What is the source of a constant magnetic field. permanent magnets. The magnetic field of permanent magnets. Earth's magnetic field
When connected to two parallel conductors electric current, they will attract or repel, depending on the direction (polarity) of the connected current. This is explained by the appearance of a special kind of matter around these conductors. This matter is called the magnetic field (MF). Magnetic force is the force with which conductors act on each other.
The theory of magnetism arose in antiquity, in the ancient civilization of Asia. In Magnesia, in the mountains, they found a special rock, pieces of which could be attracted to each other. By the name of the place, this breed was called "magnets". A bar magnet contains two poles. Its magnetic properties are especially pronounced at the poles.
A magnet hanging on a thread will show the sides of the horizon with its poles. Its poles will be turned north and south. The compass works on this principle. Opposite poles of two magnets attract and like poles repel.
Scientists have found that a magnetized needle, located near the conductor, deviates when an electric current passes through it. This suggests that an MF is formed around it.
The magnetic field affects:
Moving electric charges.
Substances called ferromagnets: iron, cast iron, their alloys.
Permanent magnets are bodies that have a common magnetic moment of charged particles (electrons).
1 - South pole of the magnet
2 - North pole of the magnet
3 - MP on the example of metal filings
4 - Direction magnetic field
Field lines appear when a permanent magnet approaches a paper sheet on which a layer of iron filings is poured. The figure clearly shows the places of the poles with oriented lines of force.
Magnetic field sources
- Electric field that changes with time.
- mobile charges.
- permanent magnets.
We have known permanent magnets since childhood. They were used as toys that attracted various metal parts. They were attached to the refrigerator, they were built into various toys.
Electric charges that are in motion most often have more magnetic energy than permanent magnets.
Properties
- chief hallmark and the property of the magnetic field is relativity. If a charged body is left motionless in a certain frame of reference, and a magnetic needle is placed nearby, then it will point to the north, and at the same time it will not “feel” an extraneous field, except for the earth's field. And if the charged body begins to move near the arrow, then magnetic field will appear around the body. As a result, it becomes clear that the MF is formed only when a certain charge moves.
- The magnetic field is able to influence and influence the electric current. It can be detected by monitoring the movement of charged electrons. In a magnetic field, particles with a charge will deviate, conductors with a flowing current will move. The current-powered frame will rotate, and the magnetized materials will move a certain distance. The compass needle is most often painted in Blue colour. It is a strip of magnetized steel. The compass is always oriented to the north, since the Earth has a magnetic field. The whole planet is like a big magnet with its poles.
The magnetic field is not perceived by human organs, and can only be detected by special devices and sensors. It is variable and permanent. An alternating field is usually created by special inductors that operate on alternating current. A constant field is formed by a constant electric field.
Rules
Consider the basic rules for the image of a magnetic field for various conductors.
gimlet rule
The line of force is depicted in a plane, which is located at an angle of 90 0 to the current path so that at each point the force is directed tangentially to the line.
To determine the direction of magnetic forces, you need to remember the rule of a gimlet with a right-hand thread.
The gimlet must be positioned along the same axis as the current vector, the handle must be rotated so that the gimlet moves in the direction of its direction. In this case, the orientation of the lines is determined by turning the handle of the gimlet.
Ring Gimlet Rule
The translational movement of the gimlet in the conductor, made in the form of a ring, shows how the induction is oriented, the rotation coincides with the current flow.
The lines of force have their continuation inside the magnet and cannot be open.
A magnetic field different sources summed up with each other. In doing so, they create a common field.
Magnets with the same pole repel each other, while those with different poles attract. The value of the strength of interaction depends on the distance between them. As the poles approach, the force increases.
Magnetic field parameters
- Stream chaining ( Ψ ).
- Magnetic induction vector ( IN).
- Magnetic flux ( F).
The intensity of the magnetic field is calculated by the size of the magnetic induction vector, which depends on the force F, and is formed by the current I through a conductor having a length l: V \u003d F / (I * l).
Magnetic induction is measured in Tesla (Tl), in honor of the scientist who studied the phenomena of magnetism and dealt with their calculation methods. 1 T is equal to the induction of the magnetic flux by the force 1 N on length 1m straight conductor at an angle 90 0 to the direction of the field, with a flowing current of one ampere:
1 T = 1 x H / (A x m).
left hand rule
The rule finds the direction of the magnetic induction vector.
