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Preparing for the winter of grapes of the first year of planting. Preparing grapes for winter - how to protect the vineyard from severe frosts? Strong and prepared grapes endure winter more easily

How to prepare grapes for winter is a question often of interest to gardeners. Having your small plot land, everyone wants to get the maximum yield of crops growing on it. So grapes are among the most common and very favorite delicacies of the whole family. But the plant is a little finicky and tender: the vine is afraid of frost and too dry days. In many sources you can find the secrets of caring for grapes. Only following the recommendations, reading reviews and relying on own experience, you can grow a rich harvest and enjoy the wonderful taste of grapes all year round.

How to prepare grapes for winter is a question often of interest to gardeners.

The benefits of a strong vine

Shoots of young grapes during the period of growth and fruiting must be nourished beneficial substances as much as possible. After all, a healthy and strong vine is more likely to endure low temperatures in winter than a weak and fragile one. Growers define optimal thickness shoots - 12-14 cm with a core diameter 1.5 times smaller than the main trunk.

The lack of vitamins is observed during the flowering of grapes, the formation of the ovary and the ripening of berries. Among these three stages, the first occupies a particularly important place. After all, the formation of inflorescences takes almost all the forces from the plant. That is why it is so important to help the grapes. For this, there is a method of feeding, which nourishes the roots and sprays the leaves.

Often used organics in a liquid composition. It can be like large manure cattle, pigs, and poultry droppings. After the winter, a lot of ash remains in houses with stove heating, which can be used as fertilizer for grapes. All of the above substances are diluted in water (1 kg of slurry per bucket of liquid) to avoid high concentrations. Then the grapes are fed during the flowering period. In this case, the fruits are formed faster, they large sizes and the best taste. It is recommended to fertilize the grape root system with nitrogen-phosphorus supplements.

The ratio of phosphorus and nitrogen is so well chosen that in early spring such food for this plant will be simply irreplaceable.

The frost resistance of grapes also increases with the systematic feeding of its root system with fertilizers containing potassium. A prominent representative is potassium magnesia. The peculiarity of watering it is that the fertilizer itself is not applied under the roots, but they dig in a bush and distribute the feed in small pits. The soil is leveled and regular watering is carried out. After two weeks, it is necessary to repeat the feeding procedure.

Foliar supply of nutrients is carried out with the same solutions, but only applied to the leaves. Then the grapes will calmly survive very dry periods. At the same time, its growth, the quality and quantity of the crop will be preserved, and the ability to overwinter in central Russia will increase.

Ways to prepare grapes for wintering

Vitamin-rich vines will be able to resist decline more strongly. temperature regime. But gardeners offer not to take risks and still additionally wrap the roots and vine, after removing them from the trellis and cutting off the extra shoots. Preparing grapes for winter includes several techniques. These include hilling the root system and shoots, semi-covers and shelters.

The first method will well preserve grapes that are planted in the spring. He is only 1 year old, so it will be easy to cover the bush with a layer of earth and dry leaves. After all, the vine has not yet had time to grow to large sizes. It is easy to clean and cut. But at the same time, it will overwinter perfectly root system, soldering points and the lower part of the vine, but the buds will not be completely protected from frost. Gardeners recommend in such cases to increase the layer of powdered material until all shoots are completely immersed.

Gardeners suggest not to take risks and still additionally wrap the roots and vine, after removing them from the trellis and cutting off the extra shoots

The second way to prepare grapes for wintering protects the crown, which is located at a height of 10-20 cm from the base. The rest of the vine is dressed in special materials 3-4 cm thick. It can be ordinary hay or straw, all types of agrofibre, old clothes are perfect. Such drapery will not only prevent frost from getting to the vine, but also protect it from drying out. This technique is perfect for varieties combined groups. As soon as the sun begins to bake, it is necessary to free the vine from “clothes” in a timely manner in order to avoid the appearance of rot.

For grapes that have been growing and bearing fruit for several years, the method of complete shelter in the winter is perfect. Before starting preparatory work in order to wrap the grapes for the winter, it is necessary to carry out its competent pruning. The prepared vine is not just removed from the arch along which it was weaving, but is laid on the ground in even rows one next to the other. From above it is covered with a layer of earth, waste from seeds, dry grass or foliage. Then they put any fabric, old rugs, jackets. The top of the structure is a film. But it must be monitored and removed in time, as soon as the air temperature begins to rise, in order to avoid diaper rash.

