Watering the garden, how to do it right, the art of watering the garden. Autumn: winter water-recharging irrigation How often do young fruit trees need to be watered
IN growing season trees and shrubs need systematic watering until the root layer of the soil is completely moistened. In no case should the roots be allowed to dry out!
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Watering trees and shrubs is carried out depending on weather conditions, texture soil and its moisture, depth and width of the root system and on average occurs at least 15 times during the growing season.
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In the first year after planting, the ground under the tree should be constantly wet, so intensive watering is necessary in the first months in all weather conditions. It is especially important to water the plants during dry times during summer and autumn.
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Watering begins when warm weather sets in: at an air temperature of more than 7 ºС (April - early May). Best time glaze- morning, before 10 o'clock, or evening, after 18 o'clock. Water for irrigation should be warm: + 15 ... + 22 º C.
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Watering plants during the growing season must be done taking into account their growth and development. In the most active period, in May-June, watering should be done at least 3-4 times a month, in July-August - 2-3 times, in September -1 time.
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Excessive watering is undesirable: it makes it difficult for the roots to breathe. Water can move readily soluble nutrients to depths that roots cannot reach and displace oxygen from the soil.
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On average, about 50 liters of water are needed per 1 m² of tree trunk holes. For shrubs, the norm will be about 20 liters per 1 m². For large-sized trees, the calculation of the required moisture is at least 15–20 liters per 1 m of tree height for one watering.
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After watering, the soil of the near-stem circles must be mulched to avoid excessive evaporation of moisture and the formation of a crust. Peat compost can be used as mulch (3–5 cm layer).
Currently, shredded pine bark and chips, shells are also used as mulching material. pine nuts- they retain moisture well in the soil, increase its temperature and create a decorative frame for plantings.
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Abundant watering of trees is done with a hose. Irrigation with sprinklers is often inefficient, as it provides moisture only upper layer soil. To the roots of large trees, to a depth of 50–60 cm or more, water does not reach.
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Watering of trees is not carried out during the onset of stable frosts (air temperature is below -5 ºС).
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If the tree is planted in autumn, then watering is required, especially in the presence of prolonged warm dry weather ( winter watering).
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How much watering is necessary for a given plant, you can determine in a simple way: take a handful of earth under a tree and squeeze it in a fist. If the lump crumbles after unclenching the fingers, watering the soil is required. With sufficient moisture, the lump will remain intact. If, when the soil is compressed, it spreads between the fingers, then the soil is waterlogged.
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In order to prevent excessive evaporation of moisture from the root layer of the soil, it is necessary to remove weeds and loosen the soil in the trunk circles. The depth of loosening should be no more than 6 cm to avoid damage to the roots..
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Along with watering, irrigation of the aerial part should be carried out by spraying the leaves with water. This is especially important for large conifers. Spraying is carried out by small-drop sprinkling in the morning and evening hours. Sprinkling helps to clean the above ground from pollutants, freeing the stomata from dust, which helps to improve transpiration, and also helps to remove some pests. This procedure can be combined with foliar top dressing mineral fertilizers and microelements.
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Stagnant waterlogging of the soil on the site, which arose due to close (less than 2 m) occurrence ground water and (or) obstruction of surface water runoff, may lead to waterlogging of the site. In this case, serious reclamation measures are needed, in particular, the creation of a drainage system. Plants for such areas must be selected with great care, giving preference to those that tolerate rising groundwater levels or partial waterlogging.
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Watering trees in the spring is an important part of every gardener's life. This procedure must be carried out without fail. The roots of the tree may lack natural moisture due to low rainfall. That's when gardeners irrigate.
Watering trees is easy. This simple procedure which is carried out regularly. It has its own characteristics in every season of the year. This is especially important for fruit trees. Wrong actions can lead to low yields in the current, as well as next year. It is imperative to supply moisture to a tree with fruits during the hot months.
The water norm for each tree, according to its age and type, can only be determined by the owner of the garden. Important factors are the following:
- soil type;
- its humidity;
- frequency of precipitation in a particular region of the country.
A young tree that was planted this spring should be watered about 2 or 3 times a month. Moisture must be applied at the beginning of the active growth of the seedling, the flowering of the buds of future fruits and the formation of the crop. New young trees are watered immediately after planting. It does not matter at all whether it was planted in spring, summer or autumn. In each case, the rule for supplying moisture is the same for everyone.
