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Cultivation of cattle - cows and bulls. Breeding cattle

Currently, the breeding of cattle for the purpose of making a profit is distributed in three areas - dairy, meat and dairy-meat. This natural products foods that are in demand. To start such a business, you need to equip the premises, select the necessary breeds of animals, determine distribution channels, and select employees. And this is only a small part of all cases. Let's take a closer look at all stages of activity, as well as the pros and cons of each of the three areas.

Registration and start of activity

The first step is to monitor the market. You need to understand whether it really makes sense to start a business. At this stage, the possibilities and needs of the region are clarified. Be sure to study the presence of future competitors and, if possible, they should be distant. Points of sale can be small trading places, meat processing plants and dairies. They are considered, both local and in the nearest settlements. If everything is in order with this, it is necessary to issue a status individual entrepreneur. Despite the fact that the business starts its journey from home, everything must be legal. This means compliance with formalities and mandatory documentation. To reduce taxation, IP is issued under the code "livestock".

It will also be a plus to establish contacts with persons who will interact with the future farm - veterinarians. Their activities are no less important, because these are the necessary certificates, vaccinations and much more.

It is necessary to decide in which direction the work will be organized. This can be breeding bulls for meat at home or keeping cows for dairy products, as well as combined, that is, the sale of both meat and milk. Some farmers are in the business of raising and trading calves, which is also profitable.

Site selection

The area for breeding cattle should be selected very carefully. It is necessary to choose the appropriate size and conditions for the livestock. If the site is small relative to the number of heads, then there is a risk of rapid contamination. At this stage, the size of the herd is determined. In general, the whole plan of the farm is established, which should include a cowshed, pasture, various utility rooms and sheds, warehouses for feed.

Breeding cows at home as a business implies that the future farmer has a piece of land. If not, then you can rent some empty territories and premises. It is also possible to start construction on land from scratch, if financial possibilities allow.

The territory of the paddock for cattle is determined at the rate of 10 sq.m. for one head. If there is grazing on a pasture, then in this case, about 1 ha of land will be needed for one cow. It should be noted that you need to stock up on hay for winter period, and this is another plus one hectare. For all structures on the territory of the future farm, at least 200 square meters will be required. m.

It is good when there are enterprises nearby that are engaged in the cultivation and marketing of crops and root crops. This is necessary to provide cows with quality products in terms of additional nutrition.

Cowshed and equipment

To breed cows as a business, you need to understand all the intricacies and start with a small number of heads that do not need large areas. You can always, if necessary, buy more cattle and complete the building. The best option is 10 heads. If there is a building that was a cowshed in the past, then this perfect option. For beginners, building from scratch will be difficult both physically and in terms of collecting documentation. It is best to rent a room and make a suitable repair there.

It is necessary to prepare the barn in accordance with sanitary standards. This means that there are special requirements, which include the presence of a wooden floor with straw bedding, a ceiling height of 2.4 m, feeders, drinkers, walls that are insulated with bundles of straw, as well as ventilation.

On the farm, future farmers definitely need to stock up on various equipment - these are shovels, pitchforks, buckets, overalls, containers, scales. In the process, you need to purchase a car designed to deliver products. It will be a plus to purchase a mini-tractor, with the help of which hay will be harvested, manure cleaned and various other household chores.

Arrangement of the premises

It is possible to breed and raise calves and care for cows in separate boxes, in rooms with thick bedding, or in a room without a leash, but with flooring for relaxation. If we take the presence of ten heads of cattle as a basis, then an acceptable building will be 34 by 6 meters in size. For one cow, you need to allocate 2 square meters. m. When there are not many animals, stalls are built for them.

The technique of breeding cattle involves the obligatory cleaning of the barn from contamination. Often structures are built with a special slurry tank and a manure room. In more simple version you just need to change the soiled straw bedding for a clean one. It is either disposed of on personal property or sold as fertilizer.

There should be enough windows in the room, as well as doors for cleaning the boxes from manure. When breeding dairy cows, you need to think about acquiring a milking system and a regular water supply. Feeding troughs fit different ones - from collective to personal. You can also equip them with a food supply system.

Acquisition of animals

To start breeding cows as a business, you need to find a suitable farm that sells calves. It must be reliable supplier which will provide healthy individuals. best period for such an acquisition, the end of winter or the beginning of spring. The payback of the business depends on the types of purchased animals. It can be purebred bulls and cows, or half-breeds. There are special nurseries that monitor the purity of the breed. Such cows are able to give good milk yields and gain significant weight. The output is only high-quality products.

Starting a business from scratch, it is best to form a small herd. In this case, you can buy young animals from households. However, novice farmers very often acquire adult cows, but not old ones. When drawing up a business plan for breeding cattle, it is advisable to work out both options and choose the most profitable one. It must be remembered that the first option with young animals is quite troublesome and risky.

In addition to the fact that the calf needs some care, it is not clear what kind of adult it will grow up to and whether it will live up to expectations. When purchasing a bull-calf, which is not yet a month old, it is necessary to feed it with milk. Up to 10 liters are required per day. If there is no dairy cow in the property, then these are financial costs. The purchase of dry mixes and other related products is also an investment, and the animal may not gain the required weight. It is better to buy a calf at the age of one month and above.

In the second option, you can also make a mistake, because they can sell an old cow. If a dairy farm is planned, then it must be taken responsibly, since the cow gives maximum milk yield in the period from 3 to 13 years.

Milk farm

So when on initial stage building a business, it is decided that the farm must operate in order to obtain milk and dairy products, it is necessary to purchase good cows. This technique of breeding cattle is quite within the power of a beginner.

Selecting the required number of cows for milk, you need to choose thoroughbred highly productive individuals. The presence of such heads is at Russian breeding plants. Most popular:

black-and-white is considered very common and occupies almost 50% of the total dairy population. She is able to produce approximately 5500-5800 kg of milk per year;
the Holstein breed was bred in the 1970s and 80s and for one milking it turns out from 30 kg of milk, and per year, on average, 7400 kg;
Kholmogory is considered an old breed and is capable of producing up to 8000 kg of milk per year with good feeding. But the average figures can be considered 4000-6000 kg.

