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How to grow walnuts from seed. Ways of planting a walnut on a personal plot. Disease control - how to protect a young tree

Candidate of Agricultural Sciences Evgeny Anatolyevich Vasin answers the question.
You can grow a walnut in this way if the purchased nut is not fried and fresh, that is, from this year's harvest. There are several ways to germinate nuts. The simplest is the autumn sowing of freshly picked (bought in the fall) nuts of a new crop into the ground. Last year's nuts will have (if any) very low germination. And if they were stored for several years, then your efforts to germinate are equal to zero - it has been verified by bitter personal experience.
For autumn planting, it is necessary to choose a place on a site where the soil is not acidic, since the nut grows better on soils from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. Dig a place on a shovel bayonet, make a trench 8-10 cm deep and put your nuts (it is better to plant several pieces for a greater guarantee) on the edge, cover them with soil. Water at autumn planting not necessary, as moisture will accumulate naturally during the winter.
In places where winters are not snowy, walnut beds should be mulched with fallen leaves, dry grass, etc. with a layer of 10-20 cm. In spring, this mulch will help retain moisture under it. If the spring is dry and early, watering the walnut beds is necessary. As the soil warms up, the nuts will begin to germinate, but not evenly, but within 5-10 days and up to 1 month. Sometimes the nuts germinate after a year, so don't rush to cull the nuts that haven't germinated until next spring.
In addition to retaining moisture in the spring, mulch can protect young seedlings from sunburn. To do this, you need to select light mulching materials (sawdust, grass). If the mulching layer has been large since autumn, then it must be reduced to 5 cm, but it should not be completely removed for the above reasons.
If you purchased nuts late in the fall and did not have time to plant them in the ground before winter, then there are other ways of pre-sowing preparation. This is stratification and soaking before spring planting. Each of them has its own subtleties and nuances. The main thing is that the nuts must go through a period of cold dormancy from 30 to 90 (120) days. It depends on genetics seed material(that is, nuts) and the timing when you got nuts.
Nuts with a thick shell (1.5 mm or more) must be laid on cold stratification, and with a shell thickness of up to 1.5 mm and especially less than 1.0 mm, it is better to soak and germinate in warmth.
Stratification. Before laying for stratification, nuts must be soaked in water at room temperature for 2-3 days with a daily change of water. The substrate for the stratification of nuts can be wet, steamed chilled sawdust or wet calcined sand, preferably river sand. Wooden shallow boxes or leaky pans are suitable as a container. First, pour a layer of wet sawdust or sand into the container, put the nuts on edge and cover them with a substrate (sawdust or sand) on top. Then place the container with nuts in a room with a temperature of +3 .. +7 ° С.
Once a month, check the nuts and, if necessary, moisten the substrate. Attention! The substrate should not be damp, but only wet, especially closer to spring. Otherwise, the nut will not germinate, but become moldy. The moisture content of sawdust is determined as follows: when squeezing them in a fist, water should ooze, and not flow. Wet sand crumbles a little. Closer to spring, nuts should be checked 1-2 times a week with mixing of the substrate. With early germination of roots, it is necessary to reduce the storage temperature to +1. .+2°C, and before planting, gradually increase the temperature over several days.
Plant nuts in the ground after they pass spring frosts. From above, the soil is mulched with sawdust to save seedlings from sunburn. You can build a semblance of a greenhouse, but this is not necessary.
Another way is spring soaking. Before this, the nuts must undergo "dry" cold storage at a temperature below +10°C, it is better if it is within +1 .. +5°C, for at least 30 days. Soaking the nuts begins about a month before they are supposed to be planted in the ground. It is convenient to do this in a wide shallow dish. The water should cover the nut halfway up or slightly deeper. Some nuts float and some sink. It is undesirable for them to stay at the bottom for a long time - they can suffocate. If the nuts float too high, they can be discarded. They may be empty or dry. IN last case they need more time to gain moisture. At room temperature nuts are soaked for 2-5 (7) days until the wings open. When the temperature rises to +30..+35°C, the soaking process is reduced.
I had a case when a nut hatched in one day of soaking at a water temperature of +35 .. + 40 ° C, that is, it not only swelled, having absorbed a sufficient amount of moisture, but its spine hatched. It was a very thin-skinned nut with a shell thickness of 0.6 mm.
After the shells of the nuts have parted, they are ready for germination. Such nuts are placed in a sprouting container (see above). The temperature in the room where germination takes place should be +25..+28°С. The moisture content of sawdust has already been discussed. Nuts germinate within 5-10 days, sometimes a little earlier. When the roots reach a length of 0.5-1.0 cm, the nuts are transferred to a cold store with a temperature of +3 .. + 5 ° C and kept there until planting in the ground. When planting nuts in the spring after stratification with or without roots, they are deepened by 5-7 cm. Before planting, trenches or pits are watered and the nuts are laid on moist soil. From above they are sprinkled with soil and mulched with sawdust.
The main points for sprouting nuts of the Juglans genus are listed above. Of course, there are other ways of pre-sowing preparation of walnut seeds, but these are already subtleties that are important for specialists.
When shoots appear, the main care comes down to weeding, loosening the soil, and watering. IN middle lane the best fertilizer- it's ash. From the second half of summer, it is given for better maturation of wood and preparation for winter. For the winter annual plant better to mulch.