If the grape variety is not very afraid of frost, then a complete shelter can be built from an ordinary sheet of slate or roofing felt. After removing them in the spring, it is worth carefully checking the condition of the vine to avoid frostbite.

Often poisons for rodents are also put under such “blankets” for grapes, so that they, having made their way to a warm place, do not feast on a young plant.

For grapes that have been growing and bearing fruit for several years, the method of complete shelter in winter is perfect.

Grapes are a treasure beneficial vitamins and minerals. It is enjoyed by both adults and children. Who doesn't love to feast on fragrant grapes, juice or rich wine? Especially when you do not need to pay money for them, but you can simply bring these products by looking into your own bins. But to enjoy the grapes all year round, it is necessary to make a little effort to care for the grapes and protect this wonderful vine from seasonal dangers.

How to cover a plant for the winter (video)

In the conditions of the Russian climate, preparing grapes for winter is a very important step, because you need not only to do everything correctly necessary procedures but also to choose the most suitable time for this. It is worth making a mistake with the timing, and you may encounter freezing or damping of the vineyard.

The ability of grape bushes to endure the cold season well depends largely on how carefully they were looked after throughout the season. Affected by diseases, weakened grapes with unripened wood are unlikely to survive frosts, so since spring you need to think about how to save grapes for the winter.

Throughout the season, regularly inspect the vines and fight fungal diseases in a timely manner by treating the vineyard with fungicides and cutting out damaged branches. After picking the berries, you can apply one and a half or even a double dose. chemical agent so that the plants concentrate their forces on ripening and go into the winter healthy.

Video about the rules for preparing grapes for winter

The longer the grapes lie under cover, and the warmer the temperature in the shelter, the more nutrients used by the plant to maintain important life processes. In addition, by spring, the roots and vines should have a sufficient supply of food for the development of young shoots in early spring. Your task: do not forget complex mineral fertilizers and organic, as well as carry out foliar feeding several times per season.

Healthy vines with a thickness of 6 to 13 mm ripen and winter best, especially if the core occupies no more than a third of the diameter of the vine. In such vines, enough nutrients have been accumulated for a successful wintering.

The resistance of grapes to frost largely depends on whether the wood has matured. The mature vine has Brown color, stays warm during frosts and makes a characteristic crack when folded without breaking. Scourges with unripened greenish wood should be removed during autumn pruning, as they will not only not overwinter, but also create a risk of injury. covered grapes fungi and mold.

Pictured grapes

How to achieve full ripening of grape wood:

• choose varieties that have time to ripen well in your area;
• monitor the health of grape bushes;
• thin out grapes and remove unnecessary branches;
• maintain an optimal load on the vines (the more clusters, the later the wood will ripen);
• feed the vineyard with potash fertilizers and ash - potassium is very important for the ripening of the vine;
• exclude nitrogen fertilizers from mid-summer, so that the forces of the plant do not go to the formation of unnecessary green mass;
• spend autumn chasing, cutting off the shoots above the 15th sheet.

It is necessary to carry out the chasing of shoots during the period of slowing down the growth of grapes. You can determine this period by the tops: if they are straightened, then the growth processes have begun to decline, and curved tops indicate active growth. Start chasing when the bushes have both curved and straight tops.

In the photo, chasing grapes

So, during the summer, you diligently looked after the vineyard, keeping the plants in a healthy state. With the onset of autumn, it's time to prepare the grape bushes for shelter for the winter. To do this, you have to prune the shoots, cut the roots and carry out moisture-charging watering.

Immediately after the grape harvest, do not rush to cut off the branches that bear fruit, give the plants the opportunity to replenish their nutrient reserves a little and get stronger. Too early pruning will significantly reduce the winter hardiness of the grapes, so experienced growers are advised to start pruning with the onset of the first frost (usually at the end of October).