The first watering not only enriches the seedling with water, but also compacts the earth around the young root system. That is why it is highly recommended not to pour several buckets of water around young tree loosening the wet earth. In such cases, special sprinklers are installed under the average pressure of the liquid. Thus, the spray will not be able to fly beyond the circle of the trunk of young trees.
In the absence of plumbing garden plots summer residents use watering cans. So you can spend the same volumes of liquid much more efficiently. After planting and watering a new seedling during a moderately rainy season, water is supplied regularly during the spring, summer and autumn period. Until the soil in the hole around is sufficiently firm, the garden owner should use a watering can or sprinkler. Later, it will be possible to arbitrarily lay the hose, including the medium pressure. In moderately rainy spring and summer period liquid is given to young seedlings only in extreme cases of drying out of the earth. The degree of dryness of the soil can be periodically checked by touch.
In a particularly rainy season, excessive moisture is not needed at all. Only in the dry end of spring and summer, regular watering of fruit and ordinary seedlings is necessary. Otherwise, the summer resident can easily lose them. In the first year after planting, you will only need to water the tree once a week. Using special sprinklers, the gardener must carefully monitor the time.
In subsequent years of life, the supply of moisture is not so mandatory. It is necessary to carry out the procedure only as needed, that is, in severe drought and long periods of lack of precipitation. For example, in the first months of spring, the tree will have enough liquid anyway. The gardener can use absolutely any method. Watering should only be started when the soil is dry. It is easy to check such a factor by digging the ground with a shovel. If dryness is observed, then immediately make the soil moist.
However, the gardener should not overdo it. Over the previous year, the tree had already developed a powerful root system, which needs not only water, but also a certain amount fresh air. Wet soil will not allow the root system to breathe well. As a result - complete decay of the root system and further loss of the tree. The drying of newly appeared leaves is the first signal of such a problem. Loosening the earth around the trunk will help fix the problem. This will greatly increase air access to the roots.
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Older trees (3 years or more) require less frequent watering. Additional fluid is only supplied during fairly hot summers or any other dry period. A large amount of water in autumn will help the tree prepare for winter and avoid damage from the first frost. 2 buckets of water in the morning and in the evening for a week (during the period of leaf drop) will be enough.
In the spring, watering even an old tree is carried out as usual. It is desirable that the summer resident monitors the level of dryness of the earth around the trunk.
This will help prevent root rot and drying out. It is advisable to combine the liquid supply for a tree over 15 years old with various fertilizers. Organic ones are laid in a trench around the trunk, and mineral ones - in special holes.
Major Mistakes
Many gardeners make mistakes that inevitably lead to the death of various fruit crops. It is not recommended to feed plants with moisture often and in small quantities. After such an event, the root system quickly rots.
Water must be poured into an annular trench around the crown. So it will be absorbed best, because the root system is far from the trunk. Other methods are ineffective. Waterlogged land will do much more harm than good to the plant.
Measures for uninterrupted water supply at the end of summer are not needed, because because of this the tree will not be able to properly prepare for wintering. Residents are advised to follow general rules at any time of the year, and then they will always have a rich harvest. Spring young fruit seedlings it is necessary to water no more than 5 times, and evenly the entire piece of soil near the trunk.
If the roots become visible, then they are immediately covered with soil. Water is brought in rarely, but quite plentifully (much more often in sandy soil). That is why it is important to initially determine the type of soil.
Fertilizing the garden in spring
spring orchard more than ever needs additional feeding. It is required even for fertile soil. At this time of the year, the summer resident must apply mineral fertilizers around the trunk. Pre-autumn, nitrogen and potassium top dressings are introduced.
If autumn horticultural crops not fertilized, then in mid-April you need to use complex fertilizer, which necessarily includes all the necessary healthy growth Components. Top dressing begins in March or April immediately after the snow has melted. For dry and liquid fertilizer a sufficiently moist soil is needed, since the roots can only assimilate dissolved substances and elements. Fertilize in the evening, preferably immediately after heavy rain has passed.
Using the right fertilizer and regular watering throughout the spring, fruit trees will increase flowering activity. Fruit buds with shoots will quickly form. Thus, the owner will receive a bountiful harvest. The flowering and growth of a garden pet depend on the availability of nutrients and substances.
Speaking about watering fruit trees, we can say that this process is neglected by many. Watered when planting a seedling and that's enough.
But in vain. Fruit trees need to be watered, but wisely. There is a lot in scientific gardening books on how to calculate the watering rate depending on the soil, season, temperature, etc.
