Treat the garden in the fall. Processing the garden in the fall from diseases and pests: step by step instructions. Acidic soils - liming
Frost threatens apple trees in winter, as well as pests hiding under the bark and in its cracks.
Various infections, preserved from autumn, with the onset of warm days will be activated again, therefore, caring gardeners are carefully studying how to treat apple trees in the fall from diseases and pests.
Frosts, sudden changes in temperature become the culprits for the occurrence of various cracks in the bark, frost cracks. And this is already a gateway for infection and a dangerous deformation of the tree bark.
For protection, it is necessary to spend in the fall whole line action, including spraying, whitewashing trunks.
If you start spraying too early, you can do harm as soon as possible without achieving the desired effect, but will remain unprotected.
They begin processing apple trees in the fall, when 50% - 70% of the leaves fall off, the fruits are already harvested, and after the complete fall of the leaves, the solution becomes even stronger.
In October, it is good to whitewash tree trunks., and in November already spray with the necessary substances.
How to treat apple trees in the fall from pests: technology and various issues
Starting the processing of apple trees in the garden with chemicals, you need to take care of your safety:
- Protect respiratory organs with a mask or respirator;
- Eyes - special goggles;
- Wear rubberized gloves on your hands.
Spraying is carried out with a manual or automatic sprayer. Spray on wood from a distance of at least 75 cm.
Protect eyes, respiratory organs and hands from chemicals. IMPORTANT! After completion of the treatment, wash your hands thoroughly with laundry soap, rinse your mouth.
Can it be processed in autumn?
The fight against pests and diseases of fruit trees is carried out not only in spring, summer, but also after the end of the growing season.
Considering that after the harvest, the foliage has fallen - trees can be effectively treated with higher concentrations chemical substances , without fear of burning the kidneys, leaves. Autumn processing is necessary and effective.
At what temperature?
processing in autumn period must be done in dry, calm weather at positive temperatures.
But it is permissible to carry out autumn processing of apple trees after the first frosts.
How to keep trees from frost?
An effective method of protecting fruit trees from negative impact frost is the whitewashing of their trunk and skeletal branches slaked lime with addition blue vitriol, oily clay with water.
Copper sulphate here will work against insect pests, prevent the occurrence of diseases of apple trees.
When the cortex is damaged
Having found damage to the bark on the trunk, the damaged area needs to be cleaned.. Cleaning is done with a stiff brush, if necessary with a knife.
The damaged bark is removed the wound is disinfected with copper sulfate (1%), dried, garden pitch is applied. Then you can whitewash with ordinary tree paint.
How to spray an apple tree from pests in the fall from scab after harvesting?
Scab control must be carried out throughout the season. It is necessary to process all the trees in the garden at the same time. After harvesting the fruits and falling leaves, more concentrated solutions of preparations can be used.
In addition to modern ones, such as Oksihom, Bordeaux mixture, iron sulfate, colloidal sulfur solution are successfully used. .
IMPORTANT! Preparations, which include copper, can only be used at low temperatures.
From fruit rot, codling moth
Fruit rot (moniliosis) is a fungal disease.
In addition to the destruction of diseased branches, mummified fruits, a diseased apple tree is treated with fungicides throughout the entire growing season.
After harvesting in the fall, when the leaf begins to fall, treatment is carried out with cuproxate, copper sulphate, or other copper-containing substances to destroy the remaining infection.
Codling moth - a small gray butterfly, the caterpillars that hatch from the laid eggs harm the apple tree.
Fruit moth apple. In autumn, trunk circles are dug up, treated with a solution of urea (7%).
From lichen
Cleaning apple trees from lichens carried out in late autumn. Before autumn processing, the crop should already be harvested, the fallen leaves should be harvested and burned.
It is important to understand how to spray apple trees in the fall. Processing of skeletal branches, a tree trunk is carried out with a 5% solution of iron sulfate (50 g per 1 liter of water).
In a week, all lichens will fall off. Repeat after 2 weeks. They must be destroyed, and the ground under the tree must also be treated with iron sulphate.
After cleaning, whitewashing with slaked lime is carried out.
