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Articles about mechanized wall plastering. Plastering machines are an indefatigable workforce. Drawings and dimensions

When performing finishing work, mechanized plaster is often used to prepare the base. This approach allows you to form an even layer of sufficient thickness and interesting texture. We offer to deal with the features and technology of work.

Mechanized plaster - a guarantee of the formation of a quality layer
PHOTO: images.musterhaus.net

Read in the article

Mechanized wall plastering - what is it

To implement this method of wall decoration, special equipment is used, which makes it possible to almost completely abandon manual labor. This significantly increases the productivity of the work performed and improves their quality. Speed mechanized plastering walls is 5–6 times superior to the manual method.

To take advantage of this, one must not only have special equipment, but also have special skills and knowledge. When self-applying plaster in a mechanized way, you should be responsible for the choice of equipment and tools. Otherwise, it will be difficult to use it due to lack of skills and knowledge.

For application, special equipment is used
PHOTO: profmas.ru

Features of mechanized plastering works inside the building

If necessary, plastering work can be carried out mechanically inside the building. The order of execution of works differs significantly depending on the basis. The composition can be applied to vertical and horizontal bases. It is acceptable to use gypsum, lime and cement mortars. The price of mechanized plaster directly depends on the type of composition used.

For internal works different formulations can be used
PHOTO: styazhkaprof.ru

Mechanical wall plastering: sequence of actions

Mechanical plastering of walls is performed in the following sequence:

• foundation preparation. Remove dust and dirt from the wall. A layer of primer is applied. Beacons are installed that determine the thickness of the applied layer;
• the equipment is assembled, the required modes are set, the solution is prepared;
• using the selected equipment, the mixture is applied to the wall. The gun is located at a right angle. The thickness of the formed layer is controlled by changing the pressure. The composition is applied from the corner or joint;
• The coverage is leveled using a rule. Half an hour after application, the plastered surface is moistened and rubbed with a grater.

A professional team copes with the task quickly enough
PHOTO: d6z72aalekwc3.cloudfront.net

We offer you to watch a video that describes in detail how mechanized wall plastering is performed:

Mechanized plaster ceiling: the subtleties of the process

Ceiling lining is performed in the following sequence:

• surface preparation. All dirt, debris, cobwebs, metal objects are removed, bumps are smoothed out. A layer of primer is applied;
• determining the location and installation of beacons, which will be used for mechanized plastering of the ceiling. Lighthouses are located at a distance of 1–1.5 m from each other. Their location is given Special attention, since the evenness of the formed layer directly depends on this;
• preparation of the working mixture, if necessary when using the selected equipment;
• applying the mixture to the surface in strips of the same width. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the overlap of each subsequent one;
• leveling the surface using a rule that is pulled towards itself, making movements from side to side;
• final processing of the ceiling.

Careful observance of technology is a guarantee of quality
PHOTO: pbs.twimg.com

We offer you to watch a video that clearly shows the process of work:

Features of mechanized facade plastering

Outdoor work can only be carried out at positive temperatures. This allows not only to properly prepare the foundation, but also to create comfortable conditions for workers. Mechanized is performed using only cement mortars. The equipment used must be configured to use a mixture with the selected fractional composition. Especially if the choice is made in favor of the "bark beetle".

The composition can rise to a sufficiently high height
PHOTO: kamtehnopark.ru

The technology of applying wall plaster in a mechanized way

Various equipment can be used to apply wall plaster in a mechanized way. Its design largely determines the order of use.

When using special equipment, it is important to follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
PHOTO: specstroy-snab.ru

Mechanized wall plastering with machines and stations

With the help of machines and stations, professional mechanized wall plastering is carried out. With their help, not only the mixture is transferred to the wall, but also its preparation is carried out. Due to this, these units have a rather complex design. They include:

• a special bunker designed to load the dry mix;
• a chamber in which the solution is prepared;
• a screw mechanism that feeds the mixture into the chamber, and a special pump;
• air compressor;
• mortar gun
• various cables and hoses.

The station includes special units
PHOTO: rov-st.ru

When using machines and stations, the dry mixture is loaded into a special hopper. The device is connected to water, power supply system, compressor, if the latter is not part of the unit. Inside the equipment for mechanized plastering, a mixture is prepared with the required ratio of components, and then it is fed through a special mortar hose to a distance of up to 20 m. The gun allows you to adjust the feed rate.

The gun must be positioned correctly
PHOTO: inverbo.ru

Thanks to this device, the station is able to work continuously for several hours. Instead of a team of workers, wall plastering can be carried out by two specialists: one applies the mortar to the base, the second aligns it with the help of a rule.

We offer you to watch a video showing the mechanical plastering of walls:

Using a pneumoshovel-hopper

Such an apparatus is a steel structure in the form of an inverted pyramid with a volume of 5 liters. With its help, the movement of the plaster solution onto the prepared base is ensured. At the other end there is a special lever that allows you to adjust the supply of compressed air and plaster mixture.

