The color of joy or betrayal: the meaning of yellow. Yellow color - meaning, application, combination
Yellow is the basic color, because it shows the need of the individual to open up. And everyone knows that it is through creative disclosure that one can achieve happiness, positive emotions and gain hope. Yellow seems to look into the future, giving relaxation and freedom, a life in which there are no difficulties with restrictions.
You can learn a more detailed description of the yellow tint in psychology from this material.
People have been studying the characteristics of colors since ancient times. They found a connection with otherworldly natural phenomena and then with divine beings.
Yellow was one of the most saturated hues, which differed in its own meaning. At first, the yellow hue corresponded to frozen sunlight, autumn, and fertile fields. However, at the same time, he personified diseases, death and the other world.
Initially, this shade symbolized power and divine power, for this reason, the robes of most of the mythical deities were yellow.
For example, the ancient Greek god of the Sun Helios traveled to people, exclusively sitting on a sun-colored chariot, which lit up yellow. And among the Hindus, the supreme deity Vishnu dressed in yellow robes. The cosmic egg of the main god Brahna was also golden.
The Chinese deity who created the kingdom of dragons had a similar appearance. Because of this, in the Chinese empire, the yellow tint was associated with imperial power and the commoner did not have the right to wear robes of this color.
Among the ancient Egyptians, the yellow tint symbolized the Sun and eternity, for this reason the priests decorated themselves with them when they performed various mystical rites.
And the ancient Egyptian god Ptah, who, according to ancient legends, created this world, was often depicted against a golden background. The divine Amunn-Ra was personified with a yellow solar disk. Besides, lemon color was the main attribute of the god Horus, and the goddess of love Hathor was known as the "Golden Goddess".
The maximum symbolism of the power of the king and his power, the yellow color acquired during the reign of the famous "Sun King" Louis XIV. However, its perception began to become negative already from the eighteenth century - the shade began to symbolize a disease (jaundice and plague), as well as betrayal and deceit.
What does yellow represent today?
For the most part, the yellow tint has a positive start. The association of pale yellow is daylight, the sun, warm energy and summer.
The yellow-orange color of a magical golden hue symbolizes wealth, success and prosperity. But the most basic meaning of this shade, of course, is activity. Due to its bright and rich energy, color is literally able to inspire to perform various actions, activates the process of movement and bestows energy.
At the same time, saturated yellow also has negative properties. So, for example, its blinding radiance often associates greed and stinginess. Also, often yellow can tell about jealousy, envy and meanness. In addition, many call it the color of betrayal and betrayal. Residents of some Asian states associate death and mourning with a yellow tint.
What does yellow mean in psychology
Psychologists, first of all, call yellow responsible for intellectual activity. According to numerous studies, it was found that this particular color has an activating effect on those areas of the brain that are associated with memory and thinking.
Scientists have proven that as a result of regular moderate perception of yellow, the mental performance, a person remembers more information, plus the speed of mental operations increases.
Based on this information, psychology experts have been able to determine that yellow makes learning easier and more effective. This color feature can be used when you decorate the interior, for example, your baby's room or for an auditorium at the university.
In addition, psychologists actively use the yellow tint in medical therapy. This color helps eliminate chronic fatigue, apathy, psycho-emotional exhaustion and even mild depression. It also has a positive effect on the digestive and nervous systems.
But lemon tint can be both beneficial and harmful. For example, in large quantities, yellow causes hidden pathologies of the nervous system, in particular, psychiatric disorders (for example, schizophrenia).
How useful is the "yellow wizard" for people?
Yellow has many valuable properties, namely:
- normalizes weight (increases the production of digestive juice, which is necessary for digestion);
- helps to cleanse the human body of toxins;
- it is indicated to wear yellow things to those individuals who suffer from insecurity in own forces Because it boosts self-esteem. And he also changes the phrases “impossible” to “possible”, which makes a person even more confident in his own abilities. It is not surprising that fans of this shade are distinguished by adequate conceit, and also by activity and activity.
Those who prefer to focus on yellow have a highly developed sixth sense and enjoy basking in the public eye. In addition, yellow provides cheerfulness and mobility, teaches quick decision-making and a better understanding of other people.
Characteristics of different shades of yellow
Yellow is represented in a fairly extensive color palette which should be given special attention:
- honey tone (a combination of brown and yellow) - symbolizes the need to be happy;
- yellow-red - indicates destruction, impulsiveness and spontaneity. But on the other hand, it will also tell about joyful emotions;
- those persons who give their preference to lemon yellow have out of the box thinking are very critical and perceptive. But they suffer from sexual disorders;
- fans of pale yellow color - responsibility scares;
- and if you are crazy about a brown-yellow hue, you need pleasure and simple human happiness;
- considering the golden color, it must be said that it fills a person with wisdom, new experience, psychological maturity and vitality. The negative side of the coin - leads to dishonor and narrow-mindedness. Be that as it may, gold has always pleased the human eye, which can give most people some sense of happiness.
Scientific experts are sure that it is the yellow color that contributes to the awakening of people's intellectual interest in objective reality. Most likely, this is why it is not liked by those who like to drink alcohol. But, you need to take into account the fact that the shade of lemon often leads to dizziness and hallucinations.
In the body, this color is assigned to the gastrointestinal tract. It is for this reason that it is recommended to be used when the stomach, spleen, liver and gallbladder are damaged. Are you on a diet? In this case, you should stock up on something yellow - mugs, plates, cups, napkins or saucers. With the help of yellow, constipation is successfully eliminated.
The impact of yellow on human health
Yellow objects are visually associated with the lungs. This shade contributes to the expansion of space: such an object always looks like a big, but weightless. Also, all yellow things seem visually dry and warm. It is for this reason that a yellow chair, for example, will help you warm up faster than the same chair but of a different color.
What's wrong with this shade? As we mentioned earlier, in excess, the yellow tint tends to tire: it makes you want to run away and hide. And a long stay in the yellow room can lead to headaches. Interaction with cold yellow tones leads to vomiting and nausea. But in general, an overabundance of lemon shade provokes neurosis, aggression and anxiety.
Now you know what a yellow tint means in psychology, for which individuals it is attractive, and also what its excessive use is fraught with.
Fortune telling today with the help of the Tarot "Card of the Day" layout!For correct divination: focus on the subconscious and do not think about anything for at least 1-2 minutes.
When you're ready, draw a card:
Handing a bouquet or a basket of yellow flowers, you can get bewilderment instead of admiration. However, if you want to make a nice gift and wait for warm, sincere words in response, focus on the meaning of yellow flowers when composing.
Yellow flowers and symbols
According to the language of flowers, bouquets are not at all a sign of withering feelings. On the contrary, they are given when the relationship has entered a phase of stability. The love that reigns in the heart of a gentleman who gave his lady a sunny bouquet is characterized by strength and sincerity.
It is curious that under Catherine II there was a “Register”, according to which yellow symbolized warmth and intelligence. Most often they are chosen as a gift by strong and positive personalities with a cheerful character, who do not care about life's hardships.