From rodents
Many people ask themselves: “How to process apple trees in the fall so that rodents do not harm?”. The answers are varied.
Trunks are wrapped in autumn protective materials: spruce branches, roofing material, iron mesh, fiberglass, plastic bottles, burlap.
The tree is protected from hares with a chain-link net installed around. But it is enough to scare them away with a black bag rustling in the wind tied to a tree.
Use other means: mulch, whitewash, strong-smelling additives.
ADVICE: to scare away hares: a composition of clay, fresh mullein (1: 1), diluted with water to a state of sour cream and creolin (50 g per 10 l of water). Stamps are coated with the composition.
Be sure to protect apple trees from hares. Mice they make digs, so the fence must be deepened into the ground (10-20 cm).
Dried inflorescences and branches of coriander, sawdust soaked in a solution of carbolic acid or creolin (5 g per 1 liter of water) are laid out under a tree to scare away.
From worms
The presence on the apple tree of fruits eaten by worms indicates that the caterpillars of the codling moth have been damaged by their caterpillars.
In autumn, it is necessary to harvest early.
The dead layer of bark is cleaned, in which the caterpillars hide. This must be done before frost, and the cleaning should be burned.
Then paint the bases of the skeletal branches and the trunk with special garden paint.
From the fungus
Clean damaged areas of the bark with a stiff brush, and cut off the shrunken branches with secateurs, remove. All cleaned, cut, fungus-infected material is burned.
Cleaned wood sites are treated with fungicides.
The fight against the occurrence of this disease (cytosporosis) is to protect against burns, protection from mechanical damage, whitewash with slaked lime.
Treatment is advisable at the onset of the disease. After the penetration of the fungus into the cambium, the whole tree gradually dies.
From aphids
Fertilized aphid eggs laid in autumn overwinter on basal shoots. In autumn, such shoots must be cut and destroyed.
Anthills need to be destroyed, given the ability of ants to spread aphid eggs.
Dig up the anthill with a stick before frost, pour water over it. Continue fighting in the spring.
In autumn, it is good to fumigate trees with sulfur checkers.
Trees are treated with insecticides, but their use is unsafe, since the natural enemies of aphids also die.
From ticks
The apple tree may be threatened spider mite.
Last year's foliage, other plant litter serve as a wintering place for the tick. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the garden of fallen leaves in the fall, cut off the shrunken old branches, and burn everything. .
From black cancer
Remove diseased branches, clean wounds on the bark(with the capture of healthy wood up to 2 cm).
After stripping, process the bark 1-3% solution of copper sulfate or 3-5% solution of ferrous sulfate or copper oxychloride.
On a dry surface apply garden putty. Hollows must be sealed. Rotten fruit destroyed.
As a preventive measure, skeletal branches and trunk are whitened in autumn.
Watch the video - the experience of professionals on how to clean the bark of an apple tree:
From silkworm and bark beetle
Damage to the leaves of the apple tree oak silkworm caterpillars. They hibernate in the bark, in cracks, in the creases of the bark.
The most difficult thing is to fight the bark beetle.
Difficult fight with bark beetle. Having found the openings of the passages of this insect in the bark, they pierce it with a wire to destroy the beetle, then an insecticide is injected with a syringe .
But if the damage to the tree is significant, it is destroyed in order to save the rest of the trees.
Apple cut processing
After pruning in autumn the place of the cut is covered with garden pitch. Otherwise, the tree will lose juices.
IMPORTANT! If the weather is rainy, this treatment must be repeated. After that, whitewashing can be done.
Processing frostbitten wood
On the bark of an apple tree affected by frost, one can find cracks, breaks.
They are cleaned and disinfected. The frostbitten part of the branch is also cut off, the cut is treated with a solution of iron sulfate (20 g / l of water). The affected areas are covered with warm garden pitch.
A bandage made of natural fabric can be applied to the wound, and a nutrient mixture of mullein and clay can be applied to it.
