Purification of domestic wastewater - comfortable conditions are necessary in a country house. The use of compressors for septic tanks, cleaning systems, modern filtration systems
With regard to individual houses, centralized sewerage is a luxury available in a relatively small number of especially comfortable settlements. Owners country houses located in places where there is no centralized sewerage, it is necessary to resolve the issue with the treatment or disposal of polluted effluents. Actually, if you do not consider the option with cesspool and direct discharge of all drains under the fence to a neighbor, the choice is narrowed to three options: a storage tank, a septic tank and an aeration unit. It cannot be said that one of these options is definitely better than the others and is suitable for any mode of use on a site with any type of pound and any level of groundwater. IN certain conditions even the most technically advanced and expensive local treatment system (VOC) will lose to the simplest and cheapest one simply because it is not suitable for given operating conditions. To find best option VOC specifically for your site and your intended operating conditions, you must be prepared to answer the following questions:
- Requirements for the purity of discharged effluents at the location of the site.
- The possibility of placing a treatment plant on the site in accordance with sanitary standards.
- VOC operation mode (permanent residence in the house, seasonal or on weekends).
- The volume of carried out stocks.
- Ground water level.
With all this, the choice treatment facilities will have to be compared with their own financial capabilities. Aeration units are the most expensive. The septic tanks themselves (plus the filtration field) are about half the price, but the volume, and hence the cost earthworks their installation is noticeably higher. The storage capacity is the most affordable, but requires periodic payment for the services of sewers that carry out the removal of accumulated effluents (2-3 thousand for export).
Requirements for the purity of discharged effluents at the location of the site
The most stringent requirements for the quality of wastewater are imposed when the site is located in water protection zone, the width of which can be 250 meters from the river, 100 meters from the lake and 50 meters from underground water sources (wells, wells, springs). In such places, it is easier not to try to clean the drains, but to drain them into sealed storage tanks. As the tank fills up, it will be necessary to call for sewers with a special machine that will pump out and take out the drains. Of course, when permanent residence in a house with a large number of people, this will have to be done almost every two or three days, but if two or three people use the house and only on weekends, the frequency of calling vacuum trucks is reduced to several times per season.
The second option is the installation of an aeration unit with a wastewater treatment rate of 98 percent or more. This issue must be approached with all responsibility, since representatives of Rospotrebnadzor (which now includes the abolished as an independent body of the SES) will focus not so much on certificates confirming the degree of purification of the system, but on the actual analysis of the water purified by it. You may need to install an additional filter or disinfection unit. Disinfection is best done by irradiating wastewater with ultraviolet light, although a more advanced ozonation method can also be used. by the most affordable option disinfection is the installation of the so-called chlorine cartridge.
The possibility of placing a treatment plant on the site in accordance with sanitary standards
Very often sizes land plots simply does not allow placing local treatment facilities on them without violating existing sanitary norms. So septic tanks, or rather, their soil filtration fields, cannot be located closer than five meters to the house or the carriageway, and also closer than two meters to the border of the neighboring site. Any plants used for food should not be planted nearby. About the security zones of wells and wells have already been mentioned. At the same time, the septic tank requires, albeit rare, but pumping out the sediment with the help of a sewage tank, the hose length of which usually does not exceed 20 meters.
The solution of the problem can be facilitated by replacing the soil filtration field with a filtering well, which, due to the verticality of its design, occupies a significantly smaller area of the site.
Aeration plants usually do not need either filter wells or filter fields, as a result of which they take up much less space. The high degree of purification provided by them can significantly reduce the restrictions on their placement. Manufacturers even offer to use their purified water to wash cars or water plants. As for the storage tank, when it is placed, the convenience of frequent entrances to the sewage tank is at the forefront.