If the palm of the left hand is placed in the field so that the magnetic field lines enter the palm from the north pole at 90 0, and 4 fingers are placed along the current, thumb shows the direction of the magnetic force.
If the conductor is at a different angle, then the force will directly depend on the current and the projection of the conductor onto a plane at a right angle.
The force does not depend on the type of conductor material and its cross section. If there is no conductor, and the charges move in another medium, then the force will not change.
When the direction of the magnetic field vector in one direction of one magnitude, the field is called uniform. Different environments affect the size of the induction vector.
magnetic flux
Magnetic induction passing through a certain area S and limited by this area is a magnetic flux.
If the area has a slope at some angle α to the line of induction, magnetic flux decreases by the size of the cosine of this angle. Its greatest value is formed when the area is at right angles to the magnetic induction:
F \u003d B * S.
Magnetic flux is measured in a unit such as "weber", which is equal to the flow of induction by the value 1 T by area in 1 m 2.
Flux linkage
This concept is used to create general meaning magnetic flux, which is created from a certain number of conductors located between the magnetic poles.
When the same current I flows through the winding with the number of turns n, the total magnetic flux formed by all the turns is the flux linkage.
Flux linkage Ψ measured in webers, and is equal to: Ψ = n * F.
Magnetic properties
Permeability determines how much the magnetic field in a particular medium is lower or higher than the field induction in a vacuum. A substance is said to be magnetized if it has its own magnetic field. When a substance is placed in a magnetic field, it becomes magnetized.
Scientists have determined the reason why bodies acquire magnetic properties. According to the hypothesis of scientists, there are electric currents of microscopic magnitude inside substances. An electron has its own magnetic moment, which has a quantum nature, moves along a certain orbit in atoms. It is these small currents that determine the magnetic properties.
If the currents move randomly, then the magnetic fields caused by them are self-compensating. The external field makes the currents ordered, so a magnetic field is formed. This is the magnetization of the substance.
Various substances can be divided according to the properties of interaction with magnetic fields.
They are divided into groups:
Paramagnets- substances that have magnetization properties in the direction external field having a low possibility of magnetism. They have a positive field strength. Such substances include ferric chloride, manganese, platinum, etc.
Ferrimagnets- substances with magnetic moments unbalanced in direction and value. They are characterized by the presence of uncompensated antiferromagnetism. Field strength and temperature affect their magnetic susceptibility (various oxides).
ferromagnets- substances with increased positive susceptibility, depending on the intensity and temperature (crystals of cobalt, nickel, etc.).
Diamagnets- have the property of magnetization in the opposite direction of the external field, that is, a negative value of magnetic susceptibility, independent of the intensity. In the absence of a field, this substance will not have magnetic properties. These substances include: silver, bismuth, nitrogen, zinc, hydrogen and other substances.
Antiferromagnets
- have a balanced magnetic moment, resulting in a low degree of magnetization of the substance. When heated, they undergo a phase transition of the substance, in which paramagnetic properties arise. When the temperature drops below a certain limit, such properties will not appear (chromium, manganese).
The considered magnets are also classified into two more categories:
Soft magnetic materials
. They have low coercive force. In weak magnetic fields, they can saturate. During the process of magnetization reversal, they have insignificant losses. As a result, such materials are used for the production of cores. electrical devices operating on alternating voltage ( , generator, ).
hard magnetic materials. They have an increased value of coercive force. To remagnetize them, a strong magnetic field is required. These materials are used in the production permanent magnets.
The magnetic properties of various substances find their use in technical designs and inventions.
Magnetic circuits
The combination of several magnetic substances is called a magnetic circuit. They are similarities and are determined by analogous laws of mathematics.
On the base magnetic circuits operate electrical devices, inductance, . In a functioning electromagnet, the flow flows through a magnetic circuit made of a ferromagnetic material and air, which is not a ferromagnet. The combination of these components is a magnetic circuit. Many electrical devices contain magnetic circuits in their design.
well known wide application magnetic field at home, at work and in scientific research. Suffice it to name such devices as alternators, electric motors, relays, accelerators. elementary particles and various sensors. Let us consider in more detail what a magnetic field is and how it is formed.
What is a magnetic field - definition
A magnetic field is a force field acting on moving charged particles. The size of the magnetic field depends on the rate of its change. According to this feature, two types of magnetic field are distinguished: dynamic and gravitational.
