Cherry blossoms well but does not bear fruit. Why the buds on the sweet cherry did not bloom: the main reasons. Weather conditions affecting fruiting
Igor
Why didn't the cherry buds open?
Growing many stone fruit trees on the site requires experience, skill and, of course, knowledge. Longevity and yield, like apricots or plums, this is an important set of components, the symbiosis of which will allow you to grow a healthy tree and get a bountiful harvest every year. But it also happens that the trees woke up, the owner is already preparing for the first spraying from pests and diseases, and the buds on the sweet cherry have not blossomed? Why? Consider possible problems so that the garden will please with powerful fruit trees and abundant harvests for many years!
Reason number 1: non-compliance with the rules of cultivation
If we consider the reason that the buds did not bloom on the sweet cherry, it is worth paying attention to 2 important (main!) Components. Now - in more detail about one of them, despite the fact that only a young tree is taken into account, which was planted last year and until this spring everything was in order with it.
The reason here may lie in the wrong cultivation practices, starting with the choice of a planting site, filling the planting hole, excess / lack of moisture, and even incorrect autumn pruning! It seems to many novice gardeners that there is nothing complicated in growing stone fruits: planted, watered, and forgotten. But it's not.
What should be done in this case? Analyze your own actions, note their correctness - and proceed to study the reason number 2 or note the mistakes - and try to correct them. So, a young cherry seedling will be healthy if:
- planted on the south/southwest side of the garden;
- near it there is no close occurrence ground water, which is detrimental to a young tree;
- a landing pit was laid - 60 * 60 * 60 cm - at least, with humus, nitroammophos and wood ash introduced;
- not deepened below the root neck;
- fed with organic matter at least 4 times per season;
- protected from pests/diseases;
- trimmed competently, forming a cupped / tiered crown.
Advice. Failure to follow simple growing rules can lead to the fact that in the spring of next year, young cherries will not bud. It is worth finding out if the cambium is alive, analyze the existing errors and reanimate the tree. Or plant a new one in compliance with all the rules.
Reason number 2: freezing of roots, crowns and stems
The most common reason that the buds did not appear on the sweet cherry is the freezing of the roots or trunk. This applies to both young plants and those that have been fruiting for several years. And the whole reason is not so much in significant frosts, but in sudden changes in temperature. It is no secret for our gardeners that the daily temperature fluctuation is possible in the range from 7 to 20C, and this is probable cause freezing of the tree.
It often happens that the kidneys swelled, lived for a couple of days and began to fade. They were just in the trunk and branches nutrients from last year, so they allowed to give life to the kidneys and hope to the gardener. But things will not go further if the tree is frozen.
How to make sure it's true reason in freezing? Just! It is necessary to make longitudinal / transverse cuts both on the branches and on the roots and look at the color of the bark and cambium:
- light brown color will tell you that the tree was slightly damaged by frost and it is easy to reanimate it;
- a dark brown color will indicate that the tree has frozen considerably.
In the first case, competent pruning or spraying branches with ice water before sunrise will be the salvation (an innovative method that gives excellent result) in order to get a good harvest not only next year, but also this year. In the second case, you can plant a wild bird to the tree or bring a new plant out of dormant buds on a bole.
In a word, only a thorough analysis of the reason why the buds did not bloom will help the cherry to come to life. Give the tree enough time - and it will delight you with good health and a good harvest!
Why the cherry does not bloom: video
Cherries have been cultivated since Ancient Greece, and in the Middle Ages in Germany there were whole cherry orchards. In Europe, this tree has been grown for 2000 years. Wild cherries grow in the Caucasus mountains. Greek colonists in the Crimea were also engaged in its cultivation. IN Kievan Rus they even wrote songs about cherries.
The sweet taste of cherries is loved even by birds. There is a legend that it was birds that brought it in ancient times.
Now in the world grow up to 4000 varieties of cherries. In many countries it is sold in stores all year round and it's always fresh. The French make wine out of it.
Sweet cherries are very healthy, contain sugar that is easily digestible, minerals and various vitamins, a small amount of vitamin C and nicotinic acid. This berry has a wonderful taste, it is widely used in cooking. Its fruits strengthen blood vessels and are considered an excellent cure for anemia.
The cherry tree usually bears fruit annually. Different harmful insects it is less attacked than a cherry. However, there are periods when the cherry does not bear fruit. One of the reasons for this is the lack of flowering. Why the cherry does not bloom, let's try to figure it out now. Let's find out the most common causes of this phenomenon, and why the tree does not produce a crop.
One of the possible reasons for the absence of flowering buds in sweet cherries is poor root system tree or seedling. The reason for the underdevelopment of the root system fruit tree there may be an incorrect landing technique.
If the tree is too young, this causes the cherry tree to not bloom. There is a certain variety of sweet cherry that flowers and bears fruit after planting only after three years, and many other varieties produce a crop only after five years. You should not worry, just when buying a seedling, be sure to find out the variety and ask how quickly the tree will yield.
