Growing peanuts as a business. Business Idea: Growing Peanuts - Agriculture
It is now possible to grow peanuts in Russia, but of course, only the southern regions of the country are suitable for these purposes. IN Food Industry the demand for peanuts is large, so the farmer should not have any difficulties with the sale of this product.
If you plan to seriously engage in the business of growing peanuts, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe fields is more than 1 hectare, then you will have to register as an individual entrepreneur and register with the tax office. The procedure for processing documents is not long, but in terms of money it will be about 15 thousand rubles. But if you have smaller land areas, then you can just stay individual, remaining in the status of private household plots (personal subsidiary plots).
For large-scale cultivation of peanuts, 50 hectares of land will be enough. The cost of annual rent in the south-west of the country is approximately 3.5 thousand rubles. In other words, it would be nice to have about 150-200 thousand rubles for rent in order to reap a big harvest and more than recoup your investments. Before starting your activity, be sure to study the market for demand, and it is also worth finding potential buyers in advance.
In our lane, we will be able to grow only one type of peanut, this is Arāchis hypogaēa, or in common people it is called groundnut. But the expression peanut not entirely correct, since the peanut is a bean, which only at the very end of ripening falls into the ground and sprouts. For humans, the peanut beans themselves are of value, but the tops are fed to animals. The most common varieties of peanuts are Krasnodarets-13 and Krasnodarets-14, according to which it becomes clear for which regions they are intended.
The point is that the period of full ripening of peanuts is 150-160 days, therefore, in middle lane Russia's peanut cultivation is in question, as climatic conditions may simply not allow the nut to ripen before the onset of cold weather. This fact puts the cultivation of peanuts in cold latitudes at risk, and the farmer bears great risks.
Peanuts do not make great demands on the soil and can grow in almost any land. If you provide a regular supply of water to the plants, then the yield can increase one and a half times. If you are going to grow not only peanuts, then wheat or oats will feel good on the land where it grew. Peanuts also have such a feature associated with its oil, the color of which will vary depending on what color shade the soil has. The most valuable is light oil. 
Photo. peanut field
Peanuts should be planted when the soil temperature reaches 15 degrees. An average of 50 kg of seeds is required per hectare, this is due to the fact that the nut is quite large. The cost of a kg of seeds is about 150 rubles, so 50 hectares will have to be spent in the amount of 300 thousand rubles. Germinated seeds should be planted, so often farmers are engaged in germination in special greenhouses. Peanuts bloom for only 1-2 days, and after the flowers turn into ovaries and gradually descend to the ground, but if the ovary does not reach the ground, then there will be no fruit.
From fertilizers, phosphorus is first introduced, and already in the process of growth, potassium and nitrogen. If contributed organic fertilizers, then mineral contribute much less.
Birds can become a big problem when growing peanuts. Indeed, if you do not take measures to protect the crop, then the birds can deprive you of most of the legumes. To scare away, a scarecrow is set up on the field, on which shiny fabrics are hung. Such a scheme may not work against crows, since they are very smart birds. But if you hang a dead crow on a stick, then the relatives will perceive this as a danger and will begin to fly around this place. Ultrasonic equipment is used to scare away birds, but it can adversely affect domestic animals.
To harvest peanuts, you will need a special harvester, which you will most likely have to take to the arena, since such equipment is too expensive. Modern harvesters do all the work, ie. after pulling out the tops, shake it off, then separate the seeds, which fall into a special compartment. The Chinese have succeeded in the production of harvesting equipment, so, as an option, you can think about buying a small combine, the price of which is about 500 thousand rubles. European equipment costs several times more.
It is possible to sell grown peanuts not only to dealers, but also to pack raw nuts yourself, and sell the loan in outlets. Do not forget about food companies, which may buy all the goods at once.
It is possible to collect up to 1.5 tons of peanuts from a hectare, but basically this is the limit, and from 50 hectares you get 75 tons. At a price per kg of 120 rubles. total revenues will amount to 9 million rubles.
If you organize further processing of peanuts, i.e. cleaning and frying, then the profit can be increased to 11 million rubles. The production line is naturally placed in a building, the construction of which will cost 15-20 million rubles.