In Japanese culture, yellow bouquets are given if they wish the recipient well. This color in the country rising sun symbolizes light. The bright sunny shade is especially loved in the UK, where cloudy days traditionally reign. Yellow color also symbolizes wealth, success.
Who can give a yellow bouquet
Flowers of joyful and bright colors are generally given to young girls. But yellow flowers can also be used to dilute a beautiful composition, a wedding.
treat separately secret language colors are needed in relation to specific plant species. For example, yellow bouquets of tulips are given if a person experiences a strong feeling, and not reciprocated. Tulips can also speak of admiration for loved ones. Yellow orchids symbolize joy, and sunny-colored chrysanthemums speak of well-being, roses - of wealth, happiness, joy. Therefore, wishing a loved one all the best, by all means choose flowers of a sunny shade - as part of a bouquet or separately.
The lily also carries an emotional meaning, and this flower is twofold, because it can tell both about gratitude and frivolity, lies. A yellow carnation can mean disappointment and even neglect. The sunflower symbolizes the purity of thoughts.
When choosing a bouquet of flowers or a floral composition, be sure to consult with a specialist who is appropriate for yellow color in this case Or should I replace it with a different shade. Do not forget about the harmony of the bouquet, the combination of different shades.
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This is the most bright color that the human eye can see. The meaning of yellow is - m youth, fun, joy, sunshine, and other happy feelings. It is a cheerful and energetic color. The yellow shade is often used for children's toys and clothes. I recommend adding our useful resource site to your bookmarks so as not to miss the latest information.
Before you continue, I would like to encourage you to take a look at a couple of my popular random posts. For example, what does Charismatic mean, who is called Self-sufficient, what is Glamor, how to understand the expression At dawn, etc.
So let's continue yellow color meaning in psychology?
Yellow is often difficult to read when printed on a white background, so designers must be careful when using this hue. Although yellow is bright and cheerful, it can quickly become dirty and unpleasant. This happens when it range shifts to dark shades, and it starts to look untidy.
The color yellow is directly related to learning. The fact is that it resonates with the left (or logical) side of the brain, stimulating our logical abilities and perception. The color yellow indulges mental activity and kindles curiosity. This shade contributes to an increase in creative activity, helping to give birth to new ideas. Yellow color develops our ingenuity, helping us find a way out of rather difficult situations. Therefore, it can be recognized as contributing to the everyday side of life, but not to the development of fantasies.
Explore the meaning of yellow
yellow is best color, which stimulates enthusiasm, and can promote greater self-confidence and optimism. It helps to solve problems, especially psychological ones.In color psychology, yellow is known as the color of communication. This shade is suitable for excellent speakers, netizens, and journalists who "work" with their heads, not their hands. The color yellow is a sage who constantly analyzes things and methodically considers both sides of an issue before making a decision. People who prefer Yellow can work as entertainers, comedians and clowns.
Yellow promotes the emergence of new ideas, as well as helps clarity of thought. Yellow can also focus, study and remember information. This can be useful for students on an exam or when passing a test. The yellow tint can also cause anxiety as it quickly develops in life, making us nervous. This may be due to fear, cowardice or envy. You've probably heard of the term "sense of yellow"? Yellow also enhances analytical, mental abilities and skills, including self-criticism, as well as criticism of other people.
The color yellow is about itself
The color yellow helps to push emotions aside, while thoughts come directly from the logical part of the brain, and not from the heart. The value of yellow shows that he relies mainly on himself, and tries not to involve the emotional component. It's about our ego, our self-confidence, how we see ourselves, and how others see us.Serious changes are taking place in your life, and you will suddenly find that you cannot stand this color. This means that it is currently very difficult for you to cope with all the problems that have appeared in your life. After all, yellow has a too fast vibration, which makes you more tense. Add some green or orange to your life to rebalance the energies. It is worth mentioning that many elderly people react badly to large amounts of yellow. The reason is the same - vibration, which does not fit into the calm and measured rhythm of the life of the elderly.
yellow shades
- Dark yellow represents caution, jealousy, decay and disease.
- Light yellow is associated with intelligence, freshness and joy.
- Easier to make decisions and think clearly;
- Stimulates the nervous system;
- Enhances memory and concentration;
- Encourages communication.
- Young at heart, and in good mood;
- The golden color stands for intelligence, warmth, and that you want to live in comfort at all costs.
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Any color can be read as a word, or interpreted as a signal, sign, or symbol. The "reading" of color can be subjective, individual, or it can be collective, common to large social groups and cultural and historical regions. An exhaustive description of color symbolism would require a huge amount of textual material and for this reason is impossible on this site. Here we limit ourselves to the list symbolic meanings primary colors and give some typical examples.
Red
Means:
1. The tension of forces, the concentration of energy- hard work, struggle, war, conflicts, tragedy, drama, anger, cruelty, rage, passions.
On the expanses of endless waters, Cloaked in purple by the sunset, She broadcasts and sings, Unable to raise the confused wings ... The yoke of evil Tatars broadcasts, A series of bloody executions broadcasts, And a coward, and hunger, and a fire, Villainous strength, death of the right ... (A. Block)
The red color was the emblem of chaos destroying Russia (Andrey Bely).
2. magical effect- attracting a partner love magic), ensuring fertility, health, protection from evil spirits, demons, the evil eye, spoilage, illness, to decorate their appearance and habitat.
Multi-colored sleeves Ladies from the "high chambers" I see a lot ... But dearer to me than all one color: Scarlet paint of love! (Yamato Monogatari)
Rice soul spell to ensure its fertility:
Oh rice, I carefully awaken your soul... I touch your soul... We smear you with the blood of a rooster, a tinganga rooster, We rub you with a substitute, Taken from a rooster, from a rooster from a height... (E. V. Revunenkova, in the book: " Myths, cults…”)
3. Insignia in society- clothes and surroundings of the king, emperor, priests, warriors, judges, executioners, wizards, courtesans, revolutionaries ...
Then Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the scarlet robe. And Pilate said to them: Behold, Man! (Jn 19:5) And having undressed Him, they put on Him a purple robe and mocked Him, saying: Hail, King of the Jews! (Matthew 27-29)
4. - painting of temples and decorations in them, sacrifices to temples and sanctuaries, images of gods and saints, scenes from sacred books, religious emblems.