Types of drugs and substances
inkstone
| Against who | Treatment | Concentration | Processing period |
| Harmful insects(including wintering under the bark) | abundant spraying | 500g / 10l water | before bud break - 1st time; late autumn in November - 2nd time; |
| Lichens, mosses | abundant spraying | 500g / 10l water | autumn: 2 treatments; interval -2 weeks; |
| fungal diseases | abundant spraying | 30g / 10l water | 2-3 times; interval - 5-7 days; |
| Dupel | abundant spraying | 100g /10l | treatment of damaged tissues; |
Iron and copper sulfate. blue vitriol
Urea (urea)
Urea is used in autumn in rather high concentrations: 500-700g / 10l of water.
Therefore, its use is possible in late autumn, when the leaf fall is completed or coming to an end - the month of November (beginning or end).
Earlier use will cause burns on the tree, premature fall of foliage, as a result, a decrease in resistance to frost.
The whole tree, the soil under the tree, fallen leaves are treated with small drops.
Bordeaux liquid
Such processing is considered the final stage in the autumn processing of the garden.
Bordeaux mixture includes the following components:
- Copper sulfate -300 g,
- Lime - 400 g per 10 liters of water.
Separately, copper sulfate is bred in 5 liters of water, lime is also separately in 5 liters, then combined.
Vitriol should be poured into lime in a thin stream.
Fitosporin
drug, good protecting against bacterial and fungal diseases, is a phytosporin.
It's also good organic fertilizer(humic). It is used to eliminate pathogens in the soil and fallen leaves. various diseases.
For soil disinfection, leaves under the trees in autumn are watered with Fitosporin solution.
Karbofos
A drug Protects against a wide range of pests and apple mites. During the season, trees can be processed no more than 2 times.
Since karbofos affects only adults (through the digestive organ), but does not destroy pupae and egg laying, it is used in the fall a month before harvesting or after it.
Lime
They are treated with lime in the fall only after cleaning and disinfecting the trunk, when the leaves have fallen off. The day is chosen dry, cloudy.
Whitewashing is carried out only with slaked lime or by adding iron or copper sulfate to the solution.
- Dilute 2.0-2.5 kg of lime in a bucket of water;
- Vitriol-250-300g (copper or iron);
- 1 kg of clay;
- 250 ml acrylic paint or 100-150g of casein glue.
The height of the whitewash is at least 1.5-1.7 m.
Useful videos about whitewashing apple trees:
Watch the video on how to properly prepare lime whitewash:
Watch the video on how to properly whitewash in the fall:
Salt treatment
To protect apple trees from diseases and pests use table salt.
Take 1 kg of salt per 10 liters of water. Apple trees are sprayed with this solution after all foliage has fallen and to clean the trunk, tree branches from lichens and moss.
The composition of the special whitewash for tree trunks:
- Table salt -1 kg;
- Wood ash -2 kg;
- Grate laundry soap (two pieces);
- Pour everything hot water- 10 l, bring to a boil, cool.
Coat the trunks of apple trees.
The composition of the mixture from scab
Compound scab control mixtures:
- Copper sulfate - 400g;
- Lime - 300g per 20 liters of water.
Applies colloidal sulfur solution.
You can use the following drugs: Oksihom, Bordeaux mixture, carbamide (urea) .
Fungicides and chemicals for apple trees
The most commonly used fungicides and chemicals are:
Contact:
- copper chloride,
- Bordeaux liquid,
- Inkstone,
- Urea,
- Sulfur,
- Karbofos.
Systemic action:
- fast,
- strobe,
- Fundazol,
- Horus,
- Oksikhom,
- Slaked lime,
- Salt,
- Microbiological preparation Fitosporin,
- Biologicals: Gauksin, Bitoxibacillin.
Diseases and treatment of apple trees. What to spray to make the foliage fall faster?
The process of premature leaf fall, defoliation occurs under the influence of special chemicals.
Used to defoliate tree leaves "Sitrel" - silicon organic preparation that releases ethylene.
There are a number of other substances that can cause this process:
- Hulk,
- Etafon,
- copper chelate,
- Decitrel,
- magnesium chlorate,
- Copper vitriol.