The main purpose of autumn pruning is to free the plant from vines that have already produced fruit. Instead, a fruit arrow and a replacement knot are left on each sleeve. All diseased, damaged, old sleeves and unripe vines are also removed. You can read more about the rules and important subtleties on our website.

Photo of pruning grapes

The next step is to cut or destroy the dewy roots of grapes that grow near the surface of the earth, on the underground part of the grape trunk. Catharsis is necessary in order for the deep roots to become stronger and well rooted. The procedure is simple:

• around the stem, dig a groove up to 20 cm deep;
• cut all the roots flush with the main root;
• process slices blue vitriol;
• fill the groove with dry sand;
• spud the grape bush and water, as pruning the surface roots causes the plant to have a strong need for moisture.

Of particular importance for the successful wintering of grapes are moisture-charging irrigation. They are held in October or November, just before covering the bushes. However, the need for moisture-charging irrigation disappears if October turned out to be rainy.

In the photo one of the ways to shelter grapes

Immediately after pruning and rolling, without waiting for frost, you should start tying and bending down the vines. Calendar dates can vary greatly, because weather change every year. The main thing is that the grapes survive the first frosts open, then the vines will harden and be more resistant to cold.

Remove the grape shoots trimmed and processed with copper sulfate from the trellis and lay on the ground, carefully pinned with staples. Under the vines, it is desirable to lay dry plant material (spruce branches, leaves, trimmings of branches). On the vines, place wooden boards with sides so that there is a little bit left around the stems. free space. You can cover the shields with a tarpaulin, polyethylene, roofing felt or other waterproof material. And on top, additionally throw rags, or pour a small layer of earth.

Video about preparing grapes for winter

After all, it is necessary to take into account the mass important nuances, among which pruning and shelter mean a lot. It depends on how the shoots will feel in the spring and their yield.

Why grapes need to be protected in winter

Frost, piercing cold, sharp fluctuations in temperature are very dangerous for grapes. A plant without proper preparation for winter in some regions may die. The most dangerous cold season for bushes planted in open ground and not to school. Before harsh winters, seedlings should be properly hidden so that next year you can enjoy a rich harvest of berries and juicy, healthy leaves, from which you can cook delicious dolma.

It is important to remember that you need to cover:

• unstable berry varieties;
• hybrid forms;
• young seedlings;
• complex-resistant bushes.

Some varieties of grapes are frost tolerant. However, they also need to be properly prepared for the winter, taking into account some peculiarities of the climate in the regions.

Proper preparation of grapes for wintering: basic recommendations

Harvesting of vines winter period has several features and conditions. It needs to be done in the fall. The main thing to do is correct pruning plants. Bushes will need to be bent to ground level and thoroughly cover the grapes. Pruning is also acceptable in the spring months.

Note! Pruning seedlings in the fall is the most rational, as this time allows you to reduce the size of the plantation and helps to make it easier to bend down to the ground.

In spring, cut vines can sap, which in turn will cause a weakening of the crop and a decrease in yield levels.

Preparation of culture in the Urals

In the Urals, there are some subtleties of preparing grapes for harsh winters. In these regions, pruning with a fruit arrow and a replacement knot is not allowed, because climatic conditions have a lot of features. Already in March, there are sharp jumps in temperature, which leads to a halt in the development of the first buds.

Here you need to remove all stepchildren and shoots up to the part that is lignified. You can leave a maximum of 12 kidneys. In the first year, cutting the bushes is not recommended. However, 4 arms should be left, as the cultivation of this crop in this area can be unpredictable due to harsh conditions.

Preparing grapes for winter in the Urals

Autumn work with vines in the middle lane and in the suburbs

In the middle lane with sufficient mild winters, the vines are prepared for the cold a couple of weeks after the leaf fall. However, it is not recommended to wait for frosts. These regions need:

1. completely cut off young shoots;
2. remove all stepchildren;
3. leave stems up to 12 eyes, if they are fruit.

On a note! In other cases, the lower branches should be cut, leaving no more than 4 eyes.

In the middle regions, it is worth removing the plant from the supports and bending down to the ground. From above, a shelter is created from dry leaves, special material, slate, straw.