Peanuts are consumed not only raw and fried, but they are used to make chocolate paste, halva, and are also added to pastries. It can be concluded that the demand for this nut is quite large, so the peanut growing business is very promising, especially in the southern latitudes.
The seeds of which are valued in gastronomy due to their nutritional and taste properties. Many people are surprised how peanuts grow because they do not grow on trees, unlike other nuts. This unique plant is a herb that blooms above the surface of the earth, and the fruit itself is formed underground.
History of cultivation
Genetic studies conducted in 2016 revealed that the modern cultivated peanut is a hybrid from two wild species. It appeared as a result of crossing the pollen of the peanut duranensis, common in the north of Argentina, and the ovule of the peanut ipaensis, which grows in the Brazilian selva. Research scientists believe that this interbreeding occurred under the influence of human activities and natural insect pollination in the Andean region of southern Bolivia approximately 9,400 years ago.
As a result of the development of agriculture in South America , cultivated peanuts began to grow 7000 - 8000 years ago. American archaeologists discovered the remains of this nut, which turned out to be 7840 years old, in the valley of the city of Cajamarca in Peru in the upper part of the Zanha River. This place is considered the most ancient zone growing this crop.
The Indians actively used peanut seeds in gastronomy. They ate the oil of the fruit, made soup from it, and even alcoholic drink chicha. In the west of Peru, some statues of gods that date back to 1200 BC have an image of this nut.
IN modern world the main producing countries of the nut are China and India, in which most of the product is used to obtain valuable peanut oil, and the seed shell is used as a fuel.
plant description
Peanuts belong to the legume family, which includes many species of economic value to humans.
The cultural peanut is an annual herbaceous plant which grows up to 70 cm in height. Its stem is hairy, branches begin at its base, when these branches touch the ground, they take root. Its leaves are pinnate, oblong, 4-8 cm long, slightly pointed at the end. The flowers are tubular in shape, about one centimeter in diameter and bright yellow in color.
After the flowers have been pollinated, a stem 3–10 cm long develops from them, which gradually pushes the ovary into the ground. As a result, the fruits are underground at a depth of 3-10 cm, have sizes from 1 to 7 cm and contain 4 seeds in a pod.
There are two main types of peanuts:
- upright;
- creeping.
In this regard, it is recommended to plant another crop the next year after the peanut. Also, before planting, it is recommended to water the soil abundantly and apply organic fertilizers. If the soil is acidic, that is, its pH is below 7, then it is recommended to add to it. There are no specific recommendations for enriching the soil for planting this crop with specific minerals, however, zinc and copper are known to negatively affect yields.
Technologies in agriculture are now so advanced that they allow the cultivation of walnuts without soil. To do this, use a forced supply of a nutrient liquid mixture to each bush. This technology is called hydroponics.
The main problem in growing cultivated peanuts is the weed. Weeds can be controlled with herbicides different way actions.
Harvesting
Probably the most difficult phase in growing a peanut is the moment when you need to determine whether the fruit is ready for harvest or not. The fact is that the fruits ripen unevenly, and if you wait for the time that is necessary for the ripening of belated fruits, then the first nuts can overripe and begin to sprout in the ground. Premature harvesting will result in many nuts being underripe and not having the appropriate taste and value.
The crop is harvested by digging the plant completely out of the soil with a shovel or mechanized way. After that, the plants are stacked on special wooden structures in the shape of the letter "A" with their roots up, giving them the opportunity to ripen and dry in the air.
Once the fruits are completely dry, they are subjected to further processing on special machines that clean them from the shell. There are technologies that allow you to get seeds with shells if you need to save them. long time. In many tropical regions, seeds are harvested from the pods. manually, for this, the pods are wrapped in burlap and beaten with sticks.
Considering that the answer to the question: peanuts, where they are grown, are mainly tropical regions, we can say that on average 600 kg / ha are obtained here. Under favorable conditions and fertile soil this figure can be 3 times higher.
