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How to make a roof frame with your own hands. Roof assembly frame technology. Processing lumber with additional compounds

During the construction of any type of structure, very strict requirements are imposed on its load-bearing elements in relation to strength. The main bearing components are:

• foundation;
• walls;
• roof.

Let's take a closer look at how to make a roof frame with your own hands, and what installation methods are currently used and what are the options for saving on construction work.

Available certain types frames, and the choice of one of them depends entirely on the type of roof, what coating will be used and what the building is intended for.

What are the frameworks?

• wooden frames are a system rafter type, which is used to create roofs in the construction of residential buildings and is the most common type;
• metal frames. Frames of this type are mainly used in the construction of industrial structures, since their installation is very costly and involves huge volumes and areas;
• reinforced concrete frames are flat roof, the basis of the bearing type of which is made of plates.

Types of truss systems

Before you start building a roof frame with your own hands, you should decide on the type of your truss system, that is, which one you will use for yourself. The main purpose of the rafters in the construction of any type of pitched roof can be called a support. Rafters (rafter legs) are wooden beams with a section of 150 by 50 mm. Sheathing and roofing should be laid on the beams.

There are such types of frames for roofs, it all depends on the type of rafters:

• layered type;
• hanging type.

Any of these types can be used to build a private house, they differ only in that a Mauerlat is used as a support for a hanging type system. When you use layer-type rafters, then their part on top will rest on the main load-bearing wall, and not connect to each other.

To select any of the systems, the design and planning parameters of the structure should be taken into account. For example, when the distance between the walls of the bearing type for supports is less than 6 meters and 6 meters, it would be better to use a hanging type frame for the roof. For a distance of more than six meters between supporting walls it would be better to use a layered system and build additional intermediate walls, which will be located in the center of the structure. So, the rafters will not start to sag if the spans are too large. This condition can only be attributed to wooden frames; additional walls are not required for metal frames.

Installation Features

Roof installation can be carried out in two ways:

1. Use of ready farms. The finished trusses themselves are reinforced rafters, which are installed using racks, struts and puffs. Initially, it is necessary to assemble the entire supporting structure, which consists of the same parts, and then it is placed on the roof of an already built building box. This type of installation will take little time, but it will require lifting equipment, and this will entail additional and very high costs. Such an installation should be carried out for roofs that have long overhangs and do not have supports.
2. The second method is to assemble the entire frame directly on the roof of the building. This method is affordable and less expensive, but it will take much more time to complete it. The whole assembly process consists of several stages, but everything can be done by hand.

When designing a frame scheme for a roof, the following important factors must be considered:

• The whole structure must withstand loads of different magnitudes, which can include the mass of the roof itself and its other components, as well as the mass of snow in winter, gusts of wind, leaves in autumn and other moments;
• It is necessary to select a roofing coating based on the maximum level of water resistance, especially if you live in regions with higher humidity;
• Thermal insulation should be done with the smallest losses. To do this, it is necessary to mount the waterproofing correctly and correctly, as well as think about the vapor barrier and ventilation system of the space under the roof;
• The attic space must be ventilated. This makes it possible to prevent damage to the bearing-type parts of the entire structure, which will increase the period of operation of the structure itself.

Material selection

If you have a desire to learn how you can make a roof frame yourself, then you need to have certain materials and tools for this.

In order to complete all the work you will need to have the following:

• beams with a section of 150 to 50 per rafters;
• beams with a section of 100 by 100 for arranging a Mauerlat (for this it would be better to buy a tree conifers which was prepared in winter time and not having any flaws;
• slats with a section of 40 to 40 for arranging the crate;
• fastener studs used to fix the Mauerlat;
• for rafters, studs with a dimension of 8 and 10 mm;
• brackets and brackets;
• wood screws;
• planer, drill, hammer;
• level and file;
• gloves, tape measure;
• antiseptic for wood;
• flame retardants.

