskaya find
The name of the hero who told me this story, I will not name. For such revelations in our "free" society, one can freely become unfree.
During my last trip to Moscow, I met on a train a man with a strict, unusually intelligent face (like Stirlitz's). At first he kept silent, but the road is long, and his fellow traveler, as they say, boiled in his soul ...
It turned out that in front of me was a retired colonel of the KGB of the USSR, who had worked for many years in one of the secret departments. He left the organs in 1991 (did not accept the collapse of the Union). Now retired. Raising a granddaughter. I wrote down the story of a fellow traveler from memory. I think, on the whole, I managed to preserve the style of presentation and even some of the speech patterns of the narrator.
It happened at the beginning of September 1969 in the village of Rzhavchik, Tisulsky district, Kemerovo region. During overburden work at a coal mine, in the core of a twenty-meter coal seam at a depth of more than 70 meters, a miner Karnaukhov (later died on a motorcycle under the wheels of KrAZ) discovered a two-meter marble casket of amazingly precise mechanical workmanship.
The village of Rzhavchik and lake Berchikul from Kosmos At the command of the head of the site, Alexander Alexandrovich Masalygin (died in 1980. The official version is a stomach ulcer), all work was immediately stopped. They lifted the casket to the surface and began to open it, pounding the putty, which had petrified from time to time, along the edges). Not so much from the blows as from the heat of the sun, the putty had turned into a clear liquid and flowed. One thrill-seeker even tried it on his tongue (literally a week later he went crazy, and in February he froze at the door of his own house). The lid of the box was a perfect fit. For a stronger connection inner edge bordered by a double edge, tightly entering the fifteen-centimeter wall thickness.
The opening came as a shock to those present.
The casket turned out to be a coffin, filled to the brim with a pink-blue crystal-clear liquid, under the spring surface of which a tall (about 180 cm), slender, unusually beautiful woman rested - she looked about thirty, with delicate European features and large, wide-open blue eyes. Thick dark blond curls with a reddish tint to the waist lightly covered delicate white hands resting along the body with short, neatly trimmed nails. She was dressed in a snow-white lace transparent dress, a length just below the knees. With short sleeves embroidered with colorful flowers. There were no underwear. It seemed that the woman was not dead, but asleep. At the head is a black, rectangular, rounded at one end, metal box (something like a cell phone), about 25 by 10 cm in size.
The coffin stood open for public viewing from about 10:00 to 15:00. The whole village came to see the miracle. Almost immediately, the discovery was reported to the district center. The authorities, firefighters, the military, and the police came in large numbers. By 2 p.m., a brick-colored helicopter flew in from the region and delivered a dozen respectable "comrades" in civilian clothes, who immediately declared that the place was contagious and ordered those present to move away from the coffin. After that, they cordoned off the place of the find and enumerated everyone who touched the coffin and even those who were close, supposedly for an urgent medical examination.
The “comrades” dragged the coffin, it was into the helicopter, but the burden turned out to be too heavy, and they decided to make the task easier by removing the liquid. After pumping out the liquid from the coffin, the corpse began to turn black right before our eyes. Then the liquid was poured again, and the blackness began to quickly disappear. A minute later, a blush played on the cheeks of the deceased again, and the entire body of the deceased acquired its former life-like appearance. The coffin was closed and brought into a helicopter, the remains of the putty were collected together with the ground in plastic bags and the witnesses were ordered to disperse. After that, the helicopter soared up and headed for Novosibirsk.
Five days later, an elderly professor came from Novosibirsk to Rzhavchik and read in country club lecture on the preliminary results of laboratory studies of a recent find. The professor said that this Rzhavchik find would change the very understanding of history. In the very near future, Soviet scientists will publish the results of their research, and this will overthrow scientific world in shock. The age of the burial, according to the professor, is at least 800 million years! This refutes Darwin's theory of the origin of man from apes.
A woman is buried in the Carboniferous period of the Paleozoic era, millions of years before the advent of dinosaurs, long before the formation of the planet hard coal when, according to modern ideas, the earth was still a continuous vegetable kingdom. Initially, the coffin with the body of a woman stood in a wooden crypt in the middle of a deep thicket of the forest. Over time, the crypt completely rooted into the ground, collapsed and, without access to oxygen, for hundreds of millions of years turned into a monolithic layer of coal.
Coal mine near the village of Rzhavchik, Tisulsky district At first, an alien version was put forward, but the genetic analysis of the woman's body showed her 100% similarity with the modern Russian man. Today we are one to one the same as our ancestors were 800 million years ago! It has been established that the level of civilization to which the woman belonged exceeds all known so far, including ours, since the nature of the fabric from which the dress of the “princess” is made is not amenable to scientific analysis. The technique for the production of such material by mankind has not yet been invented. It has not yet been possible to determine the composition of the pink-blue liquid, only some of its constituent components, formed by the most ancient varieties of onions and garlic, have been identified. The professor said nothing about the metal box, except that it was being studied.