But in practice, it is difficult for an amateur gardener not to be interested. Below are answers to questions about how to water fruit trees and how not to.
How to water fruit trees:
1. Right time for watering fruit trees early in the morning or late in the evening.
2. Watering fruit trees is carried out on average 4 times a season. The secret of good watering lies not in quantity, but in quality. The first watering is carried out when the ovaries are formed, the second in the middle of the season, the third 20 days before harvest, the fourth during the leaf fall.
3. Special meaning proper watering has for young fruit trees. By watering them properly in the first season, you create a solid foundation for them. further growth. In the first year of growth, 2-3 buckets for each tree are considered the norm. The number of waterings is 5-6.
4. You need to water evenly the entire near-trunk circle and fill the circular grooves around the tree.
5. Good results gives watering with drainage holes, which drill to a depth of 0.5-0.6 m and a diameter of 10-13 centimeters using a special drill. Then fill them with rubble or broken bricks. When watering, fill the drain completely. Drainage can be used to apply liquid fertilizers.
6. For high-quality watering, it is better to use a spray nozzle.
7. The tree needs to be watered to a depth of 0.6-0.7 meters. You can control it with a sharpened metal pin. In wet soil, it will enter easily, in dry soil it will rest.
8. For sandy soils, the frequency of watering can be slightly increased.
9. If a tree this year has a lot of ovaries, then it is watered more than a tree that bears little fruit this year. For a rough calculation of the number of buckets of water needed for watering a fruit tree, you can use the formula: area trunk circle, multiplied by 3.
What not to do when watering fruit trees:
1. You can not water fruit trees, and all plants during the day in the sun.
2. You can not water fruit trees often. We know that lack of moisture is bad, but too much is not better.
3. You can not pour water under a tree with a jet at one point. In this case, the roots are exposed, which leads to negative consequences.
4. Do not pour the same way on the trunk itself, since small roots on the periphery of the tree will not receive moisture.
5. You can't make a swamp. Make sure that the water is absorbed, then add more. This will prevent you from overspending water and strong soil compaction.
6. Do not water the tree during or just before fruit harvest. This leads to abundant fruit drop.
7. Be careful with the pear. It is very sensitive to excess moisture.
Next is an interesting video from an expert on watering fruit trees. Enjoy watching:
Water for trees, as well as for us, is necessary condition for life. Thanks to her, green giants receive minerals from the soil and spread from roots to leaves. Due to lack of moisture, they lose in the development and quantity of the crop. Learn how to properly provide water to your pets from our article.
There is a stereotype among plant growers that trees do not need to be watered in spring, as they receive water after the snow melts. In fact, everything is exactly the opposite. Even if the winter was with heavy snowfalls, spring watering of the garden is definitely needed. This is due to the uneven distribution and melting of snow, as a result of which some trees receive more moisture, while others receive less.
To saturate the roots nutrients before summer season, required first watering. This is done during bud break, before flowering.
It is preferable to water trees with water from natural reservoirs. If there is a water supply or a well on your site, then it is better to defend the water in special containers, allowing it to warm up
If the trees are watered during flowering, this can lead to the fall of the ovaries.
Watering trees in spring
In general, fruit trees are watered 4-5 times during the season. But this applies mainly to mature trees, which already have a fairly developed root system. For the care of young animals, other terms apply.
Requires the most attention seedlings in the first year. They are watered immediately after planting to firm up the soil around the roots. In the future, regular irrigation is carried out approximately 1 time per week.
young trees in the second and third years after planting, they also need regular watering. If the land is too dry, then the irrigation regime may coincide with seedlings.
By the age of three, the tree already has a fairly powerful root system and is not so demanding on care. Instances 3 to 8 years, and old trees Watered in spring before bud break.
Watering trees depending on the soil
The same types of trees, but growing on different types soils are watered differently.
Trees growing in sandy areas require the most water due to poor soil moisture retention. If there is still a dry summer, then the water consumption increases by 50 percent of the usual volume.
Less watering, compared to sandy, should be loamy and clay soil.
How to water in the near-trunk circle
From time immemorial, watering in near-trunk circles has been used to irrigate the garden. To do this, a hole is dug around the trunk, shaped like a bowl. At the same time, its depth is 40-60 cm, and the radius is equal to the width of the crown. From the trunk, however, it is necessary to retreat 20-50 cm.
As the tree grows, the radius of the bowl increases. This method of watering is universal, because it can be used both on flat surface as well as on slopes. It also helps save water and deliver moisture directly to the root forks, but is very labor intensive.