Watch the video for important tips from professionals: what and how to spray fruit trees:
Autumn processing methods:
Soil and spraying
Autumn processing of trees begins at the end of September, and ends before permanent frosts:
- Sanitary pruning is carried out;
- The trunk is being processed;
- Fallen leaves are removed;
- Rotten fruits are removed.
The soil under the trees is dug up and fertilizers are planted:
Warming mulch. - Superphosphate,
- Wood ash.
Trees are sprayed:
- Carbamide (urea);
- Vitriol (iron or copper);
- Bordeaux liquid;
- Fungicides (Chorus, copper oxychloride and others).
How should you spray?
The solution prepared for spraying must be evenly applied to the entire tree: branches, trunk.
The distance of the spray tip should be 75-80 cm from the tree for uniform spraying.
Trunk circles are being processed. It is necessary to process the entire garden to prevent the spread of infection.
Dosage of urea for spraying
To process autumn garden carbamide (urea), rather high concentrations of this substance are needed: 500-700 g per 10 liters of water.
Foliage is processed (if it has not fallen yet), trunk, branches, as well as fallen leaves, trunk circles.
IMPORTANT! Urea does not pose a danger to garden plants, despite the use of highly concentrated solutions. It is necessary to treat all the plants in the garden with urea in order to prevent the infection from persisting somewhere.
Doses of ferrous sulfate when spraying from scab
For spraying apple trees with iron sulphate in the fight against scab apply a solution of 500 g of the substance per 10 liters of water, i.e. 5% solution.
Scab on an apple tree. The scheme of processing apple trees from spring to autumn
| Early spring
before swelling of the kidneys. |
spraying iron sulphate (5% solution)
|
|
Spring(late March-April)
|
|
|
|
Treatment
Aktara (50-60ml per 10ml of water) and Skorom (1.5g per 10l of water). |
|
| Summer(June) | From codling moth and spotting. | Aktofit (50-60 ml per 10 liters of water) or a composition of: Lepidocide, Gaupsin, Bitoxibacillin (repeat biotreatments after 10 days). |
Autumn
|
Treatment of trees and soil, fallen leaves with 3% Bordeaux liquid or 5-7% urea solution. |
Autumn whitewashing of apple trees
There are many recipes for whitewash composition. The simplest ones are whitewashing with aqueous solutions of slaked lime or chalk.
Whitewashing protects against many pests. IMPORTANT! For whitewashing young trees or seedlings, weak solutions of chalk or slaked lime should be used so as not to impede the access of air under the bark.
In more complex whitewash mixtures includes:
- cow dung,
- Laundry soap,
- PVA glue,
- Clay,
- Iron or copper sulphate,
- Add karbofos to protect against mice, hares.
Conclusion
It is quite obvious that it is possible to achieve a good yield of apple trees only by properly caring for the trees - whitewashing and pruning on time and correctly, protecting from pests, feeding with the necessary nutrients.
Behind the garden, it is necessary to produce systematically .
"How many times do you need to produce?" Answer: "Constantly."
In contact with
Tillage in the greenhouse should be carried out twice a year: in the spring, when the snow has already melted and the seedlings have not yet been planted, and in the fall, when the crop has already been harvested, the remains of the tops have been burned, and it is too early to plant winter crops.
soil diseases
Infection with bacteria and fungi. As plants grow, they can get sick. After harvesting, bacteria and fungi remain in the soil. Some of them die in the cold, but some can remain in the soil for many years and infect new plantings. A sign is the appearance in young plants of diseases that were in plants of the previous year (spots on the leaves, decay, etc.)
Exhaustion. As the selection of nutrients by plants, the land is depleted, loses fertility. This disease is characterized by a general stunting of seedlings without visible reasons(there are no pests, diseases, and the plant is still weak and stunted)
Structural disruption. The earth can become hard, heavy, form layers, crack, erode. This defect is very easy to diagnose. The soil looks rough, cracked, crusted and cracked, and hard lumps to the touch. Such soil is difficult to dig. It does not retain moisture after watering, it dries quickly.
weeds. Weeds can take root in the garden. A small number of weeds are always present, but sometimes there are a lot of weeds, they clog all the crops. Then we say that the earth is overgrown.