The lecturer left, and a couple of days later a tiny note appeared in the Tisul regional newspaper that an archaeological relic had been discovered near the village of Rzhavchik, which would shed light on history. Rzhavchane protested - so many sensations, and in the newspaper three lines!
The indignation subsided by itself when the Tisulsky district was suddenly cordoned off by the military, the police went through the yards, seizing the "seditious" number from the population, and the place where the coffin was found was carefully dug up and covered with earth.
And yet, despite the efforts of the authorities, there were fighters for the truth among the villagers. One of the heroes went around all instances, even wrote a letter to the Central Committee of the CPSU, but died suddenly a year later (according to official version from heart failure). When, within a year, all six "pioneers" of the coffin died one after another in car accidents, the surviving witnesses fell silent forever.
In 1973, when, according to the authorities, “everything calmed down”, on the shores and islands of Lake Berchikul, which is six kilometers from the place where the sarcophagus was found, large-scale excavations were carried out all summer until late autumn in the strictest secrecy. The place of work was cordoned off by soldiers and police. But, as they say, you can’t hide an awl in a bag!
Somehow visiting workers who participated in excavations and for a long time kept quiet, went into the district store, got drunk and let it slip that an ancient cemetery from the Stone Age was discovered on the islands. They flatly refused to give details, but the whole village saw how a “brick” helicopter kept flying to the excavation site and taking something away, and upon completion of work on the islands and banks of Berchikul, hundreds of graves dug up and carefully covered with earth remained ...
It will be very difficult to get used to the fact that some time ago there was another civilization on our planet, much more advanced scientifically and technically than ours today.
Series of messages "
Oldowan tools
The most primitive human tools are called Oldowan (Olduvian) due to the fact that they were first found in the Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania.
The most ancient tools were found in Ethiopia. During excavations in the Afar Desert (central Ethiopia) in the Hadar area, tools were found 2.5 million years old. At excavations in the Omo Valley in southern Ethiopia, archaeologists have found tools that are about 2.4 - 2.5 million years old. The sites of ancient people were also found here.
Archaeologists consider the characteristic features of processing to be evidence of the non-randomness of the chips on the tools: stone upholstery from one or two edges, the presence of an impact tubercle, as well as the concentration of tools in places where they could not be formed naturally.
By the way, here, in Ethiopia, American archaeologists found a spearhead, the age of which was determined no less than 280,000 years. The tip is made of volcanic glass and is still very sharp.
Spanish petroglyphs
The most ancient rock paintings are petroglyphs found in Spain in the caves of El Castillo and Altamira. Among the most ancient images are handprints, animal figurines and dots. They are made with charcoal, hematite and ocher.
Scientists managed to establish the exact age of one of the palm prints, and it turned out that the drawing is 37,300 years old. The age of the large red dot near this drawing is even older - 40,800 years.
To determine the age of the drawings, scientists used calcite, which covered the images. The fact is that during the deposition of calcite on the drawings, radioactive uranium atoms fell into the mineral, which, during decay, form thorium. The scientists used the ratio of elements as a time clock, and calculated the time of the beginning of the formation of calcite.
True, archaeologists are still arguing who exactly left the drawings - a reasonable person ( Homo sapiens) or they belong to Neanderthals.
German ancient figurine
The oldest image of a man was found in Germany by archaeologist Nicholas Conard. This tiny female figurine, carved from mammoth tusk, was discovered in the Hole Fels karst cave in the Swabian Alb, which is located just a kilometer from the city of Schelklingen.
Figurine dimensions: 59.7mm X 31.3mm X 34.6mm. Weight - 33.3 grams. The figurine was originally split into six pieces and is still missing an arm and shoulder.
The age of the figurine was determined using radiocarbon analysis, which was subjected to fragments of the remains of animals, next to which it was found. The scatter of the data was quite large. The age of the figurine is estimated at 44,000 years.
The author of the find, Konrad, believes that the woman figurine belongs to the Aurignacian culture and determines its age as 40,000 years.
Gyges stater
most old coin in the world is the Lydian stater. The coin was gold and had a mass of 14 grams. Even the historian Herodotus wrote about the Lydians: "They were the first of the people who began to mint coins and engaged in petty trade."
The stater was minted from 685 to 652 under the Lydian king Gyges, the ancestor of the Mermnad dynasty. On the reverse of the coin, a lion was depicted, personifying the capital of Lydia, Sardis, and on the obverse, incomprehensible rectangular symbols.
Later, staters spread throughout the Mediterranean and became widespread in Persia. The image of a running fox appeared on the staters, which has a sacred meaning.
Donetsk sundial
Sundial dating from 13th-12th centuries BC were found in 2011
in the burial ground "Popov Yar II", which is located northwest of Donetsk and belongs to the so-called Srubnaya culture, whose representatives were the ancestors of the Scythians.
The clock is a carved slab measuring 100 by 70 centimeters, weighing 130 kilograms, with lines and circles on both sides. Unlike conventional sundial, which use a fixed vertical gnomon, the Donetsk clock was supposed to use a movable gnomon, which took into account the angle of inclination of the Earth's axis. At the same time, the clock was made for use exactly at the latitude at which they were found. Most likely, they belonged to a young man who was buried in the barrow.
