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Superphysical vision operates exactly according to the same laws that govern physical vision. How did the laws of nature originate? amazing hypotheses of physicists

Superphysical vision operates exactly according to the same laws that govern physical vision. While out of the physical body during sleep, everyone has superphysical vision to some extent. Moreover, our astral and mental selves constantly receive vibrations and decipher them into concepts of our consciousness, and this happens in addition to the activity of the physical body and brain. Fortunately, these subjective experiences do not usually enter the brain, which is not designed to withstand such intense stress. In fact, that at the present stage of development of our brain we are not naturally clairvoyant, and do not remember our activities in a dream and our past lives - this is the mercy of Providence.
In order for the response to these superphysical vibrations to be safely incorporated into our physical waking consciousness, as is the case with clairvoyance, a very specific preparation of the brain and nervous system. One of the reasons for the warning against the development of purely psychic abilities as an end in itself, which is given to all neophytes of the spiritual path, and which the author repeats very strongly, is that the value of the results of superphysical perception will be incomparably less than that stress and the resulting decrease in physical efficiency. organism, to which such development will inevitably lead.
Clairvoyance greatly increases our life burden and makes physical existence infinitely more unbearable. Therefore, when you see students who might otherwise be very useful pay large sums money to self-proclaimed yogis, especially in America, who offer to open their chakras, you are filled with despair. Many of these people are pumping thousands of dollars out of the residents of large American cities, often leaving a trail of disturbed nervous systems in their wake. Even experienced students are not immune from the lure of an easy possession of occult powers, and are led astray by these impostors who prostitute the sacred science of yoga and dishonor the high rank of yogis, which they have not rightfully arrogantly appropriated to themselves.
Unity with the Highest - the only true yoga - cannot be bought for "thirty pieces of silver". Its price is life itself poured out in service and self-sacrifice. A neophyte with an unflinching will who is willing to pay this price will surely achieve this goal - Unity. If he strives for superphysical vision in order to improve his understanding and service, and such a desire is quite legitimate, he can be calm and confident that in the process of spiritual opening he will naturally and safely expand the limits of his perception, gradually adding to it octave after octave of vibrations. that lie outside our physical light spectrum.
Superphysical vision depends on the hit of light energy from an object on the surface of one of the superphysical bodies, and presumably on the synchronization of the vibrations of the vital aspects of the observer and the object. From the surface of the subtle body, this energy is transmitted to the center that constitutes the "I" of this conductor, that is, to the head of the mental or emotional body. If, as in clairvoyance, the results of this vision are to become known in the physical brain, a means must be found to change the level of their manifestation from the superphysical to the physical. There is a special mechanism for this, which, as we shall see, is in direct contrast to the physical parts of the mechanism of ordinary vision and their functions. IN this case the device must be "step-down", to use the term from electrical engineering. It may not be entirely accurate, but it suggests the right idea. This function is performed by the head chakra, and also by the pituitary and pineal glands, after they have been enlivened by the kundalini (see Chakras by C. Leadbeater and my book The Science of Clairvoyance).
In the process of superphysical vision, the spinal system operates in a sense on the principle of transmitter and receiver. The pituitary and pineal glands are like radio tubes that amplify the signal; and the kundalini - the occult energy present in the body - and the two vital airs, ida and pingala, form a charge coming from the network or from the battery, the role of which in this case is played by the sacral chakra, while the solar chakra in the center of the Earth plays the role of a planetary power plant .
Here we must pay some attention to the consideration of kundalini or "serpent fire" as it is sometimes called. If we turn to The Secret Doctrine, a real treasure trove of spiritual and occult knowledge, we will find that H. P. Blavatsky speaks of three states of manifestation of the vital force, which are kundalini, prana and fohat. They are said to be fundamental and not interchangeable in a given period of manifestation.
Kundalini is the ability to give or transmit life, prana is physically known as life force is the ability to organize life, and fohat is the ability to use and manipulate life. These three cosmic forces, manifestations respectively of the third, second and first aspects of the logos, are found on every plane of Nature in varying degrees of manifestation. Speaking of the "descent" of man, the author of The Secret Doctrine reports that the original triangle (monad) disappears into darkness and silence as soon as it is reflected in the heavenly man (I). This triangle, consisting of the mentioned three forces, "is displaced in man from the dust below seven." She is referring here to the dense physical body, which she calls "the man of dust," in which, as we find, these three forces are represented.
Kundalini is essentially creative, and although relatively weakly awakened in the dense physical body, it manifests itself as a sexual need. Coiled like a snake, it resides in a chakra at the base of the spine, which in turn is a transmission station for energy, similarly coiled at the center of the Earth.
Once awakened, the kundalini flows up the etheric channel in the spine called the sushumna nadi and passes through each of the chakras (or power centers) in the process. As it passes through the spinal centers from which the chakras emanate, part of its force flows down the axis of the funnel of each of them, occultly reviving them and thus awakening the person to self-conscious existence on the inner planes.