If a novice farmer purchases animals from a breeder, he must be provided with documents and veterinary certificates.

When choosing a cow suitable for milking, you need to pay attention to the structure and shape of the animal. As mentioned above, age matters. The older the animal, the less milk it will produce. The number of years is determined by the horns. They count the number of roller lines and add two more years to this figure. Thus, the exact age is obtained.

The number of calving also affects productivity. The highest milk yields occur after the third birth. It is best for business to purchase cows after the first calving.

Animals for meat

Breeding bulls and cows for meat is no less profitable business. Meat cattle should be prone to rapid weight gain, have product suitability, female individuals are able to calve every year.

When choosing animals and breeding them, the breed has great importance. Especially important is the time during which the calf can gain the desired weight. More different types animals may differ in the taste of meat. Fast-growing meat breeds include Charolais, Kazakh white-headed, Simmental, Hereford. The purchase of newborn calves is the cheapest, but it is burdensome in terms of feeding. The best way to breed bulls at home is to buy individuals that can eat food and grass.

Of course, every newcomer to the farming business is interested to know why the above breeds of cattle are bred for meat. Almost all of them have a low percentage of product salting. This means that the fat content of such meat will be minimal. However, the increase in mass is rather short-lived. If we consider the Hereford breed, then it has a rather calm temperament and excellent taste. The Kazakh white-headed and Charolais can easily endure the local climate and temperature fluctuations. In this regard, they are very hardy. If the Simmental cow is both dairy and meat, then the Kazakh white-headed milk productivity is quite low.

Breeding bulls for meat as a business requires quality maintenance and care. In the warm season, they need daily walking. It is not recommended to constantly keep such individuals in the stall, although in this way they gain weight very quickly. This method makes them aggressive and contributes to various diseases.

The arrangement of the pen involves expenses for a novice farmer. Accordingly, he must arrange right place for walking, which must be constantly kept clean. With this method, the beef is very good quality. If the number of heads is quite impressive, then most likely you will need housekeepers. Recruitment point and wages for it should be considered at the initial stage and when building a business plan.

If, nevertheless, the method of keeping bulls on a leash is chosen, then you need to take care of high-quality equipment, as they can be aggressive. In the stall, individuals should be well fixed. On the other hand, this method allows you to assess the condition of the animal, make various measurements, veterinary examinations.

Breeding bulls as a business for the production of meat products in a paddock is less expensive than stall keeping. One of the reasons for this conclusion is that much fewer employees are needed to work.

Combined breeding method

For business, such universal breeds as Simmental, Lebedinskaya, Swiss, Red Gorbatovskaya, Kostroma are suitable. All of them are able to achieve a large body weight, and females give milk yield on average from 3000 to 5000 kg per year. For slaughter, almost every breed is able to give out from 50% of the weight. The growth of calves is quite active and by six months they weigh quite impressively.

All listed living creatures have high rates of taste of meat and dairy products. For successful business this is a clear plus.

Sales of products

This is an equally important step in the business. Having decided what kind of product should be the output - meat or milk - the farmer needs to sell it.

If the farm is aimed at breeding and growing meat heads, then after acquiring the young, the meat will be in about a year. Dairy cows give milk all the time, except during calving. You can also supply related products. These are skins, milk (cheese, butter, kefir, sour cream), semi-finished meat products. At the beginning of the article, it was also mentioned about such a direction as the sale of young animals. With the ability to organize the rearing of calves, this can become additional receipt arrived.

Any of the goods, be it milk or meat, can be sold wholesale or retail. Many processing plants often cooperate with farms. It is also possible to conclude an agreement with points Catering and shops. Guided by the main advantage - environmental friendliness of products - it is necessary to establish high-quality sales of products.

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Write comments on the topic of cattle breeding as a business, as well as why you need to act in this direction and what other advantages there are.

How to form the structure of the herd of cattle?

We go to the program menu - Reports (third column) - Code of grading - table No. 4 "Characteristics of cows and fat content in milk per l.l.)

Let's say that the milk yield per feed cow on your farm is 7,000 liters. Feel free to highlight the interval from 6000 and above. For me it is 146 years. Almost 50% of the livestock. Actually, what we need.

But this table has two drawbacks:

We do not see the number and name of the animal
The list includes animals that have passed the appraisal. That is, if you have a herd of 400 animals, then the program can give you 310 animals.

To get complete information, you need to go to another program report form.

Reports - tab "Lists of cows" - in the criteria, check the box "Yield 305 days". Press "Report" A list is formed where the cows are written according to the level of milk yield from minimum to maximum. It remains only to identify the animals in the herd.

There is another way to view the best cows. We all go to the same “Reports” - “Scoring code” - table 7 mol / 2 “Inventory of the best cows selected in the group of mothers of bulls”. Here we are invited to form a selection group.

What can be the conclusion? If my farm were offered to sell a culling for productivity, then there would be only 10 such cows! Is it a lot or a little for the Novgorod region? I think it's a drop in the ocean...

I hope that this article on the structure of the herd on a dairy farm was useful to you and now you can easily distinguish between individual groups. This element of work is very important in breeding business.

This concludes my article, take care of yourself and your cows! See you!

Basics

The process of breeding cattle (cattle) - activities for the cultivation and maintenance of farm animals of the Bulls subfamily. The purpose of the activity is to obtain meat, milk, skins and wool, use animals as draft power, as well as breeding work.

The total number of cattle on the planet is about 1.5 billion heads. In modern cattle breeding, there are about 300 breeds of cattle. About 50 breeds are used in Russia.

The number of cattle in Russia and distribution by types of farms (data for 2016):

As can be seen from the data on the number, breeding and keeping cows is effective both as a business and as a private activity for growing at home for milk and meat.

Breeds of cattle

Agricultural and farming organizations may focus on obtaining meat or milk. Mixed farms prevail in Russia, where priority is given to breeding meat and dairy breeds.