E.A. Vasin,
candidate of agricultural sciences, Tula

From the stone, from the fruit, from seeds, in the country, description, photo, seedling at home, when to plant Walnut potted

Is it possible to grow a walnut from a nut? People familiar with walnut growing by hearsay are surprised to learn that this is actually a simple task. A walnut tree easily grows from a fruit - this procedure is quite affordable at home.

On the title photo annual seedling walnut.

What does a walnut tree look like?

This tree is known for its monumentality. Southern varieties grow up to 30 meters tall. The crown is sprawling, extensive, capable of occupying 0.3 acres. Considering that other crops do not always grow under it (due to the dense foliage of the walnut tree or the phytoncides emitted by it), this plant is not suitable for a small dacha.

General view of a walnut tree.

How a walnut tree blooms - in the photo below:

Flowers: male on the left, female on the right.

Readers ask us what an adult looks like Blooming tree walnut, do you have a photo? It is much more convenient to watch the flowering of a large tree in the video below:

Photo of walnut leaves.

Fruit photo.

General information

Walnut is a long-lived tree, some specimens live longer than 300 years. He loves humidity, light, in nature it grows best on soils with a constant, albeit low level. ground water. The root system is powerful, deeply penetrating into the soil. There are modern varieties that are resistant to frost. Although, of course, cases of cultivation in open ground in the Moscow region or in the Urals are still the exception, not the rule.

Variety "Ideal"

This famous variety overturned the standard idea of a walnut as a purely southern plant. A relatively low tree (up to 5 m against 30 meters of classic southern nuts), lives not 400 years, but 50, however, the yield qualities are unique. It blooms twice in a season, the fruits are collected in a brush, quite frost-resistant (in the Urals, shelter for young plants is required - that's all), bears fruit unusually early - for 2-3 years of life. A short summer in the middle zone is enough for the crop to ripen qualitatively. As experienced walnut growers say, the Ideal variety showed itself perfectly in the Moscow region, near St. Petersburg, in Vyazma.

Unfortunately, no one shared a photo of an adult tree; it is impossible to find a photo on the network with at least an approximate appearance of this wonderful variety in adult form. However, you can see the tree in the video on the My Garden blog.

Not the "Ideal" alone

Despite the fact that "Ideal" is so good, growing it, for example, in Siberia, is still fraught with a number of difficulties - the plant will require shelter, attention, feeding, shaping. Perhaps, citizens who are keen on nut growing will like other species from the Nut genus - they are more stable in nature, and, although they also require cultivation efforts, they may be easier to breed in Siberia or the Urals. These are nuts:

Black.
Rocky.
Siebold (ailantholist).
Grey.
Cordate.

Growing a tree from seed

That is, from the fruit. Seeds germinate in one year. You should choose a quality nut, preferably freshly fallen from a tree. Even better, choose a ripe, beautiful fruit and pluck it yourself.

Inspect the nut, if there is damage to the shell, it is better not to take it.

Is it possible to grow a walnut from a store nut?

There is a small chance, however, the freshness and germination of these nuts is more than doubtful, it is hardly worth wasting time. Having become acquainted with the procedure for preparing seeds for planting, you will understand that nuts going on sale could lose their germination capacity at any of these stages (for example, the drying stage).

Do I need to peel nuts from the outer fleshy layer (pericarp)?

Preferably. So the nuts will germinate much faster. Cleaning should be done carefully without damaging the inner shell. The procedure is carried out with gloves, the juice has strong coloring properties, stains are difficult to remove.

After cleaning

Shelled nuts are dipped in a bucket of water, sunken nuts are quality nuts that are more likely to germinate, choose them for planting.

The next step is drying. Peeled and calibrated nuts are laid out in the sun in one layer, dried for 1 day, then dried in the shade. Dry only outdoors, nuts intended for planting, dry near heating appliances highly not recommended. This stage can be skipped if you plan to plant a nut before winter and get seedlings in May.

What to plant?

Prepared nuts are planted in open ground, as described below, but you can also at home in plastic containers of half a liter. The containers are filled with garden soil, the nuts are planted to a depth of 5 cm. Watered, then placed in a cool place: a balcony or basement. In early February, they are rearranged into the house, in a bright place, after 2-3 weeks young plants appear, after a month they reach a height of 10 cm, now they need a larger container, they should be transplanted into pots or pruned plastic bottles volume of 1.5-2 liters.

The condition of the soil should be monitored, it should always be moderately moist, in April (or later, at a temperature of about 15 C, the plants begin to gradually accustom to fresh air, they are taken out to the balcony. Plant out outdoors when all danger of frost has passed.

Landing in open ground, site selection

The walnut tree is spreading - this is taken into account when choosing a place. Powerful root system, so it is not planted next to buildings. Fruits in 6-9 years.

The fruits are planted before winter, it is advisable to plant immediately in a permanent place, the tree has a powerful central tap root, which means that it does not like transplants. Pit for planting - up to 1 meter both in height and in width, before planting, dig the soil from the pit with humus. The depth of embedding nuts is 15-20 cm. At least 3-4 nuts are planted in one hole, so that later one of them is the strongest.

The nut should be laid with a seam up, if placed with a point, it will also germinate, but will develop more slowly. Nuts planted in open ground germinate a little later than those planted in cups, around May. Although there is also the opposite experience: nuts sprouted faster in open ground than after stratification in the refrigerator.