When it touches the splenic center, it gives a person the ability to travel out of the body at will. When it touches the heart center and opens it, then if the capacity of buddhic consciousness is sufficiently developed in the neophyte, it begins to flow through him to physical level and in his chest "the mystical rose blossoms." Then, in and through his personal vehicles, the Christ consciousness begins to manifest. The throat center, when enlivened, gives clairaudience, that is, a response to superphysical sound vibrations, as well as to those physical sounds that lie outside the normal sound range. The brow center, when opened, gives clairvoyance, and when the crown chakra, located in front of the fontanel, opens, the interaction between the higher self and the brain becomes wonderfully free, so that the neophyte is able to use his higher, spiritual consciousness simultaneously with the consciousness of the physical brain.

The full manifestation of all these forces in the waking consciousness requires a long and difficult training, and requires the full vitalization of the pituitary and pineal glands by the kundalini and its complementary forces. This process renders said glands overactive from an occult point of view and capable of responding to superphysical vibrational frequencies and superphysical consciousness, transmitting them to the brain, which also becomes oversensitive. After that, superphysical vision becomes largely a matter of practice and focusing of consciousness.
As stated earlier, the kundalini rises through the sushumna accompanied by two complementary forces, one positive and the other negative, called ida and pingala respectively. In fact, these two terms are designations for the two spinal channels through which the energies of akasha accompany the flowing serpent fire. These two oppositely polarized akasha forces meet and intersect in each of the chakras in the course of their ascent, and finally pass one into the pituitary gland and the other into the pineal gland.
Here you can recognize the ancient symbol of the caduceus. It consists of a wand, around which two snakes wind in opposite directions, with their tails down, heading towards the winged sphere crowning the symbol. The caduceus is a staff said to be carried by the god Hermes as a sign that he is the messenger of the gods. In this Greek symbol, the kundalini flows through the spinal canal, which is represented by the wand, and the two snakes represent the ida and pingala, while the winged sphere symbolizes the liberated soul of the person who has awakened and learned to use these hidden powers. So he truly becomes a messenger of heaven on earth, for he easily penetrates into the worlds of the inner Self and brings people knowledge and wisdom from these exalted realms; he is known as the "skywalker". (The cosmic interpretation of the caduceus can be found in Volume I of The Secret Doctrine, Part III, Section VIII, "Scientific Caduceus").
Deep occult information about this is not given to us lest we try to awaken the kundalini right away. On the contrary, we are strongly warned against any such attempt, but an academic study of this subject is of value, both to avoid the errors resulting from misconceptions and to acquire valuable knowledge that will already be at our disposal when the time comes to awaken this latent power.
The story of the sleeping beauty may also indicate the awakening of the kundalini in a person. The princess - a personality - slept for centuries, until the magical prince - the higher Self or Teacher - came and found her in a sleepy palace, symbolizing the physical plane, and awakened her with a kiss. This prince is a Teacher, or perhaps even a spiritual will, which alone is able to awaken this power earlier than its usual time. The kiss symbolizes the touch of the descending atma, which awakens the soul and invokes its inner forces. (Atma is the Sanskrit term for the higher principle of man, the spiritual will). The wedding of the characters at the end of the tale corresponds to the union of the higher and lower self that occurs when this stage of development is reached.
The vast majority of humanity from this point of view is still asleep, and will continue to sleep until the hour of awakening strikes.
Students sometimes find that this power has been awakened in a completely natural way, and tend to worry about the somewhat unusual sensations it produces. This is a burning sensation in the spine, rising or even rushing up and pouring into the head of energy, temporarily causing mental confusion, the sensation of an insect crawling on the forehead or occiput, whirling in the brain, throat, heart or solar plexus, the appearance of colors in the clouds, or flashes of color. , and sometimes a curious feeling of duality of consciousness, in which one part of the mind can be confused or overwhelmed strange phenomena, and the other is in full world or even in a state of rapture.
There is nothing to worry about, there is nothing to be afraid of. It is necessary to maintain calmness of the mind, suspend all meditative exercises and observe new experiences without attachment, until the hyperactivity of the mechanism of consciousness subsides along with the first flow of energy.
It is very important that no student of the inner life should ever concentrate on the kundalini, on the various centers or particular parts of the body or brain, for there is great danger in this practice.
The goal of spiritual efforts is not the development of psychic abilities or magical powers. The goal is unity with the Highest and the ability to perceive the One Life among all the huge variety of forms. And here the Bhagavad Gita is an inexhaustible source of guidance and inspiration. The true purpose of the Vision is indicated in the following immortal slokas:
“Whoever harmonizes his “I” and cast off sin, that yogi easily experiences boundless bliss from contact with Brahman. Yoga harmonized “I” sees the Higher Self abiding in everything that exists and everything that exists is abiding in the Higher Self; everywhere it sees one He who sees Me everywhere and sees everything in Me, I will never leave him, and he will never leave Me. way of life. Seeing the likeness of the Higher Self in everything and through that knowing the identity of everything, both pleasant and unpleasant, he is considered a perfect yogi, O Arjuna!"
(Bhagavad-gita, VI.28-32, quoted in the translation of A. Kamenskaya)
This enlightenment, this attainment, the soul of the awakened neophyte always longs for. And once having experienced this thirst, he no longer knows rest. Life after life, an irresistible inner motive power moves him forward. The vision of immortal beauty and perfection draws and calls to him, and throughout his great quest "a light never seen on land or sea" shines upon him, and illuminates his path to eternal peace and bliss, which he knows waiting for him at the end of the road.