The gravitational magnetic field arises only near elementary particles and is formed depending on the features of their structure. The sources of a dynamic magnetic field are moving electric charges or charged bodies, current-carrying conductors, as well as magnetized substances.
Magnetic field properties
The great French scientist André Ampere managed to find out two fundamental properties of the magnetic field:
- The main difference between a magnetic field and an electric field and its main property is that it is relative. If you take a charged body, leave it motionless in any frame of reference, and place a magnetic needle nearby, it will, as usual, point north. That is, it will not detect any field other than the earth's. If you start moving this charged body relative to the arrow, then it will begin to turn - this indicates that when the charged body moves, a magnetic field also arises, in addition to the electric one. Thus, a magnetic field appears if and only if there is a moving charge.
- The magnetic field acts on another electric current. So, you can detect it by tracing the movement of charged particles - in a magnetic field they will deviate, conductors with current will move, the frame with current will turn, magnetized substances will shift. Here we should recall the magnetic compass needle, usually painted blue, because it is just a piece of magnetized iron. It always points north because the Earth has a magnetic field. Our entire planet is a huge magnet: the South Magnetic Belt is located at the North Pole, and the North Magnetic Pole is located at the South Geographic Pole.
In addition, the properties of the magnetic field include the following characteristics:
- The strength of the magnetic field is described by magnetic induction - this is a vector quantity that determines the strength with which the magnetic field affects moving charges.
- The magnetic field can be of constant and variable type. The first is generated by an electric field that does not change in time, the induction of such a field is also unchanged. The second is most often generated using inductors powered by alternating current.
- The magnetic field cannot be perceived by the human senses and is recorded only by special sensors.
If an electric current is passed through iron, then the iron will acquire magnetic properties for the duration of the passage of the current. Some substances, for example, hardened steel and a number of alloys, do not lose their magnetic properties even after the current is turned off, unlike electromagnets.
Such bodies that retain magnetization for a long time are called permanent magnets. People first learned how to extract permanent magnets from natural magnets - magnetic iron ore, and then they learned how to make them themselves from other substances, artificially magnetizing them.
Magnetic field of a permanent magnet
Permanent magnets have two poles, called north and south magnetic fields. Between these poles, the magnetic field is located in the form of closed lines directed from the north pole to the south. The magnetic field of a permanent magnet acts on metal objects and other magnets.
If you bring two magnets to each other with the same poles, they will repel each other. And if different names, then attract. The magnetic lines of opposite charges in this case, as it were, are closed on each other.
If, however, it enters the field of a magnet metal object, then the magnet magnetizes it, and the metal object itself becomes a magnet. It is attracted by its opposite pole to the magnet, so the metal bodies seem to "stick" to the magnets.
Earth's magnetic field and magnetic storms
Not only magnets have a magnetic field, but also our home planet. The magnetic field of the Earth determines the operation of compasses, which since ancient times have been used by people to navigate the terrain. Earth, like any other magnet, has two poles - north and south. The Earth's magnetic poles are close to the geographic poles.
The lines of force of the Earth's magnetic field "exit" from the north pole of the Earth and "enter" at the location of the south pole. Physics confirms the existence of the Earth's magnetic field experimentally, but cannot fully explain it yet. It is believed that the reason for the existence of terrestrial magnetism is the currents flowing inside the Earth and in the atmosphere.
From time to time there are so-called "magnetic storms". Due to solar activity and emissions of streams of charged particles by the Sun, the Earth's magnetic field changes for a short time. In this regard, the compass may behave strangely, the transmission of various electromagnetic signals in the atmosphere is disrupted.
Such storms can be distressing to some sensitive people, as the disruption of normal earthly magnetism causes minor changes in a rather delicate instrument, our body. It is believed that with the help of terrestrial magnetism they find their way home. migratory birds and migratory animals.
In some places on the Earth, there are areas where the compass does not consistently point north. Such places are called anomalies. Such anomalies are most often explained by huge deposits of iron ore at shallow depths, which distort the natural magnetic field of the Earth.
Just like resting electric charge acts on another charge through electric field, an electric current acts on another current through magnetic field. The action of a magnetic field on permanent magnets is reduced to its action on charges moving in the atoms of a substance and creating microscopic circular currents.
Doctrine of electromagnetism based on two assumptions:
- the magnetic field acts on moving charges and currents;
- a magnetic field arises around currents and moving charges.