Soil disinfection
It is very important to treat the site from pathogenic bacteria and pests before planting seedlings. There are four groups of methods for this. 
The use of elevated temperatures in the spring from diseases and pests
This method is quite effective for the destruction of pathogens of various diseases and harmful insects. There are two ways to implement heat treatment, which are quite effective at stable positive air temperatures, that is, at the end of April or May. The first is to spill the prepared area with boiling water. The second method consists in densely covering the beds for 3-4 days in several layers. polyethylene film. In sunny weather, under such a shelter, provided that it is completely sealed, the temperature can rise to 70-80 ° C.
Articles about growing seedlings
Safe for health folk remedies in the spring from diseases and pests
Many adherents of organic farming practice the treatment of ridges from diseases and pests using solutions of various natural disinfectants. This can be an aqueous solution of coniferous concentrate, an infusion of tobacco dust, as well as other infusions and decoctions of plants with insecticidal properties (onion, garlic, wormwood, and others). Green manure plants (mustard, rapeseed, rye, oats and others) perfectly enrich the soil and fight diseases and pests, which can be sown on the site both before winter and in early spring before planting the main crop. Their seedlings are cut and sent to compost or buried in the soil during spring digging.
Articles about the unusual cultivation of seedlings
Biological method of disinfection in the spring from diseases and pests
At biological method disinfection is a method of destroying microorganisms in environment biological preparations, the content of microbes - antagonists. This method has a strictly specific purpose.
The biological method is used to destroy arthropods - carriers of pathogens infectious diseases. With this method, cultures of certain types of pathogenic bacteria and fungi, spores of bacilli, fungi and actinomycetes, viruses that can cause mass diseases among insects are added to food baits.
The use of bacterial preparations makes it possible to reduce pollution external environment chemicals. In addition, when using chemical disinfection methods, not all insect habitats are accessible to disinfectants. 
Chemical method of disinfection in the spring from diseases and pests
Before starting work, analyze what diseases or pests attacked your plants in the past year. Depending on this, you need to choose a chemical solution: specialized or broad-spectrum. So, for processing use:
- copper sulfate;
- formalin;
- creolin;
- bleach;
- carbation.
Depending on the disease, you can apply:
- Fungal diseases and pathogenic flora are afraid of the Fitop-Flora-S preparation.
- From spider mite saves Lightning.
- Bayleton will help get rid of gray rot
- Rot and pathogenic microorganisms will destroy Fitolavin-300
Read the instructions on the packaging before diluting the preparations!
It is necessary to care for plants not only in the warm season, but also in autumn: after harvesting, it's time to help them survive the winter.
At this time, the insects seek shelter for the winter months and often hide in trees and shrubs. This leads to the fact that in the spring after waking up, the trees are immediately attacked by voracious awakened insects, many of which also carry diseases.
To prevent such troubles, gardeners carry out regular prophylaxis twice a year - in the fall, before the onset of cold weather, and in the spring immediately after warming.
This allows you to save energy and time in the spring to prepare for the new warm season.
Who should be afraid
Depending on the territory and climate, diseases and pests may vary.
Viruses found on fruit trees and shrubs are especially dangerous:
- Penetrating into the fruit, they can spoil appearance harvest or render it unfit for consumption.
- Destroying the leaves, they force the trees to grow green again, leaving no strength for the formation of fruits. This leads to poor quality and low yield.
In Russia on fruit trees most often found:
- fungal diseases: scab, late blight;
- insects that prefer leaves: whites, bears, cocoonworms, wavelets;
- pests that feed on plant sap: different types aphids (for example, affecting only plums or roses), mites, psyllids, sucker;
- beetles that affect the reproductive organs: weevils, pipeworms;
- berry pests: California scale insect, raspberry beetles, stem nematodes, glass case, raspberry gall midge.
Note: despite the abundance of "enemies", they are basically destroyed by the same methods, and therefore there is no need to purchase a dozen chemicals at once - it is worth starting with one substance.
Autumn processing of the garden consists of several stages:
- harvest;
- pruning branches;
- trunk whitewashing;
- spraying branches;
- frost protection.