Morphological and functional features of the autonomic nervous system:

1. focal representation nerve centers of the SNS and PSNS in the CNS and.

The bodies of the first neurons are located

A/. SNA- side horns thoraco-lumbar department spinal cord . B/. PSNS- three zones where its centers lie: a) mesencephalic department (branches in the oculomotor nerve - the pupil, some salivary glands) ;b) bulbar department - facial, glossopharyngeal nerve and n. vagus; in ) sacral department - PS centers of innervation of the pelvic organs . And as a consequence focal output outside the CNS

2. Non-segmental innervation. It is not the segments that innervate (like the somatic NS), but large zones, there is no definite ordering (some zones of innervation are layered on others).

3. Two-neuronality- contains two classes of neurons (1st and 2nd ANS neurons). Both neurons are characterized by more low excitability compared to neurons in the somatic nervous system. First neuron located within the CNS second- in vegetative ganglia.

4. Presence of ganglia- part of the central nervous system, taken out in the course of evolution to the periphery. Bineuronality and the presence of a ganglion allows isolate the preganglionic fiber(axon of the 1st neuron, does not reach the executive organ) and postganglionic(axon of the 2nd neuron).

5.Low conduction rate. The presence of a slow preganglionic fiber (represented by type B), an even slower postganglionic fiber (type C), and an additional synapse with a synaptic delay cause a low speed of excitation.

6. Having two synapses (central or preganglionic And peripheral or postganglionic).

Features of the conduction of excitation in autonomic synapses:

A). Significant synaptic delay(5 times more than in the central synapses).

b). Long duration EPSP(excitatory postsynaptic potential).

V). Severe and prolonged trace hyperpolarization ganglion neurons.

G). lowering rhythm transformation And very low lability(no more than 15 pulses per second)

VNS presented two departments: A) sympathetic nervous system(SNA), b) parasympathetic nervous system(PSNS).

Differences in the structure and functioning of the departments of the VNS:

A. Centers: SNS- located compactly, spatially united. PSNS- pronounced focality.

b. Ganglia: SNS- close to the spinal column; form para- and prevertebral chains, are interconnected by rami communicantes (i.e., the process of the 1st neuron in the ganglion closes on several 2 neurons - cartoon effect ); - PSNS- next to the executing organ or intramurally, not interconnected;

V. Nerve fibers: SNS- preganglionic fibers are short, postganglionic - long. PSNS- preganglionic fibers - long, postganglionic - short.