In areas with a cold climate, it is recommended to choose peanuts for productive cultivation of peanuts. early maturing varieties that ripen within 100 days. Another trick is to plant it in fields that are oriented to the south. You can also get some advantage in growth rate if you plant seeds in a greenhouse 5-8 weeks before planting them in open ground. The landing site should be as long as possible during the day illuminated by the sun. Young plants are recommended to be protected with plastic structures from possible frosts in the spring.
Pests and diseases
The main disease in tropical and humid regions of the earth that affects cultivated peanuts is its wilting and subsequent rapid death. The cause of this disease is a bacterium. This bacterium also infects soybeans, tobacco and eggplant. In such cases, it is recommended, firstly, to plant peanut varieties resistant to wilting, and secondly, to increase the normal crop rotation up to 6 years.
The appearance of red spots on peanut leaves is another common disease that is active during the wet season. To combat this disease, crop fields are pollinated with sulfur dust at a rate of 25 kg/ha. Until now, the exact cause of the appearance of this disease at the genetic level is unknown, therefore, active research is being carried out in this direction.
In addition to this disease, there are a number of others that are currently being studied, for example, it turned out that some subspecies of peanuts that are cultivated in southern Africa are exposed to viral diseases. Thanks to the knowledge gained, varieties are developed that are able to resist insect pests, fungi, bacteria and viruses.
To fight various diseases and pests of peanuts, there is a whole range of different herbicides and insecticides, however, it is not recommended to use them when the plant is young. Since young shoots are too sensitive to chemicals, which can harm their development, which, in turn, will lead to a significant reduction in the quantity and quality of the crop.
Any type of activity can become a source of solid income. So, easy to implement and sufficient profitable business the idea is to grow peanuts.
What do you need to grow peanuts
Many people plant peanuts on their own land. This process does not require special knowledge and organization of special conditions.
To get a crop is enough:
- Plant peanuts in the spring.
- Constantly eradicate weeds, and also ensure that the plants are not subjected to extermination by pests.
- After 3-3.5 months, harvest.
Acquire planting material follows in shops (specialized) or in agricultural markets. After you manage to harvest the first crop, you can use your seeds.
Before planting peanuts land plot must be carefully fertilized and fluffed. good choice top dressing for the soil will be gypsum. For every 10 m 2 of a garden plot, it is enough to use 150 - 200 g this material(shredded). alternative options fertilizers are peat or humus, but it is better to use gypsum. It will enrich the soil with calcium.
To obtain good harvest, you need to plant peanut seeds at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other. They should be immersed in the soil to a depth of 3-4 cm.
The best period for planting peanuts is the end of April or the beginning of May, when the weather is warm. Until the bushes bloom, they need to be watered daily. After the flowers wither, the intensity of watering should be reduced. It is enough to water the plants every other day. If a period of heavy prolonged rains has come, it is better to cover the plant plastic wrap.
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Harvesting
Peanut ripening period is 110-120 days. When the leaves of the plants turn yellow, you can harvest. For this, bushes are dug up and tubers are collected.
Harvested peanuts must be shelled and dried well. Otherwise, the nut may deteriorate.
How to organize the sale of peanuts
You can sell peanuts by weight or pack them in packages. If you choose the latter option, you will have to use packing equipment or plastic containers.
Cultivation and further sale of peanuts is a profitable view entrepreneurial activity. This seasonal business brings a good income.
The idea of growing peanuts in our country is puzzling to many, but still growing peanuts at home quite developed in Russia.
Many of us are already used to peanuts, seeing them on store shelves. But still, few people in Central Russia dare to grow it. What needs to be done in order to get a full-fledged peanut crop in our conditions, even to open your own business? Let's try to figure it out.
To get started, you need buy peanut seeds in a special shop. Before planting, it is desirable to germinate these seeds, that is, so that they have sprouts. So peanuts will grow and develop more successfully. By the way, the cultivation of peanuts will be more successful if you plant the seeds in the beds between the tomatoes. The tomato has low bushes. It is desirable to grow both peanuts and tomatoes in a greenhouse. Before planting peanuts, you need to enrich the soil with calcium. To do this, a few kilograms of gypsum must be sprayed over the site.