I invoke Agni as placed at the head, As a god of sacrifice, a priest As a hotar, who brings the greatest treasures... ... You soar with scarlet winds, Bringing blessings to the hearth... In your desired color, all beauties are seen at once... (Rigveda, Agni's anthem) In the eastern part of the dark invisible space The mother of cows raised (her) banner ... This youth sent down (to the earth) a radiance in the east. She harnesses a train of scarlet cows. Let it erupt now! Let him put up his banner! Let there be fire in every home! (Rig Veda, Ushas hymn) Who is this coming from Edom, in scarlet robes from Bosor, so majestic in his clothes, acting in the fullness of His power? “I who speak the truth, strong to save.” Why, then, is your garment red, and your robes, as those of one who trampled in a winepress? “I trod the winepress alone, and none of the nations was with me, and I trod on them in my anger and trampled them in my wrath; their blood splashed on my garments, and I stained all my garments; and I trampled down the nations in my anger, and crushed them in my wrath, and poured out their blood on the ground ”(Isaiah 63: 1-6) died at sea. The third angel poured out his bowl into the rivers and fountains of water: and there was blood ... Because they shed the blood of saints and prophets, You gave them blood to drink: they are worthy of it. (Rev. 16; 3-6)
5. The language of rituals- holidays, weddings, funerals, carnivals, processions, demonstrations, parades, purification.
- And to cleanse the house, he will take two birds, cedar wood, scarlet thread and hyssop, and kill one bird over an earthen vessel, over living water... - And he will cleanse the house with the blood of a bird and living water, and a living bird, and cedar wood, and hyssop and scarlet thread ... (Leviticus, 14; 49-52) The crimson color inspires joy in the heart, Sweetness is hidden in ruby wine. Crimson buds color the garden, Crimson sunrise, and bright scarlet sunset. For those whose lives are rich in joy, Lanites are bright, like the color of a pomegranate. Ibrahim's garden was in bloom, and Musa's fire burned like a sunset. (Amir Khosrov Dehlavi. Eight Gardens of Eden)
6. Signs and signals - danger, prohibition, sin, greed, ambition, pain; conditional color on emblems and heraldic signs.
…and I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast, full of blasphemous names, with seven heads and ten horns. And the woman was clothed in purple and scarlet, adorned with gold, precious stones and pearls, and held a golden cup in her hand, filled with abomination and the uncleanness of her fornication; and on her forehead was written a name: mystery, Babylon the great, mother of harlots and abominations of the earth. (Rev. 17, 3-5) On the breastplate of the high priest Aaron, a servant of the Tabernacle of the Assembly, there were four red stones - a ruby, a carbuncle, a yachont and a jasper - identification marks and talismans of the four tribes of Israel.
The state symbols and heraldry of many countries are very rich in red.
Yellow
Means:
1. States associated with positive energy: fun, relaxation of tension, joy, holiday, game, beauty.
The yellow slave from the fairy tales “1001 Nights” praises her beauty in such a way: “My color is dear in this world, like pure gold. And how many advantages I have, and the poet said about a similar one to me: Her yellowness shines like a beautiful color of the sun. She is equal to Dinara in appearance beautiful.
An Arab poet of the 9th century sings of the beauty of a woman dressed in a yellow dress:
She put on a yellow dress - and charmed us And captivated, conquered many hearts and eyes.
In Amir Khosrov Dehlavi's poem "Eight Gardens of Eden" main character The Shah visits the Yellow Palace on Sunday, the most joyful day of the week. At the conclusion of this chapter of the poem, the praise of yellow is sung:
The noblest color! Lovers have this color Lanita without an answer. Gold heals us from ailments, Because the color of saffron is poured in it. …and the sun, coming out from behind the mountains, Colors the expanse in gold. And fat pilaf on a dish smells spicy, Seasoned with a smile of saffron.
2. magical effect- immortality, happiness in marriage, treatment of diseases that cause yellowness of the body, a sign of the earth and the feminine yin.
In ancient China, the abode of the dead was called the "Yellow Keys", but the yellow crane was an allegory of immortality. (E. V. Zavadskaya, 1975). In India, the newlywed covers her hands with yellow in order to ensure happiness and unanimity in marriage. (D. Foley, Encyclopedia of Signs and Symbols, 1997).
Treatment of jaundice in ancient India: “... the basis of the magical operation was to drive the yellow color from the patient to yellow beings and objects to which the yellow color stuck, such as the sun. (The rite was accompanied by spells that sent "jaundice in the sun"). The same healing power was attributed to one yellow variety of jackdaws, and especially to its huge golden eyes. It was believed that if you look closely into her eyes and the bird responds with the same look, then the person will be cured - the disease will pass to the bird ... Pliny ... ascribes the same property to some yellow stone, similar in color to the complexion of the patient.
In Greece, this disease is still called the “golden disease” and a golden amulet or ring supposedly helps to cure it ... (D. Fraser. The Golden Bough).
3. Insignia in society- the clothes and headdress of the king, the ritual clothes of the priest, the signs of royal and priestly power - the rod, the orb, the cross ... Here, the yellow color is shown on precious textures and materials - such as gold, silk, brocade, gemstones.
The main Chinese demiurge god Huang-di was called the "Yellow Emperor" (E. V. Zavadskaya).
And David took the crown of their king from his head - and in it was gold a talent and a precious stone - and David placed it on his head ... (2 Sam. 12:30) And the king stretched out to Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand him, and Esther came and touched the end of the scepter. (Esther 5:2)
4. Language of communication with gods and spirits- glory, divine power, attribute of Apollo, Zeus, Chinese emperors, Roman victors, sacrifice to Allah, statues of Buddha and his saints, clothes of Buddhist preachers and monks; light, sun, God, wisdom, righteousness.
“And Musa said to his people: Behold, Allah orders you to slaughter a cow ... She is a yellow cow, her color is bright, she pleases those who look.” (Quran, sura 2). “And all the people took out the golden earrings from their ears, and brought them to Aaron. He took them out of their hands, and made of them a molten calf, and worked it with a chisel. And they said, Behold your God, O Israel, who brought you out of the land of Egypt! (Ex. 32:3, 4) “Golden apples in silver transparent vessels, a word well spoken. A gold earring and pure gold jewelry is a wise reprover for an attentive ear. (Prov. 25:11, 12).
5. The language of rituals- initiations, holidays, rituals, ceremonies.
Indian rite of passage into a disciple: “On the night before the ceremony, the boy was smeared with yellow powder and a silver ring was put on his forelock. After that, he was ordered to spend the whole night in absolute silence. It was a mystical rite that prepared the boy for his second birth. The yellow powder symbolized being in the womb, and absolute silence meant that the child again became, as it were, a dumb fetus. (R. B. Pandey, 1982).
In China, the Earth Festival was celebrated in yellow clothes (Sychev L.P., Sychev V.L., “Chinese costume”). On the altar of the Earth is honey-hued amber.
6. Signs and signals- a warning, a warning, yellow and black - a sign of prohibition, yellow in the form of gold - a sign of the high cost and high quality of the goods.
Yellow card - distrust, warning; "yellow acacia" in the language of flowers means "love is gone." In China, "yellow films" and "yellow literature" are pornographic products (D. Foley, p. 438)
"Yellow ticket" - an identity card for corrupt women.
In nineteenth-century England, the yellow hats of insolvent debtors, yellow rings on the raincoats of Jews from the ghetto.
7. Negative symbolism of yellow and gold- sin, betrayal, venality, madness, withering, sadness, decay, despair, illness.
Such expressions as the yellow press, yellow trade unions, the Yellow House are well known; "Yellow Jack" - the flag that was raised on ships as a sign of quarantine. In medieval Spain, heretics were dressed in yellow when burned at the stake of the Inquisition.