G. Reaction: SNS- generalized (because centers interact, at the level of ganglia - even greater generalization); PSNS- local, regional.

However, in any case, the excitation of one first neuron autonomic nervous system gives much more common reaction than excitation of one neuron somatic nervous system.

VNS functions:

1. trigger influence - the phenomenon of starting the function of an organ

2. Corrective influence - (regulation of pacemaker activity), Regulation of the heart

3. Adaptive-trophic influence (characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system). Primarily trophic changes, metabolism and already secondarily- function. Phenomenon of Orbeli - Ginetsinsky - irritation of the sympathetic nerve innervating the vessels of the skeletal muscle relieves fatigue from the skeletal muscle even with continued stimulation through the somatic nerve.

Influence of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system on the organs

Majority internal organs It has double innervation.

For a number of organs only sympathetic innervation(blood vessels of the skin, abdominal organs and muscles, skeletal muscles, uterus, sensory organs and adrenal medulla (itself - like a huge SNS ganglion)).

Externally activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems is characterized by antagonistic effect to the function of the organ. However, when considering internal meaning of the multidirectionality of this influence, it is clear that this confrontation is only external. Manifested in principle of synergy(mutual reinforcement and mutual assistance).

1. SNS activation leads to an increase in the functional activity of the body during the fight, flight.

2. PSNS activation observed during rest, recuperation, digestion.

Vegetative reflexes

1. Viscero-visceral(change in blood pressure - change in the work of the heart).

2. Viscero-cut (viscero-dermal) - with a disease of internal organs - changes in sensitivity, paresthesia, changes in sweating.

3. Cutano-visceral (dermovisceral ) - mustard plasters, banks, massage, acupuncture.

4. Viscero-somatic- stimulation of the chemoreceptors of the carotid sinus with CO 2 stimulates the work of the respiratory muscles (intercostal muscles).

5.Somato-visceral- physical. work is a change in the activity of the CCC and the respiratory system.

Autonomic reflexes most frequently evaluated in practical medicine:

1. pain reflex- activates SNS (sensitivity diagnostics).

2. Char reflex- Irritation of intestinal loops, peritoneum leads to slowing down or stopping of heartbeats (PSNS activation).

3. Dagnini-Ashner reflex - (eye-heart reflex ) - pressure on the eyeballs (increased intraocular pressure) - decrease in heart rate (also with paroxysmal tachycardia).

4. reflex d respiratory arrhythmia (respiratory-cardiac reflex ) - decrease in heart rate at the end of exhalation.

5. reflex orthostatic response- increase in heart rate and blood pressure when moving from a horizontal to a vertical position.

11. Humoral regulation of functions ...

Humoral regulation carried out at the expense chemical substances in biological fluids (blood, lymph, intercellular fluid).

These substances are called biologically active substances(BAS), they interact with membrane receptors.

Classification of biologically active substances (BAS):

1. Non-specific metabolites .

2. Specific metabolites:

a) tissue hormones (parahormones);

b) true hormones.

Non-specific metabolites- metabolic products produced by any cell in the process of life and have biological activity (CO 2 , lactic acid).

Specific metabolites- waste products produced by certain specialized types of cells that have biological activity and specificity of action:

A) tissue hormones- BAS, produced by specialized cells, have an effect mainly at the site of production.

b) true hormones-produced by endocrine glands

Participation of biologically active substances at various levels of neurohumoral regulation:

I level: local or local regulation Provided by humoral factors : mostly - non-specific metabolites and to a lesser extent - specific metabolites (tissue hormones).

II level of regulation: regional (organ). tissue hormones.

III level- interorgan, intersystem regulation. Humoral regulation is represented endocrine glands.

IV level. Whole body level. Nervous and humoral regulation are subordinate at this level of behavioral regulation.

Regulatory influence at any level is determined by a number of factors:

1. quantity biologically active substance;

2. quantity receptors;

3. sensitivity receptors.

In its turn sensitivity depends on:

a) on the functional state of the cell;

b) on the state of the microenvironment (pH, ion concentration, etc.);

c) on the duration of the impact of the perturbing factor.