Antikythera mechanism
The Antikythera mechanism was found in 1900 by the Greek diver Lycopantis among the wreckage of a sunken Greek ship in the Aegean Sea. The artifact consists of several bronze gears fixed inside pieces of limestone. Scientists using X-rays, and then a tomograph, managed to find out that this is a unique mechanical calculator, with which the ancient Greeks determined the day of the week, year, time, and also calculated the paths of the Sun, Moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury, Saturn and Jupiter . The reverse side of the mechanism was used to predict solar and lunar eclipses.
Most likely, the ancient ship came from the island of Rhodes, where the Greek astronomer and mathematician Hipparchus of Nicaea once lived. From the coins found at the shipwreck by Jacques Cousteau, it was determined that the mechanism was created around 85 BC. It is believed that the mechanism was invented by Archimedes himself.
Antediluvian Shigir idol
The oldest wooden artifact was found in 1890 on the territory of the Shigir swamp in the Urals in Russia. At the second Kuryinsky mine, prospectors from under a four-meter layer of peat extracted fragments of a mysterious artifact that went down in history under the name of the Big Shigir Idol. In addition to it, more than 3,000 other finds were found - from arrowheads to wooden spoons and even the burial of a woman.
The larch idol is well preserved thanks to peat. Unfortunately, later the lower part of it was lost. The artifact is covered with geometric patterns that meant natural elements, faces are carved on wide planes. It is crowned with a three-dimensional image of the head.
Now the idol is stored in the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. In 1997, it began to collapse, and urgent conservation was needed. The scientists decided to carry out a carbon analysis of the wood. The analysis was carried out at the Institute of the History of Material Culture in St. Petersburg. He showed that the artifact was 9,500 years old. That is, in accordance with the ideas of Christians, it can be created even before the Flood.
The Bible tells us, in some fundamentalist interpretations, that God created Adam and Eve only a few thousand years ago. Science tells us that this is a mere fiction and that man is several million years old. and that this civilization is only a few tens of thousands of years old.
Perhaps this is the case, however, what if science is as wrong as the stories of the Bible? There is a lot of archaeological evidence that the history of life on Earth could be much more different than what we are told. geological and anthropological texts.
Given these amazing finds:
#1 The Grooved Spheres
Explanation
Over the past few decades, miners in South Africa have been digging up mysterious metal spheres. Origin unknown, these spheres measure about an inch in diameter, and some graphed with three parallel indentations around the equator.
Two types of spheres have been found: the first is made of a hard bluish metal speckled with white; the second is curved and filled with spongy white matter. The big surprise here is that every sphere found belongs to to the Precambrian period and dated to 2.8 billion years!
Who made them and for what purpose remains unknown.
No. 2. Dropa Stones (The Dropa Stones)
In 1938, an archaeological expedition led by Dr. Chi Pu Tei in the Bayan-Kara-Ula mountains of China made an amazing discovery in caves that were apparently once occupied by some ancient culture.
Buried in the age-old dust on the floor of the cave were hundreds of stone discs. Measuring approximately nine inches in diameter, each stone had a circle carved in the center and the stones were engraved in spiral depressions, making the stones look like a 10,000 to 12,000 year old phonograph record.
The spiral groove turns out to be actually made up of tiny hieroglyphs that tell the incredible story of spaceships from some distant world that crash-landed in the mountains. These ships were driven by people who called themselves Dropa and the remains of whose descendants were found in the cave.
No. 3. Ica Stones (The Ica Stones)
In the 1930s, Dr. Javier Cabrela, a medical doctor, received a strange stone as a gift from a local farmer. Dr. Cabrela was so intrigued that he collected more than 1,100 of these Andesite stones, estimated to be between 500 and 1,500 years old, and collectively known as the Ica Stones.
The stones are engraved, most with sexual graphics (which were common in that culture); some painted idols and others depict practices such as open-heart surgery and brain transplants.
The most amazing engravings, however, clearly depict dinosaurs - brontosaurs, triceratops, stegosaurus and pterosaurs. While skeptics consider the Ica Stones to be a hoax, their authenticity has yet to be confirmed. was neither proven nor refuted.
#4 The Antikythera Mechanism
The puzzling exhibit was recovered by divers from a shipwreck in 1900 off the coast of Antikizera, a small island that lies northwest of Crete. Divers recovered from the wreck a large number of marble and bronze statues that were apparently the ship's cargo. Among the finds was a piece of corroded bronze that contained a mechanism made up of a large number of gears and wheels.
The letters on the boxes indicate that it was made in the 80s. BC e., and many experts immediately visited the idea that it was an astrolabe, an astronomical instrument. An x-ray of the mechanism, however, revealed that it was a much more complex device that contained complex system differential mechanisms.
A device of such complexity, as it became known, did not exist until 1575! It is still unknown who designed this amazing tool 2,000 years ago or how this technology was lost.