Judas Iscariot was portrayed in a yellow cloak as a Christ seller. In France, yellow was a sign of deceived husbands, cuckolds. A number of negative meanings of yellow are associated with the color of dying autumn foliage and a sad mood about the end of summer.
Japanese verses:
The branch that I broke for you turned yellow; Spring, and on it there is already a trace of autumn! (Manyoshu)
Anna Akhmatova: The circle from the lamp is yellow, I listen to the rustle. Why did you leave? I don't understand... From your mysterious love, As from pain, I scream, I've become yellow and convulsive, I can hardly drag my legs...
Sergey Yesenin:
I do not regret, I do not call, I do not cry, Everything will pass like smoke from white apple trees. Withering covered in gold, I won't be young anymore... ...They drink here again, fight and cry Under harmonics, yellow sadness...
S. Eisenstein quotes F. Portal:
“The Moors distinguished opposite symbols by two different nuances of yellow. Golden yellow meant "wise" and " good advice", and faded yellow - betrayal and deceit ... "
“In heraldry, gold stands for love, constancy and wisdom, and yellow stands for its opposite qualities: inconstancy, envy and adultery…”
A funny example of the negative influence of yellow on the fate of a person is found in Teffi's story "Life and the Collar". The yellow bow on the collar of her blouse turned a decent woman into a frivolous spendthrift and an unscrupulous liar.
However, examples of the negative symbolism of yellow are so numerous that the reader himself will add to this list.
Green
1. This is the color of vegetation; hence all its positive meanings: growth, spring revival of nature, hope (for the harvest), youth. The color of the Garden of Eden (Eden), an oasis in the desert, a Muslim paradise.
“The green color caresses at noon with a shadow, It gives peace to the soul and vision. And the grasses are green, and the darkness in the forests, Green light fluctuates in the eyes. Green color is the outfit of any garden, And for the jasmine, the stem is like a reward ”(Amir Khosrov Dehlavi)
In Japan, green is a symbol of spring agricultural rites (May ivy is a bed for participants in spring orgies); in Europe it is a sign of earthly love and hope: “Green clothe yourself, that is, the clothes of lovers,” writes the Sicilian Herald, author of a book on color. Cult-errant knight-errant beautiful lady must wear green. “And with the onset of May, I don’t want to see any other colors than green,” Gerold concludes. (quoted from the book by J. Huizinga "Autumn of the Middle Ages").
2. sacred symbols: in China - spring, tree, Jupiter, Green dragon; in the Middle East - Osiris, Tammuz, (Gods-cereals), in Greece - Demeter, Persephone (goddesses of fertility); in India - Buddhas from the kind of Karma, as well as a karmic type of person. In Christianity, it is a symbol of the earthly life of Christ and the saints. In Judaism, the signs of the two tribes of Israel.
One of the first Christian churches (and the most remarkable) is St. Sophia in Constantinople - built on pillars of green marble, which were taken by Byzantine builders from the temple of Diana in Ephesus.
And to all ages - the example of Justinian, When the Ephesian Diana allowed to steal for foreign gods One hundred and seven green marble pillars. (O. Mandelstam)
3. The language of communication between people: V ancient rome green color in men's clothes denoted effeminacy and unnatural inclinations; V modern times in Europe - irony, buffoonery, bourgeoisness (as a condemned property).
G. S. Knabe gives examples of the semantics of green in ancient Rome (in the book “Ancient Rome - History and Everyday Life”, 1986): “In the house of Trimalchio, where everything is absurd and unnatural, guests are met by a doorkeeper in a green tunic. A certain Boss, a roguish and impudent acquaintance of Martial, appeared at the theater "in a grass-colored dress." The reasons for this perception are obvious. Green ... was a "feminine" color, and the use of it in men's clothing was a sign of femininity, effeminacy, a hint of unnatural depravity. There was an expression "greenish (that is, pampered, perverted) morals."
Russian cubo-futurist Alexei Kruchenykh intentionally shocks the audience with his appearance:
I have an emerald-indecent every piece Suit: cut shocking. In the mouth is a hot cloud. Steel naughty Eros My flag is an infected rag There is no order in the eyes! ... I am not reflected in the mirror!
From the notebooks of A.P. Chekhov: When I get rich, I will open a harem for myself, in which I will have naked fat women with buttocks painted with green paint. (Works. Vol. XII, M. 1949)
V. Kandinsky about green: “... green in the realm of colors is the same as in the realm of people - the bourgeoisie: it is an immobile, completely satisfied with itself, limited on all sides. It is like a fat, hefty, motionless cow, capable only of chewing and chewing, and looking at the world with stupid, dull eyes. (“On the Spiritual in Art”)
4. magical effect. Best of all, the magical effect of green is manifested in an emerald. Academician A.E. Fersman writes about this in the book “Stories about gems”: “It is difficult to find another gem that would be valued more in ancient times than the emerald, the “stone of radiance” of the Greeks. ... The juicy green color of the emerald was deeply valued as an expression of life, youth and purity. He was credited with the possession of a mysterious power to heal ailments and bestow happiness.
This stone is sung by poets of all countries of the world. The color of the emerald, according to Indian legends, "imitates the color of the neck of a young parrot, young grass, water mud, iron and feather designs from the tail of a peacock." “Zmuri,” the Georgians called this stone, believing that it, like in a mirror, reflects all the secrets of the present and future.
The Roman scientist Pliny wrote that "this stone of nature is above all earthly blessings, that its beauty is more beautiful than the fragrance of a spring flower, and that it should not be allowed to touch the virgin features of the artist's chisel."
The French poet Remy Bello sings of the green beryl stone:
Green is the best, since it looks like a mountain emerald with its deep color. It is brought to us from the Indian shores, green and golden. There is nothing more useful for the spoiled eyes and liver of the patient; He cures shortness of breath, nausea, heart diseases - and he is also the only guardian of marriage bonds for women and men. He drives away laziness, he returns a friend, before him the haughty enemy is timid with fear ...
5. Negative symbols: decay, decay, demonism, disgust, malice, envy, longing, madness, horror of death. These meanings come from the color of mold, rotting organic matter, evil mythological animals (serpents, dragons), mysterious inhabitants of the forests (goblin, Green King), eyes of predatory nocturnal animals and birds, bitter poisonous herbs, as well as some human discharges, indicating illness. The expressions “green longing”, turned green with malice (or with envy), green snake (drunkenness) are well-known. Baudelaire’s she-devil is “a green-faced succubus”, F. G. Lorca’s: “the poison of the sunset is green, but I will drink the potion”; “My black-throated, black-throated… You were green as a madman, you shook the birds under the sky…” Description of the drowned woman from the poem “Somnambulistic Romance”: “Swaying from the green bottom of the pool, she looked - Silver hoarfrost of her eyes and green hair and body…”
The green color in the color of the human body (hair, eyes, etc.), of course, is shocking, since here it is unnatural. S. Baudelaire tells about Delacroix: “Once he came to visit, having previously dyed his own hair green, hoping to produce a great effect with this. “What is so special about this, my friend,” said the owner, “they are green for all people.”
