How to fertilize the land for cucumbers. How to feed cucumbers after planting in the ground. Nutrients for Cucumbers
Material prepared by: Nadezhda Zimina, gardener with 24 years of experience, process engineer
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is one of the most common plants. It can be found in vegetable gardens all over the world. It is unpretentious, and when grown it will not cause much trouble, but fertilizer cucumbers - a mandatory procedure, under any conditions. Timely applied top dressing significantly increases the yield and taste of this crop.
To create plants good conditions, it is necessary to properly prepare the soil. For greenhouse and soil cucumbers, the composition of the soil mixture is different, so a separate option is offered for each case.
Greenhouse soil
Cucumbers in greenhouses are most often grown in greenhouses - on high earthen piles, fenced with a structure made of wood and film, which allows you to open and close the garden. If tomatoes grow in your greenhouse, then next to it you can arrange ridges, best of all with her south side- the plants will receive enough light, and to a large extent will be protected from the wind. Another benefit from this neighborhood is that the cucumber greenhouse will immediately have a ready-made supporting wall- the wall of the greenhouse. In the northern regions and in the middle lane, the beds are heated, making biofuel from organic matter of animal and vegetable origin. For this purpose, a collar about 0.5 meters high is poured from stale manure or last year's compost, which is covered with a layer of earth.
It is formed from the following components:
- riding -1 part.
- Humus - 1 part.
- Soddy land (can be replaced with garden black soil, after pickling it with a solution of potassium permanganate) - 1 part.
Mineral fertilizers are added to this mixture. For 1 sq.m. take 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g (or 30 regular), and 10-15 g of potassium sulfate. It is necessary to prepare the soil a week before planting seeds or planting seedlings - it should have time to settle and slightly compact so that the plants do not fail when watering.
You can use fresh manure, but then the ground layer should be thicker. The same applies to plant residues - if there is no ready-made organic matter at hand, then fresh grass is laid in the base of the greenhouse, which must be poured abundantly with water and covered with earth. As the village grandmothers say, the greens will “burn”, that is, decompose with the release of heat, providing comfortable temperature for cucumbers.
Do not forget about the disinfection of the greenhouse, because many pathogens and microorganisms hibernate on its inner surface. To get rid of these uninvited guests, it is necessary to treat glass, film and structural elements with a bleach solution. It is diluted in a proportion of 300 g per 10 liters of water, and kept at room temperature for several hours.
open ground
Cucumbers love warmth, so it is advisable to plant them in lighted areas, protected from the wind. good place for them there will be a plot at the fence, or at any building, the shadow of which covers the garden only after 9-10 pm.
It is advisable to prepare the earth in the fall. After cleaning from weeds, it is dug up and fertilized. In September - October, "long-playing" mineral supplements, with a long decomposition period, as well as fresh manure - the best fertilizer for cucumbers, which will pereprete in the soil until spring.
Organic fertilizers do not always contain the required amount of minerals, except for nitrogen, of course. It is always in abundance in organic matter, because it is formed from plants that animals feed on. But phosphorus may not be enough. Therefore, when preparing the soil for growing cucumbers in open ground, in the fall, superphosphate is introduced, which decomposes for a long time in the soil-retaining complex. Phosphate fertilizers are used on cultivated land at the rate of 15-20 g per square meter, and on poor land - 25-30 g.In autumn, other mineral fertilizers must also be applied. For 1 sq.m. take 10-25 g of potassium salt, 15-25 g of ammonium sulfate and up to 25 g of ammonium nitrate. To simplify the feeding process, you can simply apply a ready-made complex fertilizer.
By the way, if the site has just begun to be developed, and before that the land “rested”, then fertilizers in the first year can not be applied at all - there is enough of everything in the soil, and the harvest will be good without top dressing.
Growing seedlings
In order to get finished products as quickly as possible, it is necessary to grow cucumber seedlings. If then it is possible to transplant it into a greenhouse, then you can start already in early April.