No. 5. Baghdad Battery (The Baghdad Battery)
Today batteries can be found in any grocery, apparatus and department store you come across every day. Okay, here's a battery that's 2,000 years old! Known as the Baghdad Battery, this curious item was found in the ruins of a Parthian village that existed between 248 BC and 248 BC. and 226 years. AD.
The device consisted of a 5-1/2 inch high earthenware vessel, inside of which was a copper cylinder held in place by asphalt, and inside of which was an oxidized iron rod. The experts who examined this concluded that the device only had to be filled with an acid or alkaline liquid in order to generate an electrical charge.
It is believed that this ancient battery may have been used to plate the object with gold. If so, how was this technology lost...was the battery not discovered for another 1800 years?
#6 The Coso Artifact
During a mineral hunt in the California mountains near Olancha during the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxey, and Mike Maxel found a rock, among many others, that they thought was a geode—a nice addition to their gem shop. However, after cutting it open, Maxel found an object inside that appeared to be made of white porcelain. In the center was a shaft of shiny metal.
Experts have stated that if it was a geode, it would have taken approximately 500,000 years to form such an ore fossil, yet the object inside was apparently made by human hands. Further examination showed that the porcelain was surrounded by a hexagonal casing and the x-ray showed a tiny spring at the end, similar to a spark plug.
As you might guess, there has been some controversy surrounding this artifact. Some argue that the artifact was not encased in a geode at all, but was placed in hardened clay. The exhibit itself has been identified by experts as the champion spark plug of the 1920s.
Unfortunately, the Coso Artifact has disappeared and cannot be fully explored. Is there a reasonable explanation for this? Or was it claimed as a discoverer, inside a geode? If so, how could a 1920s spark plug get inside a 500,000-year-old rock?
#7 Ancient Model Aircraft
There are artifacts from ancient Egyptian and Central American cultures that are remarkably similar to a modern aircraft. An Egyptian artifact found in a tomb in Saqqara, Egypt in 1898, is a six-inch wooden object that strongly resembles a model airplane, with a fuselage, wings and tail.
Experts believe that this object is so aerodynamic that it is actually able to glide. A small object discovered in Central America (shown at right), estimated to be about 1,000 years old, is made of gold and could easily be mistaken for a model of a hang glider - or even a space shuttle. It even shows what the pilot's seat looks like.
#8 Giant Stone Balls of Costa Rica
Working people slashing and burning their way through the dense jungles of Costa Rica to clear an area for banana plantations in the 1930s stumbled upon some incredible objects: lots of stone balls, many of which were perfect spheres. They ranged in size from as small as a tennis ball to astonishing 8 feet in diameter and weighing 16 tons!
Although these are large stone balls, it is clear that they are artificial, it is not known who made them, for what purpose, and the most puzzling question is how they achieved such spherical accuracy.
#9 Impossible Fossils
Fossils as we taught in primary school, appear in rocks that were formed many thousands of years ago. Yet there are some fossils that make no geological or historical sense. A fossil of a human handprint, for example, was found in limestone estimated to be roughly 110 million years old.
A fossil of a human finger found in the Canadian Arctic also dates back to 100 - 110 million years ago. As well as a fossil of a human footprint that may have been wearing a sandal was found near Delta, Utah in a shale clay deposit estimated to be 300 to 600 million years old.
#10 Out-of-Place Metal Objects
There were no humans at all even 65 million years ago, let alone those who could work with metal. So how can science explain the semi-ovoid metal pipes dug out of Cretaceous chalk 65 million years old in France?
In 1885, a block of coal was broken open when a metal cube was found, apparently crafted by intelligent hands. In 1912, employees at electrical factory broke a large separate piece of coal, from which iron powder fell!
The nail was found in a block of sandstone from the Mesozoic Era. And there are many more such anomalies.
What conclusions can we draw from these findings? Here are some options:- Intelligent people appeared much, much earlier than we imagined.
- Other intelligent beings and civilizations existed on earth far from our written history.
- Our dating methods are completely inaccurate, and that stone, charcoal, and fossil form is much earlier than we estimate.
In any case, these examples, and there are many more, should prompt any curious and open-minded scientist to re-examine and rethink the true history of life on Earth.
Since the time of Darwin, science has more or less succeeded in logically fitting and explaining most of the evolutionary processes that have taken place on Earth. Archaeologists, biologists, and many other ... scientists agree and are sure that already 400 - 250 thousand years ago, the beginnings of the current society flourished on our planet.
But archeology, you know, is such an unpredictable science, no, no, and it throws up new finds that do not fit into the generally accepted model neatly folded by scientists. We present you the 15 most mysterious artifacts that made the scientific world think about the correctness of existing theories.
Spheres from Klerksdorp
According to rough estimates, these mysterious artifacts are about 3 billion years old. They are disc-shaped and spherical objects. Corrugated balls are of two types: one of bluish metal, monolithic, interspersed with white matter, the other, on the contrary, is hollow, and the cavity is filled with white spongy material. Nobody knows the exact number of spheres, since miners with the help of kmd still continue to extract them from a rock near the city of Klerksdorp, located in South Africa.