S. Eisenstein writes about the symbolism of green: The color of the rebirth of the soul and wisdom, it simultaneously meant moral decline and madness.
The Swedish theosophist Swedenborg describes the eyes of madmen languishing in hell as green. One of the stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral represents the temptation of Christ; on it, Satan has green skin and huge green eyes ... The eye in symbolism means intelligence. A person can direct it to good or evil. Both Satan and Minerva - both madness and wisdom - were both portrayed with green eyes...
As A. Perrusho writes, the French artist Toulouse-Lautrec "saw something demonic in all shades of green."
In Indian poetics, green means disgust. You can read about this in D. Salinger's story "And Those Lips and Eyes Are Green."
In modern Russian science fiction literature, there is a noticeable tendency towards the negative semantization of green. In the stories of V. Pelevin, for example, the gates to the otherworldly "Workshop No. 1" are painted green, where the death of the worlds, including the Earth, takes place. The stories also feature the monster "Green Khidr" - an evil werewolf, a green chair of the director of the plant, in which the director turns into a skeleton; the narrator, who is mentally ill, has a green armchair and a greenish-yellow curtain at home.
To conclude this short story about green, I want to say the best about it with words from the Koran (sura 55).
46. And to him who fears the dignity of his Lord, two gardens 48. having branches 62. and besides two, two more gardens, 64. dark green 66. palm trees, and pomegranates 70. in them - solid, beautiful, - 72. black-eyed, hidden in tents, - 76. leaning on green pillows and beautiful carpets ...
Blue
The symbolism of blue comes from an obvious physical fact - the blueness of a cloudless sky. IN mythological consciousness the sky has always been the abode of gods, ancestral spirits, angels; hence the main symbol of blue is divinity. Its associated meanings are mystery, mysticism, holiness, nobility and purity (spirituality), constancy (in faith, devotion, in love), perfection, high origin (blue blood), justice (God's work).
Blue depict: objects of the cult of the gods in Egypt, Ancient Greece and Rome (Zeus, Hera, Jupiter, Juno); cover of the Tabernacle of Meeting ( Old Testament), clothes of the high priest in the Tabernacle; the clothes of Jesus and the Mother of God in icon painting and painting; In Pseudo-Dionysius, blue denotes incomprehensible secrets. In Christian churches, blue domes symbolized the sky, the ceilings in the temples of Ancient Egypt did the same.
In medieval Europe, blue was the color of a knight's costume, wishing to demonstrate fidelity in love to his lady; "Bluestocking" - the nickname of a woman engaged in science (originated in Venice in the 15th century). In Europe of the New Age (England, Russia), orders and awards were hung on blue ribbons - the "Order of the Garter", awards at the races, prizes for speed, etc. (signs of valor, superiority). The sign of high origin is "blue blood".
The negative symbolism of blue comes from the proximity of this color to black, that is, the color of death and evil. In addition, blue is the opposite of red and yellow, symbols of life, joy and flowering. The transcendence of demonic forces and death itself also gives rise to the negative symbolism of blue.
In China, it is the color of evil demonic creatures (Myths of Ancient China), in Japan it is the color of villains and devils (Kabuki theatre).
In Muslim India - the color of sadness, mourning.
“A week later they grieved, Everyone went in mourning, everyone in blue” (Amir Khosrov Dehlavi)
In the human body, blue and blue are good only as an eye color. Where blue is inappropriate, it denotes vice, drug addiction, a painful condition from cold, hunger, etc.
“I myself, shameful and corrupt, With blue circles from my eyes ...” (A. Blok) “But Blue mouths cringe in blackened faces ...” (S. Yesenin - about convicts)
In medieval Europe, the expression "blue skirt" meant that a woman belonged to the first oldest profession.
“Who has provided me with blue cotton, What pokes everyone with his finger, let him die!” (Johan Huizinga. Autumn of the Middle Ages)
A. Blok has blue - the color of twilight, mystery, cold and sadness.
“You sadly wrapped yourself in a blue cloak, On a damp night you left the house.”
D. A. Prigov’s “blue transparent river” is deceptively beautiful. In essence, this is the Styx - a hellish river in which all people perish.
The symbolism of blue has a slightly different character. In our time, it is either doubtful, or frankly negative. Most often, this color denotes sentimentality, eroticism (of a sodomite persuasion), manilovism (empty dreams), frivolity and problem-free (in the worst sense), philistinism.
Blue is the opposite of pink physically, but is identical to it symbolically. This is how extremes converge.
White
White color has been a multi-valued symbol at all times and among all peoples. Its shitty and original meaning is light. White is identical to sunlight, and light is a deity, goodness, life, the fullness of being.
Symbolic meanings of white:
1. Complete rest, serenity, non-action, peace, silence, purity (sattva), emptiness (shunya), chastity, virginity, concentration.
“White You, undisturbed in the depths, Strict and angry in life, Secretly anxious and secretly loved - Virgo, Dawn, Kupina ...” (A. Blok)
2. magical action — white clothes and coloring is a means of purification, good luck in war (among primitive tribes), long life, health, good. “In the Bemba tribe, initiated girls are covered with whitewash. At the same time they sing a song: - We made the girls white, like white herons. We made them beautiful... They are now whitened from blood stains... "White beads ensure fertility for women." (W. W. Turner. Symbol and Ritual)
3. Sign of social status- nobility, nobility, greatness, prosperity. White clothes of Egyptian pharaohs, priests of the Ancient East, togas of Roman patricians, dresses of women "from society" in antiquity, the Middle Ages and in other eras; "white collars" - a sign of intelligence, white suits, cars, shirts, interiors - a sign of belonging to a wealthy class.
4. Language of communication with gods and spirits- white clothes of gods, angels, saints, righteous people in paradise, the appearance of Yahweh (Sabaoth), Brahman, Atman, Akshobhya - the first Buddha of the Tibetan five-membered mandala (icon); clothes of ministers in the Orthodox and catholic church, White Coloring Of Christian Temples.
White color in the Old Testament:
“His head and hair are white, like a white wave, like snow; and His eyes are like a flame of fire” (Rev. 1:14)
“And I saw the heavens open, and behold, a white horse, and he who sits on it is called Faithful and True, who judges righteously and makes war” (Rev. 19:11).