Water is not poured directly under the trunk, because then it does not flow to the lateral processes of the root and, accordingly, the tree does not receive the required amount of moisture.
Sprinkler irrigation
Irrigation is a method in which watering is carried out with special sprinklers, or sprinkler irrigation systems. They are semi-stationary, stationary and mobile.
If you use the sprinkling method, then you kill two birds with one stone. Firstly, necessary water get the roots of trees, and secondly, the leaves and air in the garden are also moistened.
Also, the advantages include:
- full mechanization of work: a person does not need to participate in the process, just turn on the installation;
- versatility of use both on the plains and on the slopes;
- the ability to control water consumption.
But sprinkling has disadvantages:
- duration of watering by time: 2-2.5 hours;
- installation complexity.
Despite the disadvantages, this method of watering is very convenient and useful for trees.
Drip irrigation
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the roots using an underground irrigation system.
It looks like this: in several ditches dug at a distance of 60-70 cm from each other, tubes are laid with a width and a depth of 20 cm, in which holes with a diameter of 3-4 mm are made every 25-30 cm. Plugs are installed in the tubes at one end, and from the other ends of the tubes communicate with each other by means of adapters and a common pipe. The common pipe (hose) rises to a height of 1-1.5 m and is connected to a water source. Tubes with holes are buried in soil mixed with sand. Thus, when the faucet is opened, water begins to spread through the pipe through the communicating pipes, and from them through the holes it gets to the roots.
The drip system can also pass on the ground. In this case, water enters the soil through droppers located at regular intervals.
The advantages of this method include:
- preservation of the topsoil;
- full mechanization of the process;
- economical water consumption
The downside is the complexity of installation.
Watering trees in summer
In late May - early June, fruit trees drop flowers, and fruits begin to form in their place. For birth good harvest summer watering is simply necessary for trees.
seedlings require attention throughout holiday season, so watering once a week remains relevant for them for the summer. The exception is the rainy summer, during which they are irrigated only when the soil dries up, and on other days, watering can be skipped altogether.
young trees, already managed to develop the root system, watered only on hot days and during the period of fruit ripening.
mature trees it is enough to water twice: in June, after the flowers fall, and also in July, during the ripening period of the fruits (but no later than 20-30 days before they fully ripen). The next watering is done in the fall.
Can trees be watered on a hot sunny day?
The biggest mistake is watering on a hot day. Firstly, moisture actively evaporates from the soil surface into the air, so less water will reach the roots. Secondly, if water droplets fall on the leaves, they, like a lens, focus on them. Sun rays, which may cause burns.
The best time to water trees is sunrise or sunset. In this case, the water is absorbed into the soil as much as possible, and the leaves remain unharmed.
How often should trees be watered
The main task of the grower is to maintain water balance in the soil. To determine the degree of its moisture, the following method is used: dig a small hole next to the tree to a depth of 50-60 cm, take a small lump of earth from there and squeeze it in your hand. If, when the palm is opened, the lump does not lose its shape, then there is enough moisture in the soil. Otherwise, the lump will crumble in your hand.
The number of waterings per season can range from seven to eight times for seedlings and three to four times for mature trees. However, one must take into account weather. So, during the drought period, seedlings are watered once a week, while for adult trees, the amount of irrigation can also be increased depending on the development phase (flowering period, fruit ripening).
Do not water the trees less than 20-30 days before harvest - this can lead to cracking and falling of the fruit.
However, everything needs a measure, including watering trees. A lack of moisture can affect their development and crop size, and an excess contributes to the displacement of oxygen from the soil and rotting of the roots.
How to combine watering and feeding trees
For mature trees older than 15 years, watering can be combined with fertilizing. But this does not mean that you need to dilute the chemicals in water and pour them into the soil near the trunk - this method is ineffective.
More useful method using mineral fertilizers will be their introduction into the root soil. To do this, 5-6 small holes are made in the ground with a depth of 25-30 cm, then a handful of additives are poured into them, they are buried back in and the sprinkling system is turned on. Such top dressing should be carried out every 2-3 years.
If you are using organic fertilizers, then dig a channel along the diameter of the trunk circle, add manure to it and cover it with earth. Irrigate as above.
Timely feeding your garden with fertilizers, you can count on a good harvest.