The pneumospat-hoper has a relatively simple design
PHOTO: productcenter.ru

During operation, the solution is scooped from the tank. After that, the nozzle of the tool is directed to the wall and, by pressing the lever, is activated. Compressed air ensures the transportation of the mixture to the base and its uniform distribution over the surface.

A relatively simple design allows you to apply plaster in a mechanized way with your own hands. The performance of such a device can reach up to 60 m² / h. At the same time, mechanized plastering is relatively inexpensive.

Up to 60 m² can be processed per hour
PHOTO: dekoriko.ru

Attention! Pneumospat-hopper for wall plastering design different from the same tool for processing the ceiling.

With the help of an air gun

To apply the mixture, a special tool is used that allows you to apply the finished mixture to the walls through a short nozzle barrel with a variety of nozzles that spray the solution. A hose with compressed air is connected to the gun, which creates the necessary pressure. After pressing the trigger of the pneumatic gun, the solution is applied to the base to be treated. Pressing again stops the flow of the mixture.

Pneumatic gun allows you to adjust the feed rate of the mixture
PHOTO: otdelka-expert.ru

Pros and cons of mechanized wall plastering: we take into account the features of the method

The advantages of this method include:

• high performance. With their help, you can apply up to 1 m³ / hour, which allows you to finish up to 40–60 m², depending on the thickness of the layer being formed;
• high quality of the formed layer. When using an automated system, an even layer is initially obtained, which is unattainable by hand;
• high adhesion of the coating to the substrate due to uniform distribution layer and the same feed rate of the mixture. This helps to fill the solution with all the irregularities on the wall surface;
• minimum consumption of plaster for mechanized application. When applied, the solution evenly falls on the wall and practically does not splatter;
• the possibility of abandoning the preliminary preparation of the walls, which helps to reduce the cost of finishing work.

The thickness of the formed layer may vary
PHOTO: shtukaturka78.ru

Mechanized wall plastering has not only pluses, but also minuses, which include:

• high cost of equipment. Because of this, the method is practically not used in everyday life, since in this case it will not be possible to cheaply perform mechanized wall plastering;
• the need to connect to the water supply system and the presence of a sufficient amount of the mixture;
• the need to use a solution with a suitable composition.

High price equipment is the main disadvantage
PHOTO: lost-empire.ru

How much does mechanized wall plastering cost - an overview of prices per m²

In order not to overpay for the lining of the base, it is worth knowing in advance the cost of mechanized wall plastering per 1 m². Prices depend on the type of composition used and application technology. Choosing suitable option you should check out all the offers. On average, the price for 1 m² of mechanized wall plaster starts from 560–900 rubles per square if a gypsum composition is planned to be applied. Prices depend on the thickness of the formed layer. The price of mechanized wall plastering with cement-sand mortar is slightly higher. Prices start from 600-900 rubles per square.

Layer formation costs can vary significantly
PHOTO: stroysand.ru

What is a mechanized floor screed: process features

Special equipment can also be used to form the floor screed. Thanks to this, it is possible to prepare enough large area for laying the finish coat. We invite you to get to know technological features performance of work.

Always excellent result
PHOTO: ask-ntr.ru

Types of mechanized floor screed

Floor screeds can be:

• wet. It can be performed by any builder with the help of cement concrete mortar. After it is poured, the composition is leveled. Due to the large amount of water, the formed surface may crack during the drying process;
• dry. Rarely used. It involves backfilling dry filler and laying gypsum-fiber sheets;
• semi-dry. It is a mechanized floor screed, for the formation of which special equipment is used.

Semi-dry dries faster
PHOTO: photo.7ya.ru

Advantages and disadvantages

The use of a mechanized method for forming a screed has several advantages:

• shaping perfect flat surface, which is suitable for laying any topcoat;
• a small amount of water is introduced into the composition of the solution, which significantly accelerates the drying rate of concrete. Grouting can be done a few hours after the screed has been formed. Work is carried out in special shoes that provide uniform pressure on the floor surface;
• reducing the drying time of the concrete solution to 1–2 weeks. At the same time, water does not seep to the lower floors;
• the process of forming a screed is accelerated several times;
• it is possible to avoid cracking of the solution at the time of drying;
• allows you to refuse additional use self-leveling compounds;
• lack of dust inside the premises, since the mixing of the components is carried out outside the building;
• a mechanically formed screed can last much longer.

Creates a perfectly flat surface
PHOTO: otdelo4nik.by

Of the shortcomings, it is worth noting:

• the need to use several types of expensive equipment;
• work must be carried out by people with certain qualifications;
• expediency of use on areas over 100 m².

Requires special equipment
PHOTO: germetik-plus.ru

Laying technology

To form quality screed, it is necessary to carefully observe the technology of its filling. To do this, you need to prepare suitable equipment and understand the specifics of its use.

