Dubosekovo, German view: "Not too strong enemy defends stubbornly." Exposing the myth "Panfilov's battle near Dubosekovo is a myth"
IN this day, during the defense of Moscow from fascist invaders, the Panfilovites accomplished their feat.
The division of the division of General Panfilov, having destroyed about two dozen German tanks, stopped the German offensive. The battle at the Dubosekovo junction became famous thanks to a newspaper essay by the front-line correspondent V.I. Koroteev. The article said that they "died every single one, but did not let the enemy through" ... further is an attempt to figure out where the legend is and where the reality is ...
The battle near Moscow became one of the decisive battles and major event first year of the Great Patriotic War.
The Soviet troops defending the city received an order to detain the enemy at all costs. The fulfillment of this task fell on the 316th Infantry Division under the command of Major General I.V. Panfilov, who was supposed to not let the enemy through in the Volokolamsk direction.
The Nazis hoped to break through the defenses at the Dubosekovo railway siding, break out onto the Volokolamsk highway and move towards Moscow.
November 16, 1941 German troops went on the offensive. The 316th Rifle Division was opposed by the 2nd and 11th German Panzer Divisions. The battle that a group of tank destroyers gave at night near Dubosekovo entered all history books. For four hours, under heavy artillery fire and air bombing, the Panfilovites held back the tanks and infantry of the enemy. They repulsed several enemy attacks and destroyed 18 out of 50 tanks.
This fight is covered with myths and legends. Most of the soldiers of the detachment died, the rest were seriously wounded (although for a long time all 28 were thought to have died). Of course, during the defense of Moscow, there were other examples of courage and heroism among the units of the Red Army, thousands of Soviet soldiers gave their lives in battles near Moscow (like Major General I.V. Panfilov himself), but it turned out that it was the feat of the heroes- Panfilov's people remained in history and became a legend.
The phrase “Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind!”, Which, according to the Krasnaya Zvezda journalists, was uttered by the Panfilov political instructor Klochkov before his death, was included in Soviet school and university history textbooks. The phrase is really his. Klochkov's personal letters to his wife have been preserved, in which he expressed his feelings of special responsibility for Moscow, in addition, approximately the same appeals were published in Panfilov's appeals and in issues of the divisional newspaper.
Memorial to 28 Panfilov Heroes.
The 316th Rifle Division was renamed the 8th Guards Rifle Division and awarded the Order of the Red Banner. As it turned out later, there were probably more Panfilovites, according to some historians, about a hundred. In addition, not all Panfilovites died. Six of them survived, but were wounded or shell-shocked - two later ended up in the hospital, two more were captured and experienced all the horrors of the Nazi concentration camps, and two more were excluded from the list of Heroes for various reasons.
In 1967, in the village of Nelidovo, located 1.5 km from the Dubosekovo junction, the Panfilov Heroes Museum was opened. In 1975, a memorial ensemble of granite "Feat 28" was erected at the site of the battle, consisting of six monumental figures, personifying warriors of six nationalities who fought in the ranks of 28 Panfilov soldiers. Their faces are turned to the side where the Nazi tanks were coming from, and behind the backs of the fighters - Moscow ...
Memorial in Dubosekovo
In November 1947, I.E. Dobrobabin was arrested and prosecuted for treason, who was captured in that very battle after being slightly wounded and was captured, and later began to cooperate with the Nazis. When Dobrobabin was arrested, a book about 28 Panfilov heroes was found, and it turned out that he was one of the participants in this heroic battle, for which he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
A scandal erupted and the Main Military Prosecutor's Office of the USSR began an investigation into the feat, recognizing later that the number of Panfilov's men was not true. But it was decided not to bring the results of the investigation to the general public.
Near Moscow, the country needed feats, so the journalists tried to make them more weighty ... the more fantastic, the better, not at all thinking about the future and what their literary fiction could lead to.
However, according to the assumptions of some historians, there really was a feat, and all this investigation about literary fiction was an "order" for persecuting Zhukov, who was the initiator of awarding the Panfilovites with stars of heroes.
It is possible to treat the number of Panfilovites differently and argue that 28 of them were either 45 or about 100. Of course, it is difficult to imagine that 28 lightly armed soldiers in flat terrain could successfully resist more than fifty advancing tanks with the support of motorized infantry. But there were cases when, alone or in a smaller number, Soviet soldiers destroyed dozens of enemy tanks. And their exploits are proven and no one questions them.
November 16, 1941 at the Dubosekovo 1075 junction, the regiment of the 316th division took the fight with superior enemy forces. The 316th division, commanded by Major General Panfilov, was in the direction of the main attack throughout October. The heroism of the Panfilovites immediately became known to the Soviet people, and the division and its commander became legendary after the battles in the Volokolamsk direction. It is not surprising that the heroic division received increased attention from the press. November 16, 1075 the regiment was attacked by superior German forces. The regiment repelled the attack, knocking out several tanks. The Germans pulled up reserves and broke through the defenses by evening. Heroically resisting, the Soviet soldiers were forced to retreat, having suffered huge losses. The fate of the regiment befell the rest of the formations of the division. Almost defeated during the November battles, she was forced to withdraw to the Istra line. On November 18, General Panfilov himself was killed in battle. Subsequently, the 316th division was transformed into the 8th Guards Rifle Division and took part in the battles near the famous village of Kryukovo on the Leningrad Highway. And only at the end of December 1941. she went to the rear for reorganization. The commander of the 1075 regiment Kaprov recalled: "By November 16, 1941, the regiment I commanded was on the left flank of the division and covered the exits from the city of Volokolamsk to Moscow and the railway. The 2nd battalion took up defense: Novo-Nikolskoye-
settlementPetelino and Dubosekovo junction....
> The fourth company was commanded by Captain Gundilovich, political instructor Klochkov... In the company by November 16, 1941 there were 120-
140 people.
...
>. There were 10 in total on the battalion site-
12 enemy tanks. How many tanks went to the sector of the 4th company, I do not know, or rather, I cannot determine. With the resources of the regiment and the efforts of the 2nd battalion, this German tank attack was repulsed. In battle, the regiment destroyed 5-
6 German tanks, and the Germans withdrew ... Around 14.00-
At 1500, the Germans opened heavy artillery fire on all positions of the regiment, and the German tanks again went on the attack. ...
>More than 50 tanks attacked the regiment's sector, with the main attack directed at the positions of the 2nd battalion, since this sector was most accessible to enemy tanks.
For about 40-
45 minutes enemy tanks crushed the location of the 2nd battalion,including the section of the 4th company. ...
>
When I got over the railway embankment, people who survived the attack of German tanks began to gather around me. The 4th company suffered the most from the attack; led by the company commander Gundilovich, 20 people survived-
25, the rest all died. The rest of the companies suffered less." The Soviet people learned about the heroism of the Division from the Izvestia newspaper already 3 days later. November 19, 1941 G. Ivanov's note "8th Guards Division in battle" was published in it, which describes the battle of one of the companies. The surrounded company offered heroic resistance, knocking out 9 tanks (3 of them burned down), and forced the rest to retreat. There is no information about where Ivanov got the information from, but the information, firstly, is plausible, and secondly, operational, from which we can conclude that Ivanov received it from sources close to the front line. Thirdly, the information did not raise questions in the Authorities. But more on that below. Koroteev Approximately a week later, Koroteev, a correspondent for Krasnaya Zvezda, visited the headquarters of the 16th Army (which included the Panfilov division). Here is how he himself describes in 1948. during interrogation by the investigator, the way in which he received the information. "
Approximately 23-On November 24, 1941, together with the military correspondent of the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, Chernyshev, I was at the headquarters of the 16th army ... When we left the army headquarters, we met the commissar of the 8th Panfilov division, Yegorov, who spoke about the extremely difficult situation at the front and said that our people fight heroically in all areas. In particular, Yegorov gave an example of a heroic battle of one company with German tanks, 54 tanks were advancing on the line of the company, and the company delayed them, destroying some of them. Egorov himself was not a participant in the battle, but spoke from the words of the regimental commissar, who also did not participate in the battle with German tanks ... Egorov recommended writing in the newspaper about the heroic battle of the company with enemy tanks, having first read the political report received from the regiment ...
