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Drilling concrete. How to save money on a hammer drill and drill a concrete wall with a conventional drill? Drilling holes in concrete with your own hands

Drilling in concrete is very difficult, everyone who has had to deal with a similar problem will confirm this. In order to adequately overcome the resistance of a resistant material, you need to know some of the features of concrete drilling, plus be able to apply knowledge in practice. So, let's find out how to get out of the situation without problems.

What kind of drill to drill concrete

To drill a concrete wall, craftsmen use drills with a pobedite tip.

A simple drill will not cope with such a task. If you need to make a small hole (less than 13 mm in diameter), then a drill is used, and in other cases, a puncher. It is much more productive than a drill due to the presence of a device with an impact function and a higher drilling speed. When a hammer drill is not at hand, an ordinary drill with a carbide drill with an asymmetric sharpening is also suitable.

Before starting work, it is necessary to outline the place of drilling with a core. It is also desirable to minimize the spread of dust throughout the room by mounting a perforator on the chuck. simple device- a cap from tin can. Most of the dust will settle in it. In order for the plastic dowel to go into the hole made to the end, experts recommend making a recess a centimeter longer than the size of the fastener itself.

In the process of rotation in concrete, the drill heats up due to friction, which leads to a decrease in its working properties, so the drill is periodically moistened in machine oil or plain water.

For high-quality drilling, it is preferable to choose a tool equipped with a building level. If such a contraption is not provided in the puncher, it does not matter, an ordinary small level, fixed to the body with electrical tape, will also do.

It happens that you need to drill through concrete, and the drill at hand is too short. Then with inside a blind hole is drilled for the entire length of the existing drill, and a magnet is placed in the resulting socket. WITH reverse side another magnet locates the first, and drills at the intended point.

If metal reinforcement interferes with drilling, then change the drill bit for concrete to something that is designed to work with metal. Then continue with the same drill.

Before drilling a concrete wall, make sure that the penetration into the material will not damage any communications.

The use of a punch to make holes is already considered obsolete. However, with small volumes of work, it is indispensable due to its affordability. With its help, drilling is carried out by percussion or in the usual way. But this method has a significant drawback: in the process of operation, the vibrations that inevitably arise from the "grooving" of the tool lead to unwanted defects in the finish. And if, in addition, the hammer drill is very powerful, then the consequences of actions for the structure are simply unpredictable. To reduce vibrations, new modifications of modern rotary hammers have been developed.

Equipment is now more commonly used diamond drilling, especially in large construction - the holes in the concrete are even, clear, while the drilling machine creates almost no noise and almost no dust and debris. The shockless method does not make chips, it is also possible to avoid the formation of cracks in concrete. And the main plus of diamond drilling is that in addition to fast drilling of concrete, it can easily cope with reinforcement.

To obtain holes in thin concrete partitions, a punch is used: it is made from an 8 mm drill, the end of which is sharpened under the “swallow's tail”. The drill needs to be turned and hit with a hammer.

When drilling into ceiling so that the concrete crumbs do not fall asleep in the eyes, it is recommended to attach a protective funnel to the tool.

To fix the screw in concrete, a piece of nylon is driven into the hole. Then it is slightly melted with a hot metal (nail), after which a screw is screwed in. Kapron hardens and firmly holds the mount.

A dowel substitute can be a piece of copper or aluminum tube. He is pressed to required dimensions, inserted into the hole and screwed.

IN modern buildings As a rule, walls and ceilings are concrete. Sooner or later, it may be necessary, for example, to hang a lamp shelf or sheathe the walls with drywall during repairs, then the problem arises of how to drill a concrete wall with a drill.

Difficulty in drilling can arise due to a number of reasons. Firstly, the structure of concrete panels is heterogeneous and includes iron reinforcement, cement-sand mortars and crushed stone, which leads to difficulty drilling. Secondly, concrete has high strength and is very difficult to process.

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How are concrete walls drilled?

Before starting work, it is important to determine how drilling device better get the job done. The choice, of course, is small, since there are two types of wall drilling:

• drill;
• perforator.

A perforator will do a better job of this job, since its function is to punch through concrete or stone surfaces. Using this tool, you can make large holes, but even the highest quality impact drill is not capable of more than 12 cm.