“And the armies of heaven followed him on white horses, clothed in white and clean linen” (Rev. 19:14)
According to Pseudo-Dionysius, "The white surplice is the image of the flesh of Christ, the purest passionless garment of divine glory, the garment of incorruption." (Bychkov V.V., Byzantine aesthetics, 1977)
In our time White color accepted as a symbol of the deity in the new religious and philosophical teachings - theosophy, agni yoga, "living ethics", ecumenism. So, the Roerichs wrote about the "earthly abode of the gods" - shining Shambhala; its ancient name is White Island, where the White Brotherhood lives. There is also the White Mountain, or White Burkhan. “This is the World Stronghold of Light, which from time immemorial has been fanned with the loftiest hopes and secret aspirations of all peoples of all times”… (Uguns, January 1990)
5. The language of rituals- white clothes are worn during the holidays of baptism, communion, the Nativity of Christ, Easter, Ascension, the consecration of churches. Among primitive peoples, many rituals are accompanied by staining with white paint, putting on white clothes, using white animals and birds. Among the African Banyoro people, white cows were handed over to the sovereign as a sign of loyalty. Participants in the sovereign's coronation ceremony were showered with white powder. White was also the main color of the royal regalia. The royal cook had to cleanse himself before performing his duties. For this purpose, half of his body was covered with white clay. (W. W. Turner. Symbol and Ritual)
An example from the culture of the Renaissance in Italy: The solemn worship service on the occasion of Carlo Malatesta's accession to the city of Rimini was accompanied by a procession of nine thousand dressed in all white men and eight thousand women. (A. Venediktov, Renaissance in Rimini, 1970)
6. Signs and signal s - in Japan - chrysanthemum, white storks and cranes; in China - a sign of the West, autumn and metal; in India - "the white image of the sun", the color of the Brahmin caste; in Christianity - White Lily, white rose - symbols of the Virgin Mary. White flag- An offer of peace. In heraldry, white is widely used as a symbol.
7. Attribute of supreme beauty— what could be more beautiful than white clouds, chrysanthemums, jasmine, cherry blossoms, white swans? In the Arabian tales “A Thousand and One Nights,” a white slave praises her color in this way: “They say that whiteness said: “I am a brilliant light, I am a rising moon, my color is clear, my forehead shines, and the poet said about my beauty: She is white, with smooth cheeks and tender, like a hidden pearl in beauty.
…My color is like happy day and a plucked flower and a sparkling star ... My color is a miracle, and my charm is the limit, and my beauty is the end, and on like me any clothes are good, and souls strive for me. And there are many virtues in whiteness, such as the fact that snow descends from heaven white, and they convey that the best of flowers is white, and Muslims are proud of white turbans, and if I began to recall what was said to whiteness in glory, the exposition, rightly, would drag on .(The story of the six slave girls, vol. 5).
Positive values white are summarized briefly and gracefully in the verses of Dehlavi:
White clothes - for anyone for the future. “There is no better cover!” the prophet said. We prefer white flowers We write and read in white. Honorable is the whiteness of gray hair, Allah Almighty Himself exalted it. And the day in its wide limits Includes all colors, but he himself is white.
8. Liberation from the shackles of tradition in art. The revolution in painting of the twentieth century changed the symbolism of the white color, giving it unprecedented meanings. Thus, suprematists see white as a symbol (or equivalent) of a non-Euclidean n-dimensional space that immerses the viewer in a kind of meditative trance that purifies the soul like Zen Buddhist practice. This is evidenced by the founder of Suprematism K. Malevich himself: “The movement of Suprematism is already moving in this direction, towards white non-objective nature, towards white excitations, towards white consciousness and white purity as the highest level of this state, whether it be peace or movement.” (Collection of Lenz Schoenberg, catalogue, 1989)
The peak and completion of Malevich's Suprematist painting was the work "White Square on a White Background". “Casimir the Great” himself, as his associates called him, was delighted with his discovery. "I broke the azure barrier color restrictions- he exults, - and went out into the whiteness; set sail and follow me, comrade navigators, towards the abyss, I have erected beacons of Suprematism... Rule after me! Free white abyss - infinity - in front of you. Abstractionists of the second half of the 20th century consider K. Malevich their teacher. And, as capable students, they surpassed the master in the field of comprehending the bottomless depths of white. I recommend reading the article by Raimund Gierke in the catalog of the Lenz Schoenberg collection cited above, 1989.
8. Negative white symbolism.
White can mean death, illness, evil, alienation, suffering.
Among the Zairian Comos, white is associated primarily with filth, illness, and death. This is the color of fear, non-existence (Iordansky V. B., Chaos and Harmony, 1982). A black slave girl from Arabian tales recalls that gray hair is a sign of the approach of death, and white is the color of a dead man's shroud, leprosy and lichen, an eyesore. White lime is the most cheap material, and black musk is the most expensive.
In Japanese classical poetry, white symbolizes coldness, separation, the suffering of unrequited love.
The dew washed away the white-woven sleeves. And penetrating with cold, the autumn wind blew.
In the culture of Europe of the New Age, white marks: death, fainting, cold, silence, exhaustion, loneliness, even hatred and cruelty. Suffice it to recall the afterlife images of European novels (ghosts, shrouds of the dead); in the 20th century, members of the Ku Klux Klan wear white hoods; the fury Bernardina Alba lives in the white house (in the play by F. G. Lorca); the heroine of Jean Cocteau, before committing suicide, lives in a room where everything is white; the victim of the cruelty of our time, Marilyn Monroe is also sent to another world from the snow-white room.
In Russian poetry of the beginning of the century, white is associated with negative emotions and with thoughts turned to the other world. In A. Blok, white often means death, melancholy, alienation, trance. “My face is whiter than a white wall. Again, again, I will be shy when She comes ... "
“By a white dream, motionlessly chained To the shore of later times ...” “Thorns crown the humble and wise with the White Fire of the Bush.”
Velimir Khlebnikov's white color combined with gray and black creates a tragic flavor. Here, for example, is a self-portrait of the poet:
“My face book is so unraveled: On white, on white - two gray znya! Behind me, like a gray pigalitsa, A sheet yearns for Moscow.
Black
The symbolism of black in most nations is mostly negative. In the black sky, in the depths of caves, pits, wells, in deep shadows, something mysterious and dangerous is hiding. Black makes a person's vision powerless, which in itself threatens with danger.
1. MAIN SYMBOLS: death, decay, disintegration of matter, night (as a time of passivity), sadness, grief.
“Among the people of Uganda, banyoro,” writes V. B. Iordansky, “black is associated with night, death, evil and danger ... White animals were usually sacrificed to the banyoro gods, and the presence of even a black hair in the tail of a sacrificial cow could deprive the entire rite of effectiveness . On the contrary, when a person was possessed by evil spirits, a black goat or chicken was sacrificed to them (the spirits). Black banana fiber was worn as a sign of mourning. The Banyoro god of the underworld ate from dishes covered with soot. His food was smoked and the milk he drank came from a black cow.”
In the Russian folk language, the word "black" means something old, dirty, unfinished, devoid of brilliance: a black old woman, a black woman, a back door, a black floor, a draft; as well as gloomy and gloomy: black humor, "drinking black" ...
According to the research of W. W. Turner, among the Ndembu African people, “blackness” is:
1. evil, bad things, 2. lack of purity or whiteness, 3. suffering or misfortune, 4. illness, 5. witchcraft and witchcraft: if a person has a black liver, he is capable of killing, he is a bad person, 6. death, 7 . sexual desire, 8. night or darkness.