The political report spoke of the battle of the fifth company with enemy tanks and that the company stood "to the death" - it died, but did not retreat, and only two people turned out to be traitors, raised their hands to surrender to the Germans, but they were destroyed by our fighters. The report did not mention the number of company soldiers who died in this battle, and did not mention their names. We did not establish this from conversations with the regiment commander either. It was impossible to get into the regiment, and Yegorov did not advise us to try to get into the regiment.
Upon arrival in Moscow, I reported the situation to the editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, Ortenberg, about the company's battle with enemy tanks. Ortenberg asked me how many people were in the company. I answered him that the composition of the company, apparently, was incomplete, about 30-40 people; I also said that two of these people turned out to be traitors... I didn't know that a front line on this subject was being prepared, but Ortenberg summoned me again and asked how many people were in the company. I told him that about 30 people. Thus, the number of 28 people who fought appeared, since out of 30 two turned out to be traitors. Ortenberg said that it was impossible to write about two traitors, and, apparently, after consulting with someone, he decided to write about only one traitor in the front line.
On November 27, 1941, my short correspondence was published in the newspaper, and on November 28, the editorial “Testament of 28 Fallen Heroes” written by Krivitsky was printed in the Red Star"
.
Whether not trusting Koroteev's literary abilities, or guided by considerations of subordination in the journalistic table of ranks, or for some other reason, Ortenberg, the editor-in-chief of Krasnaya Zvezda, instructs writing the editorial not to the "getter" of information, but to lit. newspaper secretary A.Yu. Krivitsky. Which enthusiastically sets to work, and already on November 28 in the "Red Star" there appears an editorial filled with pathos called "Testament
28 Fallen Heroes. "
Resistance might seem like madness. Fifty armored monsters against twenty-nine people! In what war, in what times did such an unequal battle take place! But the Soviet soldiers accepted him without flinching. They didn't back down, they didn't retreat. "We have no way back"-
they said to themselves.
Only one out of twenty-nine fainthearted. When the Germans, confident in their easy victory, shouted to the guards-
"Surrender!",-
only one put his hands up. A volley immediately rang out. Several guards at the same time, without saying a word, without a command, shot at a coward and a traitor. It was the homeland that punished the apostate.
Already eighteen warped tanks froze motionless on the battlefield. The battle lasted more than four hours, and the armored fist of the Nazis could not break through the line defended by the guards. But now the ammunition ran out, the cartridges in the stores of anti-tank rifles ran out. There were no more grenades.
Fascist vehicles approached the trench. The Germans jumped out of the hatches, wanting to take alive the surviving brave men and deal with them. But there is only one warrior in the field, if he is a Soviet warrior! Politruk Diev grouped the remaining comrades around him and a bloody battle ensued again. Our people fought, remembering the old motto: "The Guard dies, but does not surrender."
And they laid down their heads-
all twenty-eight. They died, but did not miss the enemy!"
- writes Krivitsky, showing an example of how a journalist has no right to work. Too lazy to check the information. Or they got scared - after all, for this you need to go closer to the front line and put the precious journalistic life in jeopardy. And this is unacceptable: women give birth to soldiers, but there are few journalists, and they must be protected. How many fighters fought is unknown? Well, let there be thirty people. Are there two traitors for thirty people? Well, let there be one. What is the name of the politician? There, like some kind of hero by the name of Diev, they mentioned it, so let it be Diev! How many tanks were destroyed? Well, let there be 18. 50 tanks in the regiment's sector? Not heroic enough, let it be 50 to 28 people. The fact that this number is completely implausible, the rear journalists, apparently, did not even think about it. Neither Koroteev nor Krivitsky are professional military journalists wearing epaulettes! - they didn’t even think about how physically 54 tanks could advance in a sector defended by 28 people. Provided that about 50 tanks is a lot even for the area defended by the regiment, which is clearly shown by the above-cited testimony of Kaprov. 
Journalist Chernyshev from Komsomolskaya Pravda, who, together with Koroteev, "received information" at the headquarters of the 16th Army, also wrote an article entitled "Glory to the fearless patriots". Where he described the battle described to him by the division commissar who did not participate in it from the words of the regiment commissar who did not participate in it. He even added for reliability the names of Lieutenant Bezvremenny and senior political officer Kalachev, it is not known whether from himself or from the words of one of the staff officers of the 16th Army. So there were not the most successful literary works, generalizing and "creatively" processing real events mid November. Well, it would seem that God is with this. After all, why not consider the articles of Chernyshev and Krivitsky as literary fiction based on real facts mass heroism, and not close this topic? But, alas, it doesn't work. After all, if Chernyshev had the conscience and common sense to stop at what had been “achieved,” then Krivitsky and Ortenberg decided to squeeze as much as possible out of the heroic theme. In January of the 42nd, Krivitsky published an essay "On 28 Fallen Heroes", in which he already lists by name those who died in a battle he himself invented. And Ortenberg, who personally sucked the number 28 out of his finger, prints it! 
Ortenberg "When the guardsmen die in battle, the winged glory flies off the military banner and invisibly becomes an honorary and permanent guard at the head of the dead. The news of the feat of twenty-eight Panfilov guardsmen who laid down their heads on the battlefield spread far across the Soviet land. We still did not know all the details of their death, the names of the heroes had not yet been named, their bodies were still resting on the ground captured by the enemy, but the rumors about the fabulous prowess of twenty-eight Soviet heroes were already bypassing the fronts.
Only now have we been able to reconstruct the full picture of the death of a handful of brave guardsmen"- proudly writes Krivitsky. 
Krivitsky A. Yu. We have already seen the method of "establishing a complete picture of the battle". Where did the names come from. Throughout November and half of December, the 1075th regiment (like the entire division) fought bloody stubborn battles, repeatedly changing places of deployment. In some companies, only 20% of the personnel remained alive. And as soon as the regiment is withdrawn to the rear for reorganization, a Moscow journalist arrives in it (as in the most distinguished and injured in the battles of November 16), along with the division commissar. And they demand to name the names of 28 people who fought off the attack of German tanks on November 16th. Which, of course, confuses the commander and commissar of the regiment. From the testimony of the regiment commander I.V. Kaprov to the investigator of the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office: "
At the end of December 1941, when the division was assigned to the formation, the correspondent of the "Red Star" Krivitsky came to my regiment along with representatives of the political department of the division Glushko and Yegorov. Here I first heard about 28 Panfilov guardsmen. In a conversation with me, Krivitsky said that it was necessary to have 28 Panfilov guardsmen who fought with German tanks. I told him that the whole regiment, and especially the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, fought with German tanks, but I didn’t know anything about the battle of 28 guardsmen ... Captain Gundilovich gave names to Krivitsky from memory, who talked with him on this topic, there were no documents about the battle of 28 Panfilov soldiers in the regiment and could not be. Nobody asked me for my last name."
.