If you treat wood parts in the entire structure with special antiseptics, as well as when using fire retardants, the period of operation of the entire building increases and the level of flammability decreases, which minimizes the risk of fire.

assembling the frame with a gas gun

Advice

In many ways, installation is simplified and accelerated when using a gas gun. In this video, the roof frame is made very simply and quickly using modern equipment. If you build once, then you can rent such equipment.

For building a frame metal profile, then you will need other tools, but since the mass of materials and the level of complexity of execution does not make it possible to do such work on your own, it is better to build wooden frames.

Gable roof frame

After you have purchased everything the right materials, and also prepared the tool, processed wooden parts special formulations, then you can safely begin installation. Frame construction gable roof you need to start with the installation of the Mauerlat. This beam will serve as a distributor, and distribute the load from the rafters to the walls of the bearing type. Usually, the mauerlat is laid on a concrete base with inside bearing walls.

In order for the tree not to draw moisture from concrete pavement, and the coating itself after that did not crumble, it is necessary to lay roofing material under the bars in several layers. From the side of the outer wall, brickwork should be arranged to the place where the Mauerlat begins, and the Mauerlat itself is attached to concrete with studs and nuts.

Rafter system

After the base has been erected and strengthened, it is possible to carry out the construction of the frame, in other words, begin the installation of rafters.

Installation of rafters consists of the following steps:

• determine the pitch of the rafters. Usually, it is equal to 80-90 cm, and this corresponds to the dimensions of the crate bars;
• in order to fix the rafters, it is necessary to initially make holes in the Mauerlat;
• as a rule, the arrangement of the frame for roofs must be started from the gable of the entire building, in other words, from the end part. End-type rafters are installed on both sides of the roof, and then a cord is pulled from ridge to ridge. This lace will become an assistant when you expose elements in the gaps;
• all legs of the rafters should be fixed to the Mauerlat using steel brackets and staples. The legs of the rafters should go beyond the perimeter of the building by 40 centimeters. If you fail to build an overhang of the rafters, then you can build it up with the help of special filly bars that have a smaller section, fixing them on the rafters with nails;
• to fix the lower part of the legs of the rafters, use a harness that will rest on the Mauerlat. When the rafter is not long enough, you need to build it up by placing another overlapping beam on it. The overlap should be as large as possible, at least one meter, otherwise the roof will lose its rigidity;
• frames with spans of six meters cannot be installed without arranging puffs between the legs of the rafters. They are mounted between the supports of the rafters so that the design visually resembles the letter "A";
• after all the rafters are installed, they should be fixed exactly vertically. Here a ridge-type beam is used, placing it on top of the structure;
• And final stage this is a framing device. If you intend to use a soft-type roofing material, then you should make a solid-type sheathing from plywood or OSB boards, which have high moisture-resistant properties. If you are going to use such material for roofing as corrugated board, slate or metal tiles, then the crate is made of a transverse type. To increase the level of strength, a continuous crate is equipped near the skates, regardless of the type of coating.

Design features

It is clear how to equip a roof frame, but in order for the result of your work to please you for many years, some features should be taken into account during construction.

1. It is worth remembering that the step for installing the rafter legs and the selection of the section are interrelated quantities. In other words, if the section is smaller for beams of the bearing type, then the step is accordingly smaller. This should be remembered and known, and will be useful to you in the event that the dimensions of the materials do not correspond to the loads.
2. The rafters can be placed freely or loaded, that is, support the floor beam.
3. All nodes are connected and fastened to the maximum securely, this will help ensure additional level rigidity and at the same time it is worth using reinforcing type linings.
4. The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat by several methods. With the help of notches, it is possible to provide a much tighter fixation, and specialized sliding-type fasteners are great for log-type houses.
5. To protect the outer walls, the foundation and blind areas are perfect, the edges of the roof should go beyond the box by at least 40 cm, and in this case it is better to protect parts from the ends of the rafters with a wind (frontal) board.
6. When using hanging type rafters, it is worth remembering about the load that goes to the walls, so you should fasten the legs of the rafters with a puff. It can be a beam or a floor beam.
7. The step in the crate should be selected according to the parameters of the coating. Various types roof coverings differ in their ranges of use, depending on the level of inclination of the slopes.