Local regulation (1 level of regulation)

Wednesday is tissue fluid. Main factors:

1. Creative connections.

2. Non-specific metabolites.

Creative connections- exchange of macromolecules between cells, carrying information about cellular processes, allowing tissue cells to function in a friendly manner. This is one of the most evolutionarily old ways of regulation.

Keylons- Substances that provide creative connections. They are simple proteins or glycoproteins that affect cell division and DNA synthesis. Violation of creative connections can underlie a number of diseases (tumor growth) as well as the aging process.

Non-specific metabolites - CO 2 , lactic acid - act at the site of formation on neighboring groups of cells.

Regional (organ) regulation (level 2 regulation)

nonspecific metabolites,

The TSF software outside the core consists of trusted applications that are used to implement security features. Note that shared libraries, including PAM modules in some cases, are used by trusted applications. However, there is no instance where the shared library itself is treated as a trusted object. Trusted commands can be grouped as follows.

• System initialization
• Identification and authentication
• Network Applications
• batch processing
• System management
• User level audit
• Cryptographic support
• Virtual machine support

The execution components of the kernel can be divided into three parts: the main kernel, kernel threads, and kernel modules, depending on how they will be executed.

• The core core includes code that is executed to provide a service, such as servicing a user system call or servicing an exception event or interrupt. Most compiled kernel code falls into this category.
• Kernel threads. To perform certain routine tasks, such as flushing disk caches or freeing memory by swapping out unused page frames, the kernel creates internal processes or streams. Threads are scheduled just like regular processes, but they don't have a context in non-privileged mode. Kernel threads perform certain functions of the kernel C language. Kernel threads reside in kernel space, and only run in privileged mode.
• The kernel module and device driver kernel module are pieces of code that can be loaded and unloaded into and out of the kernel as needed. They extend the functionality of the kernel without the need to reboot the system. Once loaded, the kernel module object code can access other kernel code and data in the same way as statically linked kernel object code.

Device Driver - special type a kernel module that allows the kernel to access hardware connected to the system. These devices can be hard drives, monitors, or network interfaces. The driver communicates with the rest of the kernel through a specific interface that allows the kernel to deal with all devices. universal way, regardless of their underlying implementations.

The kernel consists of logical subsystems that provide various functionality. Even though the kernel is the only executable program, the various services it provides can be separated and combined into different logical components. These components interact to provide specific functionality. The kernel consists of the following logical subsystems:

• File subsystem and I/O subsystem: This subsystem implements functions related to file system objects. Implemented functions include those that allow a process to create, maintain, interact with, and delete file system objects. These objects include regular files, directories, symbolic links, hard links, files specific to certain types devices, named pipes, and sockets.
• Process Subsystem: This subsystem implements functions related to process control and thread control. The implemented functions allow creating, scheduling, executing, and deleting processes and thread subjects.
• Memory subsystem: This subsystem implements functions related to managing system memory resources. The implemented functions include those that create and manage virtual memory, including the management of pagination algorithms and page tables.
• Network subsystem: This subsystem implements UNIX and Internet domain sockets, as well as the algorithms used to schedule network packets.
• IPC Subsystem: This subsystem implements functions related to IPC mechanisms. Implemented features include those that facilitate the controlled exchange of information between processes, allowing them to share data and synchronize their execution when interacting with a shared resource.
• Kernel Module Subsystem: This subsystem implements the infrastructure to support loadable modules. Implemented functions include loading, initializing, and unloading kernel modules.
• Linux security extensions: Linux security extensions implement various aspects of security that are provided throughout the kernel, including the framework of the Linux Security Module (LSM). The LSM framework serves as the basis for modules that allow you to implement various security policies, including SELinux. SELinux is an important logical subsystem. This subsystem implements the mandatory access control functions to achieve access between all subjects and objects.
• Device driver subsystem: This subsystem implements support for various hardware and software devices through a common, device-independent interface.
• Audit Subsystem: This subsystem implements functions related to recording security-critical events in the system. Implemented functions include those that capture each system call to record security-critical events and those that implement the collection and recording of control data.
• KVM Subsystem: This subsystem implements maintenance life cycle virtual machine. It performs statement completion, which is used for statements requiring only minor checks. For any other instruction completion, KVM invokes the user-space component of QEMU.
• Crypto API: This subsystem provides a kernel-internal cryptographic library for all kernel components. It provides cryptographic primitives for callers.