Seeds are pre-disinfected, slightly dried, and planted in ready-made soil.. You can do it yourself - take one part of high-moor peat, one part of humus and two parts garden soil. Mix all this, and pickle with a solution of potassium permanganate. After processing ready soil shed warm boiled water and dry slightly (so that it is not slurry). During the drying time, the earth will settle. Usually 24 hours is enough.
Seeds are planted in the prepared soil not germinated - so the seedlings are stronger. You have to wait 3-5 days for them. Several seeds are planted in a pot, and after germination, weak sprouts are pinched, leaving the strongest.
After the cucumbers have 2-3 leaves, they can be safely transplanted into closed ground. This is best done in inclement weather so that the plants take root better. With this method of cultivation, the first harvest (taking into account the fact that some varieties have a growing season of 45-55 days) can be obtained as early as late May, early June.
The second stream of seedlings is planted in May. In this case, the finished product can be received in early July. And these cucumbers (depending on the variety chosen) can bear fruit until the end of August.
To prolong fruiting, there is a tricky trick. A well-developed cucumber lash is added dropwise with earth closer to its end. After a couple of weeks, when the plant takes root, the rest, if it has already left the fruiting period, is cut off. The scourge will begin to develop and bear fruit again, and until the frost, there will be delicious and fresh cucumbers on the table.
Seedling transplant
Cucumbers do not like transplanting. Many gardeners grow seedlings in peat, (soluble) pots, through which the roots can easily continue to grow, or in eggshells, which are easy to crush, cleaning the root system.
Seedlings are transplanted on a warm, but not sunny day, in calm weather. The earth in pots is pre-moistened. If it is not peat pot, which is simply buried, then the plant must be laid on its side, and gently tapping on the walls, release the earthen lump covering the roots.
After that, it is immersed in a pre-spilled hole, into which a teaspoon is poured in parallel to stimulate growth. By the way, this agrochemical is used for many plants, due to its composition, it is positioned as universal fertilizer for cucumbers and tomatoes.
When to carry out the first dressing of cucumbers and how?
If cucumbers, both indoors and outdoors, grow well and strongly, then there is no need to rush with the first feeding. Her can be delayed until flowering. But, if the plants are weak, then they need to be fed.
There are many ways to feed cucumbers before they enter the mature growth period. They can be fed with complex, nitrogen-containing mineral fertilizers (ammofoska or azofoska), individual fats, organics (, bird droppings). The basic rule for the first additional fertilizer of cucumbers is that top dressing should have enough nitrogen in its composition.
Second top dressing
This top dressing is carried out during the fruiting of cucumbers. Plants that form a large mass of fruits actively consume all the necessary substances from the soil. During this period, it will be appropriate to apply phosphate fertilizers, as well as with a sulfur component.
The second top dressing is carried out in order to “take out” all the nutrients from the available soil, cucumbers do not rest on their laurels and do not interrupt fruiting.
Feeding is carried out in several stages. The first - after the appearance of fruits. Plants are watered with a solution of nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water). The second time is a week later. Root top dressing is carried out by dissolving 0.5 l and 1 tsp in 10 liters of water. potassium sulfate.
The following top dressing of cucumbers is carried out at intervals of a week. Main principle- the balance of the composition. Therefore, growth stimulants, ready-made gum fertilizers, and herbal infusions will be appropriate here.
Some interesting facts about growing cucumbers
- If the leaves of plants acquire purple hue(especially with hypothermia) - cucumbers lack phosphorus. To save the plants, it is necessary to carry out their foliar top dressing with an extract from superphosphate.
- When planting seedlings, do not bury the cotyledon leaves into the soil. Under the influence of moisture, they will begin to rot, and this process can affect the entire whip.
- A tasty crop can be grown using a universal fertilizer for cucumbers and tomatoes - potassium nitrate. Potassium has the most positive effect on taste finished products, due to its ability to process glucose into sugar, and retain it in plant cells.