Growing and caring for grapes in the Moscow region involves the correct bending of the vines to the ground. It is very important that they are not in close contact with the ground. Planks of wood are usually laid out on the soil, which will avoid the formation of condensation, the appearance of mold, and the decay of seedlings.

Additionally, you can treat the plant with copper sulfate to protect it from harmful microorganisms.

Plentiful shelter is not required for some types of culture. These varieties include:

• northern early;
• Jubilee Novgorod;
• Moscow stable.

A small amount of spruce branches will be enough for them.

How to prune grapes for the winter

In order to keep the grapes well in winter, it is very important to prune them correctly in the fall. In the process, parts that have stopped fruiting are removed from the vines. All you need to leave is a replacement knot and a fruit arrow. It is equally important to remove:

• old sleeves;
• damaged parts;
• diseased vines;
• unripe areas.

The procedure should be divided into 2 approaches. The first time it needs to be done after harvesting to remove dried and weak branches.

Properly pruning grapes for the winter

The main stage can be started after the bush has shed all the leaves. It is very important to have time to complete the work before the first frosts, at an air temperature not lower than -3. All shoots above 1.5 meters are removed in the first days of September. Bushes that exceed the second wire of the support must be cut by 30 cm. The main thing is not to exceed the removal of shoots by more than 10%. All stepchildren must be cut off. The lower part of the plant should become the basis for the replacement knot. To do this, leave no more than 4 eyes. When forming a fruit arrow, 5-12 eyes should be left.

How to cover grapes for the winter

Before you cover the grapes before mild winters, the culture must be treated with iron or copper sulfate. In regions with warm winters the plant can not be covered. However, all varieties should be protected from death if the temperature is -21 ° C and below.

Before shelter, the vines bend down to the ground and pin to it. From above, they are dug in with moistened soil from the row-spacing.

Note! You can not use the soil from under the grapes, because the roots will freeze.

Most good way shelter vines - air-dry method. A plastic burlap should be thrown over the bunches of shoots or arcs of wire. You can use dark film. Then the plant is buried in the ground. Periodically, the shoots will need to be aired, dried and cooled, for which the shelter is simply opened for a short time.

Shelter of grapes for the winter

This method allows you to use:

• leaves;
• straw;
• sawdust.

However, a film is always laid on top, the edges of which are necessarily pressed.

On a note! In the south, the plant is buried in soil with a layer of 20-25 cm.

Video: how to prepare grapes for winter

Mistakes in preparing a plant for winter

Features of preparing grapes for wintering in Siberia

Foreword

For many gardeners, winter becomes a real test, since frost can destroy all plantings, there is nothing to say about the harvest. And that is why it is so important to know how to prepare plants for the cold.

Necessary tools and materials

What harm can frost do to grapes?

From extreme cold grape bushes can receive damage of varying severity. Naturally, this will lead to further problems with the development of plants and their yield.

• Frosts can lead to the death of annual growth and perennial branches, due to which active growth will be observed only in coppice shoots;
• Because of the cold, the above-ground part of the vineyard may die;
• If fruit buds suffer due to frost, there will be no flowering of grapes in the new season, which means that you will receive a harvest at least a year later;
• Severe cold can damage not only the entire aerial part, but also the root part, because of which the grapes will stop growing and producing crops.

By knowing how to store grapes in winter, these problems can be avoided. And the lack of shelter will lead to death and the young vine, and branches, and the root system. As a result, you can lose almost the entire crop. Preparing grapes for winter is what will help to avoid severe frostbite.

How to Prepare Grapes for Winter: Vine Care

From March to November, it is necessary to constantly inspect the grapes, quickly and effectively eliminating diseased shoots, cutting out damaged or frozen branches. It is also carried out with the help of fungicides. After harvest, you can use an increased dose chemicals for processing, which will help the grapes to ripen and winter in a healthy state.

Growers know that plants under cover provided warm temperatures, spend a lot of nutrients to support the processes in the "organism". And for the vines to have enough grapes nutrients for the winter and for the subsequent development of new shoots in the spring, the plant is fed with mineral and organic fertilizers. It should be remembered about foliar top dressing which is carried out several times during the summer.

Mandatory conditions for the care of the vineyard are:

• Timely thinning of the vine and removal of unnecessary branches;
• Supporting vine health by adding nutrients.