But when you need to drill foam concrete walls, it is the drill that will be optimal, since the puncher will simply crumble the surface.

When working with concrete walls, it is absolutely impossible to use a hammerless drill, because it will be pointless, and besides, you can ruin the tool.

When there are only a few holes to be made and there is no puncher, you should not buy it because of this, you can get by with a drill. If to be big job, then the purchase of a perforator is inevitable.

In the case when it is still necessary to work with a drill, it is important not to forget that you need to use a concrete drill bit with a carbide-coated tip.

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Diamond drills and other accessories

On store shelves, you can sometimes find a model of ring drills with a diamond tip. Such products are intended for drilling huge holes with a cross section of up to 25 cm. It is important to consider that such devices are expensive, and therefore for home use they are not worth buying.

If it becomes necessary to make a hole for a socket or switch, you can use crowns designed for drilling concrete. The cutting part around the circumference has universal soldering of hard alloy metals.

Such elements have a cross section from 35 to 120 mm, but products with a cross section of 68 mm are in great demand, since sockets and switches have it. If you are drilling with a crown, then it is important not to forget to turn off the hammer blow function. With this device, holes are drilled, the depth of which is a maximum of 15 cm. If a greater depth is required, it is recommended to use an extension nozzle.

Similar crowns are also sold for electric drills. They differ from the previous ones in that instead of soldering, they are equipped with a tungsten carbide alloy coating. The advantages of such a device are that if concrete walls are lined with tiles, then it makes no sense to replace the nozzle, since it is good, and concrete surfaces. But we must not forget that such devices can be used for drills with a power above 1000 watts.

Most often, drills are used to work with a perforator, the cross section of which has limits from 4 to 80 mm. Many are faced with the problem of choosing the correct diameter of the drill. But the most reasonable thing when buying a perforating device is to purchase a set of drills for concrete. But a high-quality kit also costs a lot of money, in connection with this, it is necessary to select the same section as that of the dowel intended for this model.

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Everyone knows that a concrete wall and all similar structures have strong qualities and are hard to drill, since most often during work you can stumble upon crushed stone, which is part of the concrete composition from which wall and ceiling structures. Holes in concrete slabs during construction are produced quite often:

• during finishing work;
• when installing built-in furniture;
• when installing air conditioners;
• when installing electrical wiring;
• when installing plumbing fixtures.

During the small household repair you can get by with a simple electric drill that is not equipped with an impact function.

To do this, in the process of introducing a pobedit drill into a concrete surface, it is periodically necessary to crush the concrete with a metal punch, which must correspond to the cross section of the hole. It is used when, when drilling, an electric drill begins to get stuck in concrete. Then the punch is placed in the hole and beaten on it, using a hammer or sledgehammer, which helps to crush the compacted places and penetrate deeper. But at the same time, the punch needs to be slightly turned, and then you can again start working with a non-impact drill.

These manipulations should be continued until the holes reach the desired depth. This method is very long, but suitable for several holes.

Of course, you can also use universal diamond-tipped drills. They will perfectly cope with metal, crushed stone, and also with concrete structures. But it is important to consider that they are only suitable for an ordinary drill or a device with the vibration mode turned off. When using diamond drills in work, it should be remembered that they require cooling during operation.

But good effect drilling can be achieved using a perforator drill. Its advantages are in combining the functions of rotary motion with reciprocating motion. When drilling with such a drill, the tip of the drill is able to break the concrete composition, and the drilling process will be the least laborious.

Comments:

How to drill concrete? This question often arises among craftsmen during the construction and repair of dwellings with. It is necessary to drill concrete in order to install electrical sockets and switches, lay pipes, wires and other communications.

When drilling concrete, a beginner faces a lot of problems, such as a broken drill, or even a drill.

Concrete is a very durable material. drilling in the usual way he fits in very badly. And if it is reinforced (reinforced concrete), this task becomes almost impossible with a conventional drill. How to drill concrete? The problem of making holes in this material is becoming more and more popular.

How to drill concrete?