Drop Stones
In the mountains of Bayan-Kara-Ula, which are located in China, a unique find was made, the age of which is 10-12 thousand years. Drop stones, numbering in the hundreds, are like gramophone records. These are stone discs with a hole in the middle and a spiral engraving applied to the surface. Some scientists tend to believe that the disks serve as carriers of information about an extraterrestrial civilization.
Antikythera mechanism
In 1901, the Aegean Sea revealed to scientists the mystery of a sunken Roman ship. Among other surviving antiquities, a mysterious mechanical artifact was found, which was made about 2000 years ago. Scientists managed to recreate the most complex and innovative invention for that time. The Antikythera mechanism was used by the Romans for astronomical calculations. Interestingly, the differential gear used in it was invented only in the 16th century, and the skillfulness of miniature parts from which the amazing device was assembled is not inferior to the skill of watchmakers of the 18th century.
Unique stones were discovered in the Peruvian province of Ica by the surgeon Javier Cabrera. Ica stones are processed volcanic rock covered with engravings. But the whole mystery is that among the images there are dinosaurs (brontosaurs, pterosaurs and triceraptors). Perhaps, despite all the arguments of scientific anthropologists, the ancestors of modern man were already flourishing and engaged in creativity at the time when these giants roamed the earth?
Baghdad Battery
In 1936, a strange-looking vessel was found in Baghdad, sealed with a concrete plug. Inside the mysterious artifact was a metal rod. Subsequent experiments showed that the vessel performed the function of an ancient battery, since by filling a structure similar to the Baghdad battery with electrolyte available for that time, it is possible to get electricity of 1 V. Now you can argue who owns the title of the founder of the doctrine of electricity, because the Baghdad battery is 2000 years older than Alessandro Volta.
Ancient "spark plug"
In the mountains of Coso in California, an expedition that was looking for new minerals found a strange artifact, with its appearance and properties, it strongly resembles a “spark plug”. Despite the dilapidation, one can confidently distinguish a ceramic cylinder, inside of which there is a magnetized metal two-millimeter rod. And the cylinder itself is enclosed in a copper hexagon. The age of the mysterious find will surprise even the most inveterate skeptic - it is more than 500,000 years old!
Stone balls of Costa Rica
Three hundred stone balls scattered along the coast of Costa Rica vary both in age (from 200 BC to 1500 AD) and in size. However, scientists are still not clear how exactly the ancient people made them and for what purposes.
Aircraft, tanks and submarines ancient egypt
There is no doubt that the Egyptians built the pyramids, but could the same inhabitants of Egypt have thought of constructing an airplane? Scientists have been asking this question since a mysterious artifact was discovered in one of the Egyptian caves in 1898. The shape of the device is similar to an airplane, and, given its initial speed, it could well fly. The fact that in the era of the New Kingdom the Egyptians knew such technical inventions as an airship, a helicopter and a submarine is told by a fresco on the ceiling of a temple located near Cairo.
Human palm print, 110 million years old
And this is not at all an age for humanity, if we take and add here such a mysterious artifact as a petrified finger from the Arctic part of Canada, man-owned and having the same age. And the footprint found in Utah, and not just a foot, but shod in a sandal, is 300-600 million years old! You wonder, so when did humanity originate?
Metal pipes from Saint-Jean-de-Livet
The age of the rock from which the metal pipes were extracted is 65 million years, therefore, the artifact was made at the same time. Wow Iron Age. Another strange find was mined from a Scottish rock dating back to the lower Devonian period, that is, 360 - 408 million years ago. This mysterious artifact was a metal nail.
In 1844, the Englishman David Brewster reported that an iron nail had been found in a block of sandstone in one of the Scottish quarries. Its hat was so "grown" into the stone that it was not possible to suspect the falsification of the find, although the age of the sandstone, dating back to the Devonian period, is about 400 million years.
Already in our memory, in the second half of the twentieth century, a discovery was made, which scientists still cannot explain. Near the American town with the loud name of London, in the state of Texas, when splitting sandstone of the Ordovician period (Paleozoic, 500 million years ago), an iron hammer with the remains of a wooden handle was found. If we discard a person who did not exist at that time, it turns out that trilobites and dinosaurs smelted iron and used it in economic purposes. If we discard stupid mollusks, then we need to somehow explain the finds, for example, such as this one: in 1968, the French Druet and Salfati discovered in the quarries of Saint-Jean-de-Livet, in France, oval-shaped metal pipes, whose age, if dated by the Cretaceous layers, is 65 million years - the era of the last reptiles.
Or this one: in the middle of the 19th century, explosive work was carried out in Massachusetts, and a metal vessel was found among the fragments of stone blocks, which was torn in half by an explosive wave. It was a vase about 10 centimeters high, made of metal resembling zinc in color. The walls of the vessel were decorated with images of six flowers in the form of a bouquet. The rock, in which this outlandish vase was kept, belonged to the beginning of the Paleozoic (Cambrian), when life was barely born on earth - 600 million years ago.