2. Magic symbol: black magic, demonism, witchcraft.
Magic rituals have been an integral part of the culture of all times and peoples (see above). In Europe during the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, etc. distinguish between white and black magic. Calling up the spirits of the dead, killing or inducing "damage" at a distance, instilling love passion or hatred were considered black magic. Occult procedures were usually carried out in the dark, underground, while black clothes, black animals appeared, even black blood was required (we recommend reading the book by E. Parnov "The Throne of Lucifer", M. 1991).
3. Ethical characteristics: pride, secret envy, sinfulness, malice, meanness, vindictiveness. Black is the color of executioners, murderers, pirates; the expressions "black ingratitude, black malice, etc." In ancient India, black color corresponded to the concept of tamas - a state of constriction, oppression. We see impressive images of black in the poetry of A. Blok:
Old, old dream. From the darkness Lanterns run - where? There is only black water, There is oblivion forever... The skeleton, wrapped up to the eyes in a cloak, Is looking for something, grinning with a black mouth... The living sleep. The dead man rises from the coffin. And he goes to the bank, and goes to the court, to the senate ... The whiter the night, the blacker the anger, And the feathers creak triumphantly. (Dance of death)
4. Language of communication with gods and spirits: black is the color of the Mother Earth, the inhabitants of the underworld, demonic creatures. One of the myths of Ancient China speaks of the "underground kingdom of Yudu", in which black birds, black snakes, black leopards, black tigers and black foxes with fluffy, fluffy tails lived. There was also a big black mountain where black people lived. Black is the color of femininity (as a killing and generating principle, similar to Mother Earth). Among the African Ndembu people, women with very black skin are valued as lovers, not as wives. White race women nowadays prefer black dress(heavily decollete) as an evening dress (and if the climate permits, then daytime).
Black can symbolize "divine darkness" or "super-light darkness" (Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite), the value of black is no less than white.
“I clothe the heavens with darkness, and make sackcloth their cover” (Is. 50:2).
5. The language of rituals: funerals, weddings, occult ceremonies (see above, paragraph 1). The "blackest" rite is the "Black Mass"; the most dangerous magic is "black magic". From the Encyclopedia of Signs and Symbols of D. Foley: “The secret sciences that witches and sorcerers were engaged in, as well as others who dealt with the “Prince of Darkness”, the devil, were called “black magic” (p. 420).
6. Signs, symbols: the sign of death on the flags of anarchists, pirates, signs of neo-fascists - swastikas, black shirts; a black patch in a British court is a sign of a death sentence, a mourning suit in Europe, a black cassock is a sign of monasticism.
7. Positive black values: youth, beauty, peace (rest). Black is especially valued in the Muslim East. The black slave from the tales of “1001 Nights” praises her color in such expressions: “Don’t you know what is given in the Koran ... the word of Allah the great: I swear by night when she covers, and by day when she shines!” And if the night were not more worthy, Allah would not have sworn by it and would not have put it ahead of the day - with this the shrewd and perspicacious agree. Don't you know that blackness is the adornment of youth, and when the gray hair falls, pleasures go away and the time of death draws near? And if blackness were not the most worthy of all, Allah would not have placed it in the depths of the heart and eye. And among the advantages of blackness is that ink is obtained from it, with which the words of Allah are written ... And besides, is it good to meet lovers otherwise than at night? ... "
The caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty liked to dress in black. Their banner was also black. Amir Khosrow Dehlavi writes:
The color of the glorious Abbasids is black. It belongs to the first of the planets, And the darkness of nights is always black, It descends in life-giving peace. And the mole of the beauty is black, As pitch, her thick hair is a wave.
9. Black stones - talismans: the stone of the Kaaba - the main Muslim temple in Mecca; jet, hematite, obsidian, black agate and others. (See the book by E. Gonikman “Your Talisman”, M., 1997) A few excerpts from this book: “The jet figure was worn from the evil eye, from evil and disease ... fear. Gagat is a stone of the night and night secrets. Very often, black magicians used jet to call the souls of the dead and contact them. Hematite (bloodstone) symbolizes wisdom and courage (in India). In the old days, bloodstone was credited with properties ... to stop bleeding, extinguish outbursts of anger, and treat tumors. Obsidian, worn in a ring, bracelet or necklace, will give you composure, concentration. The ancients called it a stone - a savior, warning against bad deeds and from unworthy, impure love.
Orange, purple and magenta- colors intermediate between the main, adjacent in a circle. Their values largely coincide with the values of neighboring colors.
Violet: it stands out from all spectral colors with its complexity, balancing between red and blue, and also between blue and black. Hence its semantics and symbolism. Main meanings: mourning, fear, sadness of a suppressed spirit, mystery (mysticism), old age, the extinction of life, tragedy, pain, sad circumstances (among the Germans), love passion (in medieval Japan).
A few examples:
“It is not at all an accident that among some peoples the purple color is chosen exclusively as mourning ... The sight of this color has a depressing effect, and the feeling of sadness caused by it is consistent with the sadness of a depressed spirit” (S. Eisenstein - M. Nordau). Paul Gauguin conveys a woman's fear of a ghost by depicting a scene against a purple background (painting "Manao Tupapao"). The semantics of violet is indicated by its names in the catalog of colors of the early twentieth century - ecclesiastic, fandango, Ophelia and many others, denoting phenomena that are deeply impressive and with a touch of tragedy.
Japanese verses:
If you love me, You keep love deep in your heart: Violets of a dyed dress Don't show the color!
Violet, leaning towards blue, is called lilac, and its whitened shades are called lilac. These are melancholic, mysterious, sad-romantic colors:
I don’t feel sorry for the years wasted in vain, I don’t feel sorry for the soul of a lilac flower ... (S. Yesenin)
Lilac is poeticized black:
Or maybe in the dens of San Francisco, the Purple Negro gives you a coat. (I. Vertinsky)
Purple
The color of wealth, royalty, supreme beauty. He was perhaps the most honorable and beautiful in Greco-Roman antiquity. In Homer, this color is worn by heroes and gods.
“The mantle was woolen, purple, double, he was clothed” (Odyssey, XIX, 225). Heroes in the Iliad wear a glistening purple belt. The verses are repeated many times: “A young woman came out of the darkness with purple fingers Eos”; “Purple waves rustled around his keel terribly ...” In the Roman poet Virgil, purple is even more honored than in Homer:
“The fabrics here are dismantled with art and proud purple ...” “Tie legs with purple also with koturna” (Aeneid, 1, 635, 335).
In ancient Rome, only emperors were allowed to wear purple clothes. Senators were only allowed to have stripes or borders of this color on their clothing (usually white).
In Byzantium, purple is the imperial color. Vasilevs signed with purple ink, sat on a purple throne, and wore purple boots. "Trerius Ecumenical Council(Efes, 431) decided, as a sign of the highest reverence for Mary and Anna, to depict them in purple clothes ”(Bychkov V.V. Byzantine aesthetics, 1977, p. 103)“ ... purple united the eternal, heavenly, transcendental (blue, light blue) with the earth (red). Combining opposites, the purple color has acquired a special significance in the culture of antinomic thinking. (Bychkov V.V., ibid.)
The purple of Christ was a symbol of His martyrdom and reproach, and on the imperial purple there was a trace of the bloody cruelty of royal arbitrariness - these are the negative symbols of this luxurious color.