The main tools for drilling such structures today are a drill equipped with an impact mechanism and a hammer drill. Correctly drill concrete with a hammer drill. It's designed for just that. Holes made by a perforator may have enough big sizes both in depth and diameter. It is possible to drill a wall using special working tools with carbide coating or victorious inserts. The most common ways to use this tool are:

The most powerful drilling tool concrete structures is a perforator.

• use of a conventional tool with the additional use of a punch;
• the use of a hammer drill or impact drill, equipped with special tools;
• drilling with diamond tools.

It is very difficult to make a hole in the wall in the usual way, and it takes a lot of time. The tool quickly becomes blunt and fails. How to drill a wall? The drilling point must constantly receive rotational and impact action. The rotational movement is achieved with a drill, and the impact movement is achieved with a punch and a hammer. An old drill can be used as a punch. Hammer strikes on its butt. In this case, the concrete layer is partially destroyed. Destroyed particles are removed with a drill. The hole is slowly deepening. The most common method is to make holes with a puncher and a special cutting tool. The work is going pretty fast and well. A small amount of work can be done with an impact drill with a carbide tool.

Diamond drilling is used for sufficiently large volumes of work. This method allows you to deal with the case very quickly and without a lot of dust. How to get large diameter holes? This is done using diamond-coated bits or carbide inserts. In some cases, special installations with a water vacuum cleaner are used. But usually a perforator copes with such a task quite well. It is recommended to periodically remove the drill from the hole and moisten it with water.

Tools inserted into the drill chuck are usually produced with a diameter of 4 mm or more. The largest diameter is 1.2 cm. Their length can be 40 cm. A plastic dowel is inserted into the finished hole, and a self-tapping screw is screwed into it. The diameter of the dowel must match the diameter of the hole. For hanging cabinets and other pieces of furniture, it is recommended to drill holes and use dowels with a diameter of 8 mm.

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Drills for puncher

The drills used in the puncher are commonly called drills. Drills can have a diameter of 4 mm to 28 mm. Moreover, they have different lengths (diameter and length in millimeters):

• 4 — 50;
• 5 — 100;
• 6 — 150;
• 8 — 250;
• 10 — 540;
• 12 - more than 1000.

The drill for the perforator has an SDS-plus shank. IN industrial plants other shanks may be used. Making holes with a diameter of 35 mm or more is carried out with tools that are popularly called crowns. Their maximum diameter is 12 cm. Along the perimeter of the crown there are solderings made of pobedit or diamond coating. Crowns work without switching on the percussion mechanism. The hole is drilled in several steps to cutting tool and the engine is cold. Core bits drill well in tiles, so tiled concrete walls can be drilled without changing tools.

You can buy special drills and crowns in numerous tool and construction equipment stores.

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A few tips:

1. Before fixing the tool in the chuck of a puncher or drill, it must be cleaned of dirt.
2. The shank of the drill must enter into the cartridge until it stops.
3. For household drills and rotary hammers, every 15 minutes of work, you need to take a break for 10-15 minutes.
4. The drill is recommended to be moistened periodically with water.
5. Before making holes in the wall, make sure that there are no pipes and electrical wiring in it.
6. You can use a metal detector to find pipes and wires in the wall.
7. Work should begin with the shock mechanism turned off and at low speeds.
8. The depth of the hole should be slightly greater than the length of the dowel that will be inserted into it.
9. The depth of drilling can be noted by screwing a coil of electrical tape onto the drill.
10. When working, it is recommended to use personal protective equipment.
11. Better buy drills well-known manufacturers. Great choice Bosch products.
12. A diamond tool will help you quickly and accurately drill many identical holes.
13. Drills and drills for concrete cannot be used when drilling metal and wood.

Drilling concrete walls is not a very simple task, but it is quite doable even at home.

Holes in concrete are necessary for conducting, installing communications. The works are distinguished by an abundance of dust, noise, high labor costs, and require high-quality power tools. To drill a hole in this material, it should be taken into account that each hole in the power frame of the building reduces its strength, is fraught with damage to those located inside engineering systems(mainly electrical wiring, ventilation ducts), traumatic.

Through holes with low tool quality cause shedding of adjacent sections of the walls at the exit of the drill / crown from their reverse side. Additional finishing is required, the terms of work increase.