Yes, it is also possible to plant nuts outdoors in the spring. To do this, prepared nuts are stored in a cool, but not damp place. Somewhere 3-4 months before planting in open ground (approximately in January-February), they need to be stratified: the nuts are buried in moistened sand, put in the general compartment of the refrigerator (a temperature of 5-7 degrees is needed). Maintain the deadline. Planted in May in open ground, seedlings should be expected in ten days.

How a walnut sprouts:

Germination of walnut "Ideal".

About the rapid germination of walnuts - in just 10 days

Video about the method of walnut stratification. from the channel "My Garden". Part 1. Stratification procedure.

Part 2. Seedlings in 10 days!

Walnut in the Moscow region

Contrary to all notions, a walnut can really grow in the Moscow region. Landing is possible both in autumn and in spring after stratification. True, nuts for planting must be bought from trusted walnut growers who grow nuts in the Middle lane. As for seedlings, then, of course, it is necessary to plant only zoned young plants grown from nuts obtained from a tree that feel comfortable in the conditions of the Moscow Region, imported southern trees are too tender. We have already talked about the Ideal variety above - yes, it is it that is perfect for growing in a dacha near Moscow.

Walnut cultivation in the Urals

Such attempts really were, and almost successful. The variety "Ideal" grows well in the Urals in the open field in summer, giving powerful shoots, but all ground parts freeze out in winter. That does not prevent the trees from resuming their attempts to give growth with the advent of heat. Usually such plants die, gradually exhausting all their strength to fight unsuitable conditions. The network has information about the gardener Vera Viktorovna Telnova (Chelyabinsk), who successfully grows walnuts in the Urals and receives a harvest from them. It looks like this:

Seedlings of the "Ideal" variety are planted in a plot well protected from the winds.
The tree is formed low, up to 1.2 m. But sprawling, the crown of one plant can occupy 8 square meters.
The young sapling was specially planted a little obliquely, so that it would be easier to bend it to the ground.
For the first three years, the stem of the seedling for the winter was wrapped in 2-3 layers of covering material, later the procedure is simplified, you can simply throw covering material on the tree, give it something heavy on top (pipes, bricks, boards).
In order not to gnaw mice under cover, you should lay out baits for mice.
Natural snow cover is sufficient.
Shelter should be removed quite late - in early May.
The yield of such a tree depends on the quality of the soil than more fertile land- the higher the yield. IN summer period quality watering is also required. Such a nut can bear fruit in the 3rd year of life (Ideal variety, as you know, early ripening).

About cultivation in the Middle lane

Material from the video channel "Garden World".

walnut bonsai

The idea to create a bonsai from a walnut tree seems to be a failure, at least this is how experienced bonsai lovers speak about it. However, miracles do happen.

The video below shows this miracle tree in detail.

Reproduction of a nut by seeds is one of the most popular ways in which it is important to choose a good fruit. How to grow a walnut so that the tree gives good harvest, let's look further.

Reproduction of nuts by seeds is one of the most popular and proven methods.

seed germination

How to choose and how to germinate a walnut:

The collection of nuts is carried out as they fall from the tree, you can knock them down.
For sowing, the gardener selects large fruits with a thin shell and excellent taste. They take whole nuts, on which there are no defects and cracks. Make sure that there are no spots or dots on the shell.
You should not use store-bought fruits, as they may be old and unsuitable for growing.
The pericarp is removed for faster germination. Peel the fruit carefully, without touching the inner peel.
Rubber gloves are used for convenience.
The peeled fruits are placed in a container with water. Those that have gone to the bottom are suitable for landing.
After cleaning, the fruits are dried in the sun and placed in the shade. Do not use heating equipment to dry seeds.

If you do not know how to plant a walnut from a seed, follow the advice of experts. Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in autumn or spring.

Planting a nut in the fall is carried out on a regular territory, because during transplantation there is a risk of damaging the roots and destroying the plant. The diameter of the hole is about 1 m. The seeds need to be deepened by 20 cm and sprinkled with soil mixed with humus.

To grow a walnut tree that bears excellent fruit, planting rules will help:

Stratification should be carried out 3 months before disembarkation. Prepare wet sand and place nuts in it at a temperature not exceeding 7 ° C. After a week and a half, you can see a growing seedling.
Select the strongest seed from germinated.
It is important to lay the seeds strictly seam up. Approximately three fruits fit in the hole, which should be placed at a distance of 25 cm from each other. main feature laying out seeds is the observance geometric shapes: three nuts are laid out in a triangle, and four in a square.
Fill the hole and tamp the resulting mound.

planting container

How to plant a walnut in a container:

For planting, a deep pot with drainage is suitable. The first container should have a diameter and depth of 30 cm. This will allow the root system of the tree to fit freely.
Each time you transplant, you need to select a new pot, the diameter of which will be 8 cm larger than the previous one.
The container should be placed in a room that is well lit by the sun. There should be no drafts or wind.
When flowers form, make the plant shelter from adverse external influences.
You can install the pot in greenhouse conditions. The tree does not like too dense soil, the soil should be slightly alkaline, very nutritious and loose.

growing at home

You can plant and grow a tree at home, but this process is laborious.

How to grow a nut from a fruit: the fruit should be grown in large pots, because this will protect the culture from severe frosts.

