• Repair
• Repair
• Interior Design
• About everything
• About plumbing

Natural resources of the East European Plain. Mineral resources of the Russian plain

2) Think about which areas of the plain are most favorable for development Agriculture.

The middle zone of the Russian Plain is most favorable for the development of agriculture.

Questions in a paragraph

*Name the major ports on the White, Baltic, Azov, Black and Caspian Seas.

White Sea - Arkhangelsk, Mezen, Kandalaksha, Umba, Onega, Kem, Belomorsk.

The Baltic Sea - St. Petersburg, Kaliningrad, Vysotsk, Primorsk, Baltiysk, Ust-Luga.

Sea of ​​Azov - Azov, Yeysk, Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Temryuk.

Black Sea - Anapa, Gelendzhik, Caucasus, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Taman, Tuapse.

Caspian Sea - Astrakhan, Makhachkala, Olya.

Questions at the end of the paragraph

1. On the map, determine what natural resources the Russian Plain is rich in.

The crystalline basement and sedimentary cover of the platform contain such mineral reserves that are not only important for our entire country, but also global importance. First of all, these are the rich iron ore deposits of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA).

The deposits of hard coal (Vorkuta) and brown coal - the Moscow region basin and oil - the Volga-Ural, Timapo-Pechora and Caspian basins are connected with the sedimentary cover of the platform. Oil shale is mined in the Leningrad region and in the region of Samara on the Volga. Ore minerals are also known in sedimentary rocks: brown iron ore near Lipetsk, aluminum ores (bauxite) near Tikhvin. Building materials: sand, gravel, clay, limestone - are distributed almost everywhere. Deposits of apatite-nepheline ores and excellent building granites are associated with outcrops of crystalline Precambrian rocks of the Baltic Shield on the Kola Peninsula and in Karelia.

Deposits have long been known in the Volga region table salt(Lakes Elton and Baskunchak), and potash salts - in the Cis-Urals.

Relatively recently, diamonds were discovered in the Arkhangelsk region. Phosphorites, a valuable raw material for the chemical industry, are mined in the Volga and Moscow regions, and apatites are mined on the Kola Peninsula.

2. Using the application tables, indicate which of the natural resources have been used since ancient times, which are being acquired highest value Nowadays.

Peat, gold, precious stones have been used since ancient times. A little later, the use of coal and oil began. the total number of types of minerals used in primitive society and later in ancient world, was small. From metals, gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin and zinc were used. Non-metallic minerals were used more widely.

The list of minerals used by modern industry is constantly expanding. Many minerals and rocks, which until relatively recently were not considered "mineral resources", have now acquired a special value in connection with the achievements of science and technology. So, for example, for many centuries such valuable metals as nickel, cobalt, tungsten, platinum, uranium and others were thrown away. It can be said that there are no non-mineral resources in the bowels of the earth, any rock or ore poor in metal can be used if cheap ways of processing them are invented.

3. What is the great anthropogenic load on the landscapes of the Russian Plain?

Intensive centuries-old development of the territory of the plain has led to the fact that at present the natural landscapes of its central and southern regions have been greatly changed. The southern strip of the forest zone is heavily cut down. Forest landscapes are either replaced here by agricultural lands, or are represented by secondary aspen-birch plantations. At present, the northern regions of the taiga zone have also been significantly changed. The forests of Karelia, the Komi Republic, and the Arkhangelsk region have been heavily cut down. Reforestation is one of the most important tasks. The landscapes of the forest-steppe and steppe zones have been changed even more. More than half of their area is plowed up and occupied by grain and industrial crops.

5. What activities should be carried out to protect nature?

Planting shelterbelts, snow retention, anti-erosion measures so as not to deplete fertile soils, preserve their potential, land reclamation.

Tasks:evaluate natural resources; show the magnitude of the anthropogenic load on the landscapes of the East European Plain; reveal the essence environmental issues, to help students in the creative search for proposals for their solution.

I. Testing knowledge and skills on the topic "Natural complexes of the Russian Plain".

Possible verification options:

1.Individual oral survey.

-What zonal natural complexes are distinguished on the Russian Plain?

-Which of them occupy the largest area, the smallest?

-Describe the tundra and forest-tundra of the Russian Plain.

-Compare the natural conditions of the taiga and steppes.

-Explain how a change in at least one of the components of nature, for example, the moisture coefficient, changes the appearance of the entire natural complex.

-Which of the natural complexes are the most modified by man?

2.Examination practical work.

3.Verification practical work on contour map(p. 48-50 in workbook on a printed basis) by options or one option at the choice of the teacher.

II. Introductory conversation and preparation for the perception of new knowledge.

An introductory conversation is necessary to update the concept of "natural resources" and remember what groups they are divided into, what underlies the classification, as well as ways of rational use. In the course of the conversation, students prepare a table "Natural resources of the East European Plain".