The core is the core operating system. It interacts directly with the hardware, implements sharing resources, provides shared services for applications, and prevents applications from directly accessing device-dependent functions. The services provided by the kernel include:

1. Management of the execution of processes, including the operations of their creation, termination or suspension, and interprocess data exchange. These include:

• Equivalent scheduling of processes to run on the CPU.
• Separation of processes in the CPU using time-sharing mode.
• Process execution in the CPU.
• Suspend the kernel after its time quantum has elapsed.
• Allocation of kernel time to execute another process.
• Rescheduling kernel time to execute a suspended process.
• Manage process security related metadata such as UIDs, GIDs, SELinux labels, feature IDs.

2. Selection random access memory for the running process. This operation includes:

• Permission granted by the kernel to processes to share a portion of their address space under certain conditions; however, in doing so, the kernel protects the process's own address space from outside interference.
• If the system is low on free memory, the kernel frees memory by writing the process temporarily to second-level memory or the swap partition.
• A consistent interaction with the machine's hardware to establish a mapping of virtual addresses to physical addresses that establishes a mapping between compiler-generated addresses and physical addresses.

3. Maintenance of the life cycle of virtual machines, which includes:

• Set limits on resources configured by the emulation application for this virtual machine.
• Running the program code of the virtual machine for execution.
• Handling the shutdown of virtual machines either by terminating the instruction or delaying the completion of the instruction to emulate user space.

4. Maintenance of the file system. It includes:

• Allocation of secondary memory for efficient storage and extracting user data.
• Allocation of external memory for user files.
• Utilize unused storage space.
• Organization of the file system structure (using clear structuring principles).
• Protection of user files from unauthorized access.
• Organization of controlled access of processes to peripheral devices, such as terminals, tape drives, disk drives, and network devices.
• Organization of mutual access to data for subjects and objects, providing controlled access based on the DAC policy and any other policy implemented by the loaded LSM.

The Linux kernel is a type of OS kernel that implements preemptive scheduling. In kernels that do not have this capability, execution of the kernel code continues until completion, i.e. the scheduler is not capable of rescheduling a task while it is in the kernel. In addition, kernel code is scheduled to run cooperatively, without preemptive scheduling, and execution of that code continues until it terminates and returns to user space, or until it explicitly blocks. In preemptive kernels, it is possible to unload a task at any point, as long as the kernel is in a state in which it is safe to reschedule.