The second stage of preparation for winter - pruning and rolling

If you have been taking care of the grapes throughout the year, trying to keep the plants healthy, you can proceed to the next step -. However, before that, it is necessary to trim and cut (remove) part of the root system. Keep in mind that the branches are pruned some time after the grape harvest - the vine needs to get a little stronger, replenishing the supply of nutrients.

As growers say, early removal of shoots reduces the frost resistance of the plant - it is advisable to start these works when the first frosts come. Katharovka (removal of roots that grow near the ground) is carried out in order to strengthen the root system.

They work like this:

• First, we dig a ditch around the stems up to 25 cm deep;
• We cut the roots to the base and cover the slices with vitriol;
• We fill the trench with sand from above;
• We plant and water the bushes.

How to save grapes for the winter - choose a shelter

The most popular shelter methods are the dry version and covering the vines and shoots with earth. Sprinkling with soil is considered the most simple option, it is most suitable for young grapes. The cover goes like this:

• We dig a trench to a depth of 20 cm, put a sleeve in it, cover the bottom with straw or fallen leaves with a layer of about 5 cm;
• We remove the vine from the trellis and lay it in a trench, covering it with straw on top.

To carry out the dry shelter method, you will need plastic wrap and such dense material as mats, tarpaulin, agrofibre. To carry out shelter in this way, you do not need to dig a trench, since we will lay the branches on the mulch under the vine bushes, covering them with hay or straw on top with a layer of at least 30 cm. We put bags, a film on top of the material, fixing them with steel brackets.

Here is autumn. All the strength of the vine is given to an enviable harvest. Heavy bunches are collected and stored, and the bushes need to be prepared for a long winter rest. It is necessary that the grapes not only survive the cold season, but also retain flower buds for the next year's harvest.

It often happens that one grower's plantings survive the winter without loss, and in a neighboring area the grapes freeze or rot? This largely depends on the preparation of the vineyard for the cold.

Where to start?

Preparation of grape bushes for winter begins in early autumn. Help the grape survive cold period timely watering, top dressing, pruning, treatment for pests and diseases, and reliable shelter will help.

Watering

During the growth of greenery and the pouring of berries, the grape bush needs moisture. But even at this time, excess moisture is harmful. Excess moisture worsens the taste of berries and provokes an outbreak of diseases. And after harvesting, watering should be carried out in moderate volumes - the soil must be saturated with moisture without waterlogging.

It is important to remember that sandy soils are watered more often, but with less water, and clay soils are watered less often and more abundantly, taking into account air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and depth. ground water and timing sub-zero temperatures. Timely watering will fill the vineyard with moisture and increase its frost resistance.

fertilizers

By the time of harvest, the vine has lost almost all of its internal reserves. To restore her strength, preserve the flower buds laid on her and turn green in the spring, the timely introduction of nutrients will help.

The soil can be spilled with a solution of 20g water extract phosphoric and 10g potash fertilizers dissolved in 10 liters of water. Watering, the soil is soaked to a depth of 25 cm.

It is useful to add to the irrigation mixture and an aqueous solution of trace elements: boric acid, potassium permanganate, iodine, zinc sulfate and ammonium molybdate.

As long as there are leaves in the vineyard, it can be treated with leaf fertilizers. This top dressing will accelerate the ripening of the vine.

pruning

This procedure rejuvenates the bush, increases the quantity and quality of berries, and accelerates their ripening. By removing excess shoots, grapes are easier to cover for the winter, protecting them from frost. Pruning begins only after the leaves fall from the vine.. Early pruning will not allow you to store enough plastic substances in the sleeves for the coming winter. Pruning with the onset of frost makes the shoots brittle and they can break in the wrong place.

The optimal time for pruning is considered by many to be mid-September.

When pruning, they remove diseased and dried sleeves that need to be burned, destroying the infection. Then attached to the bush correct form, cutting off shoots that thicken the bush and impair lighting and ventilation.

At autumn pruning up to a third of spare buds and shoots are left on the grape bush, in case part of the sleeves freezes or is damaged by mice. Be sure to remove unripened vines - they will freeze in winter and serve as a source of infections in the spring.