III. Getting new knowledge.

1. Since the topic Natural resources” was studied by students relatively recently, repetition should not cause difficulties. Therefore, filling out the table is best done in the form of independent practical work. Students work with the text of the textbook (pp. 164 - 166) and with atlas maps. This is allotted15-20 minutes. The finished table should look like this:

2. The problems of rational use of natural resources were also considered by students earlier, so the teacher should focus on the environmental problems of the East European Plain, for example, you can talk about the problems of the Non-Black Earth Region.

Teacher.At present, the territory of the East European Plain is densely populated, its natural resources are intensively used. There is a shortage of water, the atmosphere is experiencing heavy pollution especially in areas with a developed chemical industry. Fertile soils are subject to erosion, forests are mercilessly cut down.

The territory of the Non-Black Earth region has been sufficiently developed by man for a long time. Arable lands alternated with forests and meadows. Many villages and villages are located along rivers and near lakes. Here they grew stable crops of rye, flax, products from which were famous all over the world. A large number of livestock provided the population with food. However, in the future, the existing system of rational management of the economy was destroyed. The reasons for this were first collectivization, then thoughtless strengthening of villages, declaring many villages unpromising. Most of the population went to the cities. Thousands of villages that used to feed both themselves and the city dwellers have disappeared.

IN last years large funds were allocated for land reclamation of the Non-Chernozem region. What is the result? The result is sad, because instead of complex, only water reclamation is carried out, that is, either drainage or watering. This leads not to improvement, but to the deterioration of the land. “In the Non-Chernozem zone, this is their massive drying up or swamping. ... many lands have completely lost their fertility. Rivers, streams, springs, raised bogs have been exterminated. ... river beds were straightened, raised bogs were drained, namely they are the guardians of our waters. It all turned out that the spent billions of rubles did not increase the productivity of agriculture" (Lemeshev M.I.Until it's not too late. - M .: Young Guard, 1991). The non-Black Earth region is our reserve. At proper organization economy, it can be revived for a full-blooded life.

Reserves have been created on the territory of the Russian Plain, where areas of unique natural landscapes, rare species of animals and birds are preserved. For example, the reserves Kandalakshsky, Laplandinsky, Prioksko-Terrasny, Losiny Ostrov, Galichya Gora and many others.

You can discuss with students the problems of Polissya, give the opportunity to speak about the positive and negative aspects of the process of draining swamps. You can listen to and discuss students' reports about the protected areas of the East European Plain (homework for lesson No. 37).

To consolidate the acquired knowledge and systematize it, the teacher suggests answering the following questions:

What is expressed A complex approach to the problem of protecting and transforming the nature of the Non-Chernozem and Polissya regions, as well as other areas of the East European Plain? Give examples.

On the example of these territories, show what is the ratio of measures to transform nature and measures to protect it.

Is it possible for present stage abandon measures to transform nature and confine ourselves only to measures to protect it?

Summarizing knowledge, students formulate a conclusion about the need for a scientifically based approach to solving the problems of transforming nature, taking into account all the relationships within the natural complex.

IV. Summing up the lesson.

Homework: § 29, complete assignment 4 on p. 48 workbook on a printed basis (apply mineral deposits), or task 3 on p. 49, or task 2 on p. 50 (optional or teacher's choice).

Physical geography of Russia and the USSR
European part: Arctic, Russian Plain, Caucasus, Urals

REGIONAL NATURE REVIEWS IN RUSSIA

Chapters of the section "REGIONAL REVIEWS OF THE NATURE OF RUSSIA"

• Natural areas of Russia
• East European (Russian) Plain
  • Natural resources

EAST EUROPEAN (RUSSIAN) PLAIN

See photos of the nature of the East European Plain: Curonian Spit, Moscow Region, Kerzhensky Reserve and the Middle Volga in the Nature of the World section of our website.

Natural resources

The value of the natural resources of the Russian Plain is determined not only by their diversity and richness, but also by the fact that they are located in the most populated and developed part of Russia.

Mineral resources presented iron ores Kursk magnetic anomaly associated with basement deposits within the Voronezh anteclise. The main ore here is magnetite, which occurs in Proterozoic quartzites, but ore deposits are now mainly exploited in the weathering crusts of the Precambrian basement enriched in iron oxides.

Among the minerals associated with the sedimentary cover, the main place is occupied by fossil fuels and chemical raw materials. Reserves of stone and brown coal are concentrated in the Pechora, Donetsk and Moscow region basins. Oil And gas are mined at a number of deposits within the Volga-Ural ( Samara Region, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, Bashkortostan) and Timan-Pechora oil and gas regions. Gas condensate fields Astrakhan region confined to carbon deposits of the Caspian syneclise. Place of Birth oil shale known in Pskov and Leningrad regions, in the Middle Volga region (near Samara) and in the northern part of the Caspian syneclise (Obshchesyrtskoye field).