- Yeast can be used to fertilize cucumbers. They include a large number useful substances which are in an easily digestible form. In order to prepare top dressing from cucumbers, we take 10 g of dry yeast and 10 l warm water. We insist for two hours, and again dilute the resulting suspension in 50 liters of water. We water the beds with the resulting composition.
The effect of various nutrients on cucumbers
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is the most important element for the normal development of plants. The others are also very important, but this one is essential. Without it, the existence of all plant flora is impossible, therefore nitrogen fertilizers put in first. Characteristic features its lack serves to inhibit the growth of cucumbers. But such a phenomenon can only be observed on very poor soils, such as sandstone or loam, which has been used for planting for many years.
But a less striking sign of a lack of nitrogen is the yellowing of the leaf. By the way, it is also characteristic of a lack of potassium. But the difference lies in the fact that when there is not enough nitrogen, the yellowness spreads along the leaf veins, and when there is a lack of potassium, along the edges of the leaf. Another sign is that the leaves turn pale before the appearance of yellow stripes, becoming light green. Fruits with nitrogen deficiency become short, pale and thickened.
To prevent nitrogen starvation when growing cucumbers, you need to take care of the composition of the soil in advance. Together with nitrogen fertilizers, it is desirable to apply molybdenum and iron, which contribute to the change in nitrate nitrogen (NO3), and its transition to the ammonia form (NH4), which does not accumulate in fruits in the form of nitrates harmful to humans.
Nitrogen is found in many organic and mineral fertilizers. In manure, horse and cow, in, in compost and in peat. When organic matter is introduced into the soil, the yield of cucumbers increases markedly. Also, organic fertilizers are used to make "hot beds", which not only nourish the earth with nitrogen, but also warm the plantings.
The use of compost and manure (or humus) is almost the same. In the southern regions, they are brought in during digging (at least 1 bucket per square meter), where the soil warms up well even without biofuel.
Chicken manure is well suited for fertilizing cucumbers - it should always be taken 10 times less than cow dung. It is best to use it in a fermented form - a warm solution of litter is placed in a room with room temperature and wait a few days. The color of the resulting solution should be like that of weakly brewed tea. Pour the earth with this liquid after digging, slightly mixing upper layer rake.
Potassium
Potassium deficiency is a serious diagnosis for cucumbers. With a lack of this element, the yield is significantly reduced, and the finished product loses its presentation - cucumbers take the form of jugs, with a thin long base, and a small barrel-shaped bottom. This happens due to the fact that in the process of fetal formation, potassium does not reach all tissues, and the fetus “shrinks”. This is bad, the cucumber becomes tough and not tasty, and also loses its juiciness.
Signs of potassium deficiency are yellowing and browning of the leaves. It starts from the edges of the sheet, and goes to its leg. After the leaf has died, the neighboring ones turn yellow. If the roots of the plant were able to extract at least a small amount of potassium from the soil, then it goes, first of all, to the fruits, and not to the leaves.
The use of this agrochemical helps plants fight against various diseases and pests (strengthens your own immunity). It also increases the yield and taste of finished products. This fat is completely soluble in water, and is used as a solution for root dressing, as well as for drip irrigation and irrigation hydroponic systems. When working with it, you must use personal protective equipment.
For quick resuscitation of cucumbers that are deficient in potassium, foliar feeding can be carried out. But be careful, if the permissible concentration is exceeded, you can burn the leaves of the plant. The recommended doses for feeding cucumbers on a leaf are 10 g per 1 liter of water.
The very first feeding of cucumbers with potassium is carried out in the spring. Consumption-12-20 g / sq.m. The fertilizer is spread in an even layer over the surface of the earth during digging. In order to get to the roots of plants, it needs moisture, and during the time that the bed settles, potassium will dissolve in the soil complex, thanks to the water retained in it from melting snow.
Calcium
If there is not enough calcium, the local immunity of the plant decreases.. This substance is necessary for the proper formation of cell walls and membranes. The lack of calcium negatively affects the crop, the already established ovaries die off, and the flowers dry without blooming. The fruits of plants lose their taste and presentation.