At an urgent request, or rather an order, to name 28 names of those who fought with tanks on November 16, the Kaprov regiment names the 4th company of the 2nd battalion, and sends the journalist to the company commander Gundilovich. He answers the question "where exactly did you fight on November 16" that he fought in the Dubosekovo area. And the requirement to name 28 fighters by name, satisfies as follows. From the testimony of Krivitsky to the GVP investigator: “Kaprov did not give me names, but instructed Mukhamedyarov and Gundilovich to do this, who compiled a list, taking information from some kind of statement or list.
Thus, I got a list of the names of 28 Panfilov soldiers who fell in battle with German tanks at the Dubosekovo junction. Arriving in Moscow, I wrote a basement in the newspaper under the heading "About 28 Fallen Heroes"; the basement was sent for a visa to the PUR. During a conversation with Comrade Krapivin in PUR, he was interested in where I got the words of political instructor Klochkov, written in my basement: "Russia is great, but there is nowhere to retreat - Moscow is behind," - I answered him that I invented it myself.
The basement was placed in the "Red Star" on January 22, 1942. Here I used the stories of Gundilovich, Kaprov, Mukhamedyarov, Egorov. In terms of sensations and actions, 28 characters are my literary conjecture. I did not talk to any of the wounded or surviving guardsmen. From the local population, I speakril only with a boy aged 14-15, which showed the grave where Klochkov was buried.
... In 1943, from the division where 28 Panfilov heroes were and fought, they sent me a letter of awarding me the title of guardsman. I was only in the division three or four times."
Gundilovich P.M. Commander of the 4th company. Thus, the myth of 28 is already taking shape. Now there is a place of battle and 28 names, selected, however, in a completely random way. The latter almost killed the journalist Krivitsky. After a month and a half of hardest fighting (let me remind you that only on November 16 the company lost over 100 people), when the composition of the company was constantly changing, even the best commander will not be able to accurately take into account the losses in killed and wounded. Therefore, among the "28 heroically fallen" were: - Sergeant Dobrobabin, who deserted and later worked as a policeman (more on him below). - Messenger Kuzhebergenov, who did not participate in the battle and was captured by the Germans. - row. Notarov, as it turned out later, fell two days before the battle on November 16th. - row. Timofeev, who was wounded in German captivity. - foreman Shemyakin and a number. Shadrin, seriously wounded and ended up in the rear hospitals. The last three were later awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. A discrepancy also occurred with the name of the political instructor, already named Diev in the first publication, and in the lists of the company bearing the name Klochkov. Apparently, the name Diev belongs to some other person. And I will talk about some research in this direction at the end of the article. For some reason, the hero's surname sunk into the head of the headquarters worker, and he called it to journalists on November 23-24. So Diev was mentioned in Koroteev's November note and Krivitsky's editorial. And when Krivitsky received 28 names of fighters and saw that the deceased political instructor of the 4th company of the 2nd battalion had the surname Klochkov, the journalist, without batting an eyelid, invented another story. He explained the confusion with the names of the political instructor by the fact that the political instructor was Klochkov according to his passport, and one of the Ukrainian fighters jokingly dubbed him Diev. He was already a very active (dialny) person. Krivitsky developed a vigorous activity. The matter was not limited to articles alone; by the end of the war, books about 28 Panfilovites were already in print. The feat was adopted by Soviet propaganda as exemplary. Krivitsky wrote tirelessly, the battle at Dubosekovo took on absolutely incredible, truly fabulous details. Krivitsky described in detail who said what, and who thought what, his books were published in large editions and translated into foreign languages. 28 Panfilovites were the strongest business project of their time in the field of PR. It almost ended shortly after the war. In 1947 the "fallen hero" Dobrobabin was arrested, who managed to desert, work as a policeman, flee to another area during the offensive of the Red Army, and re-conscript into the army from the liberated territory, hiding his service in the police. It was his own impudence that ruined him (as it almost ruined Krivitsky). Another would have hid with such a biography, but Dobrobabin, armed with Krivitsky's book about his heroism, went to demand the hero's star. And after checking he was arrested. During the check, the prosecutor's office found out that four more "fallen heroes" were still alive, and decided to investigate the case. The results of the work of the Stalinist prosecutor's office are known and published: http://statearchive.ru/607 The conclusion of people in uniform is unequivocal. Thus, the materials of the investigation established that the feat of 28 Panfilov guards, covered in the press, is a fiction of the correspondent Koroteev, the editor of Krasnaya Zvezda Ortenberg, and especially the literary secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky. This fiction was repeated in the works of writers N. Tikhonov, V. Stavsky, A. Beck, N. Kuznetsov, V. Lipko, M. Svetlov and others and was widely popularized among the population of the Soviet Union.
The memory of 28 Panfilovites is immortalized by the installation of a monument in the village.
Nelidovo, Moscow region A marble obelisk with a memorial plaque has been installed in the Alma-Ata Park of Culture and Leisure; The Federation Park and several streets of the republic's capital are named after them. The names of 28 Panfilovites were assigned to many schools, enterprises and collective farms of the Soviet Union.
Chief Military Prosecutor of the USSR Armed Forces
lieutenant general of justice
N. Afanasiev.
The prosecutor's office's investigation was sent as intended - i.e. Andrei Alexandrovich Zhdanov, secretary of the Central Committee, who oversaw the ideological and propaganda direction. But the move was not given. As the historian Aleksey Isaev, the author of the book "anti-Suvors", who dealt with the history of "28 Panfilov" in detail, said on this occasion: “In my opinion, it would be wiser if Krivitsky was “rolled up” in Verkhoyansk for this. Then the story would be extremely instructive and would remain in journalism textbooks as an example of how not to do it. But the Soviet government, represented by such a person, like A.A.Zhdanov,showed gentleness." Isaev also drew attention to the fact that the data on the losses of such a number of tanks should undoubtedly have been reflected in the German archives. And they always reflected. But nothing like the destruction of two dozen tanks on November 16 near Dubosekovo was found. It is also important to note that for the entire war and post-war period, this was the only case when the prosecutor's office was engaged in such an investigation. The consequences of journalistic and human meanness could have been very far-reaching. 28 people who did not distinguish themselves in any way received the stars of Heroes, which disavowed the very concept of a feat. The mass heroism of hundreds of people is forgotten and replaced by a feat 28, moreover, invented for career purposes. The party leadership has been put in the position of hostages when it is forced to follow the lead of an irresponsible and unscrupulous scribbler. Moreover, one of the Panfilovites turned out to be a policeman. Let him go now? Or plant a "hero"? Both solutions are bad. What if this story gets out? With what relish will the enemy attack her in the conditions of the Cold War! It is impossible to agree with Isaev on one thing: that Zhdanov showed softness. Zhdanov sent the received document to the members of the Politburo and personally to Stalin. Thus, the fact that the case was not given a move is not on Andrei Alexandrovich's conscience. Moreover, since Zhdanov reported the circumstances of the case to other top party leaders, it can be assumed that he wanted to give the case a legal move. It seems that only a progressive illness and an early death prevented Zhdanov from dotting all the e in this matter. But be that as it may, Krivitsky escaped with a slight fright. Someone might ask, is it really so important whether a forgery is exposed or not? Is it necessary to "say to the end who the bastard is," as Mayakovsky said? Time has shown that then, in the 48th year, it was certainly necessary to do this. There are among us (and, alas, there are more of them) such patriots who sincerely believe that any lie can and should be used if it is aimed at a "good patriotic" cause. Let's try to take their position. Let's forget that for the rest of their lives, 28 Panfilovites fed Krivitsky and fed him much more satisfyingly than an ordinary Soviet person. That all his life he (like his boss on the "Red Star" Ortenberg) wrote about the war and painted exploits, raising children on opuses, the degree of conscientiousness of which we already know. That Krivitsky, who, according to his own statement, was in the division 3-4 times during the entire war, received the rank of guardsman along with the true heroes of the war. That the mythical feat of the 28th overshadowed the real mass heroism. That the stars of heroes were given to people who were no different from any of the hundreds of thousands of other ordinary participants in the battle for Moscow. That out of a hundred dead soldiers of the 4th company, only 28 "honored" to be ranked among the heroes, and no one remembered the soldiers of neighboring companies, each of which lost up to 4/5 of its composition. That among the heroes was a policeman and a deserter ... In a word, let's forget about the moral side of things and begin to be guided by considerations of "pragmatic patriotism" a la modern Russian professional patriots. But even from this position, the myth of 28 had to be exposed. For the forgery of Krivitsky, not exposed in time, backfired on Perestroika.