Large deposits potassium, magnesium salts, halite, borate confined to the powerful Permian salt-bearing strata of the Caspian lowland. The largest self-sustaining lakes Elton and Baskunchak are also associated with rock salt domes. industrial clusters phosphorites in the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits are found in the central and eastern regions of the Russian Plain: in the Moscow region (Egorievskoye), the Middle Volga region (Kineshmskoye, Volskoye, etc.), on the Common Syrt and in other places.

Some ore deposits are also associated with the sedimentary cover: sedimentary iron ores(brown iron ore, siderites, oolitic concretions), aluminum ores represented by deposits bauxite(Tikhvin, Timan), titanium placers(Timan). The discovery of deposits was unexpected diamonds in the northern regions of the Russian Plain (Arkhangelsk region).

The high-water rivers have significant hydropower resources and are transport routes used for navigation and timber rafting.

Agro-climatic resources make it possible to grow many valuable agricultural crops - grain, industrial, vegetable and fodder. Agro-climatic resources are successfully combined with fertile soil and: chernozems, dark chestnut, gray forest and sod-podzolic. The main areas of the most fertile soils in Russia - chernozems - are located on the Russian Plain.

The forage resources of the plain are great. Water meadows of river valleys, upland meadows of forest zones are valuable hayfields and pastures for large cattle, steppes, semi-deserts and deserts - pastures for sheep, tundra and forest-tundra - excellent pastures for deer. Spruce and pine taiga forests have large reserves of industrial timber.

Otherwise, the East European is the second longest plain in the world, not much inferior in terms of the territory of the Amazon. From west to east, it stretches for more than 2,500 kilometers, and from north to south - about 1,000. Its western borders border on such states as Ukraine and Belarus, and then its territory stretches all the way to the Urals. The basis of the plain is an ancient platform, mainly covered with a cover of sedimentary rocks. Only in two places, in Karelia and on the Kola Peninsula, does this prehistoric platform come to the surface, forming the so-called

The climate of the Russian plain is mostly temperate, and only closer to far north transitions to the subarctic. The continental climate line extends to the east and southeast. Precipitation is year-round, usually associated with blowing from the Atlantic. Here they fall more than in other flat areas of the Russian Federation. The sources of the largest rivers - the Northern Dvina and the Volga can be considered the most humid. And in the north-west of the plain, these are the areas of Ladoga, Onega, Chudskoye, Ilmenskoye lakes with smaller reservoirs adjacent to them, most of which are glacial in origin.

If we consider the climate of the Russian plain of the southern outskirts, then the amount of precipitation is much less there, the summer is dry and dry winds are not uncommon, causing significant damage. national economy.

The Russian Plain is replenished due to snow and rainfall, melting of snow and ice cover, spring floods. Naturally, groundwater also plays an important role in this process. But this does not apply to the southern rivers, which are not so abundant, and food from ground water they have limited.

Climatic and relief originality determined clear division throughout the plains to natural areas. Moreover, it is here that about 40 percent of all grassland in the country and 12 percent of pastures are located. As for the population, it is on the territory of the East European Plain that almost fifty percent of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation live.

The Russian Plain is generously endowed with natural resources. A big plus in their development and use is the dense population of this territory by people.

Resource types:

• aquatic

As already noted, a large number of large and small rivers flow through the territory of the Russian plain.

The largest water artery is the Volga. Its economic importance can hardly be overestimated, since the river connects various economic regions of the country, irrigates more than two and a half million hectares of land, and is an important shipping center. In terms of fish production, the Volga also plays an important role.

Following the Volga is the Don, also the largest. Fishing, shipping, and other economic needs met thanks to the Don, speak of the great importance of this river.

The Russian Plain is washed by the White and Black, Baltic and Caspian Seas. Seafood, oil and gas extraction, seaside resorts with recreation centers, boarding houses and sanatoriums, ports of international and regional significance - all this makes each marine resource unique in its own way and extremely important for the country.

• minerals and natural resources of the Russian plain

These include, for example, Kursk region, in unique deposits, contains up to 50% of all their reserves in the country. Belgorod region is famous for bauxites with alumina. Phosphorites, potash and rock salts are supplied to the country by the Moscow and Bryansk regions. These chemicals are actively mined and find the widest range of applications. In the same regions, as well as in the Tula and Belgorod regions, deposits have been found and have been actively developed for many years. building materials- chalk, kaolin clay, etc.

The Russian plain provides itself and neighboring regions with energy resources - gas, oil, peat, coal. Their deposits are located in the Middle Volga region, Ivanovo, Kostroma regions.

• animal and plant resources

The territory of the Western European Plain has the most favorable conditions for the development of such branches of agriculture as plant growing and animal husbandry. Forest wealth in the form of wood and hunting resources is an important source of income in the Russian economy.