Technology is a must
PHOTO: static.tildacdn.com

Necessary equipment

To implement the mechanized method, you must have available:

• air blower in which the mixture is prepared. Complete set with a special pneumatic actuator contributes to the supply of ready-made concrete to the place of work. Depending on the characteristics of the equipment used, the device provides solution supply to a height of up to 120 m;
• vibrorail used to compact the solution;
• disk grinder, which levels and seals the screed;
• seam cutter. Required for large areas. Prevents cracking of concrete and promotes its rapid drying.

A pneumatic pump will help raise the solution to the desired height.
PHOTO: perfectbuild.ulcraft.com

Preparatory work and waterproofing

Preparation of the base consists in checking its integrity and cleaning it from existing contaminants. All identified damage is removed with plaster or other suitable solution. A waterproofing film is laid on the prepared base and attached to the walls with an overlap of 10–15 cm.

Level marking in progress. To do this, beacons are installed that determine to what height the concrete solution will be poured.

Filling the mixture and maturation of the screed

Depending on the type of equipment used, a solution is prepared, or a dry mixture is poured into a special hopper. After that, the mixture is poured over the previously set beacons. With the help of a vibrating screed and a disk grinder the mixture is compacted and leveled. Rubbing of seams begins 2-3 hours after pouring the mixture. Seams are cut if necessary.

The screed is left until completely dry. If the work was carried out indoors south side, it is desirable to cover the formed surface with a film.

The mixture is supplied through a special hose
PHOTO: sk-rm.ru

How much does mechanical screed installation cost?

The cost of forming a semi-dry screed directly depends on its thickness and the type of equipment used. The price is calculated per square and often depends on total area. On average, prices start from 300 - 500 rubles per 1 m².

The work of a builder has never been easy, and finishing work has always been among the most labor-intensive. But mechanization has reached this construction sector, thanks to the fact that a plastering machine has appeared - with your own hands there is no longer any need to perform whole line fairly heavy operations. Plus, a plastering machine can replace a whole team of finishers, which is very beneficial from an economic point of view.

Related articles:

How good is she

Naturally, this is not an autonomous robot and the presence of a person is a prerequisite.

But, nevertheless, this unit took over the most difficult and routine processes.

1. As you know, the preparation of the solution is a physically difficult process, while the unit prepares everything by itself.
2. An important plus is that the machine accurately doses the amount of water and dry mix, as a result we get a high-quality mortar in a constant mode. The human factor is completely excluded, which is quite important in such work.
3. Due to mechanical mixing and fast supply of the composition, the solution is saturated with air. The volume increases and this gives significant savings compared to the manual method.
4. Saves a lot of time and labor resources, a wall plastering machine replaces a small team of workers and does the same job, but much faster.
5. Since the solution is applied to the walls quickly and evenly, it dries less.

As a result, the quality of the finish is greatly improved.

• In addition, the wall plastering machine is available to operate. The instruction manual is elementary simple, absolutely anyone can learn how to maintain it. You don't need to be a professional decorator to do this.
• The unit itself has relatively small dimensions, plus comfortable handles and wheels for transportation. As a result, a couple of adult men can deliver it with their own hands to any floor and to any point in the construction site.
• Most units are assembled from separate modules. This makes it possible to quickly assemble and disassemble the machine, which is very convenient for storage or transportation over long distances.
• In serial units, all main processes are regulated, thanks to which the plastering machine can be used not only on large facilities but also on small teams of contractors.

Highlights of the machine

How it works

• The unit requires an electrical network and desirable water supply. If there is no source of water supply at the construction site, it does not matter either, serial units are equipped with a pump that will supply water from any available container.
• Any machine has a hopper for loading a dry mix, ready-made, factory mixes for plastering are loaded into it.
• From the bunker, the finished mixture is fed into a special chamber for mixing with water by auger. The mixing process takes place continuously and the finished mixture is immediately injected into the distribution system.

Important: in the event of a machine shutdown, there will be a minimum of excess prepared solution - only what remains in the chamber and hose. All of them are easily produced when plastering problem areas.

• A device is attached to the end of the mortar hose, usually in the form of a gun, with which the mixture is evenly applied to the wall. The plaster gun, in turn, has several application modes, which are set depending on the type of surface and the consistency of the mortar.
• Units can be based on diaphragm, screw or piston pumps. There are 2 main types of devices AShS is more autonomous system(stands for a plaster mixing unit). The design is equipped with a cyclic block for continuous mixing of the solution.
• A more simplified system is the ASh system, which stands for plastering unit. It requires a ready-made solution of the appropriate quality. This device is an earlier analogue of the AShS and is cost-effective only for large construction sites.

Application technology

• Initially, before applying the composition, the surface should be carefully prepared. The preparation process is carried out in the same way as with the manual application method. You should start by inspecting the surface and removing the old layer of plaster. There should be no paint stains or oil stains on the wall. The base must be dry, strong and clean. If fungus or mold is found, they must be removed.
• Further, in accordance with the type of solution, the surface must be primed. The primer is applied with a conventional roller or brush. Before applying to the wall, beacons are installed and corner profiles. You can attach them to the mortar or mounting adhesive.
• Now the wall plastering machine comes into play. Each unit has its own instructions, in accordance with which it must be operated. After assembly and connection, check all hoses for kinks.