perestroika
Putin's zero
One gets the impression that the authors of both this and other similar emotional letters are inclined to support, without understanding deeply the essence of the issue, any campaign fanned in the press. This time they warmly responded to the call of Kumanev and Dobrobaba. Katusev F. A. Alien glory of Ivan Dobrobaba
The Soviet soldiers had dinner twice already. First in the post-war years, then in Perestroika. But the new time requires new varieties of corpse-eating. The USSR was destroyed for the sake of the triumph of the market economy - or rather, for the sake of the possibility of legal enrichment, which it gives. And the former secretaries of regional committees, Komsomol leaders, Chekists and directors of enterprises, having ruined great country, have turned thanks to the market economy into those against whom they once swore to fight at party meetings, and into those from whom they swore to protect the Soviet people. The market economy has its own laws. Demand creates supply, and if the humiliated people had anything in order, it was with the demand for the heroic deeds of their ancestors. And it began. In the USSR, parades on Red Square were held in anniversary years- 1965, 75, 85 and 90th. Starting with Yeltsin, they became annual. Victory Day is celebrated on such a grand scale that even Brezhnev never dreamed of, not to mention Stalin, who celebrated the anniversary twice, and then decided that one should not rest on one's laurels, one should move forward. To new reasons for pride. They carry mummers "veterans" around the city, who are fit to be sons as real veterans, paint everything that is possible in St. George's (not red!) colors. Nightclubs invite you to the "victory night" party, food workers hang guards ribbons on "Danish cod". Stickers "T-34" are hung on BMWs, and "To Berlin" - on Volkswagens, striptease contests (sorry, modern dance) and bodybuilding competitions are timed to coincide with Victory Day. Dry closets and cans of beer are painted in patriotic colors... And many people already consider this to be the norm. A film directed by Salopa from the same series. Salopa's motives have nothing to do with patriotism. As he himself says in interview , "I really love stories about heroes. And 28 Panfilov's people are very beautiful story. In addition to the fact that this story is real, among other things, it is also very beautiful, because this battle of a small numberAheroes vs. a large number enemies, and the battle, and such,
selfless. This is a story, this is a feat, this is a story of selflessness. This is very cool.
This is a very famous feat, oh, a very famous feat. Moreover, there, looking back, there are not so many feats of the Great Patriotic War that are immediately heard. This is one of those feats. And there is no movie. What a luck!"(starting at 3:35). And the choice of the scandalous name was clearly deliberate. Could Salopa not know about all the pitfalls? Could not. It is clear that Challopa is deceiving when he says that, starting to create a film, he shoveled a bunch of data, studied archival documents. It is nonsense in our era - for the authors of historical cinema to conduct historical research. But after all, to unearth the necessary evidence and evaluate them is not even a matter of days, but of hours. And all this can be done without leaving home, the Internet provides such an opportunity. Indeed, with more or less careful acquaintance, it would become clear that it is impossible to make a film based on the stories of Krivitsky in the interpretation of Kumanev. And yet, the name "28 ..." was chosen. The version of "conscientious idiocy" is consistent in the case of the regulars of the goblin site. But in the case of those who cut their wool, it does not roll. Everything around which spears were breaking and breaking, and all that had to be done to stop everything and not escalate mass hysteria was to remove 2 things from the film. - -- Remove "28" from the name. Name "Panfilov's", "Panfilov's heroes", "4th company", "Dubasekovo" ... To the best of your imagination, there are a lot of options. -- To remove policeman Dobrobaba from the film.
And what difference does it make, whether this is all true or not true, some will ask the question again. After all, the main thing is that there should be a propaganda effect - this is how other patriots argue. Without even noticing that they are reasoning exactly as Goebbels once argued. And exactly as Goebbels declares to those who do not like the glorification of a fictitious feat, that they are not patriots. Moreover, their argumentation simply coincides verbatim with Dobrobaba's argumentation! Say, you deny the heroism of the policeman and the cooking of journalists - agree to the point that we did not win the war either. Do not love your homeland, scoundrels! 
Monument to Dobrobaba in Tsimlyansk. Already with a star, but so far with an unofficial one. Vlasov next? But Goebbels, unlike his current Russian associates, desperately using his arguments to justify the film - old people, Medina and other goblins - was a smart man. And he understood that from such outright nonsense, if there is a propaganda effect, then with a "-" sign. Goebbels would have twisted his finger at his temple and sent such an employee to the eastern front for stupidity and unsuitability. Let's finish with the nasty PR campaign that preceded the film, and talk about him. Perhaps, despite everything, the film itself turned out to be correct? No. Here it is necessary to make a small digression into the history of the film. Shalyopa and Puchkov collected money for it for several years. And how many more years they would collect more (and there, you see, either the donkey or the padishah will die), is unknown. However, there were sponsors who gave the missing money, which the Internet managed to collect only 20% of the final cost of the film. The main sponsor (read, customer) was the Ministry of Culture headed by Medinsky. It was then that the aforementioned microgoebbels, working according to manuals, joined the PR of the film. Starikov, Marakhovsky, etc. 
The notorious Russian Military Historical Society, which is also headed by Medinsky, also took an active part in the promotion of the film. And which has recently been marked by such actions as the sticker of royal eagles on the cars of the Victory parade, the monument to Nicholas II in Belgrade and ... the installation of the same board to Mannerheim. And where in the scientific council (headed by the same Churov) sits the already known Kumanev. By the way, when Medinsky writes angry rebukes to the "complete scum", he does not quote anyone, but his deputy for the RVIO Kumanev. Actually, there is no one to quote from academic historians besides Kumanev ... Or rather, we already have someone: now we have the Medinsky academic historian himself: the same doctor of science as Kumanev, but not yet an academician, this is ahead. Krivitsky gives birth to Kumanev, Kumanev gives birth to Medinsky... And what will happen next is scary to think about. 
Thus, in addition to people who chipped in on the "correct and honest" about soviet film, the painting had another customer. Whose kung fu do you think was better? Let's see! Not a single red flag in the film, which was allegedly filmed in order to differ in the pro-Soviet direction from the Bondarchuk-Mikhalkovs. No mention of Soviet power and Comrade Stalin. The film never mentions Soviet internationalism. This is despite the fact that half of the division (including this regiment) are Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. They shouted that they would make a Soviet film! But in the end, the White Guard sponsor ordered, and the principal authors of the "honest and correct" film acted like girls. Those who are danced by the one who treats them. But in the film there is Dobrobaba. They don’t call him by his last name, but they call him by his first name and patronymic. Apparently, the authors of the film felt a spiritual kinship with the policeman: "
In my opinion, it is better not to consider a traitor a traitor than to humiliate a real hero. Dobrobabin was a man who wanted to live, not die"
.
- dir. Shallopa.