Large containers will provide the plant with the necessary useful components that it extracts from the soil. A nut grown in this way is of medium size. You should not expect a rich harvest from him. small size and the fruit of the tree. The taste of nuts directly depends on the care of the plant.

When you have learned how to grow a walnut from seed, you need to take care of it. Worst enemy walnut - waterlogged or too dry soil. When there is too much moisture, the roots begin to rot and gradually die off.

Insufficient moisture threatens to stop the development of ovaries. On hot days, the amount of water should be increased. It may be necessary to wrap the pot with a damp cloth to cool the roots.

In order to protect the plant from freezing, you need to bring it into the room or cover it with burlap. By a similar method, the culture is preserved from birds. If you started growing walnuts at home, then you should mulch the soil with peat in the spring, you can use manure, moss. A walnut rarely gets sick, but if spots appear on its foliage, then you need to treat it with a special liquid.

Fertilizers are left during the growing season, when the crop needs additional feeding.

Walnut during the growing season needs additional feeding

Transplantation is carried out in the fall. To do this, the tree is taken out of the pot and one tenth of the root system is cut off. The elevated area also needs pruning. A transplant is needed in order for the nut to reach its final size. A tree that has taken root in a tub can be given any shape.

Do not forget the first years of the plant's life to carry out crown molding along with the removal of part of the flowers. This will prevent abundant fruiting. In summer, thin, weak shoots should be removed.

A tree planted correctly will grow healthy and bear fruit. Now you know how to plant a walnut from a fruit.

Walnut is a long-lived plant. There are trees that are over 300 years old. The plant loves light and moisture, so it grows best in well-drained soils with moderate moisture, in which there is a small constant level of groundwater. The root system of the walnut is very powerful and penetrates deep into the soil.

Climate

There are many frost-resistant varieties of walnuts, so cultivation is carried out even in the northern latitudes of Russia and Siberia. Known cases successful cultivation in the Moscow region and even the Urals. One of the most popular varieties- "Ideal". As an alternative, walnut hybrids with gray or Manchurian walnuts can be considered.

Of course, in warm regions, the choice of varieties is much wider.

For growing walnuts in northern latitudes, see the following video.

Walnut trees can be propagated in several ways:

Seeds.
seedlings.

Selecting a landing site

When choosing a place to plant a nut, keep in mind that the tree will be sprawling and tall. It is important that in the future it does not interfere with buildings or other trees.

In general, planting a nut next to any structure is undesirable, because this plant has a fairly strong root system. When it grows, it will damage the foundation.

Shrubs should be planted next to walnut seedlings. In the first years of growth, the tree will not interfere with their fruiting. And after 6-9 years, when the nut becomes quite large, the shrubs are easily removed.

Seed Choice

Propagation by seeds is the main method of planting a nut. Germination of walnut seeds is one year. For sowing, large fruits are selected, which have a tasty kernel and a thin shell.

You need to collect nuts that have just fallen from a tree, or even better - knock them down yourself. Only ripe and undamaged nuts are selected for seeds.

There should be no visible damage, stains or other defects on their shell. It is not recommended to plant store-bought nuts as their freshness is unknown.

cleaning

Nuts can not be peeled from the outer layer (pericarp), but peeled fruits germinate much faster. Peel the nuts carefully so that only the outer shell separates and the inner shell remains intact.

Peeled nuts should be lowered into a bucket filled with water. For planting, select sunken fruits, as they have a solid core, so the probability of producing good sprouts in such nuts is higher.

Drying

After cleaning from the outer green shell, the fruits are laid out in one layer to dry in the sun, and then (after 1-2 days) they are removed to dry in the shade. It is not recommended to dry fruits that will be used for planting in the future near heating devices. If you are going to plant walnut fruits in the fall, you can not dry them at all, but immediately sow them in the chosen place. Such seeds will sprout next year in May.

Planting in Autumn

In a walnut seedling, a central tap root is formed, which grows to a great depth. And therefore, the fruits should be sown immediately in a permanent place, since a transplant can injure this root.

The depth and diameter of the pits for walnut seeds should be up to one meter. This depth is required to provide the future tree with a reserve nutrients. Seeds are planted in pits to a depth of 15-20 centimeters. The soil selected from the pits is mixed with humus and returned back.

Nuts are laid on the bottom with a seam up, and not with a point, otherwise the tree will begin to bear fruit later.

Three or four fruits are placed in each hole, placing them from each other at a distance of 20-25 centimeters (fruits are planted in a triangle or square). The pit is filled up with the formation of a mound in the middle, and then the soil is compacted. Among the seedlings that have grown, choose the strongest. Seedlings grown from seeds should be properly cut. It is necessary to water young walnut trees from May to July twice a month with the expectation of four buckets of water per 1 m2. Watering is postponed in rainy weather, and stops in August.

spring

Seeds that will be planted in May should be stored in a cool place, and about 3-4 months before planting, they are stratified. It provides for laying nuts at +4 + 7 degrees in wet sand. Before laying nuts in the sand, they can be briefly held in glassware filled with water (water temperature - room temperature).

Seeds are sown in open ground in May. Planting depth is within 7-9 centimeters. The first shoots appear in about ten days. By autumn, their height is approximately 10-15 centimeters. First, shoots grow upward, and then their trunks begin to thicken. If you water them abundantly in summer, then the plants can grow higher, but in this case they winter worse.