VOC operating mode
For a septic tank and a storage tank, the schedule for the flow of effluents does not make any difference, but for an aeration plant, a constant flow of effluents is vital. The fact is that cleaning in aeration plants is carried out with the help of colonies of aerobic bacteria, which need not only constant saturation of the liquid with oxygen, but also the nutrition that they receive along with wastewater. If the house is used on a weekend basis, then for a five-day break in the flow of effluent, the bacteria will simply disappear, eating each other due to the lack of other nutrition. Moreover, for an aeration-type VOC to reach its operating mode, that is, for the formation of a colony of bacteria, it takes about ten days of stable flow of effluents.
From this we can draw a simple conclusion that the use of an aeration unit is most justified with permanent residence in the house. In a house designed for seasonal living, one must be prepared that in the first week the degree of wastewater treatment by the aeration plant will be extremely low.
The volume of carried out drains
Accurately calculate the amount of waste in country house quite difficult, because guests can often come to the owners, and then the water consumption will increase significantly. In addition, human water consumption is purely individual. Water consumption by children usually exceeds water consumption by adults. Someone takes a shower once a week, while spending 20-30 liters of water, and someone likes to fill a five-hundred-liter jacuzzi every evening. Modern dishwashers and washing machines consumes water many times less than washing dishes and washing in manual mode. In the evening, up to 70 percent of the water consumption falls, while at night there is practically no runoff in the VOC.
Be that as it may, most VOC manufacturers, for simplicity, have adopted a calculation method based on the water consumption rate of people permanently residing in the house, corresponding to 200 liters per day per person. This norm is almost five times higher than the average real consumption of a person, but it guarantees that during a volley discharge inside the VOC, there will be no overflow, as a result of which the effluents that have not had time to be cleaned will go to the exit. For aeration installations, a volley discharge is also fraught with washing out of aerobic bacteria from the corresponding chamber.
VOC cannot be calculated by this method only for houses with bathtubs, since the volume regular bath- 220 liters, which is 20 liters more than the daily allowance.
Based on this, in order to ensure the normal operation of the VOC, even in the event of probable salvo discharges, it is better to choose a treatment plant with a certain margin.
Ground water level
The high level of groundwater significantly complicates the installation of VOCs and can lead to their ascent after pumping out by sewers. The first is solved by installing formwork in combination with constant pumping of water while digging the pit, and the second with the help of special "skirts" and ribs that prevent ascent, as well as anchoring to heavy concrete structures. But the real problem is the high level of groundwater for the fields of soil filtration of septic tanks. The degree of wastewater treatment after a septic tank is less than 50 percent, and their post-treatment should be carried out in a soil filtration field or in a filter well. If the groundwater is high (above two meters), then the use of a filter well becomes impossible, since the septic tank drains will be mixed in the well with groundwater. For normal operation soil filtration field, its surface should be at least one and a half meters above the groundwater level. With all this, it is necessary that the filtration field does not freeze even in hard frost. The only possible design of the filtration field under such conditions is an insulated embankment. The height of such an embankment is based on the level of pound waters plus one and a half meters. But the embankment makes the operation of the septic tank volatile, since without the help of a pump, water will not go from the outlet of the septic tank up to the filtration field.
Also for septic tanks great importance has the absorbency of the soil, since poorly absorbent soil, even at a low level of groundwater, will significantly complicate the installation of the soil filter.
Results
As you can see, for almost any conditions, you can choose an acceptable way to get rid of domestic wastewater. The main thing is to solve this problem, and not try to hide behind a large fence, slowly draining waste right on your site, littering, first of all, the place where you live or relax.
Man always leaves behind the products of his life. Being in an urban environment, we notice the work of the sewerage system only in case of an emergency. Another thing is when it is necessary to equip a private house, and in order not to live among their own waste, purification systems were invented. To independently solve problems related to the accumulation of sewage, our company offers a wide range of all types of TOPAS septic tanks at affordable prices.