Moreover, the Dobrobaby in the film, perhaps, is the most. And he behaves most heroically: in full accordance with his own stories, recorded by Kumanev. REFERENCE
The Perekop Village Council hereby certifies that during the period of the German occupation of the village of Perekop from October 1941 to September 1943, the German occupiers and the elders who assisted and assisted them and the local rural police were: 1) kidnapped youthto Germany for hard labor -170 people; 2) stolen cattle -up to 100 goals;5/II -- 1948
The real Deev?
Apparently, the surname "Diev", heard by Chernyshov and Koroteev at the headquarters of the 16th Army, is a distortion of the surname Georgiev. ml. political instructor Andrei Nikolaevich Georgiev, who was the commissar of the tank destroyer detachment, really died in an unequal battle with German tanks, remaining at the head of a small detachment to cover the exit from the encirclement of our units. Political instructor Georgiev, introduced to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, appears in the memoirs of the commandant of the headquarters of the regiment Melnikov as Yegordiev. Obviously, from the confusion of the names of Georgiev-Egordiev, a mistake occurred. When transmitting information about the feat along the chain from the regiment to the headquarters of the division, and then to correspondents, he turned into Yegor Diev. So the surname Diev appeared in the articles of Chernyshev and Koroteev, written on the traces that had not yet cooled down. When Krivitsky was looking for real names in order to fit them under his nonsense, he did not find the end of this story. Yes, and I hardly looked for it. He announced the first murdered political officer that came to hand as Diev (he turned out to be Klochkov), and out of more than 100 names of the dead soldiers of his company, he randomly chose the remaining 27. This is how he looked in those november days 41st year genuine heroism. Even in those days, what was done by the tank destroyer unit under the leadership of Commander Ugryumov and Commissar Georgiev deserved to be known at the army headquarters. Let's give the floor to the award list. Georgiev Andrey Nikolaevich. ml. political instructor. Commissar of the fighter detachment of the 1073rd Infantry Regiment of the 8th Guards. Division Panfilov. born in 1916 Russian. Member of the CPSU (b). ... 17 fighters, led by Commissar Georgiev, fought fiercely and stubbornly in an unequal battle under the hurricane fire of tanks, machine guns, and submachine gunners. Commissar Georgiev personally inspiring the fighters himself, to his full height with a bunch of grenades with the slogan "For the Motherland, for Stalin!" rushed to the tank and destroyed it. Of the first 4 tanks, 2 tanks were destroyed, 2 were shot down and turned back.... ... regiment and 690 infantry regiment left the encirclement .... Of the 17 daredevils, 13 died in this battle. At the moment of throwing a grenade to completely explode the wrecked tanks, Commissar Georgiev was also killed with a shell in the chest.
In addition to identifying the names (there are no Dievs in the lists of the Panfilov division) and describing the feat, there is another circumstance that allows us to think that it is Andrei Nikolaevich Georgiev who is that political instructor Diev. This place is from the book "Volokolamsk Highway" by Alexander Beck. The narration in the book is conducted in the first person - on behalf of the battalion commander Momysh-Ula. And in it, the red commander and his biographer never deviate from what Momysh-Uly saw personally, with his own eyes. Except for one short episode. Putting the map in his lap, he continued to listen. - And Ugryumov? - Panfilov's face immediately seemed to be older, the folds around the mouth became sharper. - And Georgiev? At the bridge? I see. Is anyone left alive? Wait a minute, I'll point it out. ... Panfilov softly, without knocking, hung up and returned Dorfman's card. - Do you remember, Comrade Momysh-Uly, Lieutenant Ugryumov? I briefly answered: - Yes. Of course, I wish I didn't remember the snub-nosed freckled lieutenant, whom the cook Vakhitov once surrounded with porridge, who looked like a country boy - a boy with a reasonable speech and a strong hand. - He died ... Did you know political instructor Georgiev? Also died. Almost all of this little detachment laid down their heads. But did not miss the tanks. Nine cars were blown up, the rest left. You see, Comrade Dorfman, things are getting clearer. But there are still many mysteries. - Panfilov scratched his cropped head. It looks like a book with torn pages. It is necessary that these pages do not disappear. We need to restore them. Read this book. Let us also pay attention to the fact that even in the very first note of the correspondent Ivanov, written in hot pursuit on November 19, this number of tanks was mentioned: 9. It is clear that we are talking about the same feat, rumors about which were heard by Krivitsky and turned them for commercial purposes into a shameless deceitful concoction. No, it was no accident that such an uncharacteristic episode got into this book. Baurdzhan Momysh-Uly and his biographer Alexander Bek knew who the hero really was. And they gave a subtle hint in the book through the mouth of General Panfilov. "... a book with torn pages. These pages must not be lost. We must restore them. Read this book."- bequeathed to us by General Panfilov. And we're following the orders of the dead general.
1075 joint venture with two anti-tank platoons, 2 76mm guns 296 anti-tank guns
stubbornly defend the site: high. 251.0, Petelino, times. Dubosekovo
BATTLE ORDER №013 SHADIV 316
CHRISTMAS 10/31/1941
Battle Group 1 in combat with an enemy who is stubbornly defending
on the edge of the forest south of the highway, on the sowing line. Shiryaevo - 1.5 south. Petelino
Interim report to V Corps
15:30 16.11.1941
The myth of mythicity
A complete description of the events of November 16 in the Volokolamsk region is like a good 20-page article, with illustrations. If with the neighbors of the 316th rifle division, At the tactical level, with analysis to the company, on the scale of the division with wide arrows, of course, it is much shorter. Therefore, we will try to briefly consider the main theses that are usually put forward by the whistleblowers of the feat of the Panfilovites. The version "everyone fled or surrendered after artillery preparation, found 6 corpses, there was no battle" will not be considered, it will be eliminated by itself during the consideration of documents.
The most typical thesis of whistleblowers is that "the Germans passed through Dubosekovo without noticing the Panfilovites", no mention in German documents. Allegedly, in fact, the 2nd Panzer Division was stopped by anti-tank artillery regiments, 296 anti-tank artillery regiments and 768 anti-tank artillery regiments, together with the 1073 regiment, they made the main contribution, delaying the Germans for 4 hours. The most striking supporter of this version is the historian Isaev
These documents say that the Germans drove through Dubosekovo without noticing much. No people who knocked out 18 tanks from them are mentioned in these documents. The biggest and saddest problem is that those who then really stopped the German tanks near Volokolamsk - anti-tankmen, reserves, pulled up by the end of the day on November 16, 1941 - we we don't know anything about them.
Investigation of the 48th year. Kaprov's testimony.
As arguments, materials of the investigation of the 48th year are cited, instead of parsing documents of the 316th rifle division and the German 2nd tank division. A dubious source, Colonel Kaprov testifies about the events of 7 years ago, after which 4 years of war passed, undoubtedly containing many bright events. In particular, Kaprov claims that his headquarters was located 500 meters beyond Dubosekovo.
"My command post was behind the Dubosekovo junction at the crossing booth about 1/2 km from the position of the 4th company."
What does not correspond to the documents, (see image) the headquarters was located 500 meters north of the 6th company near Petelino. There, by the way, political instructor Vikhrev, who received the title of GSS for this battle, heroically died. There the Germans broke through. Colonel Kaprov, due to the prescription of events, confused the 4th company at Dubosekovo and the 6th company at Petelino.
In fact, Duboskovo was located 2 km through a snowy forest, out of line of sight. Was there a telephone connection with the company? Hardly.