Safety precautions when making holes in concrete

The power frame of a building made of reinforced concrete is a durable heterogeneous material. Inside it is metal fittings, gravel or crushed stone of various fractions. Therefore, to drill a hole without observing TB means exposing yourself and surrounding colleagues to the risk of injury. Experts recommend compliance with the following requirements when drilling/drilling reinforced concrete structures:

• use of protective equipment - overalls in combination with goggles / mask, petal respirator, helmet;
• installation of fences: when through drilling, when the worker does not see opposite side walls, there is a risk of pieces collapsing on passers-by or his colleagues;
• the use of reliable scaffolding: without them, work at a height of more than one and a half meters is prohibited, since the stability of the operator is not ensured; when using stepladders, it is necessary to strengthen them with stops.

To drill a hole in concrete, it is necessary to change the speed of the drill, puncher, special diamond machine smoothly, use only a two-handed tool. The presence of plaster dramatically increases the risk of destruction internal communications. Therefore, before drilling a hole in load-bearing structure buildings, it is necessary to make sure that they are absent.

Drilling with a perforator in shock mode is allowed only when used as a working body of a drill, drill. If the bit is immersed in concrete, rotation without impact is applied. The tool is able to drill a hole, qualitatively cut the internal reinforcement, stones.

Unlike a conventional drill, which destroys crushed stone inclusions due to impact, it is not able to drill through reinforcement. To drill monolithic wall, it is necessary to study the location of the seams. It is in them that the internal wiring is often hidden. power cable, gas, sewer pipes.

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Do-it-yourself technologies for making holes in concrete

In the process of construction, finishing of buildings, there is a need for the manufacture of blind or through holes different diameter. Blind holes are created for fasteners, their diameter is limited to 2-16 mm. In this case, an important factor is compliance with the declared diameter. Otherwise, in broken holes, plastic dowels for self-tapping screws and nails will loosen over time, reducing the strength of fixing wall cabinets, curtains, pipelines, decor elements.

To drill blind holes of large diameter or through penetration of reinforced concrete walls, crowns are used to enter communications. They are a cylinder, one side of which is attached with a shank to a drill chuck, a puncher, the other has victorious or diamond crowns welded to it. In the middle part of the structure, a pobedit drill is installed to give direction.

Drilling with a drill or a drill leads to the destruction of the entire volume of concrete at the point of contact of the tool with structural material. If there is a reinforcement inside the reinforced concrete structure, it is impossible to pass through it with a drill, the hole is transferred to the side.

Drilling holes in concrete with a crown differs from the previous method:

• concrete is destroyed only along the perimeter of the hole;
• a concrete cylinder remains inside the crown.

Therefore, after reaching the required depth of the blind hole, the inner concrete cylinder remains connected to the wall by the rear end. To remove it from the hole, destructive methods are used: a chisel with a hammer or a perforator. Concrete cylinders during through drilling are removed from tool light mallet blows to the body

Drilling holes in concrete is carried out with the following tools:

• spiral impact drill - more often used for blind holes, the diameter of the carbide inserts of the tip is always larger than the spiral body of the tool, the shank is round, not intended for working in concrete with a hammer drill with SDS cartridges;
• spiral drill - instead of a pobedit, a zirconium or tungsten tip (spraying) is used, a shank with grooves is suitable only for SDS cartridges (Max, + modifications), dustless, low-noise drilling is provided;
• The diamond core bit is a large-diameter tool exclusively for high-speed rotary drilling.

The marking of the percussion twist drill indicates the caliber, not the diameter. This is the distance between the protruding edges of the solder / inserts. Drilling holes with this tool is performed in the following modes:

• 800-1200 turns for diameters within 4 mm;
• 300-500 turns for diameters 5-13 mm.

Even the presence of a red marking on the tip of this tool does not guarantee that the tip material corresponds to the metal declared by the manufacturer. Cheap substandard at the first use develops into an incomprehensible configuration, becomes unsuitable for work.

Zirconium, tungsten drills are suitable for the following operating modes:

• 60-100 turns with a diameter of 42-76 mm;
• 150-400 turns for diameters 4-60 mm.