There are several types of purification plants. Storage systems are the simplest in terms of their functions. They are common in places where there is no central sewerage. These septic tanks or, more simply, cesspools only collect and store waste, but under conditions modern construction such objects must be taken seriously. This design has big sizes, withstands temperature extremes, soil pressure, it is reliable and moisture resistant. The owner will have to contact technical support to empty the septic tank, since he will not be able to do this on his own.
Purification systems not only collect, but also partially clarify wastewater. Such a septic tank consists of internal chambers, passing through which sewage is divided into light and heavy. Light fractions enter the soil, while heavy fractions ferment at the bottom of the system. In order to avoid the destruction of the foundation, this septic tank for wastewater is installed with the condition that it is located at a small distance from the house itself.
Finally, the most modern septic tanks TOPAS operating on the basis of the system biological treatment with aerobic bacteria. organic compounds decompose in additional chambers of the TOPAS system under the influence of oxidizing components.
Cleaning station TOPAS
Our company "Mosseptic" will help you choose optimal model TOPAS, which is right for you. Treatment plants occupy a leading position and have no analogues in the market of such facilities. Today, this septic tank for the house meets all international requirements and standards. Cleaning stations of the TOPAS brand do not require special care, are easy to operate and do not cause any harm to the environment. During the use of the system, the water is purified by more than 98%, and can be used for any purpose: watering, draining into a pond and other household needs.
TOPAZ septic tanks are manufactured according to Czech technology. Such a treatment plant is adapted to the conditions of use in Russia, it is compact, silent and does not emit unpleasant odors. Our company will install and launch the device in a short time, installation does not require special equipment. Each TOPAZ container performs certain functions:
- one accumulates and equalizes wastewater;
- the second produces aeration;
- the third purifies water using activated sludge;
- the fourth accumulates excess silt.
The catalog of our company includes a wide range of the lineup TOPAS treatment facilities, which will allow you to choose a specific option depending on the parameters of the territory, soil quality, groundwater level and the number of people living on suburban area, taking into account the arrival of guests. The TOPAS station will properly perform all its functions for a long period of time.
Cleaning systems Topas
Cleaning stations Astra, Topas, Ekodin 5
Cleaning system Astra, Topas, Ekodin 5 PR
Number of users: 5
Equipping your country house, as a rule, the most difficult thing is to solve the issue of sewage. To be more specific, it is not easy to produce it quality installation and competently apply the necessary treatment facilities. The consequences of the fact that this factor is not taken into account in a timely manner can be quite critical. What is pollution worth? environment, all nearby territories and water bodies, to which the sewer system adjoins. Also, all experts unanimously declare that the treatment plant and sewer systems- the process is very complicated compared to the others construction work. Therefore, the owners country cottages required to solve cleaning problems domestic water in advance - even at the design stage of construction. We want to talk about the main local treatment systems and the principles of their operation.
The need for treatment facilities and their types
First of all, I would like to dwell on why cleaning systems are needed in principle. Even elementary logic suggests the answer. They are necessary to ensure that polluted sewage does not accumulate on the site. Of course, you can just dig cesspool, however, over time, unpleasant odors will spread throughout the site and beyond. In addition, contaminated wastewater can be absorbed into the ground and thus enter drinking sources. The pollution of groundwater and recreational areas, beaches, etc. also occurs.
Two types are most widely used today. cleaning systems. This is an aeration station and cleaning through a septic tank with filtration.
Septic tanks and underground filtration
Traditionally, in suburban areas, wastewater is treated using a septic tank and underground filtration. This method is so often used because it is very convenient and quite simple. A septic tank is a kind of reservoir installed underground. Waste water in it decomposes under the influence of various microorganisms. The septic tank also looks very simple. The hermetic capacity of its body is divided into several reservoirs. On the one hand, contaminated water enters it through pipes, and on the other, treated effluents also exit through pipes. Each of the sectors inside the tank differs in its functions and purifies the water various methods and in varying degrees. Insoluble residues remain in the septic tank, which must be cleaned out once a year. Previously, septic tanks were made of bricks, and today tanks are made of polymers, which are durable and tight.