The counterterrorist operation in the Caucasus is led by the Russian FSB. Both officially and in fact. Investigation of all crimes related to kidnapping, theft budget money, illegal oil production, sabotage, murders and terrorist attacks, is in the competence of the Chekists. Neither the military nor the civilian prosecutor's office, nor the police, nor the troops have such influence in Chechnya as the FSB. Of course, this is the most closed structure here. For citizens, for the press, for everyone. Sergei BABKIN, lieutenant general, head of the FSB for the Chechen Republic, has not given long interviews for a long time. He made an exception for Izvestiya correspondent Vadim RECHKALOV. - Who captured "Nord-Ost"? I know that there is a detailed list of terrorists, which contains not only their data, but also describes the things that were found with them. And from these things, as far as I understand, one can judge a lot. People who have seen this list assure that it is unlikely that the terrorists were suicide bombers. What motivated these people? - Where do your mom and dad live? - In Moscow. - If bandits come to you and say that tomorrow they will kill all your relatives, if you refuse to seize the building of the Palace of Culture, what will you do? Surely you will agree. Most of the terrorists were in this position. There were also drug addicts, several bandits - religious fanatics. - Against the Minister of Health of Chechnya, Uvais Magamadov, who has already been a former, a criminal case has been initiated for exceeding his official powers. He is suspected of causing damage to the budget in the amount of 35 million rubles. Now Magamadov has been put on the federal wanted list. How did he steal the money? We won't go into details. Magamadov reads newspapers. - How can you steal budget money in Chechnya? - Do you know which bandits in Chechnya are disguised as special services? And for what? - Maskhadov, Basaev, Gelaev need it. To cover up the tracks. In order not to fall under the blood feud. Who are they kidnapping? - First of all, people who are in some way connected with federal structures, with local authorities. - On October 23, unknown persons detained Adam Gazmagomadov in the village of Prigorodnoye, Grozny District. Without any charges, protocols. They just put it in the car and drove away. Then I talked to him myself, and I have a record. He was kept for 5 days. According to him, in the area of ​​some bivouac of federal troops. They beat me, showed photographs of some people, demanded to identify them. And then they threw it away in the substation area in the same Prigorodny. Could the secret services act in this way? - Whom do you mean by special services? - FSB, GRU. - Of course not. Well, to be honest, Adam wasn't crippled. They beat hard. Then they returned - alive, healthy. Because he's not guilty. That's probably why they returned it. - And who detained him? - It could be the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the FSB, and the GRU. Could be - theoretically. But in practice, as far as the special services are concerned, we are supervised by the prosecutor. Moreover, both the military and the prosecutor of the republic. - Well, not in Chechnya, probably. You are in charge here. You are entrusted with the leadership of the counter-terrorist operation. - And what, someone changed the laws in Russia? We live here exactly according to the same laws as the FSB officers live in the Vladimir and Ryazan regions. - Is it possible to neutralize the bandit here legally? That is, not to destroy it, but to bring it to justice? So you have completed the investigation into the case of Islam Khasukhanov, the so-called. the head of the so-called. the main headquarters of the so-called. armed forces of the so-called. Ichkeria. He is accused of organizing illegal armed groups. You hope for a good judicial prospect... - We do not hope, we are sure. Because there is a huge evidence base. - How did you do it? - Well, not torture and bullying. Nobody broke his fingers. Our investigators collected all the evidence in the manner prescribed by law. - How? - Due to the testimony of witnesses, the collection of documents, video recordings, with the help of expert examinations. He walked under Maskhadov. Since Maskhadov is a military man, he also has a military structure, he did not come up with anything new. Khasukhanov was one of the most effective so-called field commanders. We do not say that he is a notorious killer who cut heads. There is no article for murder. He has the issuance of orders, directives, control over their execution - from attacks on military columns to large-scale capture operations settlements or objects in the territory Russian Federation , including submarines. - How many influential bandit leaders are currently operating in Chechnya? Please name them. And how many people follow them? - There are a lot of so-called field commanders. We know them. The new ones haven't been born yet. - Here in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and in Khankala they are talking about a certain Doku Umarov. Allegedly, he commands a thousand people, his gang is called "South-Western Front". It is located in the south of the republic - in Shatoi, Sharoi, Itum-Kale. What is true, what is false, is unknown. What can you say about this person? - This is a bandit who will face the same fate as Khattab. - Khattab is your job? - The time will come - you will know everything. - How many people are in Umarov's gang? - I don't want to count them. This amount is determined by Doku Umarov's money. - How many fighters can Umarov put behind him if he is given money? - Well, 20 people. Around yourself. These 20 can still bring a few people behind them. I don't want to make personalities out of gangsters. Let's not make Robin Hoods out of them. And then you popularize them like that - more than us. We are scary and evil, but they are all good and kind. - You're talking to me. - I mean the press in general. Part of the press. - Nevertheless, answer: are the gangs in Chechnya strong? - Yes, there are some quite serious ones. With weapons, communications, money. They have been preparing and fighting for 11 years. - Is it true that heads of district administrations pay tribute to militants? - Do you have proof? - One of the employees of the Chechen police told me about this under the record. - You would also pay in their place. - What part of the Chechen oil still goes to the needs of the bandits? - Unfortunately, it's significant. But the results of the measures taken are evident. One of these measures is the disbandment of the Chechen police battalion to protect oil facilities. - They guarded poorly, and even plundered? - Yes. - And who will replace them now? - Other local militiamen. - The process of "Chechenization" has begun, that is, the transfer of power to the local population. Isn't it too early to leave Chechnya to the locals? - There are no such officials who would be interested in unjustified haste. - As well as in any region of Russia. For example, medicines with an expiring expiration date are bought in Moscow. They should be written off in two weeks. You sell, I buy. And we write both. We split the money in half. And that's all. - According to my information, two corpses were found the other day in the Zavodskoy district of Grozny. One, as far as I know, is from the village of Shalazhi, Urus-Martan District. And the second is unclear where, because without a head. Both corpses with mine-explosive wounds. And there are dozens of such cases in Chechnya - when people are kidnapped by people in camouflage, masks, etc. And then the abducted are found blown up in some ditch. The local population sins against you. But really, who does it? - Recently, the vice-president of Lukoil was kidnapped in Moscow. People in camouflage and masks. And what, now to conclude that these are special services?