• After that, the operator becomes at an angle to the surface to be treated and begins work. The gun is held in the dominant hand, the second hand fixes the hose, it should not be stretched and stressed in the docking station.
• Initially filled deep depressions and cracks, then the composition is evenly applied to the surface. Plastering is carried out from the left, upper corner of the room and gradually moves down and to the right.
• When working with ceiling covering, you need to start from the corner furthest from the window. The composition is laid in even strips about 70 cm long. The laying step is selected depending on the thickness of the application.

Important: when applying a thick plaster layer, as well as when manual way plaster must be applied in layers. The interval between applying layers should be at least half an hour.

The video in this article shows the principle of machine plastering.

• Plastering machine - no the only miracle technology, which currently facilitates the work of builders. With large volumes and on large, flat areas, a trowel for plaster has proven itself well.
• It is installed on beacons and fixed. After that, the machine lays the solution in an even layer. The surface after such laying does not require additional leveling and grouting. But this unit can only work on a ready-made mixture.
• The solution can be prepared independently or both devices can be used in combination, which automates the plastering process by at least 70%.

The video in this article shows how a trowel for plaster works.

Important: currently all presented on construction market units work on ready solution or dry plaster mixtures by combining them with water.

Machine made by hand

• Serial models of plastering units are of course powerful, practical and high-quality. But the main disadvantage here is the price. They are quite expensive. Naturally, to perform a one-time job, a person will not buy a device that costs more than the whole job together with the material. And renting is not always possible.
• But even here there is a way out, our land has not yet become impoverished with talents. Next, a home-made plastering machine will be presented to your court. Of course, in terms of power and performance, it is inferior to serial models, but its cost is acceptable, plus it is quite easy to work with it quickly.
• As a basis, we will take a conventional fire extinguisher with a capacity of 4 liters, it has most of the parts we need, these are a handle, a solution bottle and an outlet valve opening lever. A larger fire extinguisher will be too bulky, and a smaller container will need to be refilled frequently.
• First you need to cut off the bottom of the fire extinguisher. A homemade machine will work on the principle of a spray gun, so the fire extinguisher tank will serve as a solution hopper and be in an upside down position.
• A hole is drilled opposite the outlet valve and a metal tube is inserted into it, at the end of which a nozzle with a diameter of 4–5 mm is mounted. It will supply air from the compressor.
• The power of the device depends not only on the diameter of the outlet and air pressure, big role plays the gap between the nozzle and the outlet nozzle. The closer the nozzle is to the outlet nozzle, the stronger the mixture will be ejected.

Tip: for plastering under a fur coat, 15 - 20 mm from the nozzle to the nozzle is enough; for finely dispersed mixtures, the nozzle should be located closer and the compressor pressure should be higher.

• You can, of course, sweat, cut a thread of the appropriate diameter on a metal duct tube and fix the tube to the nuts through the seals. In this case, the gap will be adjustable or just scald the connection.
• But the easiest way out is to fix and at the same time seal the tube with resin.
• To do this, the fire extinguisher hopper, with a tube inserted into it, is installed so that the angle between the axis of the outlet and the horizon is 45º. Liquid resin is poured in such a way that its level does not reach the nozzle a little, after which the fire extinguisher is left alone until the resin hardens.

• The option with pouring resin is also good because during operation, the solution flows down an inclined surface directly to the nozzle.
• Next, you need to get a compressor that creates pressure from 2 atmospheres, connect the connecting hoses, fill in the solution and you can work.

The video in this article shows how a homemade wall plastering machine works.

Conclusion

The automatic plastering machine is good for professionals. If you are the owner of a construction company or just make a living doing finishing work, then a wall plastering machine will increase your income by several times. If you are lining your house yourself, then it is easier to rent a compressor and make a plastering unit from a fire extinguisher with your own hands.

Plastering is a quick and inexpensive way finishing walls and ceilings. The advantages of this method are countless, however, it is quite difficult to apply the solution manually, especially when it comes to finishing works over a large area. To reduce time, save material, and at the same time greatly increase productivity, a simple device called a hopper bucket (pneumatic bucket or plaster shovel) allows. Being, in fact, a textured gun, the device applies plaster to the walls by spraying, which gives a lot of advantages over the traditional trowel and spatula. Commercial network offers factory models of plaster shovels of various sizes and purposes. We, given the simple design of the device, offer to make it yourself, especially since the materials for the pneumatic bucket are most often right at hand.

What is a hopper bucket and how does it work

Applying plaster with a hopper bucket greatly increases the speed of finishing work

Before manufacturing a hopper bucket, it would be useful to familiarize yourself with its design and principle of operation. This will allow not only to assemble the fixture according to the provided drawings, but also, if necessary, to make your own adjustments, depending on the availability of materials and operating features.