Another reason that the cherry does not bloom is that the gardener has chosen the wrong place for planting. What needs to be done to fix the error:
- tree is planted on south side dachas;
- the area where the cherry grows should be protected from wind and drafts;
- it cannot be planted near other trees, they will create a shadow, and the cherry loves the sun;
- the tree must be rooted in light, air-saturated soil;
- it cannot be planted close to groundwater, this will rot the roots, and as a result, the tree will not produce a crop.
Another possible reason is that the landing was carried out incorrectly. If the gardener has no experience, then it is likely that he will plant the tree incorrectly. To get a good harvest when planting, you must follow the instructions:
- make a hole for a cherry seedling 60 cm deep and 80 cm wide. Add a little humus and fertilizer to it;
- the root neck should be at the level of the soil. It cannot be buried very deep;
- around the seedling it is necessary to make a shaft and water the soil well where the cherry will grow.
Much or little moisture is also one of the reasons that the tree does not bloom and does not bear fruit. IN summer period the tree is watered three times, the ground needs to be loosened a little, and in the autumn period it is necessary to irrigate.
The tree may still not be pollinated, which is also worth noting as a reason. Many varieties of sweet cherries need to be planted next to cherries, as they don't self-pollinate and need to be near other trees to do so. When there is no cherry near the cherry, it will not bloom and bear fruit.
Blooms profusely, but then does not bear fruit, then there may be several reasons. Here are diseases, and care errors, and even an incorrectly chosen landing site. In order to still get a cherry harvest in the future, you need to determine the source of the problem and understand what to do with the “barren flower” tree.
Lack or deficiency of pollination
In the list of reasons why cherries do not bear fruit, this is No. 1. Often this happens due to the fact that only one variety of crop grows on the site, and even that one is self-infertile, i.e. when pollinated by its own pollen, no more than 5-7% of fruits are tied on the tree. There are partially self-fertile, which independently pollinate up to 20% of the flowers. The best option- completely self-fertile species. In this case, the percentage of "successful" ovaries increases to 40-50%.
Attention! It is worth talking about the presence of problems with pollination if the situation with the absence of fruits repeats annually.
Cherry belongs to cross-pollinated plants, therefore it is desirable to have at least 2 varieties on the site, one of which will be a pollinator (Vladimirka, Lyubskaya, etc.). They should be located no further than 40 m from each other and bloom at the same time. It is worth attracting insects that carry pollen to your dacha. To do this, you can spray the flowers with a sweet solution. Options for its preparation:
Could be due to bad weather
- dissolve 10-20 g of sugar in 1 liter of water;
- or add instead granulated sugar 1 st. l. honey.
Another way to stimulate the formation of ovaries is to use the Bud or Ovary preparations.
Advice. Among the best varieties of self-pollinated cherries that do not need a pollinator are Chocolate, Persistent, Generous, Abundant.
bad weather
If the tree did not produce cherries only this or last year, and before that it bore fruit well, weather conditions may be the reason.
- At high humidity, in rain and cold, pollinating insects are less active.
- In the heat, the quality of the pollen itself deteriorates.
- During the frost period, flower buds die. To reduce the risk of trouble, it is impossible to water the cherry abundantly at the end of summer and early autumn, and also to feed it with nitrogen during this period.
If you need to delay cherry blossoms in early spring, you should pour snow into the trunk circle and cover it with mulch. When the tree is already in bloom, and the thermometer is getting lower and lower, you can water the garden very well in the evening. It will help protect the future harvest and the covering material thrown over the tree. To prepare cherries for temperature changes, before the start of frost, you can treat it with special preparations, for example, Epin-extra.
Often cause feeling unwell wood getting mistreated
Improper fit and care
In order for the cherry to regularly delight you with delicious berries, you need to initially make sure that she is comfortable in the garden:
- Check the acidity of the soil. The culture loves neutral sandy soil, in which groundwater lies to a depth of at least 1.5 m. Swampy and shady places with barren land are not suitable for planting.
Attention! If the tree does not fit the place you have chosen, it weakens. Among the signs are poor growth, lack of branching, abundant gum that oozes from the trunk, etc.
- Take seedlings that you are sure of. Cherry produces a lot of shoots, which are most often used for reproduction. However, if a tree was vaccinated, then in order to obtain the same variety on your site, you need to take a cutting from the crown.
- Do not bury during landing root collar. It should be level with the soil.
- Take good care of cherries: water abundantly (until the end of summer, no later); loosen the soil; mulch; fertilize starting 3-4 years after planting. Use not only organic, but also mineral supplements with potassium and phosphorus; cut and thin out the crown.
Attention! If you have limed the soil to reduce its acidity, during autumn digging add to it 0.5 tbsp. powder wood ash and rotted manure. The proportions are for 1 sq. m.
Sometimes ailments prevent the flowering of a tree: coccomycosis, monilial burn. To prevent them, constantly remove last year's foliage and monitor the condition of the tree. Competent care and attention is the key to stable cherry harvests.