“There is the whole of Ukraine, and every deputy can occupy himself.”

This and next working weeks, people's deputies, according to the calendar plan of work of the Verkhovna Rada, work in committees and districts. So, in the session hall, where they gathered for the last time on November 17, the parliamentarians will meet again on December 5.

FaceNews asked political experts about whether such a division of the work of the parliament is effective.

Expert of the Ukrainian Institute for Policy Analysis and Management Mykola Spiridonov

These breaks are completely illogical for the reason that, as a rule, only majoritarians work with voters, and by no means all of them. Personally, I know several majoritarians who regularly work with voters, “warm up” districts, hold entertainment events, and receive voters. But total number Majoritarians who regularly attend to their constituencies may be 20%-25%. Accordingly, out of the total number of deputies, this break is really needed by 40-50 parliamentarians, hardly more.

As for work in committees, maybe sometimes, once every couple of months, there should be a separate week for work there. However, committees can work on partial days, respectively, on Wednesday, Friday, Monday. Committees are a little more justified than majoritarian districts, but these breaks are very often unjustified. For example, now a two-week break.

In fact, deputies very often still combine politics with business, so some of them need these breaks to conduct their business. Some of them really like to relax, so they need these breaks to spend more time at the resorts. Some are simply too lazy to work, but there is no real justification for these breaks in the work of the Rada.

How to reform it? You just need to subordinate them to the all-Ukrainian schedule: you need to work five days a week. It is necessary that they live according to the same laws as the whole of Ukraine.

Head of the Committee of Voters of Ukraine Oleksiy Koshel

First of all, there is logic in the formation calendar plan the work of parliament, when work in committees alternates with work in the session hall, so that you can not only vote, but also take part in the discussion of bills, making amendments, and so on. This is no less important component of the work of the Verkhovna Rada than the work in the session hall.

However, if we compare the Parliament of this convocation with the previous ones, we see that the Verkhovna Radas of the previous compositions had more session days.

It seems to me that when planning the work of the parliament, it is worth increasing the number of session days by working with voters, because these are the weeks that show the lowest efficiency. That is, work with voters for more than half of parliament is a planned weekend or a planned vacation.

Political analyst Yaroslav Makitra

The work of a parliamentarian does not consist only of plenary sessions, so it is logical when there are breaks for work in committees and constituencies. There is the whole of Ukraine, and every deputy can occupy himself with visiting the regions. Therefore, there is nothing wrong with such a practice, perhaps a two-week break is not so bad.

The problem is that in reality these two-week breaks should be the work of districts and committees. If this is work in committees, then you need to look at the visits of these deputies, the introduction of their amendments, legislative initiatives. When we analyze, we will see that a large number of deputies do not attend committees. The same goes for work in the districts. This can also be regulated in the form of certain reporting, if there is the political will of the leadership of the parliament.

However, we see that 120-150 deputies take part in the meetings of the Verkhovna Rada, while registration is 300-340. So, there is a complex problem here, which is not in the work schedule, it is more or less adequate. If deputies really worked in committees and districts, studied draft laws, they would not need so much time for plenary work in order to adopt certain bills.

Within the walls of the parliament there is already a discussion, an exchange of thoughts, and not a study of the document. It should have been so. In practice, unfortunately, very often someone tries to study inside the walls, someone does not study at all, but presses buttons for some political reasons or guided by their own ideas, which may not correspond to reality. This is the biggest problem - not in the schedule, but in the quality of the work of the parliament in principle.

Political scientist Alexander Paly

Such a division of the work of parliament is completely ineffective, because work in the constituencies is something mythical, in fact, rest, parliamentary holidays.

In addition, we have a problem that deputies constantly register legislative spam, unprepared and low-quality bills in huge numbers. Many laws are an indicator of inefficiency. A healthy state should have a small number of laws, and each change should be justified from all sides, be balanced.