How to germinate a walnut at home

You can grow walnut seedlings at home in 500 ml plastic cups. The bottom of the glasses is pierced to remove excess moisture. The containers are filled with garden soil, and the nuts are laid to a depth of 5 centimeters. Having covered them with earth from above, watering is carried out and the glasses are sent to the balcony or to the basement. By the beginning of February, they are transferred to the house, watered abundantly and put on the windowsill.

Shoots in such glasses appear 2-3 weeks after returning to the house. When the plants reach a height of 10 cm (usually after a month), they are transplanted into larger containers, for example, cut into 1.5-2-liter bottles. After sending these containers back to the windowsill, the plants are watered in a timely manner, as they require moderately moist soil.

In April, when the daytime temperature rises to +15 degrees, the plants can be transferred to a glazed balcony for hardening before planting in the soil at the end of May. At this time, there is no longer a risk of frost, and the seedlings reach a height of 20-25 centimeters. At the same time, we note that nuts planted in the ground in autumn only begin to germinate in May, and reach a height of 10-20 centimeters only by autumn.

Reproduction by seedlings

With this cultivation, seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place at the age of 2 in the spring. When digging, you need to be as careful as possible, trying not to damage the roots on the sides. The central root, which by this age will already grow to a depth of more than a meter, is cut off with a pruner or knife at a depth of forty centimeters. The remaining wound is covered with clay.

Seedlings are planted in compacted soil to such a depth that root collars raised above the soil level by three to four centimeters. The roots of the seedlings need to be well straightened to give them their former position (before digging). There is an opinion that a brick or flat stone should be installed under the center of the seedling root so that the roots of the future nut are powerful, but it is erroneous. Having installed the seedlings, the pits are covered with soil, after which the soil is compacted, watered and mulched, and excess branches are removed from the tree.

Graft

Growing a walnut, you always want to get a tree whose fruit performance will be good. However, most often, when propagated by seeds, seedlings do not retain the properties inherent in the mother variety, so new plants are usually grafted. Procurement of cuttings for grafting is carried out from young walnuts that are already bearing fruit. Since grafting is a very time-consuming task that requires certain knowledge, it is sometimes easier to purchase an already grafted seedling. The fruiting of a grafted tree begins at the age of 8-10 years, but if the crown is formed correctly and the care of the plant is good, then the first fruits appear already at the age of 4-5 years.

Usually it is a huge, by our standards, tree up to 25 meters it has a very indirect relation to Greece: the fruits were brought from the south, and "everything is in Greece." Surely, it also grows there, wild forms of this tree are common in Europe.

The tree looks impressive. A separately growing walnut not only differs in height - its crown also reaches a diameter of 20 meters.

By European standards, it is a long-liver (second after oak)- often there are specimens of 300-400-year-old trees.

The development of a tree begins with the formation of a powerful tap root, which reaches 1.5 meters deep in the 5th year and 3.5 meters by the age of 20.

Horizontal ones do not grow immediately - they are formed after the rod one, located in the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 20-50 centimeters.

The tree begins to bear fruit after 10 years of life., and from the age of 30-40, the time of full fruiting begins.

If the trees grow in groups, partially shading each other, they rarely produce more than 30 kg of yield, while a free-growing nut can produce up to 400 kg of nuts.

But such cases are rare, only a tree 150-170 years old is capable of such a harvest. Usually an adult tree 25-40 years old in Moldova gives 1500-2000 fruits or 2000-2500 in the Crimea.

Moscow region, central Russia - where else can you plant and grow walnuts

They are found in the European part from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg where the northernmost nuts in Russia grow. But these are isolated cases, exceptions that only confirm the rule.

These trees do not freeze out completely, but they do not grow to their full potential either.

The main factor determining the possibility of growing this southern tree, - not winter at all subzero temperature. The amount is taken into account average daily temperatures above 10 degrees. It cannot be less than 190 C.

If in winter the temperature does not drop below -36 degrees and for 130-140 days a year the temperature is above 0 C, the walnut can grow and bear fruit.

The best winter hardiness was shown by hybrids of Manchurian with walnut.

When planting even the best seed material brought from the south, adaptation to a cold climate does not occur - such trees regularly freeze slightly and practically do not bear fruit.

Completely unsuitable for growing varieties from places with a humid warm climate(west and south of Ukraine, Black Sea coast Caucasus).

Only nuts from eastern Ukraine, mountains successfully adapt to the new conditions of central Russia. Central Asia or Caucasus.

Moreover, it is better to grow a nut from the stone yourself- An imported seedling (even from the indicated regions) will be significantly inferior in terms of endurance and adaptability to new conditions.

Walnut is found in the European part of Russia from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg

How and when to plant and grow a tree from a seedling: conditions

It must be immediately planted in a permanent place.. It is unrealistic to transplant a 5-year-old tree already. Therefore, you need to decide to take into account all the factors and calculate the consequences.

A vigorous tree can form a dense shade over an area of approximately 100 sq.m. You will have to delete this area from circulation - there is little that can bear fruit under a walnut(affects the strong overwhelming effect of the biofield of a huge tree).

On the other hand, this area can be equipped summer zone recreation - essential oils nuts keep flies and mosquitoes close.

We choose a place for planting on the edge of the garden so as not to shade other trees. The walnut is very unpretentious to soils, although it prefers loose sandy-stony soil.