What to do if the cherry does not bear fruit: video
Cherry blossom: photo
A lot of reasons why cherries do not bloom
Cherry trees are not only a decoration of the garden, but also a source of incomparably tasty and healthy treats. Sweet cherries can live and bear fruit up to 100 years. It is less affected by pests than cherries, has high yield with proper care.
If you violate the cultivation technology, you will not be able to enjoy the fruits of the plant. Often, novice gardeners wonder why the cherry does not bloom? The answer may lie in the peculiarities of tree care: violations of the rules of planting, pruning, watering.
Flowering is also affected by the presence of a pollinating tree near. For similar reasons, lovers horticultural work note that the plum does not bloom. What to do in such a situation and how to organize proper plant care? Read more about the problem and its solutions below.
Note to gardeners
By the time of flowering, a fruit tree is one of those that begin to smell not too early, but not too late. Data:
Usually this period coincides with the flowering of pears, plums. It is slightly earlier than that of cherries, apple trees, but proceeds later than those of peach and apricot.
Flowering begins when the air temperature during the day is steadfastly kept at 15-25 degrees (average daily temperatures are at least 10-12 degrees).
The calendar period of flowering depends on the area where the cherry grows and the weather conditions in the current winter. Usually the first flowers bloom from the first decade of April (in the south of the country) until the first days of May (in the northeastern territories). Buds bloom first on cherry-hybrid varieties.
Fruit tree flowers are collected in large umbrella-shaped inflorescences.
beautiful and bright bloom lasts approximately 21 days, which also depends on the temperature values. If the spring is cool, the period can be delayed up to 23-25 days. In some varieties, flowering lasts no more than 12-15 days.
Possible reasons for the lack of colors
It's not time
The reason why the tree does not bloom may be insufficient time that has elapsed since planting. Although sweet cherries are quite fast-growing (up to 3 years), some varieties do not give color and fruits for an even longer period (up to 5 years). Therefore, if you want to quickly enjoy the most delicious berries, it is better to buy varieties that are prone to early fruiting.
Wrong choice of place and method of landing
Choosing a place for a tree will be optimal if it:
- located on the south, southwest side of the garden;
- the site is well protected from cold drafts (it is best if this site is a gentle slope of a small hill);
- for artificial elevation of the place for the tree, an additional layer of soil was poured up to 40 cm high;
- illumination for cherries should also be sufficient (especially in spring, shading of the tree should not be allowed).
If these conditions are not met, the plant may not bloom for many years.
Flowering problems are not uncommon even when the soil type is unsuitable for the tree. Perfect option- fertile and well-aired soil, loose, medium loamy or sandy loamy. If you plant a plant in an area with heavy clay or peaty soil, top layer lands with an excess of sand, cherries are unlikely to bloom and bear fruit.
The close occurrence of groundwater can lead to stagnation of moisture in the area of \u200b\u200bthe roots of the cherry and their decay, therefore, the plant will wither and not bloom.
What can be the wrong way to land?
A common reason why an apricot, cherry or sweet cherry does not bloom is improper planting of a seedling. Usually, if you unearth such a tree, it will be noticeable that the root collar is very deep. Some don't experienced gardeners on the contrary, they leave the neck too high above the ground. In this case, there may be problems with the flowering and fruiting of the plant. When planting in early spring (before the buds swell), you need to follow the sequence of actions.
1. Purchase high-quality seedlings, prepare a deepening for planting. landing pit should have a depth of up to 50-60 cm and a width of up to 80 cm. Pour humus, fertilizer or ash into the pit.
2. In order for the plant to bloom and bear fruit in the future, it is unacceptable to deepen the root neck. It is located strictly at ground level. In order to accurately place the tree, it is better to raise the seedling 5 cm above the surface, as the soil will settle a little later.
3. Form a roller around the seedling, pour water over the cherry (10-15 liters), mulch the soil with peat or humus.
Excess or lack of moisture
Problems with watering or excessive soil moisture are another cause of the problem. During the summer, you need to water the plant 3 times (if the season is too dry), each time loosening the soil a little. Before the autumn drop in temperature (at the end of September), it is also better to water the cherries. If it was not possible to carry out the last watering of the year, it should be done in the spring. But we must remember that excess moisture in the soil also harms the cherry, and it may not give color. In heavy rains, it is better to mulch the soil with a special film.
Dependence on supplements
In order for the cherry to bloom early, it is necessary that it has an adequate supply of minerals in the ground. Usually fertilizing is carried out in the fall.
For this purpose, the soil is fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus substances, organic matter. Ideally, the amount of top dressing is calculated based on the type of soil. The depth of application is 20 cm. In a dry climate, fertilizers are diluted with water, in wet climates they are covered with dry ones.
It has a good effect on the ability to flowering and fruiting and the presence of "green fertilizers". For this purpose, legumes, honey plants (for example, mustard, peas, etc.) can be planted around. They are sown in summer and mowed in autumn.