This approach allows us to quickly respond to market changes and effectively pursue a flexible policy by selling dairy and meat products.

Breed of cattle	Origin	Direction	Height (cm)	Weight, kg)	Peculiarities	Value
Hereford	England	meat	125	650-1350	Hardy, strong, adapted to various climatic conditions, tolerate long hauls and keeping on pastures, are well fattened and fattening.	High quality marbled meat, slaughter yield - 65% of total weight, the best meat for steaks.
Aberdeen Angus	Scotland	meat	120-150	500-1000	Excellent fattening, adapted to keeping on outdoors even in the cold.	Excellent marbled meat for steaks, yield - 60%, milk yield - 2 thousand kg per year.
Kholmogory	Russia	dairy	130-132	400- 800	Adapted to regions with cold climates.	Milk productivity - 3.5-4 thousand kg of milk, fat content - 3.6-3.7%.
Ayrshire	Scotland	dairy	125	450-850	It is adapted for breeding in the northern regions, it is distinguished by the constancy of milk yield, easy adaptation to new conditions, it absorbs roughage well.	Milk productivity - about 8 thousand kg of milk with a fat content of 4%.
Yaroslavskaya	Russia	dairy	125-127	450-550	Tasty and high-quality milk, adaptability to harsh climate, disease resistance (leukemia).	Satisfactory meat quality, slaughter yield - from 52 to 62%, average milk yield - about 3.2 thousand kg of milk with a fat content of 4.2%.
Simmental	Switzerland	meat and dairy	135-140	550-650	Adaptability to various climatic conditions, high weight gain throughout the entire period of growth.	The optimal combination of meat and dairy qualities. Milk productivity - 3-3.5 thousand kg of milk.
Kostroma	Russia	milk and meat	137-147	550-900	They are hardy, have good health and high adaptability, live long and keep milk yield until old age.	Milk yield - 3.5-5 thousand kg of milk with a fat content of 3.8%.

Other quality breeds of cows:

Dutch;
black-and-white;
red steppe;
Sychevskaya;
Swiss;
Kalmyk;
bestuzhevskaya;
charolais;
limousine;
Kazakh white-headed.

The characteristics of modern breeds of meat and dairy breeds make it possible to effectively breed cows almost throughout Russia. The main conditions are the quality of feed and the conditions of detention.

Sanitary requirements

An important condition for breeding cattle is compliance with veterinary and sanitary rules.

The norms of veterinary and sanitary control are regulated at the legislative level, annually updated and specified by orders of the Ministry Agriculture and others regulations competent government authorities.

Primary requirements:

maintenance and grazing in strictly designated areas;
compliance with the rules for protecting cows from other domestic animals;
the presence of ventilation;
regular cleaning and storage of manure in special places;
the presence of washing, veterinary and other separate premises necessary for the quality maintenance of cows;
compliance with the rules of sectional and group placement of cattle;
the presence of walking areas;
organization of high-quality feeding;
regular disinsection (destruction of insects), desacarization (destruction of ticks) and deratization (destruction of rodents) of the premises of the barn;
availability of quarantine zones in cowsheds;
systematic vaccination in deadlines and regular check-ups by a veterinarian.

Breeding as a business

Cattle breeding is one of the promising directions business in agriculture.

In the face of growing demand for environmentally friendly, high-quality meat and dairy products, a well-organized farm can become stable source growing profits. But high competition and risks require a balanced and thoughtful approach to organizing such a business.

Planning

The first step towards organizing a farm is to draw up a detailed business plan that will take into account all financial costs and profitability.

Directions of financial costs when organizing a farm:

lease of the territory;
construction or repair of cowsheds, other industrial premises;
current utility costs;
purchase of young animals;
procurement and purchase of feed;
maintenance of animals and premises.

Organizational issues that also need to be addressed:

registration of a farm organization;
attraction of credit funds (if necessary);
negotiation of contractual terms for the supply of feed, equipment, livestock;
obtaining all veterinary and sanitary permits.

Logistics is key. The choice of a farm location should take into account a number of factors.

Remoteness of food sources. It is better that it is directly from the manufacturer.
Development of transport infrastructure.
Availability of quality pastures and meadows.
Sales facilities, remoteness.

Another the most important aspect planning - market analysis in the region. The purpose of this work is to determine the degree of demand for farm products, the shortage or surplus of local items, their quality and price.

The choice of cow breed is an equally important factor to consider when planning.

When selecting the optimal breeds, a number of key aspects should be taken into account:

adaptability to local climatic conditions;
indicators of milk yield and live weight;
exactingness to the conditions of detention and diet.

The purchase of livestock should be carried out in large breeding farms, where the work on breeding thoroughbred individuals is set at a professional level.

Barn organization

The cowshed must meet the requirements that are established in the relevant GOSTs. When arranging, it is important to take into account the parameters and conditions that are set out in these documents.

Key Requirements

Ceiling height - not less than 2.5 m.
For one cow at least 6 square meters. m, with a calf - 10 sq. m. The animal should move quietly and lie down to rest.
Temperature range - from 10 to 18°C. In winter, the temperature should not fall below. There is a slight decrease - the rate of feeding for warming increases, if the temperature drop is significant - it is necessary to take measures to warm the premises.
Cattle release ammonia and carbon dioxide. The barn must have effective system ventilation. There should be no drafts.
Equipment of special drains for the effective removal of manure and urine.
Ensuring the illumination of barns for at least 14 hours a day.

Factors to consider when organizing a barn:

square;
electricity;
water supply;
heating;
ventilation;
feed supply and dosage system;
milk production equipment (if breeding dairy breeds);
manure cleaning complex.

A barn for 30 cows for a small farm includes several sectors.

Stable.
Stall dividers.
Feed table.
Maternity ward.
Stalls for cows and calves.
Separate stalls for bulls.
Milk washing department.
Technological passage.
Fermsky manure storage.
Cup automatic drinker.
Manure receiving and manure collecting channels.

With an increase in the area, the number of barn elements increases. The availability of equipment provides a different level of automation. In advanced farms, almost all cow maintenance processes are automated.