Walnut prefers loose sandy-stony soil, it should not be too fertile

The landing hole is dug with the expectation that under the roots there is a layer of stones of at least 25 centimeters.

Bottom landing pit must be half filled with construction debris(broken brick, pieces of cement, crushed stone) - this technique allows you to shift the flowering time of the tree by 1-2 weeks (the stones warm up slowly, the nut starts growing a little later, skipping the frost period).

Half a bucket of ash, compost or humus is brought into the pit. The soil should not be too fertile, the nut will grow intensively and will not have time to prepare for winter.

You need to take a seedling for planting only from a trusted seller, otherwise you won’t get anything except frostbitten branches of a southern tree, you probably won’t wait for the harvest.

A walnut tree is planted only in the spring, it enters a dormant period too early and will not have time to take root before winter.

It is believed that a walnut planted by hand from a bone will grow into a tree practically adapted to new conditions, which will develop successfully.

Seeds are planted in autumn directly into the ground to a depth of 7-10 cm.. It is advisable to lay sideways on the seam in the soil. Spring planting requires 2-3 months of stratification in wet sand.

Special care for seedlings is not required - in the middle lane even walnuts have no pests.

How to plant an annual walnut seedling:

Care after planting: spring, summer and autumn

How to care? Walnuts may only need watering in spring and early summer. when there is an intensive growth of green mass. Usually the tree has enough soil reserve of winter moisture.

Water only young trees up to 5-7 years old, if it is completely dry.

The tap root system of the southern tree is adapted to find water in the lower horizons. After 10 years of age, watering the walnut should generally be forgotten.

For him, excess moisture threatens too active growth., to the detriment of maturation and preparation of wood for winter. Freezing after a wet summer is guaranteed.

In addition to stopping watering, care must be taken to prepare the root system for winter. That's why, trunk circles must be mulched with any organic matter or compost:

in summer - to preserve moisture;
in autumn - to protect the topsoil from freezing.

In particularly cold areas, the soil is mulched with a layer of at least 10 cm, especially in areas with little snow.

It is useful to cover the trunk up to a height of about 1 m with spruce branches or wrap it with newspapers in several layers (already after the first frosts). This will help to survive -40 degrees and below.

Such shelter is necessary only in the first years.- the tree must be hardened naturally.

Walnut may need watering only in spring and early summer, when there is an intensive growth of green mass.

How to properly care during the growing process: before ripening and after

Like all fruit crops, walnuts need periodic feeding.

In the spring they bring nitrogen fertilizers, in the second half of summer - only potash and phosphorus, which are responsible for preparing the tree for winter and laying fruit buds for the next harvest.

On cultivated soil, nitrogen can not be fed at all, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers to make (in terms of the active substance) 10 g / sq.m.

Practice shows that the rule applies to all cases where the nut does not grow on obvious stones and clay.

What is especially pleasing - in the middle lane, the walnut has no natural enemies. It has already been said that flies and mosquitoes fly around it.

Moreover, walnut leaves can be cooked very effective remedy against aphids and various caterpillars, which is successfully used in Ukraine.

Absolutely harmless to humans home remedy allows you to process trees and bushes with ovaries of fruits and berries.

Graft

Unfortunately, walnut cuttings do not take root - reproduction occurs only by seeds.

Vaccination is carried out in cases where:

there is a seedling of probably winter-hardy Manchurian walnut, for which -40 in winter is not a problem;
the planted variety did not live up to expectations - it became possible to re-graft it.

One-year-old seedlings are grafted into a split and, under control, grow in a greenhouse to a marketable appearance.

Young trees that have already produced their first few nuts can be re-grafted by the type of "eye budding"- only the bark is removed with a kidney in the form of a half-pipe (the method is called so) and combined with the same cutout on the rootstock.

Until complete healing, the vaccination site is tied with a film.

The result of grafting an adult walnut tree:

Reproduction in the country

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.. To simplify the process, nuts without additional processing planted in autumn to a depth of about 10 centimeters. It is believed that it is better to lay them sideways on the seam.

Whoever did not have time to bury for the winter, put it in damp sand in the basement - the nut must go through stratification, otherwise it will not hatch.

Walnut is renewed by stump shoots in just a year or two. These trees are able to bear fruit literally in the second year, and in 10 - already a significant harvest.

The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.

It turns out that a walnut can be successfully planted and grown in a country house in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. It is enough to follow simple rules:

the right choice of location;
seedling - only zoned;
mandatory mulching of the trunk circle;
shelter trunk from frost in the first years of life.

All this is within the power of most gardeners.. Choose a sunny place, protected from cold winds - the nut will thank you.

Perhaps you are thinking about how to grow a walnut from a nut. A walnut tree can live up to 300 years, and all this time it does not require any special care. It gives extremely useful fruits, which are not only tasty, but also possess therapeutic effect, including walnut wood, its foliage and other parts of the plant. The root system is very powerful. It penetrates deep into the ground. The tree is light and moisture-loving. Prefers fertile soil where groundwater is located.

How to prepare seeds for planting

Planting a walnut at home is easy. The main thing is to choose the right fruits, that is, the nuts themselves. It is reproduction through such seeds that is the main method.

The germination of the nut is carried out only after a year. In order for the process to be positive, it is necessary to choose fruits that have a thin shell, as well as good taste. It is necessary to use only whole nuts on which there are no flaws. They can be collected both from branches and from the ground when they have already fallen from the tree.

