What minus temperature can tulips withstand in spring. Planting and caring for tulips. Preparing bulbs and choosing a place to plant them
In many countries, the tulip is considered a symbol of the coming spring. The tulip is unpretentious, even if left without any care, this flower will still please the eye with the onset of spring. Now let's talk about growing tulips. You need to start taking care of them back in March, as soon as the snow melted, it is necessary to remove the remnants of melt water, because stagnant water is very dangerous for the bulbs. Next, you should take care of feeding tulips, better than ammonium nitrate in this case no fertilizer to be found. What spring does without frosts, and this only adds to the worries, both for professionals and amateurs.
But tulips are not afraid of frost, because they are quite resistant to spring frosts. For example, wild species can withstand frost down to -15 degrees Celsius, if flower stalks freeze at night, then in a day they will raise their heads again. Birds are also of little danger, in search of food they can peck at a sprout and peck out a flower bud.
Very good spring time tulips affected by diseases are detected, it is worth paying attention if the flower grows poorly or changes the color of the leaves - it means that it is sick with one of the types of rot. Affected bulbs should be dug up and burned as soon as possible.
After planting the tulips, we wait for the buds to appear, after which we do the second top dressing. For this top dressing, it is recommended to use liquid fertilizer. An important role is played by watering plants during a period of intensive growth, good soil moisture increases both the flower in size and the period of its flowering. Sufficient watering also affects the quality of the tulip bulb, improving its germination for the next year.
If there is any suspicion of infection of the bulbs with fungi or bacterial diseases then they need to be treated with chemicals from these diseases, such chemicals will not bring harm. Let's talk about viral diseases of tulips.
Viral diseases in tulips are not at all treatable, so you need to carefully check the bulbs, tracking before planting initial signs diseases as well viral diseases, manifest themselves at the beginning of flowering. Do not be sorry, throw away all the plants if the flowers have changed the color of the petals characteristic of the variety, multi-colored strokes have appeared on the petals, or the plant has turned from a large one into a dwarf one.
Do not forget that viruses can spread not only through insects, the pollen of an affected plant, hitting a healthy one, will also infect it. It is advisable to sterilize scissors or a knife with an alcohol solution when cutting flowers.
See also:Who would have thought that tulips, the cultivation of which only five centuries ago was available only to the richest segments of the population, will now be found in almost every flower garden. These bright flowers have become real symbols of spring and the awakening of nature! But why does someone grow tulips so magnificent that it's hard to take your eyes off, while others don't look very presentable?
Preparing bulbs and choosing a place to plant them
Although the cultivation of tulips in open ground and is considered a simple matter, accessible to any novice gardener, in fact, you need to take into account many important little things so that the plants turn out to be even, beautiful, with large flowers. Sometimes even minor mistakes can lead to such undesirable consequences as slow growth of tulips, rotting of the stems or their curvature, the formation of small buds, drooping and rapid withering of flowers, etc.
The key to beautiful, healthy tulips is careful selection of planting material
Excellent results can be achieved if:
- a suitable place for planting tulips has been chosen, with good soil and illumination;
- bulbs were carefully sorted before planting, and unhealthy, damaged, small specimens were discarded;
- the planting of the bulbs took place at the most favorable time for this;
- when planting, the planting depth and the distance between the bulbs were observed;
- right after the snow melted and until the end of flowering, the tulips were properly cared for.
Video about growing tulips
Let us consider in more detail what the technology of growing tulips is, and what points you should definitely pay attention to.
The key to beautiful, healthy tulips is the careful selection of planting material. You can buy already prepared and properly processed bulbs or prepare them yourself by digging up tulips at the end of the growing season. When self-harvesting planting material, the bulbs are sorted and sent for storage in dark place at a temperature of +20 degrees until autumn.
When will it come auspicious time for planting tulips, the bulbs are sorted out again, carefully inspecting for damage, signs of disease and rot. After that, the selected bulbs are cleaned from the upper husk, disinfected with a solution of potassium permanganate and immediately planted in the ground.