Peanut belongs to the legume family, this plant is annual, it has very beautiful yellow flowers. Peanuts bloom for only one day, and during this time he needs to have time to form an ovary and create fruits. Growing peanuts will be possible if you can create a suitable temperature in the area. It must be no less twenty degrees Celsius and not more than thirty degrees.
Once you've sprouted and planted your peanuts, you need to be able to protect your seedlings from pests. Most of all, peanut shoots are afraid of bears and birds. Medvedka usually attacks grains big size that are just planted in the ground. Therefore, it is recommended to germinate the seeds before planting. And you can lure a bear with something and destroy it. Manure, humus, vegetable debris is suitable for bait.
Growing peanuts becomes possible if you make high mounds of earth (they should be fifty centimeters high). Peanut sprouts are planted at a distance of fifteen centimeters from each other.
Best time in order to plant peanuts - this is the end of April and the first days of May. You water this plant every day for about seven weeks and it blooms in early June. Peanut blossoms continue until mid-August. When the peanut flowers have wilted, then the frequency of watering should be halved. And if during this period showers begin, then the peanuts must be covered with polyethylene to protect them from flooding.
By the beginning of September, the peanuts are harvested, leaving its beans for sowing. By this time, the peanut leaves turn yellow, which means that the harvest is ready. The seeds are collected and used for food. This is how your peanut seed business idea. For example, halva with peanuts is very tasty. Peanut butter has many fans. Vitamins A and E contained in peanuts have a beneficial effect on the body, and peanuts help treat many diseases. Therefore, growing peanuts at home makes sense, and you can always do it. profitable view business.
Peanuts are a delicious, nutritious, healthy legume. This product is used in a wide variety of industries. Considering beneficial features this product, he found wide application in medicine. Acts as an ingredient for the manufacture of various medicines. It is the second legume in importance. For a long time we have not discussed business ideas for growing certain crops. Today is the time to return to this topic, we will talk about how to grow peanuts. It should be noted that many Russian entrepreneurs grow peanuts in their garden beds. The harsh Russian winters are not an obstacle. The fact is that the plant manages to give excellent harvest during the spring and summer period.
The whole process of growing peanuts takes about 3.5 months (that's a little over 100 days). Many entrepreneurs who are engaged in agricultural business, for some reason, bypass this direction. In vain. After all, growing peanuts is not a complicated process. In fact, a person with any level of knowledge can grow peanuts, because this business does not require special specific knowledge.
How to start a business growing peanuts? Walkthrough
1. First, we purchase peanut seeds. There will be no problems with this. Peanut seeds can be bought from gardeners who grow this crop or in specialized stores.
2. Find a plot of land for growing peanuts. When growing this crop, you need to consider several important points. First, to get the maximum yield, the soil must be loosened. Before planting this crop, the land must be enriched with calcium. How to do it? To do this, gypsum is taken, crushed into small pieces, and then sprayed over the site. Approximately 150 gr. plaster for every 10 sq.m. It is recommended to add it not only before planting, but also during the flowering period of peanuts. Of course, the soil for growing peanuts should be carefully fertilized. To do this, use peat, humus or manure.
3. You need to plant peanuts in a special way. Firstly, when landing, it is necessary to make high embankments (approximate height 50 cm). Secondly, it is necessary to observe the distance between the embankments (it must be at least 55-60 cm). Third, the seeds should be planted at a depth within 4 cm, and the distance between seeds should be 15 cm. perfect time for landing - the period from late April to early May. After about 1.5 months, the plant begins to bloom. During the flowering period, peanuts need daily watering. As soon as the flowers begin to wither, the frequency of watering should be halved. During this period, the plant needs to be watered every other day. The plant should also be protected from heavy rains. In this case, they should be covered with a special polyethylene film. The crop should be harvested after about 105-110 days after planting. How do you know when the crop is ready to be harvested? This can be seen from the yellowing leaves. First, the plants are dug up, then the tubers are harvested, the nuts are peeled and sent to dry. That's all.
4. Sales of the crop. Now the goods should be packaged in bags and sold at favorable price. Of course, if you are going to seriously engage in this business, grow peanuts in large volumes, then you should purchase packing equipment. You can supply your products to shops, manufacturers of various products that require peanuts, etc. In general, there are plenty of distribution channels.