Interaction of magnets
Permanent magnet(or magnetic needle) is oriented along the magnetic meridian of the Earth. The end pointing north is called north pole(N) and the opposite end is south pole(S). Approaching two magnets to each other, we note that their poles of the same name repel, and their opposite poles attract ( rice. 1 ).
If we separate the poles by cutting the permanent magnet into two parts, then we will find that each of them will also have two poles, i.e. will be a permanent magnet ( rice. 2 ). Both poles - north and south - are inseparable from each other, equal.
The magnetic field created by the Earth or permanent magnets is depicted, like the electric field, by magnetic lines of force. picture lines of force The magnetic field of any magnet can be obtained by placing a sheet of paper over it, on which iron filings are poured in a uniform layer. Getting into a magnetic field, the sawdust is magnetized - each of them has a north and south poles. Opposite poles tend to approach each other, but this is prevented by the friction of sawdust on paper. If you tap the paper with your finger, the friction will decrease and the filings will be attracted to each other, forming chains that represent the lines of a magnetic field.
On rice. 3 shows the location in the field of a direct magnet of sawdust and small magnetic arrows indicating the direction of the magnetic field lines. For this direction, the direction of the north pole of the magnetic needle is taken.
Oersted's experience. Magnetic field current 
IN early XIX V. Danish scientist Oersted made an important discovery by discovering action of electric current on permanent magnets . He placed a long wire near the magnetic needle. When a current was passed through the wire, the arrow turned, trying to be perpendicular to it ( rice. 4 ). This could be explained by the appearance of a magnetic field around the conductor.
The magnetic lines of force of the field created by a direct conductor with current are concentric circles located in a plane perpendicular to it, with centers at the point through which the current passes ( rice. 5 ). The direction of the lines is determined by the right screw rule:
If the screw is rotated in the direction of the field lines, it will move in the direction of the current in the conductor .
The force characteristic of the magnetic field is magnetic induction vector B . At each point, it is directed tangentially to the field line. Electric field lines start at positive charges and end in negative, and the force acting in this field on the charge is directed tangentially to the line at each of its points. Unlike the electric field, the lines of the magnetic field are closed, which is due to the absence of “magnetic charges” in nature.
The magnetic field of the current is fundamentally no different from the field created by a permanent magnet. In this sense, an analogue of a flat magnet is a long solenoid - a coil of wire, the length of which is much greater than its diameter. The diagram of the lines of the magnetic field he created, depicted in rice. 6 , similar to that for a flat magnet ( rice. 3 ). The circles indicate the sections of the wire forming the solenoid winding. The currents flowing through the wire from the observer are indicated by crosses, and the currents in the opposite direction - towards the observer - are indicated by dots. The same designations are accepted for magnetic field lines when they are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing ( rice. 7 a, b).
The direction of the current in the solenoid winding and the direction of the magnetic field lines inside it are also related by the right screw rule, which in this case is formulated as follows:
If you look along the axis of the solenoid, then the current flowing in the clockwise direction creates a magnetic field in it, the direction of which coincides with the direction of movement of the right screw ( rice. 8 )
Based on this rule, it is easy to figure out that the solenoid shown in rice. 6 , its right end is the north pole, and its left end is the south pole.
The magnetic field inside the solenoid is homogeneous - the magnetic induction vector has a constant value there (B = const). In this respect, the solenoid is similar to a flat capacitor, inside which a uniform electric field is created.
The force acting in a magnetic field on a conductor with current
It was experimentally established that a force acts on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. In a uniform field, a rectilinear conductor of length l, through which current I flows, located perpendicular to the field vector B, experiences the force: F = I l B .
The direction of the force is determined left hand rule:
If the four outstretched fingers of the left hand are placed in the direction of the current in the conductor, and the palm is perpendicular to the vector B, then the retracted thumb will indicate the direction of the force acting on the conductor (rice. 9 ).
It should be noted that the force acting on a conductor with current in a magnetic field is not directed tangentially to its lines of force, like an electric force, but perpendicular to them. A conductor located along the lines of force is not affected by the magnetic force.
The equation F = IlB allows to give a quantitative characteristic of the magnetic field induction.
Attitude 
does not depend on the properties of the conductor and characterizes the magnetic field itself.
The module of the magnetic induction vector B is numerically equal to the force acting on a conductor of unit length located perpendicular to it, through which a current of one ampere flows.