Iron mug in the corner
It is not known what the scientist would say if, instead of the imprint of an ancient plant, in a coal block, he would find ... an iron mug. Would the coal seam be dated by humans from the Iron Age, or still, the Carboniferous, when there weren't even dinosaurs? But such an object was found, and until recently that mug was kept in one of the private museums in America, in South Missouri, although with the death of the owner, the trace of the scandalous object was lost, to the great, it should be noted, relief of pundits. However, the photograph remains.
The mug had the following document, signed by Frank Kenwood: “In 1912, when I was working at the municipal power plant in Thomas, Oklahoma, I came across a massive block of coal. It was too big and I had to smash it with a hammer. This iron mug fell out of a block, leaving behind a recess in the coal. An eyewitness of how I broke a block and how a mug fell out of it was an employee of the company named Jim Stoll. I managed to find out the origin of coal - it was mined in the mines of Wilburton, in Oklahoma. According to scientists, the coal mined in the mines of Oklahoma is 312 million years old, unless, of course, dating by a circle. Or did man live with trilobites - those shrimp of the past?
Foot on a trilobite
Fossilized trilobite. 300 million years ago!
Although there is a find that speaks precisely about this - a trilobite crushed by a shoe! The fossil was discovered by a passionate lover of shellfish, William Meister, who in 1968 examined the vicinity of Antelope Spring, in Utah. He split a piece of shale and saw the following picture (in the photo - a split stone).
One can see the imprint of the shoe of the right foot, under which there were two small trilobites. Scientists explain this by the play of nature, and are ready to believe in the discovery only if there is a whole chain of such traces. Meister is not a specialist, but a draftsman, in free time looking for antiquity, but his reasoning is sound: the imprint of the shoe was not found on the surface of hardened clay, but after splitting the piece: the chip fell along the imprint, along the border of the compaction caused by the pressure of the shoe. However, they do not want to talk to him: after all, man, according to evolutionary theory, did not live in the Cambrian period. There weren't even dinosaurs back then. Or... geochronology is false.
In 1922, American geologist John Reid conducted a search in the state of Nevada. Unexpectedly for himself, he found a clear imprint of the sole of the shoe on the stone. A photograph of this wonderful find is still preserved.
Also in 1922, an article by Dr. W. Ballou appeared in the New York Sunday American. He wrote: “Some time ago, the famous geologist John T. Reid, while searching for fossils, suddenly froze in embarrassment and surprise at the rock under his feet. There was what looked like a human print, but not of a bare foot, but of the sole of a shoe that had turned to stone. The forefoot is gone, but retains the contour of at least two-thirds of the outsole. A well-defined thread ran around the contour, which, as it turned out, attached the welt to the sole. This is how the fossil was found, which is today the biggest mystery for science, since it was found in a rock that is at least 5 million years old.
The geologist took the cut piece of rock to New York, where it was examined by several professors from the American Museum of Natural History and a geologist from Columbia University. Their conclusion was unequivocal: the rock is 200 million years old - the Mesozoic, the Triassic period. However, the imprint itself was recognized, both by these and by all other scientists, as a game of nature. Otherwise, one would have to admit that people in shoes sewn with thread lived with a number of dinosaurs.
Two mysterious cylinders
In 1993, Philip Reef was the owner of another amazing find. When tunneling in the mountains of California, two mysterious Cylinders were discovered, they resemble the so-called "cylinders of the Egyptian pharaohs."
But their properties are completely different from them. They consist half of platinum, half of an unknown metal. If they are heated, for example, to 50°C, they retain this temperature for several hours, regardless of the ambient temperature. Then they cool almost instantly to air temperature. If you pass through them electricity, then they change color from silver to black, and then again acquire the original color. Undoubtedly, the cylinders contain other secrets that have yet to be discovered. According to radiocarbon analysis, the age of these artifacts is about 25 million years.
Mayan crystal skulls
According to the most common story, the "Skull of Destiny" was found in 1927 by the English explorer Frederick A. Mitchell-Hedges among the Mayan ruins in Lubaantun (modern Belize).
Others claim that the scientist bought this object at Sotheby's in London in 1943. In any case, this rock crystal skull is so perfectly carved that it appears to be a priceless work of art.
So, if we consider the first hypothesis correct (according to which the skull is a Mayan creation), then a whole rain of questions falls upon us.
Scientists believe that the Skull of Destiny is, in some ways, technically impossible. Weighing almost 5 kg, and being a perfect copy of a female skull, it has a completeness that would not be possible without the use of more or less modern methods, methods that the Mayan culture owned and which we do not know about.
The skull is perfectly polished. Its jaw is a hinged part separate from the rest of the skull. It has long attracted (and probably will continue to do so to a somewhat lesser extent) specialists from various disciplines.
Mention should also be made of the relentless attribution by a group of esotericists of supernatural powers, such as telekinesis, the emission of an unusual fragrance, color changes. The existence of all these properties is difficult to prove.
The skull was subjected to various analyses. One of the inexplicable things is that, made of quartz glass, and therefore having a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale (a scale of hardness of minerals from 0 to 10), the skull could be carved without such hard cutting materials as ruby and diamond.