Features of the construction of a gable type roof, and some tips on building a frame, you can see in the video:

features of the construction of the frame for a gable roof

One of the most important steps in the installation of a roof is the manufacture of a frame for the roof. If you make mistakes in the calculations and during its installation, it will not last long. In the construction of residential buildings, the frame for the roof is most often made of wood. Therefore, many private developers are interested in the question of how to make a reliable wooden frame roofs so that it stands for the maximum possible period of time.

In this article

Types of roof frame structures

It should be noted that the roof frame may differ depending on the roof structure used, for example:

1. Rafter type frame- made of lumber, intended for pitched roofs buildings.
2. Reinforced concrete frame- made from special floor slabs, designed for flat roof structures.
3. metal frame - made of iron beams, used for arranging the roofs of industrial buildings.
4. Timber frame- used in private housing construction for gable roofs.

Varieties of truss systems

Depending on the type of roof, frames can be equipped in different variations.

For the manufacture of a truss truss, a wooden beam with minimum cross section 15x5 cm. After fixing the individual components of the rafter structure to each other, fixing them on the house, a crate is attached to the frame.

The structure of the truss system is hanging, layered. Both options are used in private housing construction. Their main differences:

• In the case of the manufacture of a hanging system of rafters, the supporting beams rest against the Mauerlat, which is equipped around the perimeter of the house without finishing. It is fixed to the load-bearing walls of the structure, on the extreme masonry from above. Mauerlat is an ordinary bar made of wood with a section of 100x100 mm. Fixing the rafter legs on top of the farm is carried out with each other by a ridge beam.

• In the case of using a layered version, the rafters on top of the truss are not fixed to each other. Farms in this case rest on the columns, the longitudinal center wall of the structure.

When choosing a rafter system design option, the dimensions of the building are of great importance.

Need to understand! Hanging roof structures are used in the construction of roofs of buildings, the external load-bearing walls of which are located at a distance of up to 6 meters from each other. Layered systems can be built if this parameter exceeds 6 meters and there are supporting columns or a central longitudinal wall, which is a carrier.

Materials, tools for the manufacture of the frame

Before starting the construction of the roof frame, you need to select high-quality consumables. For the arrangement of the truss system, a wooden beam, edged board are used. It is recommended to use building material made from coniferous trees, as it contains natural resin, which acts as an antiseptic that prevents wood from rotting. Wooden bars for the manufacture of the frame must have a section of 15x15 cm, parameters edged board- 5x15 cm.

It must also be remembered that roof structure includes not only rafters - girders and racks are also equipped under them, including attic flooring, crate, counter-lattice. If the attic space will be used as a warehouse, and it is not planned to equip it in the future with a living space, then it is quite enough to cover the attic with 5x15 cm boards. But if the attic is to be equipped, then you need to use a bar with a section of 15x15 cm.

For the manufacture of lathing, counter-lattices, a bar with a section of 4x4 cm is perfect. This building material is able to withstand the load of any roofing structure.

Necessary construction tools

• Staples, brackets necessary for attaching to the support beam rafters.
• Special metal studs for reliable fixation of the Mauerlat (support beam).
• Additional fasteners - galvanized nails, studs, self-tapping screws.
• Yardstick.
• Plumb (building level).
• Saw on wood.
• Axe.
• Plane.
• Electric drill.
• Hammer.

Mauerlat installation rules

It must be understood that the mauerlat is the main supporting structure for both the roof frame itself and the entire roofing system. It is the Mauerlat that will fully accept external loads on the roof, distribute them evenly between the load-bearing walls of the building.

This provides an opportunity to significantly extend the operational period of the entire structure, because in the absence of such a beam, roof loads will be certain areas destroy walls. We can confidently say that Mauerlat is a key supporting component of any truss structure.

There is no need to equip the Mauerlat when logs, wooden beams are used as rafters, the extreme row of which performs these functions.