In the SI system, the unit of magnetic field induction is tesla (T):
A magnetic field. Tables, diagrams, formulas
(Interaction of magnets, Oersted experiment, magnetic induction vector, vector direction, superposition principle. Graphic representation of magnetic fields, magnetic induction lines. Magnetic flux, energy characteristic of the field. Magnetic forces, Ampere force, Lorentz force. Movement of charged particles in a magnetic field. Magnetic properties of matter, Ampère's hypothesis)
To understand what is a characteristic of a magnetic field, many phenomena should be defined. At the same time, you need to remember in advance how and why it appears. Find out what is the power characteristic of a magnetic field. It is also important that such a field can occur not only in magnets. In this regard, it does not hurt to mention the characteristics of the earth's magnetic field.
Emergence of the field
To begin with, it is necessary to describe the appearance of the field. After that, you can describe the magnetic field and its characteristics. It appears during the movement of charged particles. Can affect especially conductive conductors. The interaction between a magnetic field and moving charges, or conductors through which current flows, occurs due to forces called electromagnetic.
The intensity or power characteristic of the magnetic field at a certain spatial point is determined using magnetic induction. The latter is denoted by the symbol B.
Graphical representation of the field
The magnetic field and its characteristics can be represented graphically using induction lines. This definition is called lines, the tangents to which at any point will coincide with the direction of the vector y of the magnetic induction.
These lines are included in the characteristics of the magnetic field and are used to determine its direction and intensity. The higher the intensity of the magnetic field, the more data lines will be drawn.
What are magnetic lines
The magnetic lines of straight conductors with current have the shape of a concentric circle, the center of which is located on the axis of this conductor. The direction of the magnetic lines near the conductors with current is determined by the rule of the gimlet, which sounds like this: if the gimlet is located so that it will be screwed into the conductor in the direction of the current, then the direction of rotation of the handle corresponds to the direction of the magnetic lines.
For a coil with current, the direction of the magnetic field will also be determined by the gimlet rule. It is also required to rotate the handle in the direction of the current in the turns of the solenoid. The direction of the lines of magnetic induction will correspond to the direction of the translational movement of the gimlet.
It is the main characteristic of the magnetic field.
Created by one current, under equal conditions, the field will differ in its intensity in different media due to the different magnetic properties in these substances. The magnetic properties of the medium are characterized by absolute magnetic permeability. It is measured in henries per meter (g/m).
The characteristic of the magnetic field includes the absolute magnetic permeability of the vacuum, called the magnetic constant. The value that determines how many times the absolute magnetic permeability of the medium will differ from the constant is called the relative magnetic permeability.
Magnetic permeability of substances
This is a dimensionless quantity. Substances with a permeability value of less than one are called diamagnetic. In these substances, the field will be weaker than in vacuum. These properties are present in hydrogen, water, quartz, silver, etc.
Media with a magnetic permeability greater than unity are called paramagnetic. In these substances, the field will be stronger than in vacuum. These media and substances include air, aluminum, oxygen, platinum.
In the case of paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances, the value of magnetic permeability will not depend on the voltage of the external, magnetizing field. This means that the value is constant for a particular substance.
Ferromagnets belong to a special group. For these substances, the magnetic permeability will reach several thousand or more. These substances, which have the property of being magnetized and amplifying the magnetic field, are widely used in electrical engineering.
Field strength
To determine the characteristics of the magnetic field, together with the magnetic induction vector, a value called the magnetic field strength can be used. This term defines the intensity of the external magnetic field. The direction of the magnetic field in a medium with the same properties in all directions, the intensity vector will coincide with the magnetic induction vector at the field point.
The strengths of ferromagnets are explained by the presence in them of arbitrarily magnetized small parts, which can be represented as small magnets.
In the absence of a magnetic field, a ferromagnetic substance may not have pronounced magnetic properties, since the domain fields acquire different orientations, and their total magnetic field is zero.
According to the main characteristic of the magnetic field, if a ferromagnet is placed in an external magnetic field, for example, in a coil with current, then under the influence of the external field, the domains will turn in the direction of the external field. Moreover, the magnetic field at the coil will increase, and the magnetic induction will increase. If the external field is sufficiently weak, then only a part of all domains whose magnetic fields approach the direction of the external field will flip over. As the strength of the external field increases, the number of rotated domains will increase, and at a certain value of the external field voltage, almost all parts will be rotated so that the magnetic fields are located in the direction of the external field. This state is called magnetic saturation.