Few people know that cherries can also “fatten” due to excess fertilizers, especially nitrogen ones. In this case, experienced gardeners recommend slightly damaging the bark on the tree trunk. You can remove the bark anywhere along the circumference of the trunk 2-5 cm wide. As a result of such actions, the accumulated excess nutrients will quickly be used up to restore the integrity of the tree.
Unsuccessful pruning
In order for the plant to bloom well, it is necessary to form a tiered or cupped crown with pruning.
Attention is also paid to the angle of departure of the branches: it should be approximately 50 degrees. Excessive growth of the lower shoots of the tree is undesirable, since this phenomenon greatly reduces winter hardiness.
Pruning is done in early spring. All annual shoots are made shorter by a fifth, but only before fruiting begins. After pruning, it is rarely carried out and in case of urgent need: branches that go inside the crown, sharp forks, weak branches, etc. are necessarily removed. When pruning diseased shoots, the sections must be cleaned well and treated with special means.
Pests and diseases
Significant damage to the plant can be caused by various diseases and insect pests. Cherry is less susceptible to disease than the same cherry, but it can still be affected by:
coccomycosis - browning of leaves and their early fall, as a result of which winter hardiness decreases;
moniliosis - rotting and drying of fruits and leaves, damage to entire branches, due to which the diseased cherry may not bloom next year;
larvae of various insects. destroying leaves and capable of causing a general weakening of the cherry and its freezing in winter.
To prevent serious consequences when diseases are detected, the tree is treated with special preparations and extraordinary feeding is carried out.
How did the tree survive the winter?
Cherry may not bloom if the frost resistance of the variety is low, and the winter was harsh and cold. In this case, the kidneys could die due to hypothermia. Cherries rarely bloom in a year when there were long thaws in winter, after which frost “hit” again: most often, the buds also die in such weather. The plant may also freeze in the spring at low temperatures. average daily temperatures. For the winter, it is better to dig the cherry well with earth, forming a high roller, and also water it with water (at least 40 liters). You can cover the tree if the air temperatures in winter are low or unstable.
no pollination
There is another banal reason why cherries may not give color. Most of the time, the tree blooms, but does not bear fruit. The fact is that there are so-called "self-fertile varieties" that are pollinated without "outside" help. Other varieties of cherries require the presence of trees on the site - cherries, other varieties of cherries for pollination. The periods of flowering plants must match.
Thus, you can always identify the reason why the cherry did not bloom, even if at first glance it is not found. Having eliminated it, it is possible to see a lush color in the next year or two and get an excellent cherry yield!
http://propochemu.ru
Cherry: features of planting and growing
Sweet cherry, or bird cherry, growing in wild nature Caucasus, Ukraine, southern regions of Russia today is widespread in culture. Always considered a plant of the southern flora, this representative of the Rosaceae is also conquering the more temperate Russian latitudes, which is facilitated by progressive breeding research to develop new varieties.
Cherries do not bear fruit. What could be the reason?
However, this culture remains very thermophilic and demanding in terms of accommodation and care.
View Features
Representing a majestic tree, reaching 10 m in height (and specimens up to 30 m are noted in the southern latitudes) and having a beautiful decorative crown with foliage different shades, sweet cherry is famous for its excellent fruits - a delicious spherical drupe, sometimes somewhat elongated, with delicate pulp. Bright fruits, the color of which varies from pale yellow to burgundy-black tones and depends solely on the variety, along with taste are valued for their medicinal properties.
Cherry blossoms in late March (in the south), April - May (in temperate zones), turning the site into a magical garden of wonders.
Umbrella inflorescences of white small flowers, blooming at the same time, are extremely decorative.
The subtleties of planting cherries
Features of culture as natives southern places, the requirements for choosing a site for landing are determined. It should be:
- sunny;
- maximally protected from northern winds;
- located on the south side of a slope or artificially created small hill.
Sweet cherry loves fertilized water and breathable light loams or sandstones. Moisture-loving culture is sensitive to seasonal approaches or permanent occurrence groundwater, it will not develop in such places. To obtain significant yields, several varieties are planted that will create the necessary for plants cross pollination, since sweet cherries are self-fertile crops.
Best time for planting cherries - early spring, but you have to prepare for this in the fall:
- dig a hole 0.8 wide and 0.6 meters deep;
- mix the excavated soil with 20 kilograms of humus and fill the pit, covering it for the winter;
- in the spring, add 0.35 kg of superphosphate and 1 kg of ash to the prepared soil.
Cherries should not be overfed. This will lead to the formation of numerous shoots, most of which will not have time to mature before completion. growing season and freeze in winter.
The acquired seedling is carefully examined, the roots are cut a little for intensive branching and planted without deepening the root collar. It should be on the same level with the soil layer. After planting, the plant is generously watered, the soil is mulched. Cherry is a sprawling culture, so trees are planted at intervals of at least 3-3.5 meters.