The principle of operation of a pneumatic bucket resembles the operation of a spray gun. Starting finishing activities, turn on the compressor, connect the hose to the gun, collect the plaster mixture into the hopper and open the pneumatic valve. Air under high pressure is supplied to the working cavity through the inlet fitting located on the back wall fixtures. Carrying the particles of the plaster solution, the air flow exits through special nozzles located in front of the device. In this case, the plaster is quickly and evenly sprayed onto the wall. The advantage of the bucket-shaped design is that during operation, you can scoop the liquid mixture from another container, rather than pouring it from a bucket.

Video: Working with an air bucket

Air bucket design

Scheme of pneumatic hopper bucket ( plaster shovel), presented in the figures, will make it possible to understand all the advantages of the design. Due to the inclination of the front wall, the plaster can be applied not only on vertical wall surfaces, but also on the ceiling and inclined planes in any direction.

Scheme of a plaster ladle

Usual sand-cement mixture not recommended for plastering ceilings. It is better to use lighter gypsum-based finishing compositions.

The top of the tank has a closed part on the compressor connection side. This allows you not to spill the solution when tilting the bucket during plastering of ceilings. Being engaged in the manufacture of fixtures, it is important to keep some design parameters within certain limits. So, it is not recommended to increase the diameter of the inlet more than 4–5 mm. The distance between the rear and front walls at the bottom of the bucket should be no more than 20 - 25 mm, and the diameter of the outlet nozzle should be from 10 to 15 mm. In this case, the operability of the design will be provided by an ordinary household compressor, designed for pressure up to 8 atmospheres and an air flow rate of about 220 - 250 liters per minute. If, however, the distance between the inlet and the nozzle is increased, then the power of the air flow will not be enough to push the mixture under pressure sufficient to spray the solution onto the wall.

The hopper bucket is equipped with a pneumatic valve for the convenience of work

To turn on the air supply to the hopper bucket, a manually operated valve is installed, similar to those used in air guns for pumping air into car tires. For these purposes, you can use the most common ball valve installed on the air supply hose, however, the first option is more convenient and allows you to instantly stop the supply of the mixture, and this gives additional savings in the solution.

Advantages and disadvantages

Being simple and efficient fixture for finishing walls and ceilings, the hopper bucket has a lot of advantages:

• high speed of finishing works;
• the possibility of using unskilled labor;
• versatility (the device allows you to work with building mixtures of any type);
• the use of fibrous impurities and other decorative additives;
• increased adhesion of the mortar to the wall due to high speed splashing;
• profitability;
• low cost.

Requirements for building mixtures

A plaster shovel can work with any finishing materials

The hopper bucket is a versatile assistant to the plasterer and allows you to work with finishing solutions any type:

• textured paints of increased fluidity;
• cement-sand mortars;
• cork plaster mixtures;
• liquid wallpaper;
• concrete mixtures;
• gypsum plasters.

Modified admixtures that are added to plaster mixes can improve their working properties, increase labor productivity and reduce the cost of finishing materials.

Design features of hopper buckets

Even such a simple design as a plaster ladle has several modifications associated with the need to work in a different plane:

The design of both pneumatic equipment differs only in the lower part. So, for a fixture that is used for wall finishing, the outlet nozzles (or nozzle) are directly opposite the duct opening and are oriented perpendicular to the mass of the solution. As for the plaster shovels intended for ceiling work, their output of the working mixture is directed at a slight angle upwards. This allows you to finish the surface, almost without tilting the device "on itself". In addition, in buckets of this type, the upper opening on the operator's side is partially closed. This prevents the mixture from pouring out, while the actual absence of a lid will allow you to freely scoop the solution from the container during operation.

The outlet holes of the ceiling plaster shovel are directed at an angle upwards

The bunker of factory textured pistols is most often made of galvanized or stainless steel. steel sheet. A small thickness makes it possible to lighten the structure, and the use of riveted joints makes it less susceptible to variable loads. IN homemade buckets The container used to be made mainly of thin sheet steel, welding the parts of the bunker together. With the advent of riveting devices, at home it became possible to make a hopper bucket that is completely identical to the factory product.

The technology of applying finishing materials using a plaster shovel

As with manual plastering, beacons are set up before starting to apply the mortar, and the surface of the walls or ceiling is cleaned of dust and moistened. If necessary, the surface layer is reinforced with composite primers or reinforced with a special mesh.

During the operation of the hopper, the working mixture is consumed very quickly (in 3–4 minutes more than 50 kg of plaster is sprayed from its nozzle), therefore, before proceeding with the application of the finishing layer, the necessary supply of mortar is made.

For plastering large surfaces, a conventional mixer will not be enough - it is better to stock up on a mortar mixer or a concrete mixer. The preparation of working mixtures is carried out in full accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations indicated on the packaging.