Equipment

Machine milking machines.
Feed grinders. Cows eat fine feed better, it is better absorbed, which affects the quality and speed of weight gain. There are two types - root cutters, straw cutters.
feed mills. Used for crushing feed. There are three main types - drum, disk, roller.
Conveyors and conveyors. Machines for continuous movement of various goods. On large farms and in cowsheds, they are indispensable when supplying feed.

Staff of specialists

For the organization of the normal functioning of the barn, it is necessary to attract highly qualified specialists in several areas. Full staff:

veterinary workers.
Milkmaids.
Cattlemen.
Calfs.
Mechanics, other technical personnel.
Engineers.

Cattle rearing techniques

The term breeding technique is directly related to the order of reproduction of livestock on the farm. Breeding work allows you to increase the number of cattle with the preservation of thoroughbred properties.

Factors to consider when reproducing:

Physiological and sexual maturity of individuals. Readiness for fertilization and insemination depends on factors: breed, age, nutrition, climate, conditions of detention. Beef cows reach reproductive age faster than dairy cows. The reproductive age of females occurs at 6-9 months, males - 7-8 months. Young beef breeds are divided by gender as early as the third month after birth.
Readiness of females for calving. The female is allowed to fertilize only if she has gained 65-75% of optimal weight adult breeds. The weight of cows of small breeds - 330 kg, large - 360 kg.
Rationality of use of bulls producers. They are attracted to insemination from 14 months when they reach a mass of 400 kg. For a year, one male is able to inseminate up to 200 females. The load is calculated based on the age of the bull. Young animals are capable of effective mating 2-3 times a week, older ones - once every seven days. The minimum rest period for a bull is a day, preferably two days.
The timing of female fertilization. Cows are allowed to be fertilized not earlier than 18 months.
The duration of "rest" after the birth of calves.

The process of insemination can be carried out naturally (mating) or artificially (using a special tool). The case is divided into manual (forced) or free.

Instrumental insemination can be either visocervical or rectocervical. More efficient and productive artificial rectocervical method. In Russia, about 90% of cows are inseminated using instrumental methods.

In winter, cows are kept in a barn. all year round, with the onset of the period green grass many enterprises are transferring livestock to a stallless housing with a move to special paddocks for pastures.

Feeding

A special place in the breeding of cattle is feeding. His key parameters which are important to consider - diet, feeding norms.

The diet of cows includes 6 types of feed.

Green - fresh herbaceous meadow plants.
Juicy - silage, root crops, tops.
Coarse - hay, straw, grassy flour.
Concentrated - bran, grain, legumes, cereals, meal, cake, yeast.
Compound feed.
Animal origin - meat and bone meal, fish meal.

Norms of feeding cows during the stall period (in kg):

Norms of feeding cows during the pasture period (in kg):

In addition to seasonality, the diet is adjusted depending on the specialization of breeding - meat or dairy. For dairy cows, there should be more juicy, green feed. For meat individuals, the amount of concentrated, protein-rich feed increases.

Bulls, gobies and calves have their own dietary characteristics.

The diet of meat breeds can be of three types:

complete (compound feed);
summer grazing ( daily rate grazing outdoors - at least 13 hours);
stall.

Feeding also depends on the condition of the cow:

rest period, dead wood - two months before calving;
milking - the first three months after calving;
lactation;
start - stopping milking before the next calving.

Risks and difficulties

Growing and keeping cattle carries a number of risks. This applies to animal diseases. Diseases significantly reduce the quality of products, and infections can lead to the death of the entire livestock.

The main diseases of cows:

foot and mouth disease;
brucellosis;
udder diseases - furunculosis, mastitis, edema;
arthritis;
hoof problems - laminitis, strawberry disease, corolla cellulitis;
endometritis;
blockage of the esophagus;
leukemia;
leptospirosis.

Key causes of diseases:

Poor quality of feed, violation of the diet.
Failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic standards.
Poor conditions in the barn.

Preventive measures:

feed quality control;
compliance with nutritional standards;
quality care - udder massage, teat treatment, cleaning;
maintaining a comfortable level of content - high-quality bedding, optimal temperature conditions, access fresh air, lack of drafts, regular walking;
regular disinfection of barns;
vaccination against salmonellosis, foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, etc.

It is important to observe the timing and frequency of vaccine administration.

In addition to commercial farming as part of a business project, it is possible to breed cattle at home. The main condition is the availability of land and appropriate outbuildings. Breeding cows is great for private households, this is evidenced by the history of the development of the Russian village.

Breeding dairy cows at home is not so easy. It is necessary to have all the knowledge, create optimal conditions of detention, constantly devote time and energy to the cause.

Knowledge required for successful cultivation cows at home for milk or meat:

features of keeping cattle in summer and winter conditions;
the specifics of keeping livestock in a particular region;
variety of meat and dairy breeds of cattle, their profitability;
diet and feeding norms;
diseases, treatment and prevention.

Regular feeding.
Tracking the diet, its seasonal adjustment, taking into account the individual characteristics of animals.
Providing fresh and clean water.
Cleaning of places of detention from manure is carried out every day.
Indoor maintenance optimum temperature, protection of a stall against drafts.
Arrangement of a comfortable bedding on the floor, its regular updating.
Organization of walking, maintaining the minimum physical activity of the cow.

A well-fed, warm and healthy cow will produce tasty and healthy milk. If necessary, it will become a source of quality beef.

Cattle breeding in Russia in 2016, data as of October 1

Cattle breeding in Russia in 2016- a review article prepared by specialists of the Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www.ab-centre.ru based on Rosstat data. The materials of the article include statistical data on the number of cattle, beef and milk production in 2013-2016, including by categories of farms, by quarters. Long-term trends (since 2001) are presented at the link - Livestock in Russia. The review is supported by useful links that complement the material.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016

The total number of cattle (dairy, beef, meat and dairy breeds) in Russia as of October 1, 2016 in farms of all categories totaled 19,456.1 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows amounted to 8,322.4 thousand heads. In relation to October 1, 2015, the number of livestock decreased by 1.8% or by 358.3 thousand heads, by October 1, 2014 - by 3.7% or by 751.1 thousand heads, by October 1, 2013 - by 5.1% or by 1042.0 thousand heads.