When the tree needs abundant watering
Earlier we already wrote that excess moisture for a tree is just as harmful as its lack. However, there are some stages of life when it needs abundant watering:
- seedlings in the first year after planting are well irrigated for the development of the root system, saturation with useful substances and strengthening in the soil. For this, the period from May to June is watered 7-8 times, 3-5 buckets of water under each trunk;
- mature tree with ties the size of Walnut irrigate with 10-20 buckets;
- after harvesting, in the fall, the tree is also watered abundantly so that the frosts do not dry it out in the coming winter.
How to Mulch the Soil Under a Tree to Reduce Watering
Mulching is the application of a protective layer to the soil in order to retain moisture in it.
Mulch also helps:
- survive the winter for the tree, protecting its roots from freezing;
- save useful material in the soil;
- prevent weed growth.
For mulching use dry mowed grass; sawdust; seed husks; foliage and humus; shells from pine nuts; chips from the bark of pine or larch.
Mulch is sprinkled on the ground around the trunk or in the near-stem bowl. In this case, a number of rules must be observed:
- the layer of mulch should be from 2 to 5 cm. A large amount of mulch will prevent water from entering the soil;
- when sprinkling mulch, step back a few centimeters from the trunk to prevent rotting, insects and rodents;
- mulching is done immediately after watering;
- before mulching, prepare the soil: loosen and remove weeds;
- mulch does not need to be compacted, it should lie in a loose layer.
In general, mulching favorably affects the health and fertility of trees.
Watering coniferous trees: when, how much, how often
Coniferous trees, whether spruce or pine, ennoble the site. With their evergreen appearance and unusual structure, they delight the eye. all year round. But precisely because of the peculiarity of preserving the color of the foliage, these trees need special watering.
Perhaps you have met coniferous trees with dry tops. This happens due to lack of moisture, especially in winter. The crown of evergreens actively evaporates it, and with the onset of frost, the air becomes even drier, there is little water in the soil, as a result of which the tops begin to “burn”.
To prevent this, coniferous trees are abundantly watered in autumn: then the soil freezes to a shallower depth.
In spring, the ground part wakes up before the roots, therefore, if there are no frosts, watering the tops should be done to prevent them from drying out. Irrigation of the soil also occurs from early spring. If the water spreads over the surface of the earth, and does not absorb, then the earth is still frozen. Then watering is done several times a day in small portions.
Very useful for evergreen sprinkling. Thanks to him, all the dust is removed from the branches, they begin to actively "breathe".
To reduce the evaporation of moisture from the soil, do not forget about mulching
Despite the fact that conifers are very fond of moisture, they cannot tolerate its excess: the root system begins to rot, and the trees get sick. To avoid this, waterlogging of the soil should not be allowed.
Properly provide your coniferous trees with moisture, and they will gratefully answer you with their green tops!
Watering trees in autumn
Autumn watering for trees is no less important than spring or summer. The thing is that in winter the air is dry, and the ground freezes strongly. Abundant autumn watering prevents deep freezing of the soil and burning of the tops of the trees.
A drizzling autumn rain can hardly moisten the soil deeper than 20-30 cm. Therefore, you should not rely on the weather, but rather take care of your garden before the onset of frost, preparing it for the coming winter.
You can only see the benefits of autumn watering in the spring, when the earth wakes up moistened and the tree actively begins to give new shoots.
Regardless of how the summer turned out to be (dry or rainy), the soil near the trees needs to be moistened before winter to a depth of 1.5-2 m. You can check the level with a metal rod of a certain length: if it freely enters the ground, then it raw. Otherwise, it will rest on a dry layer.
It is not necessary to do autumn watering of trees growing on clay and soils and in lowlands
There is another way to measure soil moisture levels: dig a hole 40 cm deep, take a handful of earth from it and make a lump, and then put it on a piece of paper:
- if, when the palm is opened, the lump does not lose its shape, and a wet trace remains on the paper under it, then the soil is ready for winter.
- if the lump retains its shape, but the paper under it remains dry, then the watering rate should be increased by 30%;
- if the lump breaks up, then the soil is dried up and it needs abundant watering.
To moisten the soil to the desired depth, a lot of water will be required: 10-20 buckets per adult tree and 3-5 buckets for young trees. Watering is done when the temperature drops to +2 ... +3 degrees, so that the plant does not grow again before winter.
Seedlings in the first year are not prepared for winter. Their last watering is done in August to allow the trunk to get stronger.
Trees are quite unpretentious to care, but they also need to be paid attention. Timely watering and feeding them will provide you with a rich harvest.