After passing all the points, the garden will be completely ready for wintering.
Harvesting and pruning
After harvesting, it is necessary to ensure that there are no fruits left on the ground in which rot can start, and all leaves should also be removed. Healthy leftovers can be put on humus.
To do this, you need to dig a hole in the corner of the garden and throw out all the organic parts there. In a few years, they will make excellent humus, which will be used to fertilize the garden.
Gardener's advice: if diseased fruits or damaged leaves were found, it is necessary to burn them away from healthy plants or bury them.
But pruning can only be done in the south, where the temperature does not drop too low, otherwise the bark around the cut may freeze and the branch will die. If the freezing of the garden does not threaten, you need to prune: remove all dry, crooked and infected branches, and then burn them.
Whitewash
Stem bleaching special formulations allows you to solve several problems at once:
- protects the stem from ultraviolet radiation in the absence of crown and shadow;
- destroys pests that may try to crawl into the roots;
- regulates heat: thanks to the whitewashing, the barrel does not overheat and does not get cold.
For whitewashing, you can use ready-made preparations, choosing the most optimal ones. They adhere well to the bark, do not wear off. Usually they include an antiseptic, which allows you to further disinfect the surface. The disadvantages of the finished product include their cost.
Consider: if the purchased whitewash is too liquid, you need to add a little PVA glue or garden adhesives to it, but in no case should you use wood glue: it will completely clog the bark and the tree will not be able to breathe.
Also, whitewashing can be done independently. finished product it will turn out less resistant, but it will be much cheaper.
For this you can use:
- lime solution: 10 liters of water, 3 kg of slaked lime, 300 grams of copper or iron sulfate;
- 2 parts of slaked lime and 1 part of clay with the addition of PVA glue for viscosity;
- a mixture in equal proportions of cowshed and clay.
Instead of copper sulphate, you can use Dichlorvos, BI-58, DNOC, as well as the fungicides Hom and Oxyhom. It is necessary to adhere to the proportions indicated on the package.
spraying
After the trunk and bases of the strongest branches are processed, it is necessary to spray the crown. To do this, use solutions and special sprayers or sprayers.
As a first fit:
- A solution of vitriol 1% or 2%: it helps in the fight against rot and various pests.
- 1% Bordeaux liquid: suitable for controlling powdery mildew, rot and scab on apple and pear trees. To prepare it, you will need to combine two mixtures: a solution of vitriol (a kilogram of substance per 50 liters of water) and mortar(in the same proportions).
- A solution of soap and soda ash: used for prevention powdery rose on gooseberry and currant bushes. To do this, in 10 liters of water dissolve 50 grams of soda and 40 grams laundry soap- it must be rubbed on a grater.
- Urea solution (or carbamide): used to prevent attacks by leafworms, aphids, suckers and flower beetles. Apply according to package instructions.
- Solution mineral fertilizers: 1.5 kg of ammonium sulfate, 0.5 kg of urea and 0.7 kg of saltpeter will be required for 10 liters of water.
It is important: spraying is necessary only in cool weather, otherwise a strong concentration can burn the tree.
Frost protection
Traditional way protection of trees from frost is their tying.
Suitable for this:
- spruce branches;
- raspberries;
- reeds;
- sunflower;
- roofing material: it is necessary to put a rag under it so that it does not touch the bark.
Having overlaid the trunk with material, it is tightly tied, trying not to crush the trunk of young plants. good option will wrap the tree over the branches metal mesh and fix it: this will help keep the shape, while not harming the plant. It is necessary to pour earth under the structure so that the mice do not get inside.
If mice or other rodents frequent the area, several traps or poison baits should be placed around the trees. This will keep the bark intact. Immediately after the onset of spring, everything is cleaned.
Preparing a garden for winter is not difficult, but it is necessary for anyone who would like to keep trees and shrubs healthy. Having processed them from pests and diseases in advance, in the spring you can not be afraid of unpleasant surprises.
To do everything right, it is recommended to watch training videos and photos in advance, as well as purchase everything you need. Processing should begin immediately after leaf fall and end before the onset of cold weather. If the autumn is late, the work can be delayed a little.