The length of the drill can reach 1 m, a small amount of dust when working with this tool allows you not to take the furniture out of the room. Destructible concrete "flows" from the hole in a trickle along spiral channels, is collected on a bedding film, paper.

Professionals make blind holes for large diameter sockets in a few seconds. Home master, who does not have regular practice of working with such a tool, most often risks damaging the crown at the slightest misalignment. Operating modes when using crowns are 2,000-3,000 revolutions for any diameter. The advantage of the crown is the high-quality cutting of reinforcement of any diameter, granite, basalt crushed stone inside concrete at high cutting speeds.

• segmented tubular drill - difficult to use, used by specialists in areas with high probability the presence of thick reinforcement;
• crown drill with a centralizer - a carbide modification, inside of which a drill is located in the center, which facilitates setting the direction, reducing sensitivity to pressure, distortions of the working body; these options are not suitable for cutting rebar.

The latest modifications of the crowns are operated at 600-1200 revolutions; upon contact with the reinforcement, the teeth crumble instantly. Therefore, before drilling, the walls are carefully examined with a special tool for the presence of an armored belt.

The need for laying holes in concrete walls and ceilings arises when laying communications, fire and engineering systems (sewerage, ventilation, gas and water supply), installing railings, installing anchors and similar situations that require partial or complete through drilling of structures. The process of their preparation is labor-intensive and dirty, the achieved effect and the cost of drilling largely depend on the correct choice of the working tool. If you doubt your abilities or if you need to lay a large number channels are trusted by professionals.

Powerful equipment is used to create holes: impact and non-impact drills, hammer drills and drilling rigs with hydraulic or electric drive. Their nozzles are drills, and round crowns with a pobedit or diamond coating. The latter are valued for minimal dust generation, the ability to drill to a depth of 3 m with a diameter within 1, high speed works and the admission of their performance on curved surfaces.

Impact perforators allow you to quickly lay a cavity with a cross section of up to 3 cm (with a maximum of 5) in structures without reinforcement. The recommended minimum power in this case is 1 kW, which is enough for drilling the hardest grades. The disadvantages include the impossibility of attaching a crown with a diameter of more than 25 cm and limitations when working with reinforced concrete. A direct hit of the drills on the reinforcement is fraught with a stop or breakage of the perforator, as a result, its use is allowed only if you are sure that there is no metal in the path of the nozzle.

Drills with a power of 250 W and above are used in the processing of aerated concrete and monoliths using impact twist drills and crowns. When selecting nozzles, the brand and type of concrete are taken into account: for porous materials, it is enough collet chuck, for monoliths with a thickness within 30 cm, a two-handed tool with an SDS + shank with a section of 10 mm is required, for drilling hard composites from M400 and above - SDS Max of at least 18 mm. Drilling holes with a large diameter and a depth of more than 0.5 m with a drill is difficult, motor drills are used.

Specialized and professional equipment includes drilling rigs, which in turn are divided into pistol-type models (for quickly creating holes with a diameter of up to 10 mm), single-handed machines for laying through and blind cavities within 15 and two-handed, suitable for channels big size. The latter are represented by motor drills with water cooled with a power of 5-8 kW, connected to three-phase network or hydraulic drive. They allow you to easily drill a hole up to a depth of 1-1.5 m and a diameter of 250 mm.

Types of nozzles for drilling

As consumables are used:

1. Impact twist drills made of hard alloys with a speed of 400 to 1200, used when laying channels from 4 to 13 mm, mounted on drills when preparing blind holes for anchors.

2. Drills with a caliber from 6 to 76 mm and a length within 1 m. The frequency of their revolutions depends on the diameter (the larger it is, the slower the nozzle rotates) and varies from 60 to 400. Their advantages: low dust formation and noiselessness, minus - the impossibility of drilling reinforcement.

3. Rotary core drills working with rotary drilling, optimal when needed. The recognized advantages of these consumables include high accuracy and obtaining neat edges.

4. Core drills with a centering drill and carbide tips used for domestic purposes on structures without reinforcement. The resource is inferior to varieties with diamond coating, but it allows you to lay at least 100 holes with a diameter of 5 to 45 cm. Advantages: the ability to slightly move to the side and work with pressure.