When growing cucumbers, you can correct the lack of this element. To do this, the leaves of the plant are sprayed with a solution of calcium fertilizer, preferably before flowering.
And, in order not to have to quickly save your landings from the lack of this element, you can take a number of preventive measures. For example, add calcium to the soil before planting cucumbers. Many summer residents recommend making crushed for this purpose. It will be useful, but mainly for loosening the soil. Calcium from its composition directly poorly passes to the roots of plants. The shell is best used as an infusion, which is also suitable for foliar feeding.
The most rational way to draw calcium out of the shell is to put it in compost. Laid in the summer of one season, by the spring of another, it will give up most of the Ca to the substrate, and the resulting fertilizer will become an excellent top dressing for cucumbers. To keep more calcium in the eggshell, try to lay the shell away from raw eggs. When boiling, about 70% of the calcium remains in the water. By the way, this property is used to make extracts from eggshell, which produce leaf top dressing.
Honey top dressing - we attract bees
Very often, when growing cucumbers, gardeners face the problem of insufficient pollination of plants. To attract insects, you can conduct honey top dressing of cucumbers. We dissolve a couple of spoons of this wonderful delicacy in 3 liters of warm water, wait for it to cool down, and use a herbal broom or sprayer to carry out foliar feeding. After this manipulation, the situation with fruit set should improve.
Another way to help pollinate cucumbers is mechanical. During flowering, it is necessary to shake male flowers over female flowers several times a day (there is no ovary on male flowers). But this method is used only with a small amount of landings.
What to do with cucumber leaves?
So the season has ended, the harvest has been harvested, and it's time to clean the beds after the ground cucumbers. They now have a lot of prickly lashes, partly already dried up. Just throwing them away is irrational, it is better to put them into action, to prepare fertilizers from them. There are two ways of processing tops. First - burn, and get a potassium-rich fertilizer, . The tops should be burned after good drying, in a stone bag along with wood chips. The resulting ash, after cooling, must be poured into a plastic bag, tightly sealed, and placed in a dry place for storage until spring.
The second way to sell cucumber tops is to process it in compost. A large amount of biomass that is removed from the beds contains elements such as nitrogen and potassium. With the closed composting method (the pile is covered with a film), they will not evaporate, and having interacted with other nutrients, they form an excellent fertilizer by next spring, which can be used, among other things, for fertilizing cucumbers.
Video: educational film on growing cucumbers
cucumbers grow well on fertile soil. On soddy-podzolic soils, they should be planted in the second year after abundant application of organic fertilizers to the soil. For a short period of vegetation, the culture needs to form a powerful leaf apparatus and a large number of fruits.
Planting cucumbers on fresh manure is not recommended due to strong vegetation at the expense of fruiting. Although fresh manure in the amount of 5-10 kg per 1 m 2 can be applied under the predecessor or in the fall when digging the soil. Carbon dioxide, which is released during the decomposition of fresh manure, significantly improves physical properties soil.
Main organic fertilizer half-rotted manure can be considered as cucumbers, which is brought in for spring digging of the soil, in rows when sowing seeds or in holes when planting seedlings. For these purposes, you can also use spent greenhouse soil, compost mixture, humus soil or well-decomposed peat.
Of the entire norm of fertilizers laid down for cucumbers, two-thirds should be applied for digging, and the rest - together with pre-sowing loosening of the soil, in rows when sowing or in holes when planting seedlings, as well as in top dressing. In all cases, a complete mineral fertilizer is added to the organic fertilizer: 90 g of nitrophoska or 50 g of nitroammofoska.
Complete mineral fertilizer can be replaced with a mixture simple fertilizers, taking 20 g of urea per 1 m 2, double superphosphate or ammophos, 20 g of potassium sulfate or 30 g of potassium magnesia. On acidic soils liming should be carried out (preferably for the previous crop) by adding 300-500 g of dolomite flour per 1 m 2 of the plot.