As a rule, two-year-old seedlings are purchased in nurseries. If their crown is too branched, you can cut the branches, focusing on the central stem. True, this should be done only if the landing is carried out in the spring during a quiet period, i.
e. sap flow and swelling of the kidneys are not yet observed. With later plantings, branches cannot be cut. We'll have to wait until next spring.
Cherry care
During the season, sweet cherries require several high-quality abundant waterings, each of which should be accompanied by loosening the soil and removing weeds in the trunk circle or updating the mulch. Pre-winter watering is especially useful for a tree, i.e. carried out just before the onset of cold weather. The application of fertilizers of the potassium-phosphorus group at the rate of 50 g will also help to painlessly overwinter cherries. superphosphate for 1 square meter spare the projection of the crown.
Early flowering and fruiting requires impressive food reserves, so organic and nitrogen fertilizers are applied in spring to replenish them. There are some rules for applying dressings:
- fertilizers in granules are scattered into trenches around the circumference of the trunk circle, closing them to a depth of 0.2 m;
- top dressing with dry fertilizers cannot be carried out in arid areas, otherwise the roots will not receive the necessary nutrition;
- dressings dissolved in water do not need to be applied directly under the trunk - in this area there are roots that are incapable of absorption. Nutrient solutions should be supplied over the entire area of the near-stem circle, focusing on its borders projected by the crown.
A good way to increase yields is to sow green manure plants (legumes and honey plants) in early August. Before the onset of cold weather, you can get high-quality green manure suitable for autumn incorporation into the soil of tree trunks.
Being a close relative of the cherry, the sweet cherry surpasses it in resistance various diseases, however, carry out preventive actions still have to. Protective treatment trees with Bordeaux liquid or "Fundazol", carried out in the spring and after harvest.
pruning
The rapid growth of sweet cherries necessitates its containment by pruning. Carry out this procedure, based on the necessary knowledge:
- pruning, both sanitary and forming, can be done in the spring before the culture awakens;
- fresh cuts are cleaned sharp knife and treated with garden pitch;
- during the growth of the tree, annual shoots are annually shortened by a quarter.
It is quite applicable to highly branched young cherries summer pruning, accelerating the formation of the crown and contributing to the increase in fruit formation, since flower buds are located in the middle part of the shoots and after processing their growth is activated.
Cherry crowns can be very diverse: in the form of a ball, a pyramid or a sprawling bush.
It is more convenient to create a crown according to a sparse-tiered or cupped principle. The gardener chooses the methods of formation. At the same time, the area of \u200b\u200bthe site, its features and the shape of the tree are taken into account.
The tiered crown is suitable for cherries with intensive branching. The lower tier consists of several branches, two of which grow at the same level, and the third grows 20 cm higher. The second tier is built according to the same principle and is 65-70 cm apart from the first. Two branches are formed at the same level with the third single a branch growing 30 cm higher. The angle of departure of the branches from the trunk is of particular importance, since when broken, fragile wood is deeply wounded and can become infected. As skeletal, it is better to leave strong branches with an angle of departure of 45-50 °.
With proper care, sweet cherries begin to bear fruit in the 5-6th year, delighting the gardener not only with excellent useful fruits, but with the magnificent decorativeness of beautifully formed trees.
Fruiting cherry depends on many factors. It could be like an impact environment, and violation of agricultural technology of culture. As a rule, cherries begin to bear fruit 4–5 years after planting. If after this period it has never bloomed, then the problem most likely lies in improper planting or care. For example, a cherry tree will not bear fruit if it grows in acidic soil. So before planting, it is necessary to check the acidity of the soil - it should be neutral or close to it.
Another unfavorable factor is the close location of groundwater, due to which the roots rot, and this leads to a weakening of the tree. Insufficient pruning or its absence leads to thickening of the crown and insufficient lighting, but it is worth removing the extra branches, and the cherry will again become a fruit-bearing tree. Maybe the seedling is grown from a stone - it is a "wild", then it just needs a vaccination. If the cherry has blossomed magnificently, but the ovaries have not formed, there is a serious reason for this.
Most varieties of cherries are characterized by cross-pollination. There is a small category of varieties that are self-fertile (able to pollinate themselves), but even in this case, only 40% of the crop will form ovaries. All other cherries require a pollinator - another variety planted nearby (within a radius of 15–20 m) and flowering at the same time, otherwise the cherry will fade and the fruits will not be tied.
To avoid this, you should correctly approach the choice of varieties and not be limited to one. When purchasing a seedling, be sure to ask: what type of pollination does it have? You can count on a regular harvest only if several plants are planted in the garden. different varieties that have the same flowering time. Any stone fruit can act as a pollinator, for example, felt cherry.
What if the cherry blossoms well, but does not bear fruit?
Also, cherry trees feel great in the neighborhood of cherries - from cross-pollination with it, cherries improve their taste.
Fungal diseases are another reason why cherries do not bear fruit. A disease such as coccomycosis affects not only fruits, but also leaves, as evidenced by a brown or reddish coating on the plates that appears in summer. During the year, the tree weakens, becomes sensitive to frost, and in the spring it does not bloom, and does not lay fruit buds.