Watch the video in which the specialist talks in detail about the autumn processing of the garden from pests and diseases:
Most of the trees growing just by the roads in cities and small settlements, do not look very attractive. On their leaves and trunks you can often see the most different insects, also greens, branches and fruits usually do not look very healthy. The thing is that most often no one takes care of such trees: they do not receive either the necessary nutrients or protection from diseases and aggressive pests. A experienced gardeners know to devote time and attention to processing horticultural crops. In particular, we all know that spring processing in the garden of fruit trees from pests and diseases is very, very important. But when it's autumn, spring is far away. But during this time, too, something can be done. Let's talk a little more about how to process the garden in the fall from diseases.
Treatment of trees and shrubs in the garden in autumn time to protect against diseases consists mainly in spraying plants with fungicides. If you skip this stage in the care of the garden, pathogens may well spread to all cultures. And warm and humid spring weather will contribute to the active reproduction of aggressive particles.
How to treat the garden from diseases in the fall?
Urea
Until mid-October, carbamide is used to treat plants from diseases. It is a wonderful tool for the prevention of fungal diseases, scab and spotting. However, you should not use it later, it will only harm the trees and may even cause their death. Urea is great for spraying apple, pear and other crops.
To prepare the solution, prepare five hundred to six hundred grams of urea. Dilute it in ten liters of water. Spray both the tree and the soil around it. Also, it will not be superfluous to process nearby plants so that diseases do not pass from one culture to another.
inkstone
This tool is great for autumn processing garden plants. But you need to use it a little later than urea - towards the end of October-beginning of November. Iron vitriol well destroys lichen, scab, cytosporosis, black cancer, etc. It also effectively saturates plants nutrients and improves oxidative processes.
To prepare a spray solution, you need to prepare one kilogram of dry powder. Dilute it in one faith of water.
Bordeaux liquid
Such a solution perfectly helps to cope with a number of fungal diseases, including scab and putrefactive diseases. Bordeaux liquid can be purchased at a specialized store or you can cook it yourself. To do this, it is worth diluting two hundred grams of copper sulfate in ten liters cold water. Also, in parallel, it is worth mixing two hundred grams of slaked lime with ten liters of water. Combine both mixtures together and use for spraying.
blue vitriol
Such a tool can also be used for autumn processing of plants. It is most often used to combat scab, powdery mildew, spotting, putrefactive diseases, etc. Usually, copper sulfate is used to process plums, apple trees, and pears. But besides, such a remedy is well suited for the whole garden: for the prevention and elimination of moniliosis, curly hair, etc. Copper sulfate, unlike iron sulfate, does not nourish the culture with nutrients.
To prepare a spray solution, dilute one hundred grams of copper sulfate granules in ten liters of water.
How to handle trees?
The agent chosen for spraying must be homogeneous. Therefore, it must be thoroughly mixed with water and only then poured into the apparatus. Otherwise, one part of the plant may be treated with a very weak solution, and the second with too concentrated. And it can do a lot of damage to crops. Also, it will not be superfluous to shake the mixture for spraying from time to time.
Processing the garden from diseases in the fall is a responsible matter! But before her, do not forget to protect yourself: put on goggles, a respiratory mask, rubber gloves.
Preparations for processing should be applied during spraying as evenly as possible. They should cover branches, foliage (urea), and a tree pole. In order for your solution to dew, hold the tip of the sprayer at intervals of seventy to eighty centimeters from the plant.
In this case, be sure to pay attention to all sides of the branches, bends, and forks.
After finishing work, do not forget to wash all parts of the device. Also be sure to wash your face and wash your hands and rinse your mouth.
To maximize the effectiveness of spraying in the garden, treat the entire area. Also treat the near-stem circles of plants.
How else to process trees in the garden from diseases in the fall?
In order to really protect your garden from diseases, it is imperative to sanitize plants: cut off broken, diseased and frozen branches. At the same time, you must not forget to treat the cut with garden putty, it is better to purchase a special putty in a specialized store, such products contain insecticides. It is also necessary to clean the plants from old bark and lichens, and, of course, whitewash the tree trunks.