When the time is right for planting tulips, the bulbs are sorted out again
Place for planting tulips should be determined from the summer. Moreover, it is necessary not only to take into account the illumination, the reaction of the soil and the occurrence ground water, but it's also good to think about where the tulips will look best. To make multi-colored buds become a real decoration of the garden and cause constant admiration from your guests and passers-by, it is worth exploring the options.
Better conditions for growing tulips: a flat, unshaded area (under the trees and in the shade of the house only the most hardy varieties feel good), the soil reaction is close to neutral, the soil is light and fertile.
Highlights of planting tulips
Most gardeners prefer to plant tulips in autumn time so that during the winter they naturally go through a period of cooling, during which sprouts of new flowers are born inside the bulbs. You can also plant bulbs in the spring, but be prepared for more late dates flowering tulips.
Around the second half of September, when the ground temperature has already dropped to +10 degrees, and frosts have not yet begun, you should start planting tulips. To do this, you can make grooves of a suitable depth in the garden or dig a separate hole under each bulb with a scoop. On large areas planting material laid out on a leveled surface and then evenly covered with earth.
Bury the bulbs into the ground so that the planting depth is equal to three times the height of the bulb - large ones deeper, small ones closer to the surface. If the children are planted too deep, much less is formed at the bulb.
The distance between the tulips can be arbitrary, depending on your design ideas, but it is still undesirable to place the bulbs closer than 10 cm from each other, otherwise they will then grow very closely, and digging out the bulbs in the summer will be difficult.
Bury the bulbs in the ground so that the planting depth is three times the height of the bulb.
The planted bulbs are sprinkled fertile soil and mulch plantings with peat or humus to protect plants from frost. Additional shelter landings for the winter is usually not required. You can learn more about the rest in the article on our website.
Tulip growing technology - what is important to consider?
In the spring, as the snow melts, mulch is raked from the flower bed and the earth is gently loosened. Further, it will be useful to apply a nitrogen-containing fertilizer for better growth and development of the green part of plants. In the future, during the entire growing season, do not forget to regularly loosen the soil and regularly water the bed. But remember that you can not fill the tulips too much - any stagnation of moisture threatens to rot the roots.
When your flowers show their first sprouts in the spring, see if all the bulbs have sprouted and do all the sprouts look healthy? If signs of disease are found on some stalks, they should be immediately dug up and destroyed. Unsprouted bulbs can also be dug up without pity.
You can not be afraid of spring morning frosts, since tulips, even with the appearance of buds, calmly endure a short-term drop in temperature to -4 degrees. And as soon as good weather comes, the plants continue their development.
When your flowers show their first sprouts in the spring, see if all the bulbs have sprouted and if all the sprouts look healthy
Tulips are very fond of fertilizing with fertilizers:
- a lot of benefit will bring the application of complex fertilizer during the unfolding of the second or third leaf of tulip sprouts;
- before flowering, be sure to feed the tulips with phosphorus and potassium so that the buds form beautiful and large;
- complex mineral fertilizer will be useful even during the blooming of flowers;
- do not use fertilizers containing chlorine for tulips;
- it is more convenient and safer to fertilize in the form of aqueous solutions during irrigation, before rain or immediately after it on wet ground.
Finished complex fertilizers they are good because they contain the most important trace elements for tulips in the optimal ratio: boron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, zinc, sulfur, copper, iron, magnesium (while there is no chlorine harmful to tulips). The lack of any of these trace elements can adversely affect the development and health of tulips.
So, with a lack of boron, molybdenum or zinc, tulips may develop chlorosis, the stems will be weak if there is not enough sulfur in the soil, the leaves of tulips become light green or turn white at all, and turn yellow from a lack of iron. Strong disadvantage magnesium leads to the fact that the edges and tips of the tulip leaves begin to bend and die, the bulbs of such plants will no longer be suitable for forcing.