Another dangerous fungal disease is monilial burn (moniliosis). This fungus is activated in the spring, affects the shoots and fruit buds, which is why the cherry does not bloom or does not set fruit. You can suppress the fungal flora by spraying trees Bordeaux mixture before the start of the movement of juices. Plant residues from a diseased tree must be collected and burned.
It is necessary to monitor the condition of the garden, every year to carry out preventive treatment crowns with insecticides ("Nitrafen", iron or copper sulfate) in early spring, and then during the summer season.
In order for a cherry to bear fruit regularly, it needs comfortable conditions. High humidity, dampness, excessively dry and hot weather can negatively affect the condition and fruiting of even the most healthy tree. It is no secret that in cold and rainy weather, the activity of pollinating insects decreases, and in hot conditions, pollen falls off the flowers, resulting in fewer ovaries.
Refundable spring frosts- the most a big problem gardeners, because they lead to the freezing of flower buds. Cherry becomes especially vulnerable if it is abundantly watered and fed with nitrogen in the fall. There are also many varieties with low winter hardiness - it is for this reason that felt cherry often does not bloom and does not bear fruit, because it thermophilic plant. There is only one way out - to plant winter-hardy varieties, and in dangerous periods to cover the trees.
Cherry is sensitive to the composition of the soil. If it is not fertile enough, good harvest may not be counted. But an overabundance of nutrients can lead to a decrease in fruiting. For example, after applying nitrogen fertilizers, flower buds open much later than expected, and from an excess of nitrogen, flowers and ovaries can completely crumble.
In order for fruiting to be regular, fertilizers should be applied correctly and in a timely manner. Young seedlings usually do not need top dressing - the exception is too depleted soil. Complex fertilizers containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus should be applied for 3-4 years. In autumn, only potassium and phosphorus are added. Before wintering, humus and ash can be added to the trunk circle.
Nothing lasts forever, including trees. If your cherry tree has been growing for more than 20 years and has recently begun to bear fruit poorly, the reason, most obviously, is in age, that is, in natural aging. cherry trees can live for about 30 years, but their yield decline is observed much earlier.
You can, of course, make a rejuvenating pruning, every year remove the shoots growing inward and leading to thickening, but this will only temporarily increase the yield, since the plant has exhausted its resource. But you should not be sad about this, because the garden will free up space for new, possibly more promising varieties.
In this video, you will learn why cherries may not bear fruit.
Materials: http://gryadki.com/vishnya/pochemu-ne-plodonosit-15017/
Difficulties in growing cherries
Yes, there are difficulties, but if desired, with appropriate knowledge and diligence, they can be successfully overcome. Well, for now ... everything is in order. Cherry is a southerner and is significantly inferior to apple and cherry in terms of winter hardiness, but it can be successfully grown in the southern and central garden zones of Belarus. This became possible when the famous Belarusian breeder E.P. Syubarova, her students and followers, on the basis of the Belarusian Research Institute of Fruit Growing, winter-hardy varieties were bred, which are not inferior in taste of their fruits to the best southern ones. These varieties include Krasavitsa, Muskatnaya, Narodnaya, Zolotaya Loshitskaya, Severnaya (the last two are distinguished by increased winter hardiness), and from the new ones - Zhurba, Syubarovskaya, Gronkovaya.
But the production of high-quality cherry seedlings is a problem. Nurseries of the republic grow them in limited quantities, and on the market you can buy a "pig in a poke" - up to a wild cherry seedling under the guise of a varietal.
It is most reliable to grow seedlings yourself.
And it's not very difficult.
First, seedlings (rootstocks) are obtained from seeds, which in a year or under optimal growing conditions in the current year are budded with cultivars. The best stock is wild cherry, you can use seedlings of antipka (Magaleb cherry) and most winter-hardy varieties and cherry shapes. To grow rootstocks from mature fruits, seeds (seeds) are harvested, thoroughly washed from the pulp, stored without drying in a humid environment until autumn sowing or stratified during the winter and sown in early spring. Under favorable conditions, well-developed seedlings suitable for grafting grow from the seeds in one season. If you managed to get thick seedlings, they are thinned out in spring or autumn after 10-15 cm.
Then they need to be vaccinated. Budding (grafting with an eye) is carried out from the second half of July, and sometimes almost the entire August.
The timing of budding is determined by the readiness for this rootstocks and cuttings. Rootstocks should be in a state of active sap flow, with a good lag of the bark, and cuttings should be fully mature, with well-developed growth buds.
You can graft in the spring during the period of sap flow. The cuttings with two or three buds are grafted in the ways of improved copulation, in a split, behind the bark, in a lateral cut, etc. The cuttings are harvested early winter before the onset severe frosts and stored in a humid environment in the basement, refrigerator, snow pile at a temperature close to 0°C. If on your site instead of a varietal seedling there is a seedling of wild cherries, do not despair. A tree of a "savage" or any variety that you do not like can be re-grafted within 1-2 seasons by any of the above methods, having previously severely cut off the skeletal branches. Mature trees can also be re-grafted, but preferably not older than 5 years.