You can make the following set of fertilizers for the crop: 3 kg of humus and peat, 2 kg sawdust for loosening the soil, 30-40 g of superphosphate and 10-15 g of potassium salt per 1 m 2 of the plot. Fertilizers must be evenly distributed over the site and embedded in the soil to a depth of 20 cm by digging.
If, when sowing, granular superphosphate (5 g per 1 m 2) is introduced into the rows, an early crop of cucumbers can be obtained faster. Powdered superphosphate must first be mixed with humus. Potash fertilizers during spring tillage can be replaced with wood ash at the rate of 150-200 g per 1 m 2.
Cucumbers in central Russia are usually grown through seedlings, which are fed twice with mullein (1:8) or chicken manure (1:10). First time feeding liquid solution carried out 2 weeks after germination.
The second top dressing is given 2 days before planting seedlings, adding 15 g of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate and 20 g of superphosphate to 10 liters of mullein or bird droppings. The consumption of the solution is 1 cup for 2 plants.
After planting cucumbers in a permanent place in the ground, fertilizing should be carried out every 10-15 days, combining them with watering. Before flowering, cucumbers mainly need nitrogen to promote stem growth and leaf formation. For nitrogen supplementation, 1 liter of mullein or 10 g of urea is dissolved in 10 liters of water.
At the beginning of flowering, when applying liquid top dressing based on mullein, microfertilizers are added to the solution (1 tablet per 1 liter of solution). You can also prepare an aqueous solution consisting of 10 liters of water, 0.5 g boric acid, 0.4 g of manganese sulfate and 0.1 g of zinc sulfate.
During the period of mass flowering in cucumbers, the need for phosphorus and potassium increases, and on sandy soils they often lack magnesium. Therefore, from the moment the buds are formed and throughout the entire flowering period, it is necessary to strengthen the feeding of plants, using a complete fertilizer. To do this, 40 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia are added to 10 liters of mullein solution. The consumption of the solution is 200-250 ml per plant.
For top dressing, you can use the following complex fertilizers: 25 g of nitroammophoska, "Stimul-1" or 30 g of garden fertilizer mixture with trace elements, but without chlorine, per 10 l of mullein solution. The consumption of the solution is 1 liter for 4-5 plants. If there is no possibility to prepare a fertilizer solution based on mullein, the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased by 1.5 times.
During the period of active fruiting and during its attenuation, cucumbers need nitrogen- potash fertilizers. good effect gives top dressing with a soluble complex fertilizer (20 g per 1 m2), especially useful on light soils, where plants may lack magnesium.
If cloudy weather is established for a long time during the growing season of cucumbers, foliar top dressing with urea (20 g per 10 l of water) should be carried out.
To lengthen the fruiting period, fertilizing with phosphorus will be required. Superphosphate can be applied before watering or rain, but is best with irrigation water. With a sufficient supply of phosphorus, it is useful for cucumbers to feed with potassium nitrate, which does not contain chlorine that is bad for cucumbers. In the absence of complex fertilizer, you can apply a mixture of simple fertilizers, diluting 10 g of urea and 10 g of potassium sulfate or 20 g of potassium magnesia in 10 liters of water and spending the resulting amount of fertilizer per 1 m 2 of soil.
All irrigation of cucumbers can be combined with the introduction of wood ash - a supplier of potassium and calcium (from 40 to 100 g of ash per 10 liters of water). Top dressing with ashes can also be carried out after rain.
A beneficial effect on cucumbers is provided by feeding with weekly aged nettle infusion. The infusion should be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 7 and water the plants every other day.
To obtain good harvest cucumbers, it is necessary to choose the right site for their cultivation, prepare the soil and follow the rules of a competent crop rotation. The culture is quite demanding on soil and air moisture, as well as in light and elevated temperature, so cucumber beds should be planted in places protected from penetrating winds, without shading.
Areas with low relief - lowlands - should be avoided, since cold air flows into them.
Soil Requirements
The best soils for are considered loamy and sandy. The highest crop yields are obtained on high-quality fertilized fertile plots with neutral or slightly increased acidity.