Skull studies conducted in the 1970s American company Hewlett-Packard determined that in order to achieve such perfection, it would have to be sanded for 300 years.
Could the Maya have deliberately designed this type of work, which was scheduled for completion in 3 centuries? We can only say with certainty that the Skull of Destiny is not the only one of its kind.
Several of these items have been found around the world and are made from other quartz-like materials. Among them is a whole jadeite skeleton found in the region of China/Mongolia, made on a smaller scale than a human, according to estimates, approx. in 3500-2200 BC.
There are doubts about the authenticity of many of these artifacts, but there is something that is certain: crystal skulls continue to delight daring scientists.
According to the interpretation of some fundamentalists, the Bible says that God created Adam and Eve several thousand years ago. Science reports that this is just fiction, and that man is a few million years old, and civilizations are tens of thousands of years old. However, could it be that conventional science is as wrong as the biblical stories? There is ample archaeological evidence that the history of life on Earth may be very different from what we are told today by geological and anthropological texts.
Consider the following amazing finds:
Corrugated Spheres
For the past few decades, miners in South Africa have been digging up mysterious metal balls. These balls of unknown origin are about an inch in diameter, and some of them are engraved with three parallel lines running along the axis of the object. Two types of balls have been found: one consists of a hard bluish metal with white spots, while the other is emptied from the inside and filled with a white spongy substance. Interestingly, the stone in which they were found belongs to the Precambrian period and dates back 2.8 billion years! Who made these spheres and why remains a mystery.
Artifact Koso
While searching for minerals in the mountains of California near Olancha in the winter of 1961, Wallace Lane, Virginia Maxey, and Mike Mikesell found what they thought was a geode—a nice addition to their gem shop. However, after cutting the stone, Mikesell found an object inside that looked like white porcelain. At its center was a shaft of shiny metal. The experts concluded that if it was a geode, it would have taken approximately 500,000 years to form, but the object inside was clearly a piece of human production.
Further examination determined that the porcelain was surrounded by a hexagonal body, and X-rays revealed a tiny spring at one end, similar to a spark plug. As you might have guessed, this artifact is surrounded by some controversy. Some argue that the object was not inside the geode, but was covered in hardened clay.
The find itself was identified by experts as a spark plug from the 1920s. Unfortunately, Koso's artifact has been lost and cannot be thoroughly studied. Is there a natural explanation for this phenomenon? Was it found, as the discoverer claimed, inside the geode? If this is true, how could a 1920s-era spark plug get inside a stone that is 500,000 years old?
Strange metal objects
Sixty-five million years ago there were no humans, let alone anyone who could work with metal. In that case, how does science explain semi-oval metal pipes dug in France from Cretaceous chalk?
In 1885, when a piece of coal was broken, a metal cube was discovered, clearly processed by a craftsman. In 1912, power station workers broke a large piece of coal from which an iron pot fell out. A nail was found in a sandstone block from the Mesozoic era. There are many more such anomalies. How can these findings be explained? There are several options:
Intelligent people existed much earlier than we think
In our history, there is no data about other intelligent beings and civilizations that existed on our Earth
Our dating methods are completely inaccurate, and these rocks, charcoal, and fossils are forming much faster than we think today.
In any case, these examples - and there are many more - should prompt all curious and open-minded scientists to reexamine and rethink the history of life on Earth.
Footprint on granite
This fossil footprint was discovered in a seam of coal in Fisher Canyon, Nevada. According to estimates, the age of this coal is 15 million years!
And lest you think that this is a fossil of some animal, the shape of which resembles the sole of a modern boot, examination of the footprint under a microscope revealed clearly visible traces of a double seam line along the perimeter of the form. The footprint is about a size 13 and the right side of the heel appears to be more worn than the left.
How did the imprint of modern shoes 15 million years ago end up on a substance that later became coal? There are several options:
The trail was left recently and coal is not formed for millions of years (which science does not agree), or ...
Fifteen million years ago, there were people (or something like people for whom we have no historical data) walking around in shoes, or ...
The time travelers traveled back in time and inadvertently left a trail, or...
This is a well thought out gamble.
ancient footprint
Today, such footprints can be seen on any beach or muddy ground. But this footprint - clearly anatomically similar to that of a modern human - is frozen in stone, which is estimated to be about 290 million years old.
The discovery was made in 1987 in New Mexico by paleontologist Jerry McDonald. He also found traces of birds and animals, but found it difficult to explain how this modern trace appeared on the Permian rock, which, according to experts, is 290-248 million years old. According to modern scientific thinking, it was formed long before humans (or even birds and dinosaurs) appeared on this planet.
A 1992 Smithsonian Magazine article on the find noted that paleontologists refer to such anomalies as "problematica". In fact, for scientists they are big problems.
This is the white crow theory: all you have to do to prove that not all ravens are black is just to find one white one.
In the same way, to challenge the history of modern man (or perhaps our way of estimating the age of rock strata), we need to find a fossil like this. However, scientists simply shelve such artifacts, call them "problematica" and move on with their adamant beliefs, because reality is too inconvenient.
Is this the right science?