Fallen leaves and cut branches must be removed from the site. Then you should dig up the soil in the garden, including in the near-stem circles.
Even if only young and fully grown plants grow in your garden. healthy plants, you do not need to ignore the procedures for protecting them from diseases and pests in the autumn season. After all, prevention is best method treatment. Therefore, we will continue the topic of caring for the garden in the fall and will soon talk about how to treat the garden in the fall from pests.
In autumn, in addition to harvesting, summer residents have another important task - preparing the garden for winter. In order to enjoy the fruits again next year, it is important to properly treat the plants and the soil under them from diseases and pests.
Autumn processing of the garden includes spraying the crowns of bushes and trees with insecticides (Aktara, Inta-Vir) and fungicides, digging the soil, fertilizing and protecting plants from rodents. With the onset of cold weather, heat-loving crops are additionally covered with spunbond and mulched with sawdust, peat, dry leaves and other materials.
Pest Control
In early autumn, trapping belts are removed from the trees and burned along with caterpillars of the codling moth, weevils and other garden pests that have climbed there. With the onset of cold weather, insects for winter hibernation burrow into the soil of tree trunks and under the bark of plants, so the first step is to clean the stems from old bark, moss and lichens, cover the wounds with garden pitch and whiten the trees with a special solution with the addition of copper sulfate.
Shortly before the onset of frost, the boles of fruit trees must be protected from rodents. To do this, the trunk is tied with spruce spruce branches, a metal mesh cut plastic bottle or ruberoid.
How to spray bushes and trees in autumn
Among gardeners, the most popular processing of plants after harvest is 1% Bordeaux liquid. This tool helps to destroy dangerous fungi- scab pathogens, powdery mildew, rot and other diseases. With the help of a special cylinder under pressure or a spray bottle, all fruit trees are carefully sprayed, berry bushes(including strawberries), as well as perennial ornamental crops.
After leaf fall, but no later than the end of October, the crown of bushes and trees and the soil under them are sprayed with a solution of urea (urea). For its preparation, 500-700 g of the drug is diluted in 10 liters of water.
This is an excellent prevention of scab and spotting. But keep in mind: it is not recommended to use urea in late autumn, since this fertilizer saturates the plant with nitrogen and activates the growing process. And this is undesirable during the onset of frost, otherwise the plant may die.
An apple orchard can be additionally sprayed with 5% iron sulfate.
All spraying is carried out in dry and calm weather and do not forget about safety measures. During the processing of the garden, a person should wear a respiratory mask, rubber gloves, a protective coat and goggles to protect the eyes from chemicals.
Digging the soil in autumn
When preparing the soil for winter, the first step is to remove all the leaves from the site. They can live in garden pests and fungal spores (in particular, pathogens of clasterosporiasis and coccomycosis), so it is not recommended to leave any vegetation on the surface of the earth. After the end of leaf fall and thorough cleaning, proceed to autumn digging soil.
The earth is dug up with a sharp shovel to a depth of 15-20 cm between the rows and 10-15 cm along the projection of the crown of shrubs and trees. It is enough to loosen not too dense soil with a rake or Fokin flat cutter.
During this procedure, it is necessary to remove perennial weeds and pest larvae that have appeared on the soil surface. Then it is recommended to apply phosphate and potash fertilizers.
Under each adult apple and pear, 300 g of superphosphate and 200 g of potassium sulfate are added. Fertilizers are sealed together with organic matter or poured into trunk circle and sprinkled with water. For plums and cherries, preparations must be diluted in a proportion of 3 tbsp. superphosphate for 10 liters of water and 2 tbsp. potassium sulfate per 10 liters of water. Under each mature plant pour 4-5 buckets of the resulting solution. Thanks to these fertilizers, the winter hardiness of plants will increase.
Digging the soil in dry weather, because the damp soil will only compact, instead of becoming loose. And do not stick the shovel at an angle, it must be placed strictly vertically to the surface of the earth.
Now you know how to properly spray plants and deal with pests in the garden. But autumn processing may not be enough. So spring and summer preventive actions repeat.