Plastering is started without delay, especially when it comes to gypsum compositions. The hopper is held with the right hand by the handle of the pistol, and with the left hand by the bracket on the hopper. Using the ladle as a scoop, scoop up the solution from the container and shake off its excess from the outer walls of the hopper. The gun is brought to the wall and the trigger of the sprayer is pressed. By smoothly moving the device from bottom to top, from one beacon to another, they evenly fill the gap building mix. After that long rule(you can use a flat rail) is carried out along the lighthouses, removing excess plaster. The use of a hard mix has the advantage that it lays perfectly on a vertical wall, does not slip and does not follow the rule. In addition, a small amount of liquid reduces shrinkage, which makes it possible to plaster in one layer.

Video: Plastering lighthouses with a hopper bucket

The distance to the walls is determined based on what effect they want to get - textured plaster or smooth surface. In the first case, by selecting a mixture, one obtains required size"shagreen". In addition, they experiment with inlet and nozzle diameters, using several nozzles for different finishing effects.

After setting, the plaster is rubbed, and the ladle is washed. The remains of the solution are removed manually, and the nozzles are purged with a compressor by placing the hopper in a container of water. If the work is not finished, but simply requires a short break, then flushing is still indispensable. Only after that the tool is not dried, but left in water.

• plaster is best placed on pre-leveled walls, regardless of what material they are made of - brick, concrete, cinder blocks or thermal insulation slabs;
• for operation, a pressure of up to 4 atmospheres is sufficient, which can be increased to a value of 6 atmospheres to compensate for the drop in performance at the time of switching on;
• if it is necessary to apply a thick layer of plaster, the pneumatic ladle is kept at a distance of 2–3 cm from the wall. A gap of 6 - 10 cm is considered optimal;
• if the solution is applied as a finishing layer, then the textured gun is held at a maximum distance from the surface;

Sometimes there is a need for plastering hard-to-reach places. In such cases, additional nozzles are installed that expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200buse of the tool.

Making a hopper bucket of the simplest design

The plaster gun is such an elementary design that it can be made in a few hours. All that is required for this is to determine the size of the device, prepare necessary materials and a tool, after which it remains to assemble the bucket and test it in action.

Drawings and dimensions

Despite the apparent simplicity, in the manufacture of a textured air gun, it is better to use the drawings of assembled and tested structures. Of course, the configuration of the bunker can be developed independently, however, the advantage of the drawings presented below is that they take into account the errors of several previous models and the wishes of plasterers. Of course, the dimensions of the device can be changed at your discretion. It is only important to observe proportions and slopes, and also not to forget about the limiting values ​​​​of the parameters of the spray part of the device.

When deciding on the size of the fixture, do not forget that you will have to work continuously for several hours, all the while holding the ladle with plaster on weight. That is why it is not advisable to manufacture equipment with a volume of more than 2 - 3 liters.

Materials and tools

To make a hopper bucket at home, you will need:

• sheet metal thickness from 0.4 to 1 mm. You can use both ordinary steel and aluminum or galvanized sheet;
• air gun or steel tube ¼ inch in diameter;
• nozzle, the manufacture of which can be ordered from a turner;
• one or more washers (according to the number of nozzles) with an inner diameter of 10 - 12 mm;
• metal scissors;
• "Bulgarian" (angle grinder);
• electric drill and a set of drills;
• metal ruler;
• marker.

You can assemble the bucket by welding or riveting - it all depends on the availability welding machine or riveter, as well as the material of construction.

Plaster gun assembly instructions

1. Transfer the contours from the drawing to sheet metal using tracing paper. After that, go through all the lines with a sharp scriber. This will make it possible to maintain their visibility when cutting.
2. Use metal shears or a grinder to cut out the pattern of the hopper. If the size of the workpiece is not enough, then the development can be divided into several parts.

   If the bunker is made of tin, then it is quite possible to get by with metal shears

3. Bend the metal workpiece of the base of the bucket along the lines of the bottom plane.
4. Weld the front and back of the container to the received part.
   

   When using riveting joints at the joints of the bunker parts, it is required to make an allowance of at least 10 mm wide.

5. Attach the top handle of the hopper. The model shown in the diagram has it on the left, therefore, the main weight falls on the right hand (for the right-hander). If the tool is to be used by a left-hander, the handle is transferred to the other side.
6. In the lower part of the hopper, holes are drilled for nozzles, which are reinforced on both sides with steel washers.

   

I decided to make myself a plaster gun. Such a gun greatly facilitates the work when plastering walls, especially at the stage of spraying the solution onto the wall. And it does it much better than manual sketching. Drops of the solution are much smaller than with manual, penetrate better into small irregularities of the wall and, since they fly from a pressure gun, adhere to the wall much better.

The spraying process is very fast. 1 square meter surface is covered plaster mortar in less than a minute. The thickness of the plaster layer is very precisely controlled.

In addition, this method allows you to create a textured pattern of plaster in the form of "pimples". According to which various patterns can be forced out, imitating masonry made of stone, large blocks, etc.