5. Segmented tubular drill bits with diamond tips, related to professional consumables and used in the processing of concrete with any degree of reinforcement and hardness.

6. Nozzles for a motor drill with a caliber of up to 300 mm and a length of up to 1500, selected when drilling industrial structures.

Carbide bits are cheaper, but at the slightest doubt about the density or the presence of metal in the monolith, consumables coated with synthetic diamonds are selected. The maximum performance in their application is achieved by exerting significant axial forces, working with water cooling and eliminating distortions during drilling.

The unequivocal advantages of diamond cutting include low dust generation, maintaining the bearing capacity of walls due to the absence of vibration effects, obtaining neat edges without chips and cracks within a given size up to 1 mm, high speed and noiselessness.

Drilling technology, risks and possible errors

The work begins with the inspection and evaluation of structures, the implementation of accurate markings that exclude or minimize the risk of hitting the reinforcement (for these purposes, you should use a metal detector). When choosing the right tool and consumables, diamond cutting takes a matter of seconds, control over the depth of entry of the drill or crown is required. In order to protect people and furniture, it is recommended to fence off the drilling areas by 2-2.5 m on both sides of the wall. Ignoring this requirement leads to the formation of through cavities that violate the integrity in unnecessary places or danger to others. Regardless designated purpose of the channel being laid, diamond drilling is not carried out at the joints and seams. special attention also require areas near gas pipelines, ventilation passages and electrical communications, following building codes is mandatory for them.

Marking is carried out using drills with a standard sharpening, this helps to maintain the perpendicular direction of the nozzle. It is easiest to punch a large diameter hole when using a bit with a centering axis. The impact mode of drills is turned off to ensure the exit of concrete crumbs from the channels or they make return movements of 2-3 cm with the engine running. If the nozzle is close to the armature, it should be replaced with special drills for metal; after passing through the dangerous area, it returns to its place. If it is necessary to knock out especially hard large fractions and there is no possibility of exposure diamond crowns with segments, a manual punch or perforator drills are used.

At all stages, the operator puts on protective clothing, gloves and goggles. Work begins with small turns, with their gradual increase. Performance monitoring is carried out continuously, when signs of clogging of the nozzle are detected or the speed of diamond drilling slows down, the process is suspended. To restore sharpness to the segments, the bit is cooled in water or driven dry through a brick or similar highly abrasive composite. On last operation no more than 30 s is given, since diamond-coated consumables, in principle, are not intended for processing such materials.

Almost all professional tools work with water cooling, the approximate water consumption is 3 l / s. Liquids from open sources are not suitable for diamond drilling, optimal performance is achieved when fed into the zone of normal tap water(or filtered). In the absence of such an opportunity, it is worth taking care of its import. The same applies to scaffolding, drilling structures at a height of more than 2 m without support is prohibited.

Cost of professional services

Approximate prices for diamond drilling in concrete and reinforced concrete are shown in the table:

When punching holes with a diameter of more than 502 mm or laying large niches in monoliths, a separate estimate is drawn up. These prices are minimum, the final cost of the work depends on a number of factors:

• When the content of reinforcement in reinforced concrete is more than 100 kg/m3, the costs increase by 20%, when working with high-density concrete grades - by 50.
• If the drilling depth exceeds 50 cm, the above prices are multiplied by a correction factor that increases in increments of 0.5 m.
• When conducting work in winter or at night, the value of the estimate increases by 10-20%.
• When drilling at height, the value correction factor depends on the presence or absence of forests on the site and varies from 1.1 to 1.7. The same for hard-to-reach areas - 1.15.
• If it is necessary to drill holes in the ceiling or at an angle, the price given in the table is multiplied by 4.1.
• In the absence of water at the site or work at a remote facility, a fixed minimum price is negotiated (from 2,000 rubles per shift and more for each employee).

These coefficients must be taken into account when drawing up estimates, the final value is indicated after inspecting the facility and assessing the condition of the structures. Additionally, factors such as time limits, security requirements, preparation costs are monitored. concrete surfaces and drilling sites, the need to clean up sludge or construction debris.