German documents
"The Germans drove through Dubosekovo without noticing resistance." Recently, documents of the 2nd Panzer Division were made public. Until recently, they were not - it is quite possible that the whistleblowers did not read them, otherwise their version was different. Here is a link to the page you need - http://ic.pics.livejournal.com/dms_mk1/42227490/183435/183435_original.jpg Here is a link to an attempt to translate and map events - http://dms-mk1.livejournal.com/ 5832.html.
When studying the railway (or KTB, Kried tage buch), a record was found with an interim report to the 5th building. (see picture)
At 15:30 Moscow time, the "enemy" stubbornly defends itself on the line 1.5 south. Petelino - sowing. Shiryaevo. Approximately 1.5 km south. Petelino is Dubosekovo, where the 4th company was located. In Shiryaevo was the neighboring 5th company of the 2nd battalion. It should be noted that the company positions were not located exactly at the geographical points indicated on the map, but trying on the terrain - apparently in the forest, behind the folds of the terrain, behind the railway embankment. In the forest, on roads and paths, mines were planted and blockages were equipped, which were covered by fire.
The report to the corps may be delayed relative to the real time of events, since it is compiled based on the results of the morning battles, as Ulanov and Tomzov, authors of the article about the battle near Dubosekovo on warspot.ru, clarify. The question is how much? In any case, it is important to note that they were still stubbornly defending near Dubosekovo at a time when the Germans were already near Yadrovo.
In the same recording, we see the location of the second battle group, which went far to the north. 2600m north Nikolsky - this is the depth of orders of 1073 sp.
PTAPs are located along the highway.
Already at 14:00 (16:00 Moscow time) Christmas is taken. (this is north of Yadrovo) Even if the report at 13:30 (15:30) was very late, nevertheless, the German documents do not mention PTAPs, and not the 4th company. Anti-tank guns were deployed along the highway. To the south of the highway is a forest, most likely they did not have a good sector of fire for approaches from Nikolsky. According to the scheme, only one 76 mm gun, located west of Yadrovo, could cover the crossing of the stream. Against the battle group of a tank division, consisting of a company of tanks and infantry with artillery.
When studying German documents, it turns out that the Germans "did not notice" the PTAPs covering the highway, and the 4th and 5th companies were marked with a record of "stubborn defense". The main blow fell on the positions of the 6th company near Petelino, which were broken through at 13:20. (15:20) This includes the death of political instructor Vikhrev, the memories of Colonel Kaprov about the tanks that broke through to the headquarters.
Around 14.00-15.00, the Germans opened heavy artillery fire on all positions of the regiment, and the German tanks again went on the attack. Moreover, they went in a deployed front, in waves, approximately 15-20 tanks in a group. More than 50 tanks attacked the regiment's sector, and the main attack was directed at the positions of the 2nd battalion, since this sector was most accessible to enemy tanks (7).
For about 40-45 minutes, enemy tanks crushed the location of the 2nd battalion, including the sector of the 4th company, and one tank even went to the location of the command post of the regiment and set fire to hay and a booth, so that I only accidentally managed to get out of dugout; I was saved by the railroad embankment. When I got over the railway embankment, people who survived the attack of German tanks began to gather around me. The 4th company suffered the most from the attack; led by the company commander Gundilovich, 20-25 people survived, the rest all died. The rest of the companies suffered less ...
As noted above, Kaprov confuses the 4th and 6th companies. Dubosekovo was located 2 km to the south and turned out to be east of the main attack of the Germans.
It should be added that at 15:30 the neighbors of the 316th Rifle Division on the left, the Dovator group, recaptured Morozovo, cutting off the right "wedge" of the German offensive. Details are still unknown, whether at that moment the soldiers of the 4th company were near Dubosekovo or had already retreated to the northeast.
conclusions
The whistleblowers' arguments that "the Germans passed through Dubosekovo without noticing resistance" are incorrect. Panfilov's men from the 4th and 5th companies put up stubborn resistance to superior enemy forces, having no anti-tank weapons other than 8 anti-tank rifles. There were no 18 knocked out tanks, the entire regiment knocked out from 4 to 6 tanks, 2 of them from anti-tank rifles. There were not 28 Panfilovs, but the 4th company, the 5th company, the 6th company. 1073rd regiment, 3rd battalion of the 1075th regiment. There was an outstanding battle at Dubosekovo, an outstanding battle, of rifle companies with small arms and 8 tanks against a tank division of 90 tanks, with a motorized Schutzbrigade, an infantry regiment, and artillery. In the future, it is necessary to consider in more detail the records in the German railway, to study and map the events from the railway of the neighbors of the 316th division - the Dovator group, 1 guards. tbr.
In the years Great Patriotic War many heroic deeds were performed. People gave their own lives so that the future population of the country would be happy and live without worries. Take, for example, the battles Leningrad. The soldiers stopped the cartridges with their breasts, went on the offensive in order to prevent the Germans from passing forward. But did all the exploits that we know about actually happen? Let's understand the real story of the heroes - 28 Panfilov's men will help us with this.
as we used to see
We are still with school desks talked about real history 28 Panfilov. Of course, the information given at school is taken as an ideal. Therefore, the story, which has been familiar since youthful times, sounds like this.
In mid-November 1941, when only five months had passed after the start of the Nazi invasion, 28 people from one of the rifle regiments defended themselves from the Nazi offensive near Volokolamsk. The head of the operation was Vasily Klochkov. The fight against the enemies lasted more than four hours. For all the time, the heroes were able to raze about twenty tanks to the ground, stopping the Germans for several hours. Unfortunately, no one managed to survive - everyone was killed. In the spring of 1942, the whole country was already aware of what they had done 28 heroes. An order was issued that stated that posthumous orders of Heroes of the Soviet Union should be awarded to all fallen soldiers. In the summer of the same year, the titles were awarded.
The real story of the heroes - 28 Panfilov's - Sekretov.Net
Or are they all dead?
Ivan Dobrobabin, after the end of the war, in 1947, was convicted of treason to the country. According to the prosecutor's office, in early 1942 he was captured by the Germans, who later remained in the service. In a year Soviet forces still got to him, putting him behind bars. But there for a long time Ivan did not stay - he fled. His next action is clear - he again left to serve the Nazis. He worked in the German police, where he arrested citizens of the Soviet Union.
After the end of the war, a forced search was made at Dobrobabin's house. The police were shocked to find a book about 28 Panfilov's men, where Ivan was listed as dead! Of course, he had the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
A traitor to his homeland understands that his position leaves much to be desired. Therefore, it is desirable to tell the authorities everything that happened in reality. According to him, he was among these 28 people, but the Nazis did not kill him, but simply shell-shocked him. Checking all the dead, the Germans found Dobrobabina alive and taken prisoner. He did not stay long in the camp - he managed to escape. Ivan goes to the village where he was born and spent his youth. But it turned out to be occupied by the Germans. It was too late to go back, so he decides to stay in the police service.
The story of the traitor is not over yet. In 1943, the Russian army advances again. Ivan has nothing left to do but run to Odessa where his relatives lived. There, of course, no one suspected that the pious Russian soldier was working for the Nazis. When Soviet troops approached the city, Dobrobabin again found himself in the ranks of his compatriots, continuing the joint offensive. The war ended for him Vienna.
After the war, in 1948, a military tribunal was held. Based on the ruling Ivan Dobrobabin sentenced to fifteen years in prison, confiscation of property and deprivation of all orders and medals, including one of the highest ranks received posthumously. In the mid-1950s, the term of imprisonment was reduced to seven years.
His fate after prison was such that he moved to his brother, where he lived to be 83 years old and died an ordinary death.
Newspaper doesn't lie
In 1947, it turns out that not everyone died. One not only remained alive, but also betrayed the country, being in the German service. The prosecutor's office launched an investigation into the events that actually happened.