The shell must have a good appearance. It should not have segments with damage, dots, spots and other defects. You can not use the fruits that are bought in the store, as they may be either spoiled, or unsuitable, or old in order to germinate them.

Walnut

It is recommended to remove the nut from the fruit. The shell is called the pericarp. It can not be removed, but in this case the germination process will be significantly slowed down. During cleaning, care must be taken that the inner skin is not damaged. Only need to be disconnected outer part. It is recommended to use rubber gloves or other protective equipment for hands, as in contact with the juice of the shell skin are starting to get dark.

When the nut is already completely cleaned, it is supposed to be lowered into a container of water. Fruits that have gradually fallen to the bottom of the container are suitable for planting, as the kernels in them remain intact.

Now you need to dry the seed. To do this, it is supposed to be laid out in one layer in a sunny place. After a couple of days, the fruits are recommended to be removed to a place under a canopy so that they dry out. Do not keep nuts that are selected for sprouting near heating appliances. If the seed is planned to be planted in the fall, then there is no need to dry it.

Planting seeds

You need to figure out when to plant a walnut. This can be done both in autumn and spring. In the first case, it is required to plant the seeds immediately in the place that will be permanent for the tree, since then it will not be possible to transplant it without damaging the root system.

The hole should be about 1 m deep and about 1 m in diameter. This is required to provide the necessary amount of nutrient compounds for the tree in the future. Nuts are supposed to be deepened by about 20 cm. You need to cover the seed with a mixture that includes humus and soil. It is necessary to lay the seeds so that the seam is located at the top. There are 3 nuts per hole, which are placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other. They must be laid out in the form of a triangle.

Then you need to sprinkle the hole and compact the soil. Of those seeds that have sprouted in the hole, choose only the strongest and best developed. Watering is supposed to be between May and July. On square meter 4 buckets of water are required. If the weather is rainy, then watering is not carried out. When summer comes to an end, then moisturizing should be stopped altogether.

Sprouts have appeared

If you want to grow a walnut in spring time, it is best to carry out the planting process in May. This is especially true for many regions in Russia, where winters are very cold. If in such areas a walnut is planted in autumn time, that is, the probability that the seed will freeze and not germinate. In the spring, a nut is supposed to be planted in May. Until this time, the seed should be kept in a cool place for stratification for 3-4 months. When planting nuts, the temperature should be approximately + 4 ... + 7ºС.

It is required to place the fruits in wet sand. Before this, the nuts must be held for some time in a container of water (the temperature should be at room temperature). Then they need to be deepened by 8 cm into the ground. After about 10 days, the first shoots will appear. By autumn, they will already grow by 15 cm. First, the shoots stretch upward, and only then they begin to gradually compact. If watered abundantly, then the length of the sprout will be longer, but at the same time it will be harder for him to endure winter.

It is necessary to decide where the walnut grows well. Be sure to choose the right place for planting so that the tree is comfortable. It prefers places with good lighting. The territory should be spacious, as the tree needs space for a spreading crown. Then the fruits themselves will ripen on all branches. Before next tree you need to leave at least 5 m, as the root system will be very powerful. You can not grow a walnut near the house or other buildings, as it will damage the foundation. If the soil is poor in content useful substances, then it needs to be fertilized. It is best to plant a tree from the southwestern or south side away from the building.

tree care

All work in the garden begins in the spring. If in the second half of March the temperature is not less than 4ºС, then it is recommended to trim the walnut for sanitary purposes, as well as to form a crown. If at this time, due to bad weather, it is still impossible to trim, then it is recommended to carry out this procedure for more later dates, but in any case before the sap flow begins.

In spring, the tree needs a lot of moisture. If there was little snow in winter, and spring was not rainy, then additional watering is required. In addition, it is necessary at this time to carry out prevention against various diseases and pests in order to grow a walnut tree strong and healthy. It is recommended to use a solution blue vitriol(3%). In addition, it is additionally necessary to whitewash the trunk with lime. In May, you need top dressing. At this time, it is recommended to make ammonium nitrate. A large tree relies on about 6 kg of this substance per year, this rule refers to those trees that are more than 3 years old. Those fertilizers that are laid when planting a seedling are enough for this time.

young trees

If the summer is dry and hot, then it is necessary to water the tree periodically. In the period from May to July, it is supposed to carry out watering 2 times a month. The soil after moistening should not be loosened, since this procedure this plant does not like it. But weeds must be removed so that they do not interfere with the tree. IN summer time walnuts can suffer from insect pests or fungal diseases, so it is very important to periodically inspect the plant so as not to miss the onset of the disease. As soon as the first symptoms appear, it is necessary to use preparations from the group of fungicides or insecticides.

IN last week In July, it is recommended to pinch those shoots whose growth needs to be accelerated. They must have time to form before the cold snap begins, otherwise winter time will die from frost. In addition, at this time it is supposed to carry out top dressing using fertilizers that contain potassium and phosphorus. In some varieties, the fruits ripen already at the end of summer. You need to be ready to harvest.

As for autumn, for almost all varieties of walnuts, this is the time to collect fruits. Usually it starts at the end of August and ends around the end of November. After harvesting, you need to put the garden in order. First, the tree is pruned for sanitary purposes, then it is necessary to collect all the foliage that has fallen, and shoots. Additionally, it is required to treat the tree from pests that could settle in its bark for the winter. In addition, agents against pathogenic bacteria are used.