Recall that the main part of the herd of cattle in Russia is cattle of dairy and milk-meat breeds. The overall reduction in livestock over a number of years is due to this category of cattle. In relation to 2001, as a result of optimization of production efficiency (culling of low-yielding cows), it decreased by 29.0%. At the same time, as a result of the increase in milk yield per cow, milk production in the country is relatively stable (in the period from 2001 to 2015 it fluctuates between 31-33 million tons). See Milk production in Russia.

At the same time, there is a significant increase in the number of beef cattle. For more information about the trends in the development of the beef cattle breeding industry in Russia (data on the number of livestock by region, on the import of purebred breeding cattle by breed, on the dynamics of the development of breeding cattle breeding in the Russian Federation), see the links:

The structure of the livestock of cattle as of October 1, 2016 was distributed as follows: 43.5% accounted for by agricultural organizations, 12.4% - by peasant farms, 44.1% - by households.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016 by region

The region with the largest number of cattle (the total number of dairy and beef cattle, including cows) as of October 1, 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1120.1 thousand heads). The share of the republic in the total number of cattle in Russia amounted to 5.8%. In relation to the same date in 2015, the number of cattle here decreased by 8.8% or by 108.5 thousand heads.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan with a livestock of 1030.6 thousand heads (5.3% of the total Russian livestock). In relation to October 1, 2015, the reduction in livestock amounted to 0.8% or 8.4 thousand heads.

The third place is occupied by the Republic of Dagestan with a share in the total livestock at the level of 5.2% (1007.5 thousand heads). In this region, there is an increase in the number of livestock - by 0.9% per year or by 9.3 thousand heads.

Altai Krai is in 4th place in the Russian Federation in terms of the number of cattle as of October 1, 2016 (820.1 thousand heads). The share in the total number of cattle was 4.2%. During the year, the livestock decreased by 2.7% or by 22.7 thousand heads.

In the Rostov region with a livestock of 601.0 thousand heads, the share in the all-Russian livestock was 3.1%. In relation to October 1, 2015, the livestock decreased by 1.8% or by 11.1 thousand heads.

6. Orenburg region - 577.0 thousand heads, share in the total number of cattle in Russia - 3.0%.

7. Krasnodar Territory - 541.3 thousand heads, 2.8%.

8. Republic of Kalmykia - 523.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.

9. Transbaikal region- 485.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.

10. Novosibirsk region- 483.3 thousand heads, 2.5%.

11. Voronezh region - 464.1 thousand heads, 2.4%.

12. Bryansk region - 463.4 thousand heads, 2.4%.

13. Omsk region - 434.0 thousand heads, 2.2%.

14. Krasnoyarsk region- 432.6 thousand heads, 2.2%.

15. Saratov region - 430.3 thousand heads, 2.2%.

16. The Republic of Buryatia - 415.3 thousand heads, 2.1%.

17. Stavropol Territory - 382.8 thousand heads, 2.0%.

18. Udmurt Republic - 350.2 thousand heads, 1.8%.

19. Chelyabinsk region - 346.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.

20. Irkutsk region - 315.6 thousand heads, 1.6%.

As of October 1, 2016, the number of cattle in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 totaled 8,232.1 thousand heads (42.3% of the total number of cattle in Russia).

Beef production in 2016

Beef production in Russia (cumulative, both from dairy and beef cattle) in January-September 2016, according to AB-Center calculations, amounted to 953.0 thousand tons in terms of slaughter weight (1,677.2 thousand tons per live weight according to Rosstat).

In relation to January-September 2015, beef production decreased by 1.3% (by 12.2 thousand tons in carcass weight). For two years, in relation to January-September 2014, the decrease was 2.9% (28.4 thousand tons in slaughter weight), for 3 years, beef production in the Russian Federation decreased by 1.0% (by 9.2 thousand . tons).

The increase in production is observed only in peasant farms, where in January-September 2016, 80.6 thousand tons of beef were produced in slaughter weight. Over the past 3 years, by January-September 2013, the increase in beef production here amounted to 33.4% (20.0 thousand tons).

In agricultural organizations over 3 years, the volume of production decreased by 0.1% (by 0.2 thousand tons), in households - by 5.5% (by 29.1 thousand tons).

In the structure of beef production in January-September 2016, 39.5% accounted for agricultural organizations, about 52.1% - for households, 8.5% - for peasant farms.

Beef production in 2016 by region

Important! Data on beef production by regions of Russia are presented in terms of carcass weight.

The main beef producer in Russia in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan. During this period, its share in the total volume of beef production in the Russian Federation reached 7.1% (67.9 thousand tons). In relation to January-September 2015, the volume decreased by 13.1% or 10.2 thousand tons.

In second place in terms of beef production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Tatarstan with a share of 5.5% (52.7 thousand tons in carcass weight). In the republic, production volumes increased by 5.3% or 2.6 thousand tons compared to the same period in 2015.

The Rostov region ranks third in beef production in January-September 2016 - 41.4 thousand tons (4.3% of total production). There is also an increase of 5.2% or 2.0 thousand tons.

Altai Krai produced in January-September 2016 40.8 thousand tons of beef in slaughter weight, which is 3.9% or 1.6 thousand tons less than in the same period in 2015. share Altai Territory in the all-Russian production of beef in 2016 amounted to 4.3% (4th place in the Russian Federation).

IN Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, 40.2 thousand tons of beef were produced (4.2% in total production, 5th place in the Russian Federation). The growth compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 2.1% or 0.8 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 beef producing regions

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 38.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total beef production - 4.1%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (27.6 thousand tons, 2.9%).