According to the documents, the newspaper A red star"was one of the first to publish a note about the heroic deeds. The correspondent was Vasily Koroteev. He decided to omit the names of the soldiers, but only said that no one was left alive.
A day later, in the same newspaper, a small article entitled "The Testament of the Panfilovites" appears. It says that all the fighters were able to stop the enemy's advance on the Soviet Union. Alexander Krivitsky was the newspaper's secretary at the time. He also signed the article.
After signing the material about the feat of the heroes in the Red Star, a material appears in which all the names were published fallen heroes, where, of course, flaunted Ivan Dobrobabin.
A few survived!
If you believe the chronicle of events about the real history of 28 Panfilov, it becomes clear that during the check in the case of the heroes, Ivan Dobrobabin was not the only survivor in that battle. According to sources, in addition to him, at least five more people did not die. During the battle, they were all injured, but survived. Some of them were captured by the Nazis.
Daniil Kuzhebergenov, one of the participants in the battle, was also captured. He stayed there for only a few hours, which was quite enough for the prosecutor's office to admit that he himself had surrendered to the Germans. This led to the fact that at the award ceremony his name was changed to another one. Of course, he did not receive the award. And until the end of his life he was not recognized as a participant in the battle.
The prosecutor's office studied all the materials of the case and came to the conclusion that there was no story about the 28 Panfilovites. Allegedly, this was invented by a journalist. How true this is is known only to the archive, where all the documents of that time are stored.
Interrogation of the commander
Ilya Karpov is the commander of the 1075th regiment, where all 28 people served. When the prosecutor's office conducted an investigation, Karpov was also present at it. He said that there were no 28 heroes who stopped the Germans.
In fact, at that time the fascists were opposed by the fourth company, from which more than a hundred people died. Not a single correspondent of the newspaper approached the regiment commander for explanations. Of course, Karpov did not talk about any 28 soldiers, since they simply did not exist. He was completely unaware of what was the basis for writing an article in a newspaper.
In the winter of 1941, a correspondent from the newspaper " A red star”, From which the commander learns about some Panfilovites who defended their homeland. Newspapermen admitted that it was exactly so many people that were needed to write a note.
According to journalists
Krivitsky Alexander, who was a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, reports that his material about 28 Panfilov standing on the defense of the country, is a complete fiction. None of the soldiers gave evidence to the journalist.
According to the prosecutor's office, which conducted the investigation, everyone who was in the battle died. Two people from the company raised their hands, which meant only that they were ready to surrender to the Germans. Our soldiers did not tolerate betrayal and killed two traitors themselves. There was no word in the documents about the number of people who fell in the battle. And even more so, the names remained unknown.
When the journalist returned to the capital again, he told the editor “ Red Star» about the battle, where Russian soldiers participated. Later, when asked about the number of people participating, Krivitsky replied that there were about forty people, of which two were traitors. Gradually, the number decreased to thirty people, two of whom surrendered to the Germans. Therefore, 28 people are considered heroes.
The locals think that...
According to the local population, at that time there were actually fierce battles with the Nazi forces. Six people who turned out to be dead were buried in these parts. There is no doubt that the Soviet soldiers really heroically defended the country.
/ Alexander Zhuravlev
The 75th anniversary of the Battle of Moscow raised a new wave of controversy about the main symbol of that victory - 28 Panfilov soldiers. Informburo special investigation.
The legendary battle at the Dubosekovo junction took place exactly 75 years ago. The weather then, in November 1941, was the same as it is now - in November 2016: a convincing minus was fixed by snowfall and drifting snow. The German was clearly in a hurry to take the Soviet capital in the calendar autumn and especially ironed the Volokolamsk bridgehead with bombing.
The regiments that the German command was going to march to Red Square landed 100 kilometers from Moscow. The 316th motorized rifle division stood across the brave columns of the Wehrmacht, dragged out the fighting for four long days; as a result, she forced the enemy to transfer troops to another direction, and gave her own the opportunity to regroup forces for the effective defense of Moscow.
Volokolamsk. Moscow region / Alexander Zhuravlev
Tactics, as is known, justified itself, and even the most frenzied critic does not undertake to dispute these well-known facts. And the point here is not at all the success of Soviet propaganda. The battle for Moscow firmly settled both in the fields of those, and in archival funds, and in our memory from the Soviet school, where they taught - for which the division was given the name of its divisional commander.
Anniversaries are always another reason to throw up, pat, troll. And when a big anniversary, promoted, ideologically fragile - even more so. "The Feat of Twenty-Eight" is a constant field of irreconcilable "trench" battles in the landscape of social networks, where the line of contact has scarred the entire length of the Internet. Say that you believe in 28 Panfilovites, and I will immediately tell you who you are. And I'll label it.
One or two documents to kindle "Facebook justice". Yes, and the matter is small - to sow doubts. Trolling is not a problem these days - anyone, any way. The reference-report "On 28 Panfilovites" by the chief military prosecutor of the USSR Afanasyev became a turning point for the entire Panfilov story. The battle near Moscow was openly called a Soviet fake.
“The materials of the investigation established that the feat of 28 Panfilov guardsmen, covered in the press, is a fiction of the correspondent Koroteev, the editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda Ortenberg, and especially the literary secretary of the newspaper Krivitsky. This fiction was repeated in the works of writers N. Tikhonov, V. Stavsky, A. Bek, N. Kuznetsov, V. Lipko, M. Svetlov and others, and was widely popularized among the population of the Soviet Union, "concludes the chief military prosecutor of the USSR Armed Forces Nikolai Afanasyev in his investigation.
The counterargument was the date of the investigation of the feat by the Chief Military Prosecutor's Office. Skeptics immediately picked up: since they dug so deeply, and made conclusions so boldly, it means that there was an order from above. "The legend of 28 Panfilov's men" was openly popularized by Zhukov, but after the war the marshal fell into disgrace, and a publicly debunked feat could seriously spoil the commander's blood.
Monument to the Panfilov Heroes at the Dubosekovo junction / Alexander Zhuravlev
However, the hasty and "inconsistent conclusions" of the Main Military Prosecutor's Office were noticed in time "where necessary": Afanasiev's prosecutor's certificate was shoved under the carpet, and the version of the "false feat" was hushed up. And they even asked themselves the question: who benefits from all this - to deny the feat near Moscow? Krivitsky only confirmed in the 1970s that such a "order", typical of the Stalinist regime, directly demanded from him a recognition that "28 Panfilovites are the fruit of his author's imagination."
“I was told that if I refuse to testify that I completely invented the description of the battle at Dubosekovo and that I didn’t talk to any of the seriously wounded or surviving Panfilov before the publication of the article, then I would soon find myself in Pechora or Kolyma. In the circumstances, I had to say that the battle at Dubosekovo was my literary fiction, ”recalls the literary secretary of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper Alexander Krivitsky.
But go and call 28 Panfilov's a myth - and opponents will immediately peck and hang shameful tags. A sharp line, where an adequate discussion is easily turned off, the society roughly cuts into two irreconcilable parts. Draining another document - and shreds flew through the back streets. While some are attacking, others are defending themselves, pulling up reserves in order to get a decent "response". Just have time for the fan, you know what to throw ...
"Those who are now trying to denigrate the feat of the soldiers of the 8th Guards Division themselves admit that during the defense of Moscow, such and such a sector of the front was defended by a division formed in Almaty - the 8th Guards Rifle Division. The critics themselves admit this. Everything else is insinuations "The clearest example of our heritage is that during the war years, all peoples united and, despite any hardships, stood up as a united front to defend their Fatherland. And now they want to knock it out from us and plant other positions that are alien to us," said the chairman of the Almaty City Committee of Veterans of the Great Patriotic War Kupesbai Zhanpeisov.