Pest and disease treatment

After pruning, the vineyard is treated for pests and diseases. Autumn destruction of wintering forms of pathogens and pests will keep the bush healthy until spring.

Soda-saline solution can destroy the infection. For 10 liters of water you need 10 tbsp. tablespoons of salt and 5 tbsp. l baking soda. Components are dissolved in warm water and process the bush as a whole, including the leaves. Multiplicity of treatments - at least 3 in mid-September.

Downsize harmful insects and pathogens will help digging the soil around grape bush.

The processed vine is laid on the ground. In 10 l hot water(40-50 degrees) dissolve 100g of copper or 400g iron sulphate. The solution is sprayed on the vine laid on the ground. After the solution has dried, the bush can be covered for the winter. Calcium carbide will help to scare away rodents from the bush for the whole winter. It is used when welding work. Pieces of carbide in metal cans are left under cover. Carbide absorbs moisture from the air, the gas released during this will scare away mice and serve as a prevention of disease.

Winter frosts can destroy a vineyard. Bush insulation can protect the vine from low temperatures. Many materials can be used as insulation - from non-woven fabric to wooden shields or boxes. The type of insulation in each area is different. The type of grapes to be insulated and the method of growing it affect the creation of insulation. Modern varieties are able to withstand lower temperatures under light cover.

You can create shelters from various materials, it all depends on what is in abundance. In the northern regions, where coniferous spruce branches are in sufficient quantities, this is the best covering material. Air passes through it in sufficient quantities, rotting processes do not begin under it, pathogens are suppressed. Shelter made of spruce branches holds snow well, creating favorable conditions for wintering grapes.

Where vines grow in trenches convenient way insulation steel wooden shields. The vine is laid on the ground, treated for pests and diseases, carbide is laid from mice, covered with wooden shields. Between the boards there are gaps for air circulation. Fallen snow will prevent the shelter from freezing. The lack of snow can be compensated for with a non-woven material used to cover the seedlings in the spring.

Use polyethylene film not worth it for winter shelter. Under the film is created high humidity and there is no ventilation. Sudden changes in temperature cause condensation, provoking the occurrence of mold and fungal diseases.

The shelter of the bushes is started immediately after fertilization and pruning of the bushes - at the end of October - November.

How to prepare young bushes for winter

Grape bushes planted in the current year are not pruned. Only non-fallen leaves are removed from them. The bushes are watered, there is no need to apply fertilizers - they are applied during planting. Grapes of the second year of life are pruned, leaving 3-4 buds on one or two shoots. In the next two years, from 3 to 7 buds are left on the bush in autumn on mature shoots. Starting from the 4th year of life, fertilizers begin to be applied in the fall.

Preparing for winter grapes in middle lane

Prepare grape bushes for wintering in middle lane Start by removing dead leaves. Then the bushes are cut, leaving a fruit arrow and a replacement knot on each sleeve. Sick, damaged and unripened shoots are removed. You can determine an unripened shoot by sound - mature shoots make a crack when bent. Remove and fertile vines. It is useful to hold bushes in the fall. Surface or as they are also called dew roots are removed. The base of the bush is dug to a depth of about 15 cm and all exposed roots are removed. The recess is covered with dry sand.

In outskirts of Moscow

It is most reliable to shelter grapes near Moscow from frost if it is planted correctly. A landing hole measuring 60 * 60 cm with a depth of at least 15 will allow you to insulate the vine in accordance with all the rules. On a dry, sunny day, the sleeves are folded into a ring and laid on the bottom of the hole. The shoots are treated for possible diseases, leaving a sharp-smelling substance from mice - best of all, pieces of carbide. Top covered with wooden shields or pieces of roofing material. The resulting shelter in winter is useful to additionally cover with snow.

Fruit-bearing bushes are preserved in winter frosts with a more complex shelter. Cut grape sleeves are laid on dry boards, in extreme cases, on dry soil. Arcs from temporary greenhouses are installed above the bush. Coniferous spruce branches are laid on top of the arcs. You can use branches left over from pruning conifers growing on the site. Coniferous spruce branches for fixing branches and keeping warm can be covered with two layers of spunbond.