Video about the cultivation, care and reproduction of tulips
When the plants are finished, you should continue for a while if you expect to collect good, large bulbs for growing the next generation of beautiful flowers. In this case, it is recommended to break out the blossoming buds along with the pedicels - all the forces of the plant will go to the formation of bulbs, and not to the development of the seed box. Just do not cut off the leaves, otherwise the yield of bulbs will decrease several times.
The stems of tulips are left in the flower bed until they turn completely yellow, until the bulbs ripen. And if you don’t like how a garden looks with withered “stubs” of tulips, think in advance which plants can close the unsightly picture. Another option is to grow tulips outdoors in special baskets or containers that can be dug out of the garden immediately after flowering has ended and moved to a more inconspicuous place to grow bulbs.
So, everything is in order!
I have never recommended and do not recommend buying tulips in advance (a month, for example), ordering from wholesalers without seeing the flowers themselves. That is, when you pay for flowers, and then pick them up before the holidays, getting your flowers guaranteed, while the rest of the retail players flower business may not receive flowers, as there is not enough type for them. All these are fairy tales! With all due respect to the wholesalers, but often such arguments are used by wholesalers so that you pay in advance for the delivery of flowers.
There is one significant BUT worth thinking about! You can get a frank G, and not normal fresh tulips (not all suppliers are “holy” and conscious). Especially if a driver brings flowers to you, who does not understand any flowers at all, but only takes the goods from the company. What will he be able to understand there, what kind of boxes and with what flowers they put him? We've been through these things before. And then there will be a huge problem to sell all this G. Why make life difficult for yourself?
It's simple: take flowers when you need them. I remember how we took flowers at the Riga market a couple of days before March 8, and there was absolutely everything and even more than necessary (than if we had made an advance payment for a batch of tulips a month in advance), everything was of the freshest quality! There is a wholesale flower company near Rizhsky - they also took literally back to back on March 8, and there was also almost everything, however, I had to choose a little, as there were frozen tulips (but who will give you a guarantee that you will not be folded “frosts” in advance) in boxes?), but in the end we got as many flowers (and only fresh ones, no “frosts”) as needed for trade.
The second point: look at what you take with your own eyes! Do not believe the employees of the company, who say that all the flowers are fresh. Look at everything, for this you have eyes!
Tulips may be stale or frozen. It makes sense to take such tulips only if tomorrow is already March 8, then you will sell them, otherwise, they will just start to turn black, you will not sell anything and just throw everything away!
You need to take only fresh tulips, not frozen.
If you take tulips not a couple of days before the trade, but for example, a week before, then you should take tulips in buds that are not yet fully colored. If you take tulips in large buds, there is a risk that the tulips will open strongly and begin to deteriorate (especially if you store them incorrectly), plus an open center may be visible during the sale. All this looks beautiful in the spring in a sunny garden, but in the cut, customers prefer closed tulip buds, rather than open burdock.
What to do if tulips are frozen?Sell them ASAP! For example, you trade somewhere on the street (we have a lot of people in Russia trying to earn extra money on March 8, although they have never traded flowers before), the temperature is on the verge of minus or a real minus, many people have flowers on the street. Naturally, by the evening there will be almost an end to tulips (especially if minus 3-5), it is immediately noticeable from them how the foliage begins to change to an ugly dark green, the bud petals begin to deteriorate at the edges and darken. So just try to sell faster! 90% of clients (men) simply do not understand anything about flowers, and even more so about tulips. Often they ask what these same tulips look like, because “the wife said to buy tulips on March 8”, and they buy them! In any case, everyone will be happy: both you, since they bought flowers from you, and the client, since he will give flowers to his wife (mother, girlfriend, girlfriend, etc.), but the fact that the flowers will not stand at home , so any frostbitten flowers will, in principle, not stand in warm home conditions. They are just flowers, don't expect anything more from them!
Now, in terms of storage, as you understand, it is impossible to keep tulips (flowers in general) in frost (at sub-zero temperatures) - they will quickly end! The room temperature must be above 0 degrees ( 2-3 degrees is the most optimal temperature).