Cucumbers are very responsive to the introduction of organic matter. cucumber plantings require regular and sufficient frequent watering. Uncultivated plants are considered uncultivated, acidic, poorly heated and heavy soils with a shallow topsoil.
The best predecessors of cucumbers
Fertilizing cucumbers
The amount of nutrients (in a form readily available to the plant) in the ground should be sufficient, since root system cucumbers is located in the upper layers of the soil and is characterized by a relatively high rate of their consumption.
For a short growing season, cucumbers create not only a powerful leaf apparatus, but also many fruits. That's why a sufficient amount of organic matter is required, which, decomposing, supplies the roots with additional portions of carbon dioxide.
Organic fertilizers for cucumbers
fresh manure on cucumber beds are usually applied in autumn. Transforming into humus, it structures the soil, loosening heavy clay soils and binding sandy soils. If the soil in the garden is heavy clay or loamy, slowly warming up, then it is advisable to plant fresh manure in it 30-50 days before sowing the seeds (immediately after the snow melts) - this leads to rapid heating. On well-fertilized soils with organic matter, the efficiency of mineral fertilizers also increases several times.
Peat application only makes sense on heavy wet soils, as it improves the structure and its physical properties.
Mineral fertilizers for cucumbers
Used in the cultivation of cucumbers mineral fertilizers and, which can act as a complete replacement for potassium compounds. Ash close up at the rate of about 200 grams per square meter. meter. Mineral fertilizers must be added during spring digging of the earth: ammonium nitrate - 15 g / sq. m, superphosphate - 40 g / sq. m, potassium salt (in the absence of ash) - 25 g / sq. m.
If you are using complex fertilizers, then when adding them, you should be guided by the instructions and dosages indicated on the package. Most of the minerals are added immediately before sowing or when sowing seedlings and seeds in the holes, and the rest - in the form of liquid root dressings.
Soil liming
If the soil has hyperacidity, then it should lime (deoxidize) using dolomite flour, ground limestone, tuff. This stage of work is carried out in the fall when digging.
Simultaneous introduction of fresh manure and lime is not allowed - this leads to chemical reaction resulting in the loss of valuable nitrogen.
During the autumn liming of the soil, which is carried out every 4-5 years, rotted manure is brought in in the spring. Plant waste ash is not only a natural potassium-phosphorus fertilizer, but also a means of reducing soil acidity.
Spring processing of beds for cucumbers
dug up since autumn plots for cucumbers, fertilized with organic matter, loosen in the spring. If the manure was not introduced in the fall, then the humus is scattered in early spring, and the earth is dug up to a depth into the bayonet of a shovel.
From the moment the snow melts to the sowing of cucumbers, it is necessary to monitor the looseness of the soil and immediately remove the breaking weeds. Mineral fertilizers are applied around May 20-25, they dig up the soil, level the topsoil with a rake and start planting.
Kirill Sysoev
Calloused hands do not know boredom!
To obtain a rich harvest, competent care for cucumbers in the ground is necessary. In addition to observing the rules for planting, watering, one should take into account the needs of the plant for certain minerals, microelements, which can only be obtained from fertilizers. There are several options for feeding seedlings, improving soil quality.
Why do I need top dressing of cucumbers in the open field
in good fertile land the plant will bear fruit without additional help, but when the soil is of poor quality without various mineral elements, you will get a poor harvest. Fruiting also decreases when planting the same crop several times in a row in the same soil. Top dressing will help solve these problems, has positive points, For example:
- Feeding seedlings show more fast growth compared to other plants.
- You will be able to harvest fruits longer (often fruiting is extended for a long time).
- With proper tillage, you can increase productivity, positively affect the taste of cucumbers.
- With the optimal selection of top dressing, plants in the soil receive additional protection against diseases. This important condition when planting cucumbers in the soil, because they are poorly protected from natural factors, pests.