8. Saratov region (26.7 thousand tons, 2.8%).

9. Volgograd region (26.4 thousand tons, 2.8%).

10. Bryansk region (24.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).

11. Stavropol Territory (23.7 thousand tons, 2.5%).

12. Novosibirsk region (21.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

13. Orenburg region (21.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).

14. Krasnoyarsk Territory (21.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).

15. Omsk region (19.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Samara Region(18.1 thousand tons, 1.9%).

17. Oryol Region(16.8 thousand tons, 1.8%).

18. Belgorod region (15.3 thousand tons, 1.6%).

19. Sverdlovsk region (15.2 thousand tons, 1.6%).

20. Republic of Kalmykia (15.0 thousand tons, 1.6%).

The total production of beef in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 378.7 thousand tons in slaughter weight (39.7% of the total beef production).

Milk production in 2016

Milk production in Russia in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 amounted to 24,031.9 thousand tons. In relation to the same period in 2015, milk yields decreased by 0.7% or by 163.0 thousand tons. Compared to the same period in 2014 - by 0.9% or 224.4 thousand tons, by January-September 2013 - by 0.8% or 203.8 thousand tons.

The increase in production occurred in agricultural organizations and peasant farms. So, for 3 years (in January-September 2016, in relation to January-September 2013) in agricultural organizations, milk production increased by 5.8% or by 632.2 thousand tons. In peasant farms, the growth amounted to 15.0% or 210.4 thousand tons. In the households of the population, there is a decrease in production by 8.8% or by 1,046.4 thousand tons.

In the structure of milk production in January-September 2016, 48.0% accounted for agricultural organizations, 45.3% - for households, 6.7% - for peasant farms.

Milk production in 2016 by region

The leader in milk production in January-September 2016 is the Republic of Bashkortostan (1,425.5 thousand tons). The share of the republic in the total milk production in the Russian Federation amounted to 5.9%. In relation to January-September 2015, there was an increase in production by 0.4% or 5.5 thousand tons.

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan with indicators of 1,373.8 thousand tons (5.7% of the total milk yield in the Russian Federation). Growth compared to the same period in 2015 amounted to 1.0% or 13.8 thousand tons.

Altai Territory ranks third with a share in total production of 4.6% (1,112.5 thousand tons). Here there is a decrease in milk yield compared to January-September 2015 by 0.9% or 10.6 thousand tons.

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, milk yields amounted to 1,018.8 thousand tons (4.2% of the total Russian milk production). In relation to the same period in 2015, production increased by 1.2% or 12.1 thousand tons.

The Rostov region closes the top five regions in milk production in January-September 2016 - 846.3 thousand tons (3.5% in total milk yield). The decrease compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 0.02% or 0.1 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 milk producing regions in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 660.6 thousand tons, share in the total Russian milk production - 2.7%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (645.1 thousand tons, 2.7%).

8. Orenburg region (619.8 thousand tons, 2.6%).

9. Saratov region (587.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

10. Udmurt Republic (580.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

11. Krasnoyarsk Territory (562.2 thousand tons, 2.3%).

12. Novosibirsk region (535.3 thousand tons, 2.2%).

13. Omsk region (512.8 thousand tons, 2.1%).

14. Stavropol Territory (504.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

15. Sverdlovsk region (501.2 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Nizhny Novgorod region (474.7 thousand tons, 2.0%).

17. Moscow region (472.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).

18. Leningrad region(458.9 thousand tons, 1.9%).

19. Kirov region (458.4 thousand tons, 1.9%).

20. Tyumen region(426.4 thousand tons, 1.8%).

The total milk production in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 10,254.7 thousand tons (42.7% of the total milk production).

Livestock in Russia

Livestock in Russia- an analytical article prepared by specialists of the Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www.ab-centre.ru. Materials include like general information on animal husbandry in Russia, as well as statistical data on its individual branches. This review is supported by useful links that complement the material.

Livestock in Russia, along with crop production, forms the country's agricultural sector, which is one of the key sectors of the economy. At the same time, animal husbandry is also subdivided into a number of branches.

The main branches of animal husbandry in Russia include pig breeding, cattle breeding (dairy and meat), poultry farming (meat and egg), sheep and goat breeding. Also, animal husbandry includes such industries as horse breeding, reindeer breeding, beekeeping, and rabbit breeding.

AB-Center articles dedicated to individual branches of animal husbandry in Russia:

Animal husbandry in Russia - total production volumes

According to the results of 2015, animal husbandry in Russia provided 47.7% of all agricultural production in value terms. Accordingly, 52.3% accounted for the crop industry in Russia.

The volume of livestock products produced in all categories of farms (the commercial sector, which includes agricultural organizations and peasant farms and the non-profit sector - household farms) of Russia in 2015 in value terms is 2,400.4 billion rubles. In relation to 2014, the cost of livestock products increased by 14.5% or by 303.8 billion rubles. Over 5 years, it has grown by 71.9% or by 1,004.1 billion rubles. For 10 years - by 237.5% or 1689.2 billion rubles.

The sustainable development of animal husbandry in Russia is carried out mainly at the expense of the industrial (commercial) sector. The total volume of livestock products produced in agricultural organizations and farms of the Russian Federation increased in relation to 2014 in actual prices by 18.0% or by 227.6 billion rubles. and reached 1,491.8 billion rubles in 2015. In relation to 2010, the growth was already 107.8% or 773.9 billion rubles, compared to 2005 - 336.8% or 1,150.3 billion rubles.

In households, the value of manufactured products in 2015 increased compared to 2014 by 9.2% or 76.2 billion rubles. and reached 908.6 billion rubles, by 2010 - by 33.9% or 230.2 billion rubles, by 2005 - by 145.8% or 538.9 billion rubles.

Important! The dynamics of livestock production in Russia is presented here in actual prices. When translating indicators into prices for the reporting year, taking into account the annual inflation rate, there is no steady upward trend in individual years.

Animal husbandry of Russian regions

The largest livestock region in Russia is the Belgorod region. The share of the region in the total value of livestock products produced in the Russian Federation is 6.4% (products worth 154.3 billion rubles were produced).

The second place is occupied by the Republic of Tatarstan - 109.0 billion rubles. (4.5% of the total Russian value of livestock products).

The third place is occupied by the Krasnodar Territory with a share in the total cost at a loss of 3.8% (91.1 billion rubles).