You need a special place.
Sweet cherries are not only heat-loving, but also light-loving species; they make high demands on air and soil moisture. Therefore, when choosing a landing site, one should always reckon with its biological characteristics. Elevated, leveled places or southern and southwestern slopes, well protected from cold northern, northwestern and eastern winds, are most suitable for sweet cherry. At summer cottages and household plots a well-lit place, warmed by the sun, protected from cold winter winds by buildings, plantations of other tree species, a high fence, etc. is allotted for it. long time flooded with flood waters, where masses of cold air constantly accumulate. The growth of shoots and tissues is delayed, the wood does not mature, and plants can be severely damaged by frost in winter. Trees grow and bear fruit best of all on moist sandy loamy and light loamy well and deeply drained soddy-podzolic soils with a pH of 6-6.5 and a groundwater level no closer than 2-3 m from the soil surface.
How many varieties to plant?
For planting, as a rule, use annual seedlings with a branched root system. The best time is early spring, when the most favorable conditions are created for the survival of trees. A little late - their survival will worsen. At autumn planting, especially in late dates plants often die in winter.
Cherry cultivars are self-fertile or partially self-fertile. To ensure cross-pollination and good fruit set, 2-3 varieties should be planted on the site. You can plant one plant, and then plant other varieties of equal quality in the crown. Sweet cherries grafted on wild cherry rootstock are planted according to the 6 × 4 scheme, grafted on Magaleb cherry - 5 × 3 - 4 m. The planting technique is the same as for other fruit crops.
How to cut?
The cherry crown is formed according to a sparse-tiered system with a bole height of 50-70 cm. removed by transfer to the upper side branch. Crown formation with a minimum of pruning is completed by 6-8 years after planting.
In young mature trees, pruning is carried out in the spring, before the buds begin to swell, and it should also be minimal. Basically, it comes down to shortening strong annual growths to form lateral branches. In varieties that lay flower buds closer to the base of the shoots, shortening may be more severe than in varieties that form flower buds throughout the shoot. Medium and weak shoots bearing fruit do not shorten.
Why don't cherries bear fruit?
Usually, shortening is used in weakly branching varieties (Northern, Beauty). In well-branching varieties (Narodnaya, Muscat), light thinning is done if necessary.
During the period of full fruiting of trees are limited sanitary pruning: cut diseased, broken, rubbing and intertwining branches, do not allow trees to grow to a height of more than 3-4 m, form replacement branches in the crown, providing an annual good growth of shoots of 30-40 cm. When the length of shoot growth decreases to 15-20 cm , slightly rejuvenate skeletal and semi-skeletal branches, shortening them during pruning to the first strong lateral branch. Anti-aging pruning must be combined with the application of organic (4-6 kg/m2) and mineral (20-30 g/m2) fertilizers. As necessary, such pruning is repeated every 3-4 years.
What do cherries love?
Sweet cherries respond positively to fertilizers, but nitrogen-containing ones should be treated with caution. After all, increased doses of nitrogen in top dressing in the second half of summer can cause prolonged growth of shoots, non-ripening of wood and severe freezing of trees. The fertilization of trees begins at the moment they begin to bear fruit. Once every 2-3 years, 4-6 kg / m2 of manure or compost, 40-60 g of superphosphate and 20-30 g / m2 of potassium salt are applied. In the intervening years in the spring, 30-50 g/m2 of complex mineral fertilizers such as nitrophoska are applied under the first loosening of the soil, it can be limited to the introduction of 20-30 g/m2 of ammonium nitrate or urea in the bud break phase.
Sweet cherries are demanding on moisture during the growing season, especially in young age during the period of active growth of shoots (in June), filling and ripening of fruits. In dry weather, watering is effective after flowering (late May - early June), 3-4 weeks after flowering (in the second half of June), and, if necessary, in July. But remember: excess moisture in the air and soil in July can lead to cracking and rotting of the fruit. When watering, 40-50 liters of water are consumed per 1 m2 of the near-stem circle. The soil is moistened to the depth of the main mass of roots - 40-50 cm. Irrigation method - in ring grooves 10-15 cm deep, located at a distance of 40-50 cm from the stem and from each other.
She, too, is harmed by coccomicz.
Cherries, like cherries, are affected by such dangerous disease like coccomycosis. Young trees are more severely damaged than adults. Leaves are affected. With a strong development of the disease, which is facilitated by abundant summer rainfall, trees of susceptible varieties shed their leaves as early as August, and this is reflected in their winter hardiness. To combat the disease during the growing season, trees must be treated with a 1% Bordeaux mixture (100 g blue vitriol with the addition of 100 g of lime per 10 l of water) or 90% copper chloride (30-40 g per 10 l of water): the first time - after flowering; the second - after 20 days; the third - after the harvest; spraying trees 2 weeks before leaf fall with a solution of urea (400 g per 10 l of water) in years strong development diseases to weaken and destroy the wintering stage of the fungus; raking and destruction of fallen leaves - carriers of infection.