If you want tulips not to grow until March 8 (for example, you bought flowers in a week), then you can not put them in water yet (nothing will happen to them), wrap them well with paper so that the light does not fall (especially on the buds), otherwise they will begin to stretch towards the light, then they will all curves. In general, put them in a box, close the lid, and smaller bright light in your cool room.
If you want your tulips quickly turned from small buds to large ones, that is, they began to grow, then you need to put them in water (you can even warm (not boiling water), but before you put it, cut the tulips with secateurs by 1 cm) and turn on the lighting. Only the light should be even (and not so that it is dark everywhere, but light comes from the window, tulips will begin to reach for the light and will be crooked).
For that, so that the tulips do not open when they already have the shape of burdocks (huge) and want to open, showing the middle, you need to use the old grandmother's method - rubber bands on the buds. Or you can use a pretty floral tie ribbon. There is no other option. That's why I wrote above that you just don't put them in the water, nothing will happen to them. We are selling them like this on March 8, without putting a single one into the water. But all with beautiful buds, not huge mugs.
If tulips are in your home(you just decided to trade on March 8 and that’s all), then do everything that I wrote above, the only thing you need to do then is to keep the windows open for several days (otherwise it gets very hot from the batteries in many apartments, tulips will quickly deteriorate, + 22-26 is very heat for tulips). If suddenly the stems of tulips become soft (from the heat from the batteries), then they must be placed in water, but do not remove the paper from the tulips, otherwise the buds will begin to grow rapidly.
I hope the article was useful to you.
Good luck with flowers on February 14 and March 8! Especially with tulips! :)
Many of you are engaged in flowers or are just planning to do so, so I decided that this article would be useful.
And I decided to periodically reveal the secrets of the flower business and share this knowledge on this site, summarizing all the questions that customers and visitors so often ask.
And some of the questions (especially now before February 14 and March 8) are related to tulips .
Howchoose the right tulips from suppliers?
Howbuy fresh tulips at flower wholesale?
Howcare for tulips before selling them?
Howstore tulips at home (an apartment where there is no cool room)?
In fact, the questions are really relevant, since many people are trying to earn several tens or hundreds of thousands of rubles on March 8 by trading in these flowers.
So, everything is in order!
I have never recommended and do not recommend buying tulips in advance (a month, for example), ordering from wholesalers without seeing the flowers themselves. That is, when you pay for flowers, and then pick them up before the holidays, getting your flowers guaranteed, while other players in the retail flower business may not receive flowers, as there is not enough type for them. All these are fairy tales! with all due respect to wholesalers, but often such arguments are used by wholesalers so that you pay in advance for flower deliveries.
There is one significant BUT that is worth thinking about! You can get a frank G, and not normal fresh tulips (not all suppliers are “holy” and conscious). Especially if a driver brings flowers to you, who does not understand any flowers at all, but only takes the goods from the company. What will he be able to understand there, what kind of boxes and with what flowers they put him? We've been through these things before. And then there will be a huge problem to sell all this G. Why make life difficult for yourself?
It's simple: take flowers when you need them. I remember how we took flowers at the Riga market a couple of days before March 8, and there was absolutely everything and even more than necessary (than if we had made an advance payment for a batch of tulips a month in advance), everything was of the freshest quality! There is a wholesale flower company near Rizhsky - they also took literally back to back on March 8, and there was also almost everything, however, I had to choose a little, as there were frozen tulips (but who will give you a guarantee that you will not be folded “frosts” in advance) in boxes?), but in the end we got as many flowers (and only fresh ones, no “frosts”) as needed for trade.
The second point: look at what you take with your own eyes! Do not believe the employees of the company, who say that all the flowers are fresh. Look at everything, for this you have eyes!
Tulips may be stale or frozen. It makes sense to take such tulips only if tomorrow is already March 8, then you will sell them, otherwise, they will just start to turn black, you will not sell anything and just throw everything away!
You need to take only fresh tulips, not frozen.