Instead of arcs, you can put together a box from improvised boards. It is installed on vines covered with conifers.

Shelter of grapes in the Urals

Growing grapes in the Urals, you need to prepare thoroughly for the shelter of plantings for the winter. Fruit buds preserved by spring will bring a decent harvest in the summer.

Shelter starts in early October. At this time, all leaves remaining on the vines are removed, and after the passage of the first night frosts, all fruit-bearing bushes are cut. It is necessary to remove old, diseased, dried shoots. We leave ripened fruit arrows and replacement knots. Young vines extending from the center of the bush are preserved. When pruning grapes in autumn, almost a third of the “spare” is left to replace possible winter losses. In the spring, unused eyes are removed.

An obligatory part of the preparation for the winter is skiing. In autumn, be sure to remove dew roots at a depth of up to 15 cm. The resulting hole is filled with dry sand. The bushes prepared in this way are watered. Under each bush, you need to pour about 10 buckets of water with the addition of potassium permanganate to a pale pink color. All this is done immediately after harvest. Top dressing in the form of a bucket of compost, two glasses of ash and 1 g of boric acid is applied to each square meter soil around the bush. Excessively acidic soil is lime.

Shortly before the onset of stable frosts, the grape sleeves are folded into a ring, bent to the ground and covered. As a shelter, materials are suitable that leave the possibility of free passage of air near the bush. Suitable coniferous spruce branches, wooden shields or sheets of non-metallic slate. Additional insulation will be a 20-centimeter layer of dry sawdust or husk sunflower seeds. One or two layers of spunbond will help protect them from blowing. A layer of snow on such a shelter never hurts.

As in other regions, they start preparing grapes for winter in Siberia immediately after harvest. At this time, up to 300 g of ash is added under each bush along with irrigation water. Potassium contained in the ashes accelerates the maturation of the vine. Natural leaf fall is another component of a good wintering. Dry ash applied to the soil destroys spores of fungal diseases.

With the onset of frost, the grape sleeves are removed from the supports. From small low temperatures the vine is covered with non-woven material.

October is the time of water-charging irrigation of the vineyard. Poured 50 - 80 liters of water per 1 m² of young vineyard area and 100-150 liters per 1 m² of fruit-bearing plantings will help to saturate the deep soil layers with moisture. Soil moisture will protect the grape roots from freezing.

Simultaneously with watering, the bush is pruned. Cut vines can be used for cuttings. Freed from unnecessary shoots, the bush is easier to cover for the winter. You just need to remember that you need to cut to a minimum. Before spring pruning you need to leave in reserve up to 1/3 of the kidneys in case of damage. Unripened shoots, fruiting sleeves and disease-damaged vines are subject to removal. The fruiting bush is cut off, forming a fruit link - top shoot leave for fruiting, the lower - for replacement.

In the conditions of Siberia best material fallen leaves are recognized to shelter the vine for the winter. The soil under the bush can be covered with boards or dry sawdust. Lay cut bushes on them. With the onset of stable sub-zero temperatures, the vine is covered with leaf litter up to 35 cm thick, they are thrown over nonwoven fabric. The next layer is coniferous spruce branches, cut shoots and branches of trees or tops of vegetables for snow retention. The insulation will be completed by a layer of snow at least 50 cm thick.

Another way to shelter grapes for the winter, used by winegrowers in Siberia:

1. The base of the grape bush is spudded with earth as high as possible. The earth must be taken away from the bush so as not to expose the roots.
2. The vines of the bush are collected in a bundle and tied with a rope.
3. The next layer is several layers of non-woven material.
4. Completes the insulation - roofing material.
5. The resulting "cocoon" is placed on wooden base- crates or pallets.

Grapes grown in trenches are laid on the bottom and covered with several layers of spunbond or agrospan. The trench is covered with wooden shields. Heaters are laid on them - foam plastic, corrugated cardboard or polypropylene bags. The final layer is waterproofing roofing material or polyethylene. You can prevent the appearance of dampening by creating side vents. They are closed when constant negative temperatures are established.

Rules for preparing grapes for wintering: video

Of course, the best remedy protection of vineyards from frost is snow. It serves as the final layer for any type of shelter in any region.