Ancient springs, screws and metal
They are similar to the items that can be found in the scrap box in any workshop.
Obviously, these artifacts were made by someone. However, this set of springs, hinges, spirals and other metal objects was discovered in layers of sedimentary rocks that are one hundred thousand years old! At that time, foundries were not very common.
Thousands of these things - some as small as a thousandth of an inch! – were discovered by gold miners in the Ural Mountains of Russia in the 1990s. Excavated from 3 to 40 feet deep in layers of earth dating back to the Upper Pleistocene period, these mysterious objects may have been created some 20,000 to 100,000 years ago.
Could they be proof of the existence of a long-lost but advanced civilization?
Metal rod in stone
How to explain the fact that the stone was formed around a mysterious metal rod?
Inside the hard black stone found by the stone collector Gillin Wang in China's Mazong Mountains, for unknown reasons, there was a metal rod of unknown origin.
The rod is threaded like a screw, indicating that the item was made, but the fact that it has been in the ground long enough for solid rock to form around it means that it must be millions of years old.
There were suggestions that the stone is a meteorite that fell to Earth from space, that is, the artifact may be of alien origin.
It is noteworthy that this is not the only case of finding metal screws in hard rocks; there are many other examples:
In the early 2000s, a strange stone was found on the outskirts of Moscow, inside of which were two objects similar to screws.
X-ray of another stone found in Russia found eight screws in it!
Williams fork
A man named John Williams said that he found this artifact while walking in a remote countryside. He was wearing shorts, and as he passed through the bushes, he looked down to see if he had scratched his legs. It was then that he noticed a strange stone.
The stone itself is ordinary - despite the fact that some manufactured thing is built into it. Whatever it is, it has three metal prongs sticking out of it, like it's some kind of fork.
The location where Williams found the artifact was, he said, "at least 25 feet from the nearest road (which was muddy and hard to see), no urban areas, industrial complexes, power plants, nuclear power plants, airports or hostilities (that I would have known about).
The stone consists of natural quartz and feldspar granite, and according to geology, such stones are not formed over decades, which would be required if the anomalous object was made by modern man. According to Williams, the stone was about a hundred thousand years old.
Who in those days could make such an object?
Aluminum artifact from Aiud
This five-pound, eight-inch long piece of solid, nearly pure aluminum would have been found in Romania in 1974. Workers digging a trench along the Mures River found several mastodon bones and this mysterious object, which still baffles scientists.
Apparently manufactured and not naturally occurring, the artifact was sent for analysis, which found the item to be 89 percent aluminum with traces of copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel, and other elements. In this form, aluminum does not exist in nature. It must have been manufactured, but such aluminum was not produced until the 1800s.
If the artifact is of the same age as the bones of the mastodon, this means that it is at least 11 thousand years old, because it was then that the last representatives of the mastodons died out. Analysis of the oxidized layer that covered the artifact determined that it is 300-400 years old - that is, it was created much earlier than the aluminum processing process was invented.
So who made this item? And what was it used for? There are those who immediately suggested the alien origin of the artifact ... however, the facts are still unknown.
It is strange (or maybe not) that the mysterious item was hidden somewhere and today it is not available for public viewing or further research.
Piri Reis Map
This map, rediscovered in a Turkish museum in 1929, is a mystery not only because of its amazing accuracy, but also because of what it depicts.
Drawn on the skin of a gazelle, the Piri Reis map is the only remaining part of the larger map. It was compiled in the 1500s, according to the inscription on the map itself, from other maps of the three hundredth year. But how is this possible if the map shows:
South America exactly located in relation to Africa
West coasts of North Africa and Europe, and east coast of Brazil
Most striking is the partially visible continent far to the South, where we know Antarctica is, although it was not discovered until 1820. Even more mysterious is that it is depicted in detail and without ice, although this land mass has been covered with ice for at least six thousand years.
Today, this artifact is also not available for public viewing.
petrified hammer
Near the city of London, Texas, in 1936, the head and part of the handle of a hammer were found.
The discovery was made by Mr. and Mrs. Khan near Red Bay when they noticed a piece of wood sticking out of a stone. In 1947, their son smashed the stone, revealing the head of a hammer inside.
For archaeologists, this tool presents a difficult task: the calcareous rock in which the artifact is located is estimated to be 110-115 million years old. wooden handle petrified like an ancient petrified tree, and the hammer head, made of solid iron, is of a comparatively modern type.
The only possible scientific explanation was given by John Cole, a researcher at the National Center for Science Education:
In 1985, the scientist wrote:
“The stone is real, and for someone unfamiliar with the geological process, it looks impressive. How could a modern artifact get stuck in Ordovician stone? The answer is that the stone does not belong to the Ordovician period. Minerals in solution can solidify around an object that has fallen into the solution, fallen into a crevice, or simply left on the ground, if the source rock (in this case, reportedly Ordovician) is chemically soluble.
In other words, the dissolved parts of the rock solidified around the modern hammer, which may be a miner's hammer from the 1800s.
And what do you think? A modern hammer...or an ancient civilization's hammer?