The Republic of Bashkortostan is on the fourth line of the rating - 84.5 billion rubles (3.5% of the total Russian value of livestock products in 2015).

The Chelyabinsk region, with its share of 3.2% (76.4 billion rubles), closes the top five livestock regions in 2015. This is more than in 2014 by 20.5% or 13.0 billion rubles.

The TOP-20 livestock regions of the Russian Federation also included: the Rostov region (the cost of livestock products is 74.2 billion rubles, the share in the total value is 3.1%), the Voronezh region (69.0 billion rubles, 2.9%), the Leningrad region (68.8 billion rubles, 2.9%), Altai Territory (68.0 billion rubles, 2.8%), Stavropol Territory (55.9 billion rubles, 2.3%), Orenburg Region (55.6 billion rubles, 2.3%), Republic of Dagestan (54.9 billion rubles, 2.3%), Novosibirsk Region (50.1 billion rubles, 2.1%), Krasnoyarsk Territory (50.0 billion rubles, 2.3%) 1%), Kursk region(48.0 billion rubles, 2.0%), Sverdlovsk region (47.1 billion rubles, 2.0%), Bryansk region (47.1 billion rubles, 2.0%), Moscow region including the territory of New Moscow ( 45.6 billion rubles, 1.9%), Omsk region (45.0 billion rubles, 1.9%), Tambov region (43.4 billion rubles, 1.8%).

The TOP-20 regions accounted for 55.7% of the total value of all livestock products in Russia in 2015, the TOP-30 regions - 71.2%.

Livestock in Russia

The number of cattle in Russia in all categories of farms at the end of 2015 totaled 18,963.2 thousand heads. Including, the number of cows was 8,379.2 thousand heads. In relation to 2014, the size of the herd of cattle decreased by 1.6%, by 2010 - by 5.0%, by 2005 - by 12.3%, by 2001 - by 30.8%. The number of cows for the year decreased by 1.8%, for 5 years - by 5.3%, for 10 years - by 12.0%, by 2001 - by 31.9%.

The number of pigs in Russia at the end of 2015 in all categories of farms amounted to 21,419.2 thousand heads. Over the year, the livestock increased by 9.6%, over 5 years - by 24.4%, over 10 years - by 55.1%, by 2001 - by 32.0%.

The number of sheep and goats in Russia at the end of 2015 totaled 24,528.4 thousand heads. In relation to 2014, it decreased by 0.7%, but over 5 years it increased by 12.4%, over 10 years it also increased by 32.0%, by 2001 - by 57.5%.

Meat production in Russia

The total production of meat of all types in Russia in slaughter weight in all categories of farms in 2015 amounted to 9,483.9 thousand tons. This is 4.6% or 413.3 thousand tons more than in 2014. Over 5 years (in relation to 2010) volumes increased by 32.3% (by 2,317.1 thousand tons), over 10 years (against 2005) - by 90.1% (by 4,494.4 thousand tons). tons). For the first time, the volume of meat production was exceeded in 1991, when it was 9,375.2 thousand tons.

Structure meat production in Russia in 2015 is as follows: poultry meat accounted for 47.3%, pork - 32.6%, beef - 17.3%, mutton and goat meat - 2.1%, other types of meat - 0.8 %.

Meat production in Russia has been steadily increasing since the mid-2000s, when meat import quotas were introduced. Increasing volumes in 2014-2016. contributes to the devaluation of the ruble (which also had an impact on the fall in imports), as well as the ban on meat imports from a number of countries, introduced in August 2014.

More information about meat production by type, other trends in the meat market can be found in the article at the link - meat market .

Egg production in Russia

In 2015, farms of all categories in Russia produced 42,523.6 million eggs. During the year, production increased by 1.6%, compared to 2010 - by 4.7%, by 2005 - by 14.5%, by 2001 - by 20.7%.

The TOP-10 egg-producing regions in 2015 are as follows: the Leningrad region (the volume of egg production in farms of all categories is 3,060.9 million eggs, the share in the total Russian egg production is 7.2%), the Rostov region (1,907, 0 million units, 4.5%), Yaroslavl Region (1,717.1 million units, 4.0%), Chelyabinsk Region (1,577.8 million units, 3.7%), Krasnodar Territory (1,516.7 million pieces, 3.6%), Belgorod region (1,474.0 million pieces, 3.5%), Tyumen region (1,456.8 million pieces, 3.4%), Sverdlovsk region (1,448.8 million pieces, 3.4%), the Republic of Mordovia (1,422.5 million units, 3.3%), the Nizhny Novgorod region (1,329.5 million units, 3.1%).

Milk production in Russia

Milk production in Russia in 2015 in farms of all categories amounted to 30,781.1 thousand tons. Over the year, production decreased by 0.03%, over 5 years - by 3.3%, over 10 years - by 0.9%, by 2001 - by 6.4%.

The TOP-10 milk producing regions in 2015 included: the Republic of Bashkortostan (milk production - 1,812.3 thousand tons, the share in the total milk yield in the Russian Federation - 5.9%), the Republic of Tatarstan (1,750.7 thousand tons, 5.7%), Altai Territory (1,414.9 thousand tons, 4.6%), Krasnodar Territory (1,328.2 thousand tons, 4.3%), Rostov Region (1,080.5 thousand tons, 3.5%), Republic of Dagestan (820.2 thousand tons, 2.7%), Voronezh region (805.8 thousand tons, 2.6%), Orenburg region (797.1 thousand tons). tons, 2.6%), Krasnoyarsk Territory (730.2 thousand tons, 2.4%), Udmurt Republic (729.0 thousand tons, 2.4%).

Honey production in Russia

Commercial honey production in Russia in 2015 in farms of all categories amounted to 67.7 thousand tons. This is 9.5% less than in 2014, 31.4% more than in 2010 and 29.1% more than in 2005. In relation to 2001, the growth was 27.9%.