How to fertilize cucumbers
It is important to consider that plants may have a lack of organic elements or their excess. Both conditions have a bad effect on this crop, so you should choose the right fertilizer for cucumbers and whether they need it. The main rule on how to feed cucumbers is to do this often, but little by little. You can carry out the procedure under the root or foliar method. There are several stages of feeding plants in the ground after planting:
- It is carried out immediately after the appearance of 2 leaves on the tops. During this period, there is a lack of nitrogen, which is important for increasing green mass. It is necessary to use urea with water, watered under the root. If desired, you can replace the product with chicken manure or mullein.
- The next top dressing of cucumbers in the ground is carried out after 15 days. The plant still needs nitrogen.
- The third top dressing is carried out during the flowering of cucumbers. greatest need appears in plants in potassium. Any potash fertilizer or wood ash is suitable for this.
- For 4, 5, 6 top dressing, fruiting occurs, during which there is a plant need for nitrogen and potassium.
Root top dressing of cucumbers
This method involves the introduction of nutrient solutions or substances as close as possible to the root system of cucumbers. It is not necessary to dig holes or "lay" mixtures directly to the roots of the plant. As a rule, prepared substances are poured under the leaves of seedlings. Top dressing should be poured onto the soil, without falling on the tops, leaves. In some cases, due to the concentration of substances, the liquid can leave a burn or even kill the plant. As a rule, the cost of such additives is low; you can independently make a solution from inexpensive components.
Foliar feeding of cucumbers during fruiting
This method of feeding, on the contrary, is carried out exclusively on lashes, leaves (extremely rarely on fruits if too many pests have appeared or a disease has begun). Foliar treatment can also be called spraying, in which the solution does not have such a high concentration compared to root feeding. As a rule, fertilize with this method in the morning, in the evening in cloudy weather without precipitation. The sun's rays when spraying can damage the green mass of cucumbers.
How to feed cucumbers in the open field
When fertilizing, it is important to find out which minerals and microelements the seedlings lack at this stage. It depends on how to water cucumbers for a good harvest, what organic matter or complex substances are needed. At certain stages, bird droppings, animal manure should be used, at others - phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium or nitrogen substances.
What fertilizer to apply when planting cucumbers
The first portion of fertilizers is applied to the soil even before the seeds are planted. After that, young plants need a whole range of elements that should be fed to them in order to get a rich harvest. An important component is potash fertilizers, which ensure rapid growth, plant formation, and improvement in the taste of the fruit. As a rule, these types of these trace elements are used:
- potassium nitrate;
- urea;
- granulated superphosphate;
- potassium sulfate;
- double superphosphate;
- potassium chloride.
With a large amount of phosphorus in the soil, one should not forget about nitrogen fertilizers, otherwise there will be few ovaries and more male flowers, adding them after the fact will not change the situation. Phosphorus is needed by cucumbers for the proper functioning of the root system, timely flowering, and the growth of a mass of greenery. Its excess leads to yellowing of the plant, falling off, rapid death.
Application of mineral fertilizers for a good harvest
This method of feeding cucumbers after planting is the most common step to achieve better yields. Mineral fertilizer for cucumbers in the open field can be mixed with organic matter or use on its own. Phosphorus is needed to strengthen the root system, and nitrogen is needed for proper plant growth, and potassium when flowers appear. Chlorine is extremely detrimental to cucumbers, so mineral salts with this element should be excluded. How to feed seedlings in the soil with mineral fertilizers:
- alternate organic, mineral substances;
- nourish the garden clean water before feeding the plant;
- inject fertilizer into the grooves, which should be made at a distance of 5 cm from the seedlings;
- you can pour the substance only on the ground, avoid getting on the leaves, tops.
Top dressing for cucumbers in the open field with organic fertilizers
Those who grow cucumbers in the ground know that the most low price on organic feeding will be when buying bird droppings, mullein. They are bred in a bucket of liquid in a ratio of 1:15. About 500 g of ash can also be added here. There are also folk ways preparation of organic fertilizers, for example:
- collect all the weeds from the garden;
- add nettle, plantain, dandelion leaves to it, finely chop;
- 1 kg of the mixture is diluted with 10 liters of water;
- the remedy should be infused for a day, strain it;
- it is worth feeding at the rate of 4 liters per 1 square meter earth.