If you take tulips not a couple of days before the trade, but for example, a week, then you should take tulips in buds that are not yet fully colored. If you take tulips in large buds, there is a risk that the tulips will open strongly and begin to deteriorate (especially if you store them incorrectly), plus an open center may be visible during the sale. All this looks beautiful in the spring in a sunny garden, but in the cut, customers prefer closed tulip buds, rather than open burdock.
What to do if tulips are frozen?sell them ASAP! For example, you trade somewhere on the street (we have a lot of people in Russia trying to earn extra money on March 8, although they have never traded flowers before), the temperature is on the verge of minus or a real minus, many people have flowers on the street. Naturally, by the evening there will be almost an end to tulips (especially if minus 3-5), it is immediately noticeable from them how the foliage begins to change to an ugly dark green, the bud petals begin to deteriorate at the edges and darken. so just try to sell faster! 90% of clients (men) simply do not understand anything about flowers, and even more so about tulips. Often they ask what these same tulips look like, because “the wife said to buy tulips on March 8”, and they buy them! In any case, everyone will be happy: both you, since they bought flowers from you, and the client, since he will give flowers to his wife (mother, girlfriend, girlfriend, etc.), but the fact that the flowers will not stand at home , so any frostbitten flowers will, in principle, not stand in warm home conditions. They are just flowers, don't expect anything more from them!
Now, in terms of storage, as you understand, it is impossible to keep tulips (flowers in general) in frost (at sub-zero temperatures) - they will quickly end! The room temperature must be above 0 degrees ( 2-3 degrees is the most optimal temperature).
If you want tulips not to grow until March 8 (for example, you bought flowers in a week), then you can not put them in water yet (nothing will happen to them), wrap them well with paper so that the light does not fall (especially on the buds), otherwise they will begin to stretch towards the light, then they will all curves. In general, put them in a box, cover with a lid, and reduce the bright light in your cool room.
If you want your tulips quickly turned from small buds to large ones, that is, they began to grow, then you need to put them in water (you can even warm (not boiling water), but before you put it, cut the tulips with secateurs by 1 cm) and turn on the lighting. Only the light should be even (and not so that it is dark everywhere, but light comes from the window, tulips will begin to reach for the light and will be crooked).
For that, so that the tulips do not open when they already have the shape of burdocks (huge) and want to open, showing the middle, you need to use the old grandmother's method - rubber bands on the buds. Or you can use a pretty floral tie ribbon. There is no other option. because I wrote above that you just don’t put them in the water, nothing will happen to them. We are selling them like this on March 8, without putting a single one into the water. But all with beautiful buds, not huge mugs.
If tulips are in your home(you just decided to trade on March 8 and that’s all), then do everything that I wrote above, the only thing you need to do then is to keep the windows open for several days (otherwise it gets very hot from the batteries in many apartments, tulips will quickly deteriorate, + 22-26 is a very high temperature for tulips). If suddenly the stems of tulips become soft (from the heat from the batteries), then they must be placed in water, but do not remove the paper from the tulips, otherwise the buds will begin to grow rapidly.
I hope the article was useful to you.
Good luck with flowers on February 14 and March 8! Especially with tulips! :)
SO THE TULIPS DO NOT FREEZE OUTHaving read the articles by S. A. Losev “So that tulips do not freeze out” (No. 1), P. P. Tereshchenko “Nature tells” (No. 7), 3. M. Silina “Stolons at tulips" (No. 9), I want to connect the depth of planting not only with the biological characteristics of tulips, their damage by pests, the influence of sharp temperature fluctuations, the laboriousness of annual digging, but also with the appointment of plantings, local weather conditions in spring.
Indeed, deepening the bulbs by 20-25 cm is useful. The return of cold weather is often observed in middle lane USSR in April and finds the plants in the stage of the first leaves. With a deeper planting, the appearance of sprouts is delayed by 5-7 days; leaf development stops during frosts; and after that it continues. This is beneficial for varieties such as 'Apeldoorn', which has an earlier and more active vegetative cycle than other Darwin Hybrids. By the way, for the same reason, “lost” (deeply buried in the ground), bulbs that have not been dug up for several years, according to my observations in the Moscow region, begin to bloom 5-7 days later than plants planted at the usual depth (10-12 cm). But the overall flowering lasts longer, mainly due to the fact that the bulbs are at different depths.