The TOP-10 honey-producing regions in 2015 include: the Republic of Bashkortostan (the volume of honey production is 5.9 thousand tons, the share in the total honey production in Russia is 8.8%), the Republic of Tatarstan (5.6 thousand tons , 8.3%), Primorsky Territory (4.9 thousand tons, 7.3%), Altai Territory (4.8 thousand tons, 7.1%), Rostov Region (3.9 thousand tons, 5 .7%), Saratov region (2.4 thousand tons, 3.5%), Krasnodar region (2.4 thousand tons, 3.5%), Belgorod region (2.1 thousand tons, 3.1 %), Orenburg region (1.9 thousand tons, 2.8%), Kostroma region (1.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

Cattle breeding in Russia in 2016- a review article prepared by specialists of the Expert and Analytical Center for Agribusiness "AB-Center" www. by quarters. Long-term trends (since 2001) are presented at the link -. The review is supported by useful links that complement the material.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016

The structure of the livestock of cattle as of October 1, 2016 was distributed as follows: 43.5% accounted for by agricultural organizations, 12.4% - by peasant farms, 44.1% - by households.

Number of cattle (cattle) in 2016 by region

6. Orenburg region - 577.0 thousand heads, share in the total number of cattle in Russia - 3.0%.

7. Krasnodar Territory - 541.3 thousand heads, 2.8%.

8. Republic of Kalmykia - 523.0 thousand heads, 2.7%.

9. Trans-Baikal Territory - 485.4 thousand heads, 2.5%.

10. Novosibirsk region - 483.3 thousand heads, 2.5%.

11. Voronezh region - 464.1 thousand heads, 2.4%.

12. Bryansk region - 463.4 thousand heads, 2.4%.

13. Omsk region - 434.0 thousand heads, 2.2%.

14. Krasnoyarsk Territory - 432.6 thousand heads, 2.2%.

15. Saratov region - 430.3 thousand heads, 2.2%.

16. The Republic of Buryatia - 415.3 thousand heads, 2.1%.

17. Stavropol Territory - 382.8 thousand heads, 2.0%.

18. Udmurt Republic - 350.2 thousand heads, 1.8%.

19. Chelyabinsk region - 346.5 thousand heads, 1.8%.

20. Irkutsk region - 315.6 thousand heads, 1.6%.

As of October 1, 2016, the number of cattle in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 totaled 8,232.1 thousand heads (42.3% of the total number of cattle in Russia).

Beef production in 2016

In agricultural organizations over 3 years, the volume of production decreased by 0.1% (by 0.2 thousand tons), in households - by 5.5% (by 29.1 thousand tons).

In the structure of beef production in January-September 2016, 39.5% accounted for agricultural organizations, about 52.1% - for households, 8.5% - for peasant farms.

Beef production in 2016 by region

Important! Data on beef production by regions of Russia are presented in terms of carcass weight.

The Rostov region ranks third in beef production in January-September 2016 - 41.4 thousand tons (4.3% of total production). There is also an increase of 5.2% or 2.0 thousand tons.

Altai Krai produced in January-September 2016 40.8 thousand tons of beef in slaughter weight, which is 3.9% or 1.6 thousand tons less than in the same period in 2015. The share of the Altai Territory in the total Russian beef production in 2016 amounted to 4.3% (4th place in the Russian Federation).

In the Krasnodar Territory in January-September 2016, 40.2 thousand tons of beef were produced (4.2% in total production, 5th place in the Russian Federation). The growth compared to January-September 2015 amounted to 2.1% or 0.8 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 beef producing regions

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 38.8 thousand tons in slaughter weight, share in total beef production - 4.1%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (27.6 thousand tons, 2.9%).

8. Saratov region (26.7 thousand tons, 2.8%).

9. Volgograd region (26.4 thousand tons, 2.8%).

10. Bryansk region (24.0 thousand tons, 2.5%).

11. Stavropol Territory (23.7 thousand tons, 2.5%).

12. Novosibirsk region (21.5 thousand tons, 2.3%).

13. Orenburg region (21.4 thousand tons, 2.2%).

14. Krasnoyarsk Territory (21.1 thousand tons, 2.2%).

15. Omsk region (19.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Samara region (18.1 thousand tons, 1.9%).

17. Oryol region (16.8 thousand tons, 1.8%).

18. Belgorod region (15.3 thousand tons, 1.6%).

19. Sverdlovsk region (15.2 thousand tons, 1.6%).

20. Republic of Kalmykia (15.0 thousand tons, 1.6%).

Milk production in 2016

In the structure of milk production in January-September 2016, 48.0% accounted for agricultural organizations, 45.3% - for households, 6.7% - for peasant farms.

Milk production in 2016 by region

Altai Territory ranks third with a share in total production of 4.6% (1,112.5 thousand tons). Here there is a decrease in milk yield compared to January-September 2015 by 0.9% or 10.6 thousand tons.

In addition to these regions, TOP-20 milk producing regions in farms of all categories in January-September 2016 included:

6. Voronezh region (production volume - 660.6 thousand tons, share in the total Russian milk production - 2.7%).

7. Republic of Dagestan (645.1 thousand tons, 2.7%).

8. Orenburg region (619.8 thousand tons, 2.6%).

9. Saratov region (587.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

10. Udmurt Republic (580.1 thousand tons, 2.4%).

11. Krasnoyarsk Territory (562.2 thousand tons, 2.3%).

12. Novosibirsk region (535.3 thousand tons, 2.2%).

13. Omsk region (512.8 thousand tons, 2.1%).

14. Stavropol Territory (504.7 thousand tons, 2.1%).

15. Sverdlovsk region (501.2 thousand tons, 2.1%).

16. Nizhny Novgorod region (474.7 thousand tons, 2.0%).

17. Moscow region (472.8 thousand tons, 2.0%).

18. Leningrad region (458.9 thousand tons, 1.9%).

19. Kirov region (458.4 thousand tons, 1.9%).

20. Tyumen region (426.4 thousand tons, 1.8%).

The total milk production in January-September 2016 in farms of all categories in the regions not included in the TOP-20 amounted to 10,254.7 thousand tons (42.7% of the total milk production).

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