However, exposure to contaminated water in septic tanks is not enough. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out post-treatment, which underground filtration copes with. It is carried out using a biofilter, the surface of which is covered with a film of various microorganisms. After the contaminated water is passed through the bacteria, sludge will remain, which also needs to be cleaned from time to time. Biofilters differ in their design. Most popular:
Filtering fields;
Filtering trenches and wells;
Sand and gravel filters.
The popularity of underground filtration is also provoked by the fact that it great way organization of underground irrigation of the soil, which increases the productivity of agriculture in a separate area.
aeration station
Every year, such a filtration method as an aeration station is becoming more widespread. This device is quite compact, does not require serious work during installation, can be installed in any type of soil, and is powered by the mains. It is easy to use, while the level of tightness and reliability is very high. You decide where the treated wastewater will be discharged, for example, you can organize a pipeline to the nearest reservoir.
The aeration station allows you to produce deep cleaning dirty waste water by biological method. In this system, biological treatment was combined with fine-bubble aeration (artificial air supply). The result of cleaning is process water, on the one hand, and organic fertilizers, with another. It turns out that using an aeration station is not only convenient, but also quite profitable.
Use of treatment systems
It is important not only to purchase and install facilities, but also to properly operate them. And you need to start even at the installation stage, since it is necessary to ensure that good ventilation because without air, all microorganisms will simply die. In addition, during use, it is necessary to ensure that the filters do not undergo excessive silting, for which they must be periodically washed with chlorine water, preferably in the spring. And, as we have said, do not forget to remove undissolved sediment from the septic tank.
During construction or renovation country house be sure to consider the need for the organization of treatment facilities.
A country house for many people is not just a place to relax on a weekend or vacation, but also a permanent place of residence, replacing a stuffy apartment in the city. Therefore, almost each of them seeks to make living conditions in their own country house most comfortable.
In the event that there is no central sewerage network in the holiday village, which often happens, autonomous sewerage comes to the rescue using a septic tank - a local treatment plant.
Classification of septic tanks
The basis of the principle of operation of any septic tank, regardless of the material of manufacture and design, is the mechanism of biological oxidation. This option was suggested to man by nature itself, therefore, such cleaning Wastewater does without the use of chemicals and does not pose a threat to human health and the environment.
Septic tanks are generally divided into two main types:
Advice! The question of how to make an autonomous sewage system, everyone must decide for themselves, based on the length of stay in the dwelling (temporary or permanent), the number of sanitary appliances used in the house (baths, sinks, toilet bowls, washing machines, etc.) , the number of people living and, of course, on personal preferences and available financial resources.
Cleaning systems, in turn, are also divided into 2 types:
The principle of operation of septic tanks using the method of soil cleaning
The mechanism of operation of septic tanks of this type is quite simple. Sewer drains are delivered by gravity to the septic tank, which has a series of chambers that separate partitions.
Part of the heavy insoluble substances settles at the bottom, the rest from the lack of oxygen ferments and decomposes, forming gas (under the action of anaerobic bacteria).
Overflows and partitions between adjacent chambers are arranged in such a way that floating particles and sediment do not have the opportunity to enter the next section.
Thanks to this mechanism, wastewater is cleaned by 50-65%. Then cleaning is carried out using the ability of the soil to filter - clarified effluents are evenly distributed over the surface of the structure for soil filtration in small portions.
Subsequent purification is carried out with the participation of aerobic bacteria, which, with an abundance of oxygen, feed on organic matter and partially decompose it. Such structures, depending on the filtration capabilities of the soil, are made either in the form of a filtration well, or as an underground filtration field.
At the end of all stages of treatment, wastewater is cleaned by 95%, which is quite enough, based on sanitary standards.
The principle of operation of autonomous sewage in the form of a scheme of deep biological stonecrop
A system of this type is a monoblock in which wastewater is treated by each of the above methods - aerobic and anaerobic ( autonomous sewerage tank or aerotank).