The principle of operation of the plaster gun is simple. The air escaping from the nozzle carries the plaster particles with it, spraying the plaster onto the wall. The container for plaster is a ladle, which is convenient to collect plaster from another container, where it is drained from the mortar mixer or in which it is prepared. The scheme of the plaster gun is shown in the figures.

The front inclined wall of the gun allows you to apply plaster both on vertical planes and on the opposite - horizontal ones (ceiling). Only in this case it is more convenient to use a mixture of the "rotbant" type, since it is lighter than a simple plaster mixture.

The closed part of the top cover of the container also contributes to this. When repeating the design, it is important to observe the approximate dimensions of the nozzle and the distance between the nozzle and the hole in the front wall of the gun bucket. The nozzle diameter was approximately 4-5 mm, the distance to the front wall was 15-20 mm. Front hole diameter 10-13 mm. My bucket is made from a segment of a 5 liter rectangular canister from some kind of solvent. Only the front wall I made of galvanized steel. The connection is made on rivets.

As a handle and a valve for turning the air on and off, a ready-made purchased “gun” for various pneumatic tools was used. Since its front is threaded, the gun itself is fixed in a hole made in the hopper.

But since the weight of the solution is decent, and the spray gun itself is made of thin aluminum, it is additionally fixed with two strips of the same duralumin. A handle is also attached to the hopper. Handle angle 45 degrees. Handle on the left side. Well, if someone is left-handed, then it must be done on the right side.

Wall plastering.

The plaster mortar is prepared in the usual way (sand, cement, lime). The mortar must be much harder than when plastering by hand. A lump squeezed by hands should roughly hold its shape and not give moisture to the hand during compression.

It is possible to plaster with a softer and more elastic mixture, the device will throw it without problems. But there will be problems with shrinkage and cracks. And also with the flow of the solution from the bunker. The leveling process will also be a little more difficult.

So, we kneaded the mixture, set up beacons. The wall was primed if necessary. Now we connect the compressor to the gun with a hose. We set the pressure to 2-3 atmospheres. Right hand we hold the pistol by the handle, and the left by the handle on the bunker. We collect plaster, using the bunker as a scoop. We shake off the remnants of the solution from the outer surfaces of the hopper. We bring the gun to the wall at a distance of about 15-20 cm. We press the trigger, smoothly moving the gun between the beacons. We fill the gap between the beacons from the bottom up until the entire gap is filled. Then we take a board / rail or a rule, and remove the remnants of the plaster.

Since the mix is ​​stiff, it doesn't drag on the board or slide off the wall. Also, it does not give much shrinkage, which allows plastering in one layer with a primed wall. You can easily pre-spray the solution.

At exterior finish insulation boards (for example, polystyrene foam), we select the density of the mixture depending on the desired size of the "pimples". A harder solution gives smaller size. You can also play with the nozzle diameter and distance to the wall, as well as the diameter of the hole in front of the hopper. You can also apply several nozzles and inserts to the hopper opening to increase the speed of work. But even with a single nozzle, the device applies the volume of the bucket (~ 1 liter) in 10-20 seconds. In general, you will quickly master this tool.

Especially its performance shows itself in applying the solution on fairly equal surfaces (Polystyrene foam, flat brickwork, concrete wall, etc.)

Stanislav Zahazhevsky (Lithuania)

The use of specialized machines and equipment in the work greatly improves the quality of the work performed, speeds up and facilitates the process. Mechanized plastering was no exception, which made it possible to replace heavy physical labor with machines and improve the quality of the leveled surfaces.

Next, we will tell you what automated wall plastering is, what are its advantages and disadvantages, what machines and what technology is used to apply the solution, and we will show you several ways how machine wall plastering is carried out using video examples.

What is mechanized plastering - advantages and disadvantages

In a mechanized way - this is the application of a leveling layer using special devices, and is fed to the surface by machines, under pressure, a person only controls the process. Mechanized plaster is suitable for almost all repair and construction projects, from cosmetic repairs in a small apartment to major finishing internal walls and huge houses industrial premises. Reviews of mechanized wall plastering are the best, there are several significant advantages that distinguish mechanical alignment from manual:

• High labor productivity, relative time saving self made 5-7 times.
• Reducing the financial cost of paying workers, a mechanized process does not require the involvement of a large number of specialists.
• High quality and strength of the finished leveled surface. Machine plaster, made in compliance with the technology, excludes additional work grout, grease, putty.
• Significant material savings.

Device for mechanical plastering - saving time and materials

Mechanical wall plastering involves the use of modern mixtures: quick-drying, with high adhesive characteristics, with good heat and sound insulation properties, vapor permeable. The mechanical method improves the quality of the leveled surfaces many times over, and contributes to a favorable indoor microclimate.