Relationship between magnetic induction and intensity
The relationship between the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic substance and the strength of an external field can be depicted using a graph called the magnetization curve. At the bend of the curve graph, the rate of increase in magnetic induction decreases. After a bend, where the tension reaches a certain value, saturation occurs, and the curve slightly rises, gradually acquiring the shape of a straight line. In this section, the induction is still growing, but rather slowly and only due to an increase in the strength of the external field.
The graphical dependence of these indicators is not direct, which means that their ratio is not constant, and the magnetic permeability of the material is not a constant indicator, but depends on the external field.
Changes in the magnetic properties of materials
With an increase in the current strength to full saturation in a coil with a ferromagnetic core and its subsequent decrease, the magnetization curve will not coincide with the demagnetization curve. With zero intensity, the magnetic induction will not have the same value, but will acquire some indicator called the residual magnetic induction. The situation with the lagging of magnetic induction from the magnetizing force is called hysteresis.
To completely demagnetize the ferromagnetic core in the coil, it is necessary to give a reverse current, which will create the necessary tension. For different ferromagnetic substances, a segment of different lengths is needed. The larger it is, the more energy is needed for demagnetization. The value at which the material is completely demagnetized is called the coercive force.
With a further increase in the current in the coil, the induction will again increase to the saturation index, but with a different direction of the magnetic lines. When demagnetizing in the opposite direction, residual induction will be obtained. The phenomenon of residual magnetism is used to create permanent magnets from substances with a high residual magnetism. From substances that have the ability to remagnetize, cores are created for electrical machines and devices.
left hand rule
The force acting on a conductor with current has a direction determined by the rule of the left hand: when the palm of the virgin hand is located in such a way that the magnetic lines enter it, and four fingers are extended in the direction of the current in the conductor, the bent thumb will indicate the direction of force. Given power perpendicular to the induction vector and current.
A current-carrying conductor moving in a magnetic field is considered a prototype of an electric motor, which changes electrical energy into mechanical.
Right hand rule
During the movement of the conductor in a magnetic field, an electromotive force is induced inside it, which has a value proportional to the magnetic induction, the length of the conductor involved and the speed of its movement. This dependence is called electromagnetic induction. When determining the direction of the induced EMF in the conductor, the rule is used right hand: when the right hand is positioned in the same way as in the example from the left, the magnetic lines enter the palm, and the thumb indicates the direction of movement of the conductor, the outstretched fingers indicate the direction of the induced EMF. Moving in a magnetic flux under the influence of an external mechanical force A conductor is the simplest example of an electrical generator in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy.
It can be formulated differently: in a closed circuit, an EMF is induced, with any change in the magnetic flux covered by this circuit, the EDE in the circuit is numerically equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux that covers this circuit.
This form provides an average EMF indicator and indicates the dependence of the EMF not on the magnetic flux, but on the rate of its change.
Lenz's Law
You also need to remember Lenz's law: the current induced by a change in the magnetic field passing through the circuit, with its magnetic field, prevents this change. If the turns of the coil are pierced by magnetic fluxes of different magnitudes, then the EMF induced on the whole coil is equal to the sum of the EMF in different turns. The sum of the magnetic fluxes of different turns of the coil is called flux linkage. The unit of measurement of this quantity, as well as the magnetic flux, is weber.
When the electric current in the circuit changes, the magnetic flux created by it also changes. However, according to the law electromagnetic induction, an EMF is induced inside the conductor. It appears in connection with a change in current in the conductor, therefore this phenomenon is called self-induction, and the EMF induced in the conductor is called self-induction EMF.
Flux linkage and magnetic flux depend not only on the strength of the current, but also on the size and shape of a given conductor, and the magnetic permeability of the surrounding substance.
conductor inductance
The coefficient of proportionality is called the inductance of the conductor. It denotes the ability of a conductor to create flux linkage when electricity passes through it. This is one of the main parameters of electrical circuits. For certain circuits, inductance is a constant. It will depend on the size of the contour, its configuration and the magnetic permeability of the medium. In this case, the current strength in the circuit and the magnetic flux will not matter.
The above definitions and phenomena provide an explanation of what a magnetic field is. The main characteristics of the magnetic field are also given, with the help of which it is possible to define this phenomenon.