It is important for every gardener that all the trees in the garden bear tasty and sweet fruits. But sometimes you may be faced with the question of why the cherry does not bear fruit.
Then you have to deal with growing conditions or some features of pollination.
Features of pollination
Sweet cherries begin to bear fruit in the fifth year of growth, in full force it begins to bear fruit from the tenth year. For good growth, it is necessary to place pollinating plants next to the sweet cherry, because most varieties are self-fertile. For the greatest pollination, about three varieties of sweet cherries should be planted side by side, which begin to bear fruit in the same period.
It is allowed to plant cherries next to cherries, but it is important to remember that it will not pollinate it. Folk Syubarova is considered a self-fertile cherry variety, but even it requires the planting of pollinating plants to obtain excellent harvest.
Why is it not fruitful?
There are several conditions for the deterioration of fruiting:
- Due to severe frosts, the cherry does not bear fruit. If the weather worsens at night, the air temperature drops to minus 2 degrees, the flowers of the tree will begin to die. It is necessary to delay the flowering time as much as possible, keeping the snow cover right under the tree;
- Winter cold will also cause poor fruiting and freezing of the kidneys. It can also happen from abundant watering and nitrogen fertilization;
- Complete lack of nutrients and good soil. If the earth does not have good level acidity, then the cherry tree will not bear fruit. You also need to remember that groundwater should be deeper than one and a half meters. If the soil is peaty, you need to use lime and boron to good education ovaries, and for sand - clay or organic matter;
- The plant may be depressed or weak, which manifests itself in poor yields, the presence of bare branches if gum oozes. In this case, the cherry will bring flowers, but will not be able to bear fruit. This can happen due to very deep planting, close location of groundwater to the root system, or poor infertile soil. Good fruitfulness is excluded if the soil has high acidity, is a swamp or is in the shade;
- The presence of wounds or cuts on the trunk will also cause poor yields. It is important to carry out constant pruning and thinning of the crown, remove dry and broken branches. The tree-like form of the cherry is cut by cutting one third of the length, the bushy form must be cut to the first good branching;
- Bad seedlings when planting a plant will definitely bring poor yields. Cherry has a high amount of shoots that grow from the root system. This is the way of reproduction.
But, if shoots are borrowed from neighbors, the same variety of cherries will not necessarily turn out. This is due to the fact that the root system grows wild shoots, and not varietal.
There are many more reasons why a tree does not bear fruit. It can be insects, pests or diseases. We must not forget to carry out preventive measures to avoid problems with cherries.
Correct landing
Every gardener needs to know what to do if the sweet cherry has stopped bearing fruit. First you need to follow all the rules for planting this tree, this is the key to a long life of sweet cherries and its fruitfulness.
Advice. Warm climates allow cherries to be planted in the fall before frost sets in, in colder regions it is best to plant in the spring before the buds swell. It is best to choose a warm, sunny place where the cold north wind is excluded.
Groundwater should be avoided, the root system should be at least 2 meters away from them. It is best planted in fertile loamy soil, avoiding swamps.
Nearby, you need to place about three different varieties of cherries that will pollinate your tree.
Landing in the autumn period has its own characteristics. In a couple of weeks, you need to dig up the site. A hole is dug up to 80 cm deep, compost is placed in it, and a stake is placed in the middle of the hole, protruding 40 cm from the surface of the earth.
So that the tree does not cease to bear fruit, the seedlings must have a trace of grafting on their trunk, which means that the tree is varietal. It will have a large number of branches, which will allow you to form the crown as you need. Landing is carried out before the ground freezes. The roots are straightened along the mound in the pit, after which they are covered with earth and poured with a bucket of water. After the soil is a little tamped, you need to add the earth.
In the spring, the same landing is made. The plot is being prepared in the fall. After the snow has gone, the earth has dried out a little, special nutrients are added, and young seedlings are planted a week later. trunk circle will need to be mulched with peat.
How to care if the tree does not bear fruit
Top dressing is produced from the fourth year of a tree's life, for three years it will be enough for it to be planted in the soil during planting. Nitrogen fertilizers are used earlier, in the second year of life.
Advice. If necessary, you can make a cherry stock to the old tree. Such an operation should be carried out in the spring.
It is important not to forget about watering, loosening the earth, removing weeds and overgrowth. Loosening is carried out in the summer. The thickened crown must be discharged. Watering is carried out three times per season. Before watering, the soil is loosened, and after - mulching. Urea, potassium, phosphorus or chicken manure are perfect for fertilizer. The harvest is at the end of May or beginning of June.
Advice. Young trees need to be covered winter period burlap, avoiding artificial materials, from which comes the debate. Mature trees need to be mulched and the trunks whitewashed. They endure winter easily.
Follow these simple rules caring for the cherry tree, and it will not stop bearing fruit. Every summer there will be a large harvest of delicious and fragrant cherries on your table.