If spring frosts (according to statistics) in a particular area occur after the snow has completely melted on the ridges, and then repeat and last no longer than a week, then it is not necessary to cover the plants in spring.
In the case of strong short-term spring frosts(minus 7--10°C), leading to lodging of the stems, it is not necessary to expect large replacement bulbs (compared to the original ones). Therefore, tulips, even with deep planting, must be additionally covered with a film. Then all the leaves will develop normally and the plants will give a good crop of bulbs.
For early cut varieties such as " Parade", "Apeldoorn", "Ivory Floradale", amateur flower growers plant bulbs at least 3 cm in diameter at the usual depth under a film cover.
For flower decoration plot and with a small number of tulips, it is more expedient to plant deeper and not dig them out for 2-3 years.
After very hard weather conditions winters of 1978/79 in the Moscow region (snow cover on the site did not exceed 15 cm, and frosts were below 41 ° C), all tulips in my collection (more than 150 varieties), planted at a depth of 10-12 cm, survived, although partially suffered. large bulbs "Parade", "Apeldoorn", "Ivory Floradale"withstood significant freezing of the soil and all bloomed; in the London variety, only 50% of the plants gave flower stalks. However, their flowers were larger and the stems were higher than in the previous year (planted bulbs of the same parsing). Severe winter frosts were not only not dangerous, but even useful for well-rooted plants.
Thus, questions about the depth of planting and the need for spring film shelter of tulips should be decided by flower growers, depending on the purpose of planting and the weather every spring.
Yu. P. Sidyakin, Moscow region, Podolsk
The editors asked the senior researcher of the Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Candidate of Biological Sciences Z. M. Silina to comment on the article by Yu. P. Sidyakin. Here's what she said.
According to my long-term observations carried out in the Leningrad region - on the Karelian Isthmus (Otradnoye station), in the Gatchinsky districts (the Taitsy state farm) and Luzhsky (Skreblovo state farm), as well as in the Moscow region (the Marfino state farm), tulips do not die in winter even at very severe frosts and, as a rule, do not need shelter from spring frosts. So, in the spring of 1966, at the end of March, after a long thaw and complete melting of snow at the Skreblovo state farm, a massive regrowth of tulips occurred, then frost hit (down to minus 19 ° C). The death of plants seemed inevitable, they stopped growing when the leaves had not yet had time to unfold. Low temperature lasted over a week. However, after the warming, vegetation resumed, and all the plants in the collection were undamaged.
The impact of negative temperatures is especially unfavorable after budding, primarily for early-flowering varieties and species, for example, T. Kaufman and his forms. The leaves of plants during frosts and snowfalls (April-early May) are strongly frozen and die, the yield of bulbs is much lower than usual. Late varieties are more cold-resistant, frosts during their mass flowering, which led to lodging and whitening of the stems, turned out to be harmless for plants and did not reduce the yield of bulbs.
I think that the alternation of frosts and thaws is especially harmful, it leads to a rupture of the roots, which do not renew in tulips. In this case, the affected specimens either do not grow at all in the spring, or form leaves and buds due to nutrients accumulated by the bulb, but then (more often by the time of flowering) they die.
Deep planting provides a more constant soil temperature in the area where the bulbs are located and protects the roots from tearing.
Film shelters in the spring are undoubtedly useful, especially for the development and formation of tender varieties. It is only necessary to ensure that the plants under the film do not overheat during the day, as stale moist air contributes to the development of gray rot and other fungal diseases.
I think that the tulips "London" from the author of the article did not bloom well, not because of their lower winter hardiness. In the area of the state farm "Skreblovo" in December 1978, the temperature dropped to minus 49 ° C, but, despite this, all specimens of this variety blossomed in the spring as well as other varieties.
// "Floriculture" - 1980 - No. 8