How to fertilize cucumbers with yeast
An additional option for feeding cucumbers after planting in the ground is yeast. Gardeners often use this top dressing, it has the following advantages:
- improves root formation;
- stimulates growth;
- plant endurance increases;
- becomes a source of bacteria that increase the immunity of seedlings.
Cooking:
- Dissolve 10 g dry bread yeast in 10 liters of water.
- Put 2 tbsp. l. sugar into solution.
- Let the sourdough brew for 2 hours, stir it in 50 liters of liquid.
How to use:
- You can use this option as an answer to the question of how to feed cucumbers, but no more than 2 times.
- The first application should be carried out on the 12-14th day of disembarkation.
- The second - after phosphorus feeding.
How to feed cucumbers in the open field with ashes
This substance is an excellent organic fertilizer. Every gardener should know how to feed cucumbers in the open field with ash. It contains calcium, which is very important for the plant. Terms of use:
- For the entire period of growth, ash is added no more than 6 times.
- You need to feed the first time at the time of the appearance of 3 leaves, the 2nd time when the plant begins to bloom.
- As the fruits grow, once every 14 days, you can feed the cucumbers in the ground with a small amount of the solution.
- Dry ash or ash infusion can be used to fertilize the soil. The first option is poured onto the ground next to the plants before the irrigation procedure.
Complex fertilizer for cucumbers
When you are not exactly sure how to feed the cucumbers after planting in the ground, you cannot find out exactly which element the plant lacks, complex fertilizers should be used. A popular example of such a fertilizer is nitroammofoska, which includes potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus. After planting, the fertilizer granules are dissolved in the liquid and used as foliar top dressing. It can be easily ordered or bought in an online store, the price is 10,000 rubles per ton.
Trace elements for cucumbers
For healthy growth cucumbers in the soil after planting, a rich harvest, the development of immunity to pathogens, it is necessary to feed the plant with microelements. There are several basic substances that seedlings must have enough:
- Nitrogen. An important trace element during plant growth, provides green mass, protects against yellowing.
- Phosphorus. Cucumbers need a little of it, but it must be supplied regularly. Phosphorus provides the plant with the correct and healthy development of the root system, the rapid growth of green mass.
- potassium fertilizers. Different variants supplements containing potassium. Fertilizer will ensure the transport of nutrients to seedlings from the root system. Promotes fruiting, vegetative growth optimal amount potassium.
How to choose fertilizers
When the gardener is faced with the question of how to feed the cucumbers after planting in the ground, the peculiarities of the growth of cucumbers in the ground should be taken into account. Many novice vegetable growers believe in the unpretentiousness of seedlings, but a really good harvest can only be obtained if the seedlings are properly fed. You can make a choice based on the following recommendations:
- For any home seedlings, which is being prepared for planting in open ground, mullein is well suited: it contains various nutrients that are useful for cucumbers. One plant accounts for 1 liter of solution. Prepared in a ratio of 1:10 with liquid (1 part fertilizer and 10 parts water).
- You can find bird droppings in any store. Its price is low, so it is often used to feed cucumbers. 1 liter of manure is needed for 10 liters of water. After that, pour 2 cups of ash: you can periodically feed the seedlings with the resulting mixture.
- Complex fertilizers have more high price, are sold in stores and have cooking instructions on the package.
The price of fertilizers for feeding cucumbers after planting in the ground
You can find substances for feeding in online stores, specialized points where they sell seedlings, goods for gardeners, summer residents and vegetable growers. As a rule, large landowners buy them from companies that produce fertilizers. For an ordinary summer resident, this option is not suitable, because the price is set for bulk purchases from several tons. In packages, the cost of top dressing can range from 100 to 3000 rubles per kilogram / liter.
Video: how to fertilize cucumbers in the open field
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