At the same time, the preparation of the plant for wintering is necessarily carried out. Walnut is considered a plant that loves warmth. Some varieties are able to grow only in places where there is no cold in winter. But there are also varieties of trees that can withstand frosts down to -30ºС. mature tree can overwinter without additional shelter, but young plants that are not more than a year old need to be insulated. To do this, it is necessary to use burlap. In addition, mulch with manure helps.

Conclusion

If now we understand how to plant a walnut, it's time to start ...

Reproduction of a nut by seeds is one of the most popular ways in which it is important to choose a good fruit. How to grow a walnut so that the tree gives a good harvest, we will understand further.

Reproduction of nuts by seeds is one of the most popular and proven methods.

seed germination

How to choose and how to germinate a walnut:

The collection of nuts is carried out as they fall from the tree, you can knock them down.
For sowing, the gardener selects large fruits with a thin shell and excellent taste. They take whole nuts, on which there are no defects and cracks. Make sure that there are no spots or dots on the shell.
You should not use store-bought fruits, as they may be old and unsuitable for growing.
The pericarp is removed for faster germination. Peel the fruit carefully, without touching the inner peel.
Rubber gloves are used for convenience.
The peeled fruits are placed in a container with water. Those that have gone to the bottom are suitable for landing.
After cleaning, the fruits are dried in the sun and placed in the shade. Do not use heating equipment to dry seeds.

Landing

If you do not know how to plant a walnut from a seed, follow the advice of experts. Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in autumn or spring.

To grow a walnut tree that bears excellent fruit, planting rules will help:

Stratification should be carried out 3 months before disembarkation. Prepare wet sand and place nuts in it at a temperature not exceeding 7 ° C. After a week and a half, you can see a growing seedling.
Select the strongest seed from germinated.
It is important to lay the seeds strictly seam up. Approximately three fruits fit in the hole, which should be placed at a distance of 25 cm from each other. The main feature of the seed layout is the observance of geometric figures: three nuts are laid out in a triangle, and four in a square.
Fill the hole and tamp the resulting mound.

planting container

How to plant a walnut in a container:

For planting, a deep pot with drainage is suitable. The first container should have a diameter and depth of 30 cm. This will allow the root system of the tree to fit freely.
Each time you transplant, you need to select a new pot, the diameter of which will be 8 cm larger than the previous one.
The container should be placed in a room that is well lit by the sun. There should be no drafts or wind.
When flowers form, make the plant shelter from adverse external influences.
You can install the pot in greenhouse conditions. The tree does not like too dense soil, the soil should be slightly alkaline, very nutritious and loose.

growing at home

You can plant and grow a tree at home, but this process is laborious.

How to grow a nut from a fruit: the fruit should be grown in large pots, as this will protect the culture from severe frosts.

Large containers will provide the plant with the necessary useful components that it extracts from the soil. A nut grown in this way is of medium size. You should not expect a rich harvest from him. Small size and fruits of the tree. The taste of nuts directly depends on the care of the plant.

Care

When you have learned how to grow a walnut from seed, you need to take care of it. The worst enemy of a walnut is waterlogged or too dry soil. When there is too much moisture, the roots begin to rot and gradually die off.

Insufficient moisture threatens to stop the development of ovaries. On hot days, the amount of water should be increased. It may be necessary to wrap the pot with a damp cloth to cool the roots.

Fertilizers are left during the growing season, when the crop needs additional feeding.

Walnut during the growing season needs additional feeding

A tree planted correctly will grow healthy and bear fruit. Now you know how to plant a walnut from a fruit.

Instruction

For sowing, use fresh nuts from this year's harvest. The longer they are stored, the lower their germination will be. If you have the opportunity to collect the seeds yourself, choose ripe nuts that fall easily from the pericarp box and expose them to the sun for a day or two. You can dry the seeds in the shade.

If you're harvesting nuts in the fall, choose an area of slightly acidic or slightly alkaline soil. Acidic soil should be limed prior to sowing. The groundwater level on the site should be constant, but not high. Dig up the earth and make a groove in it eight centimeters deep.

Put the nuts in the groove on the edge at a distance of about forty centimeters from one another. The distance between rows should be at least a meter. Sprinkle the nuts with earth. In areas with little snowy winters, crops should be covered with grass or sawdust with a layer of ten to twenty centimeters.

In the spring, when the nuts begin to sprout, remove the pieces of sawdust, leaving a five-centimeter layer. Walnut seeds germinate unevenly, seedlings may appear even after a year.

Before spring planting, the nuts are kept for a period of one to three months in wet sand or sawdust. Seeds with a shell, the thickness of which is less than a millimeter, are best soaked in water, nuts with a thick skin are stratified according to all the rules.

Before putting nuts in sawdust or sand, soak them for two or three days in room temperature water, which will have to be changed every day. Place the soaked seeds in a container with wet sand or sawdust on edge, sprinkle with a substrate and put them in a room with a temperature of three to seven degrees. Once a month, the containers should be checked and, if necessary, the substrate should be moistened.

Nuts with a thin shell are stored at a temperature of one to five degrees in a dry place, and soaked in water at room temperature a month before planting. When the shells open, the seeds are laid on edge in a container with wet sawdust and germinated at a temperature of about twenty-five degrees.

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