The technology of plastering by mechanized method consists of several stages:

• : surfaces are cleaned of projections, dirt, dust, greasy spots, glue, etc., their curvature is assessed, beacons are installed, corners are strengthened;
• treatment with an anti-corrosion compound;
• , the mixture is loaded into the machine, where the dry components are thoroughly mixed with water until a homogeneous consistency is obtained;
• mechanical application of the plaster layer with a sprayer, the jet is supplied strictly perpendicular to the walls;
• leveling with spatulas and a rule, redistribution of surpluses, manual working out of hard-to-reach places: fine-tuning corners, joints, niches;
• after 1-2 hours, after the composition has set, grouting is performed to eliminate the smallest defects and make the surface smooth;
• under normal climatic conditions, after 3-4 days the layer dries completely, you can start finishing.

Important: At high humidity air solution can dry for about a week. So that the quality of the repair does not suffer with decorative trim, it is better not to rush.

See how the plaster is done by machine, the video clearly shows all the nuances of the mechanical finish.

Mixes for mechanized plaster

In outdoor work, for mechanical plastering of facades and plinths, they are often used, diluted in a special way. For internal mechanical decoration of walls and ceilings, it is recommended to use. Many premixes are designed to be suitable for both manual and machine application.

Plastering walls by machine involves the use of a special apparatus that, under pressure created by a compressor, supplies the mixture to the wall in an even layer, which saves materials, better adhesion, and fills the smallest gaps and cracks with mortar. In addition, ready mixes for machines contain plasticizers and additives that improve the quality and strength of the finish.

Apparatus and machines for applying plaster - types and principle of operation

If you set a goal, then flaws can also be found in the Sun, so, if we talk about the minuses, we note that mechanical plastering of walls requires special equipment. A plastering machine is an expensive pleasure and it is sometimes impractical to acquire it. But the market has responded to this problem and now various tools, machines, machine tools, compressors, pistols, pneumoshovels are offered for rent for applying plaster in a mechanized way with their own hands.

Good to know: The cost of mechanized wall plastering depends on the area to be treated, the type of mixture and, accordingly, its price, as well as on the geometry of the room, how thick the layer will have to be laid and leveled.

Pneumoshovel for mechanical method

Hoppers for mechanical plastering of walls and are equipped with different nozzles for hard and soft mortars. The machine for pouring the composition is a steel container for scooping up the solution. There are 4 nozzles in the container for supplying the mixture, and 4 for air. The device is provided with a tube-holder, covered with a material that prevents hands from slipping, a valve for supplying compressed air is mounted on it. Below is a lesson - mechanized wall plastering, the video will help you learn all the intricacies of working with a pneumatic shovel.

Working with a plaster pneumoshovel is simple, no special skills and qualifications are required. The average productivity for do-it-yourself mechanized plastering is 60 sq.m./hour. There are wall and ceiling machines, the difference is in the shape of the bucket and its location relative to the handle-holder.

Pneumatic shovel for mechanical finishing of walls and ceilings

Pneumatic gun for mechanical application of plaster

The gun for wall plastering is a machine for applying mortar in a mechanized way, it is a short barrel-nozzle, onto which nozzles are screwed in a threaded way, providing varying degrees splashing the mixture. At the top of the cartridge pistol there is a funnel-container made of plastic or metal, the average volume is 5 liters. IN modern models machines, the handle is equipped with a trigger, by pressing which the mechanical supply of the solution is supplied or stopped, in appearance the device resembles an airbrush. A branch is provided at the bottom of the handle for connecting a hose with air from the compressor.

Various nozzles for the machine allow the use of compositions of different consistency in mechanized plaster. The ability to adjust the mixture and air supply allows using the projection gun to do not only rough mechanical leveling of the walls, but also decorative finishes, including textured splashes.

Gun for the mechanized method of applying the mortar

Apparatus for mechanical application of plaster

The modern market for construction equipment offers a huge range of machines and machines for applying mortar in a mechanized way. They differ in size technical specifications, structure. For example, German machines for applying plaster can boast of compact dimensions, they have the function of not only supplying the solution mechanically, but also painting.

Compact machine for the mechanical method of applying the mixture - convenient option in individual construction

Machines for mechanical plastering domestic production are of significant size. Designed for rough plaster and putty. They can prepare solutions based on,. The machines are suitable not only for the mechanical finishing of walls and ceilings, but also for screeding and self-leveling floors.

The mechanical device for mechanized plastering of the middle class is usually compact in size and adapted for independent work by one person. The machine is equipped with a special pump adapted to pump, spray, prepare and apply dry, pasty and other plaster mixtures with a grain fraction of up to 2 mm.

Modern automatic large area wall plastering machine

As part of the machines for applying the plaster layer in a mechanized way, there is a container for water and dry mix. IN modern equipment the proportions of the mixture are programmed, the consistency of the mortar is correct, which ensures material savings, quality and strength of the leveling layer. In the container, the solution is thoroughly mixed, loosened, filled with oxygen. With the help of a hose, the finished plaster mixture is fed to the walls, ceiling, floor. Special nozzles help to create a jet of the desired shape and size. Machine-applied plaster allows you to finish the walls 5-6 times faster than with manual work.

Watch the video on how one of the ways the walls are plastered by machine, the video clearly shows how evenly the solution falls on the wall and how much the whole finishing process speeds up.