The story of that battle was hyped to the point of legend by the editors of Krasnaya Zvezda, the masters of the Soviet military editorial. Front-line correspondent Koroteev found a front-line report about the battle of Dubosekovo and, with the note "everyone died, but the enemy was not missed," sent it to his boss, the editor-in-chief of Krasnaya Zvezda, Ortenberg. So, from a real front-line feat, the Soviet media worker began to scrupulously “cut down” the motif of pop songs.
“On arrival in Moscow, I reported the situation to the editor of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, Ortenberg, about the company’s battle with enemy tanks. Ortenberg asked me how many people were in the company. I replied that there were about 30 people and that two of these people turned out to be traitors ... Thus, the number of those who fought appeared - 28 people. Ortenberg said that it was impossible to write about two traitors, and decided to write about only one traitor in the front line, ”from the testimony of the Krasnaya Zvezda front-line correspondent Vasily Koroteev to the Chief Military Prosecutor.
For a report from the scene, Ortenberg sent his subordinate, the literary secretary Krivitsky. The feat was supposed to hook the reader with heroic details. And Krivitsky sincerely believed that he did not play the game, directing certain moments. Country in the conditions of war and offensive of Nazi Germany. For the editor-in-chief of the "Red Star" the issue of propaganda was not in principle. Later, during interrogation, he directly admits that he imposed the number "28" on Krivitsky, as well as the format of the editorial: the testament of the fallen heroes.
"Krivitsky said: it is necessary that there be 28 Panfilov guardsmen who fought with German tanks. I told him that the entire regiment and especially the 4th company of the 2nd battalion fought with German tanks, and really fought heroically, but about I don’t know anything about the battle of 28 guardsmen ... More than 100 people died from the company, and not 28, as they wrote in the newspapers, "- from the testimony of the commander of the 1075th Infantry Regiment, Ilya Kaprov, to the Chief Military Prosecutor.
The place of the battle at the Dubosekovo junction / Alexander Zhuravlev
The Kaprov regiment, according to the materials of his interrogation, stated that he first heard about 28 Panfilovites only at the end of the 41st. There was never any documentation of that legendary battle in the division. And no one from the command officially confirmed anything to the correspondent Krivitsky, he entered the names himself, from memory. In the division, they generally learned about their heroes when award sheets came from the Center for 28 especially distinguished ones. Such a reporter's flight on the version of an accidental editorial error does not stretch in any way.
Krivitsky at the battle site near Dubosekovo does not find any participants in the feat or eyewitnesses and is limited to a survey of the local population, but they sat out at home, in basements and also heard the history of the Panfilovites only from words. And when the "Red Star" publishes that story, the real feat is finally hidden behind the screen of legend and doomed to eternal doubts. In his final version, the literary secretary Krivitsky writes about 29 Panfilovites: 28 heroes and 1 traitor.
Quote from the newspaper "Red Banner" / illustration site
During interrogations, Krivitsky himself called the legend of 28 Panfilovites "literary conjecture". The document of the Main Military Prosecutor's Office was declassified only in 2015, and it was he who provoked a new fuss - a new reason to dispel the "myth 28". I had a little doubt - and immediately got caught ... As soon as you begin to deny a dry, it would seem, figure, you immediately cast a shadow over the entire battle near Moscow. And nothing else.
The laws of propaganda have not changed much since the Soviet era, it's just that now there is a choice - whose position to take. And the choice is tough. Yes or no. Either on that, western side of the Dubosekovo junction, or on this one. And look - make no mistake. Remember, and more than once. And - with a chevron on the avatar of either a "quilted jacket" soviet, or a convert "maydanuty". There is no third.
Rally in honor of the opening of the monument to the soldiers of the Great Patriotic War in Volokolamsk / Alexander Zhuravlev
- “There, not 28 fighters fought against tanks, the 4th company died there. They all died, but they didn’t let the Germans through. 28 guardsmen, 100 Panfilov guardsmen is a matter of a different plan. to allow a revision of the common history so as not to repeat the tragic mistakes - what was made in prewar years", - says Bulat Sultanov, professor of the Kazakh-German University.
- “Indeed, the outcome of the war was decided - now we can talk about it - by Siberians and Kazakhstanis, Kazakhs. Of course, somewhere in the park, the names could be written inaccurately, someone after the battle could be captured, there could be inaccuracies, but no one has the right to dispute,” insists the scientific secretary of the National Congress of Historians Ziyabek Kabuldinov.
- “They are starting to say that the Soviet people and the Soviet Army fought under the guns of the NKVD. Each new generation comes and tries to revise it. We do not learn to respect history as it is, regardless of political or ideological preferences, or modern fashion which is dictated from somewhere, sometimes financed," Maharram Maharramov, a deputy of the Majilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, is convinced.
Those on this, eastern side, honestly admit: it is high time to publicly apologize to the entire 4th company. Not 28 died fighting off German tanks, but a good hundred. These are two-thirds of the real heroes of the battle of Moscow, whose names are not even "googled". We must apologize and repent if necessary, but the legend of 28 is no longer touched. It’s not our business to rethink the exploits of grandfathers.
“In an unequal battle with fascist tanks at the Dubosekovo junction, the fourth company of the 2nd battalion of the 1075th rifle regiment of the Panfilov division met. There were 130 of them. As the regiment commander Kaprov later recalled, only 20-25 people remained alive,” says the head museum complex "Volokolamsk Kremlin" Galina Odina.
- “The current generation of Kazakhstanis and Russians should carefully preserve the memory of how the Soviet people fought for their freedom and how many victims they laid on the single altar of Victory. The surrender of the Soviet capital could postpone the day of victory over the fascist yoke for a long time. at the opening of the monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, Vice-President of JSC Aluminum of Kazakhstan (ERG) Begziya Iskakova.
- “It seems to me that everyone who was not afraid to face the enemy, who in November-December 1941 fought to the death for his country was a hero. And in the trenches, it seems to me, people did not divide each other by nationality, religion, origin. And as long as we remember this, everything will be in order: in every region, house, family," Nurzhan Omarov, assistant to the military attache of the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Russian Federation, said at a rally in Volokolamsk.
- “In the hearts of the young, their generation is entrusted with the task of keeping this feat and this memory. You can’t give anyone a chance to try to refute it once again, and maybe again and again, in a few years, I don’t know, but these attempts will continue,” - Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Moscow Region of the Russian Federation Elmira Khaymurzina addressed the audience in the Victory Park of Volokolamsk.
Unexploded grenade of the 41st year / Alexander Zhuravlev
A small journalistic mistake that provoked big political consequences is not frankly drawn by history. If the legend 28 was only strengthened by the stars of the heroes, then they definitely would not have given the name of the division general for a fictitious feat in those days. The country that defeated fascism had enough real feats even without semi-mythical stories. Why fence extra gardens.
"Throughout the history Soviet army only two divisions were named after their commanders: the 25th Chapaev division and the 8th Guards Panfilov division. No other division was named after its commander," said Larisa Muzykant, the guide of the Panfilov Heroes Museum in the village of Nelidovo.
Who really benefits from debunking a legend to a myth? Is it possible that the country has so many feats promoted far beyond the borders, or at least human deeds, about which no less Borat fakes have been heard? Is there anything else you can be truly proud of? Why deny something you can't change - your own history? And why don't such facts, including facts, become the very bond that we have been unsuccessfully looking for for 25 years?