All shades of purple are loved in the folk art of the Slavs. There is a lot of crimson and crimson in the poetry of S. Yesenin:
“Play, play, talyanochka, raspberry furs. Come out to meet the groom to the outskirts, beauty ... "" Dawns are blazing, fogs are smoking Over the carved window there is a crimson curtain ... "
You can recall the folk expressions "raspberry ringing", "not life, but raspberries." In folklore, everything that is gratifying, beautiful, and spacious is painted with this color.
Grey
The color of poverty, boredom and melancholy, urban crowding, rotten fog. In antiquity and the Middle Ages, it was not valued at all. He was considered the color of the rags of the poor, the color of misfortune and mediocrity. The gray-blue color of the ancient Romans symbolized envy. On ancient East they sprinkled ashes on their heads as a sign of mourning.
In ancient Russian literature and folklore, gray and gray-gray are epithets of predatory animals or birds (“gray wolf”, “gray-gray eagle”); to these colors, as it were, the antipathy that people feed on these animals passes. Grey colour was a distinctive feature of the clothes of a poor peasant (sermyaga).
In the works of N.V. Gogol, gray accompanies everything mediocre, indefinite, and degraded. There is a lot of gray around Manilov and in Plyushkin's dwelling (a thick layer of dust and old junk). The cassock of the clerk Foma Grigorievich, once black, acquired a gray color (the cassock of the clerk Foma Grigorievich was the color of a chilled potato jelly).
In the poetry of S. Yesenin, the motifs of melancholy, withering, fatigue are painted in gray.
"I'm not sick of anyone's betrayal, And I'm not happy with the ease of victories - Those hair golden hay Turns into gray."
The urban landscape in the poetry of A. Blok is replete with gray spots: tin roofs, a gray-stone body, a smoky-gray fog, a dusty-gray haze ... this hopelessly tragic color suffocates and oppresses a person.
“The street stood up, full of gray, Woven with cobweb yarn ...”
V. Kandinsky also evaluates gray rather negatively: “Gray ... consists of motionless resistance on the one hand and of immovable immobility (like a wall of infinite thickness and a bottomless, boundless abyss going into infinity.” “Gray is an inconsolable immobility. And the darker it becomes, the more the preponderance of the inconsolable grows and the suffocating appears.” (“On the Spiritual in Art”)
Positive gray values
In the late Renaissance, gray gains value. It becomes the color of grace, elegance, nobility. Florentine nobles wear gray velvet and brocade, Spanish princesses and Dutch noble ladies flaunt gray satin, on Salviati’s canvases all the colors seem to have faded and become more or less gray, in El Greco shades of gray occupied almost the entire field of the picture, creating a frame for “ precious stones» - chromatic colors. In the 18th century, gray becomes the most elegant color. Powdered wigs, men's and women's dresses, tapestries, upholstery, wall papers and tapestries - everywhere you can see many shades of gray - mother-of-pearl, pearl, "pigeon neck" and so on.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, gray was accepted as the most "practical" in clothing, the most calm in the interior. The beauty of gray wool, furs, wood was appreciated. Gray has become the color of elegance, a sign of good tone, high taste. The expression "noble mouse color" appeared.
Brown
Fate Brown and its role in culture is similar to the fate of the gray. In nature, this color is very common, and in all natural objects appreciated by the people. However, in ancient times and in the Middle Ages, this color was given a negative meaning. In ancient Rome, brown tunics were worn by slaves or lumpen proletarians; for the upper classes of society, this color was forbidden. In Islamic culture, brown is perceived as the color of decay and decay. Surah 87 of the Quran says:
"1. Praise the name of your Lord, the Most High, 2. who created and proportioned, 3. who distributed and directed, 4. who brought out the pasture, 5. and made it brown litter!
In medieval Europe, brown and gray in clothes meant suffering and hopelessness. “I wear gray and brown, I hope and wait exhausted” (Johan Huizinga, “Autumn of the Middle Ages”).
In the 20th century, Art Nouveau masters express moods of sadness, withering, premonitions of death, fatigue and melancholy in brown. Andrei Bely, describing the life of D. Merezhkovsky and Z. Gippius, notes that even the very atmosphere in their house was brown, and all things were the same, since the owners are “gloomy people”. In the apartment of Vyacheslav Ivanov there are "square-brown" carpets, and the colors of the houses on the street are "brown" and "chocolate".
Apparently, there is something in this color that attracts a tired and sickly soul that has lost the immediate joy of life. Very characteristic in this sense is Joseph Brodsky's essay "Trophy", which lists many brown things that are very pleasant for the poet: a radio, a gramophone, boots, photographs of Venice.
Only humans are able to distinguish colors. We unconsciously use in clothes, makeup, wallpaper and curtains different shades, combinations that we like. Any color has its own characteristics and acts on people in a certain way, for example, yellow. Let's see what he is hiding in himself?
Since school years we know that white can be decomposed into 7 colors and the reverse way to get white. However, it is believed that there are only three main ones - these are red and blue. If you want to check this, you can easily experiment, take paints and mix them to achieve a certain tone. You will not get three, while it is easy to get, say, green with the help of two: blue and yellow.
The question arises: "What does it mean in psychology, and how to use it?"
It is usually associated with the sun. It is with this color that we draw the sun, sometimes orange, less often red. That is, yellow is associated with us with the image of heat, light, radiance, lightness. As the great Goethe wrote, it produces the effect of joy, cheerfulness, excitement. Does the role yellow plays in psychology depend on the fact that it can be formed by mixing red and green color waves? Undoubtedly, because red means excitement, and green means orientation. That is, the first in combination with the second leads to a state of psychological explosion, to emotional relaxation. Therefore, yellow should be “in moderation”, a glut of it leads to fatigue and, as a result, excited tension.
Interestingly, the yellow color in psychology means the need for development, self-disclosure. Those people who are looking for a change, a certain liberation, choose it. For example, these are pregnant women attending classes that focus on childbirth without fear.
It is believed that the yellow color in psychology is a symbol of relaxation, liberation from irritation and tension. The one who strives for the new and hopes prefers it, while the disappointed person, on the contrary, rejects it. Incidentally, it is noted interesting fact that drug addicts and alcoholics do not like yellow tones.
This color means a dangerous mental state of a person, when he is desperately trying to get out of the situation and grabs everything that comes to hand. This is a kind of symbol of insight and hope, as opposed to strong excitement, bordering on audacity and hostility.
How does yellow affect people?
His admirers are people with good intuition, adequate and active by nature. They can make the right decision in a matter of seconds and at the same time understand other people's views, but they do not tolerate mediocrity. Such people strive for harmony within themselves and do not like troubles, skillfully bypassing them.
Yellow things and objects look, even with their large size, weightless and light, dry and warm. If you want to keep warm, you should sit in an armchair of this color or throw on a yellow blanket. He can become an assistant to those who are on a diet, and insecure people.
We found out that the psychological is very important in our life. Good luck making the right choice!