• The described supporting component of the truss system is mounted at the level of the walls from the inside. This makes it possible to significantly simplify further Finishing work inside the building.

• WITH outer side the supporting element is covered with a metal strip, brickwork. This makes it possible to protect lumber from the adverse effects of the natural environment.

• The top row of building blocks or brick laying requires the construction of a high-quality blind area made of concrete, which is subsequently covered with dense roofing material in several layers or with a bituminous mixture. The roofing material will not allow moisture absorbed by the walls of the building to enter the wooden support beam.

• The most reliable and simple option for attaching the Mauerlat to the load-bearing walls of the building with the help of specialized metal studs. IN building block, bricklaying, holes of a set diameter are made, then they are lowered into metal studs fasteners (they are made of ordinary metal fittings). Next, a support beam is superimposed on the inserted studs, holes are marked, which also need to be made in the beam. The length of the stud is taken such that the reinforcing bar, after installing the Mauerlat, protrudes beyond the timber by at least 1.5 cm.

• It is necessary to make a thread at the ends of the reinforcing bars for the final fixation of the support with nuts and washers.

The procedure for fixing the support can be significantly accelerated using a standard welding device.

Arrangement of the truss frame

Do-it-yourself roof frame should be made exclusively from dried building materials so that the wood does not subsequently deform.

• The truss structure should include two rafter legs, respectively, connecting ties to fix their lower part. To fix the screed to the rafter legs, bolts, anchor components are used. The required number of farms is attached to the Mauerlat. They are used for fastening simple technique, which is as follows. Grooves need to be made in the support correct form the appropriate amount. Further, with the help of simple manipulations, rafters are inserted into the cutouts made. The distance between the individual roof trusses is selected based on the exact parameters of the roof, based on the size of the building. As practice shows, the distance between the rafters is usually no more than one meter. It is worth noting that for some roof frames vertical rafters are used. Such elements are used for the arrangement of high roof structures with a vertical parameter of three meters or more.

• The wooden crate structure securely connects the components of the truss frame. But before its installation, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the trusses. For this, a ridge beam is provided at the top of the structure. A temporary strapping is performed from the bottom of the structure, and after installing the boards (slats) of the crate, it is removed. The lathing is of great importance not only for the installation of roofing, it is also necessary for the high-quality bonding of all structural elements in the manufacture of the roof frame.

• Lathing structures in their execution can be of a continuous or intermediate type. The batten option is selected depending on the building material used to cover the roof. An intermediate version of the crate is used when roofing sheet building materials act. In this case, the established distance is maintained between the slats.

• When using a soft roof to cover the roof of a house, the crate is made continuous, since only on such a base it is possible to lay roofing material at a high quality level, respectively, to provide the roof with a longer operational period. It is for soft tiles that the solid version of the crate is perfect, and on the intermediate crate structure soft roof will hang under the roof, as a result of poor-quality operation it will quickly fail.

Important to remember! Wood is a combustible material, exposed to the influence of insects, fungus. To provide reliable protection from such unfavorable factors wooden elements roof structures are pre-treated with special antiseptic agents. Flame retardants are used to prevent wood fires. All these measures will significantly increase the operational period of the roof frame.

Rafters and lathing - the roof frame that bears the brunt roofing cake, thermal insulation, snow load, so they must have a high bearing capacity, strength. The idea of ​​using metal rafters to make the roof structure more rigid is not new, but in the past it was mainly used to cover industrial or utility structures. Now the rafter frame and the metal profile crate are considered a real alternative to wooden roof elements if the slope length exceeds 10 meters.

The design of the roof truss frame consists of many interconnected elements that form trusses. The step, the size of the section between the rafters and other supports determines the calculation of the loads to which they are subjected during operation. The roof frame performs the following functions:

1. Load distribution. Interconnected nodes, reinforced with corners, evenly distribute the weight of the roof, which can reach up to 500-600 kg, taking into account the snow load. How larger section rafters and less step between them, the greater the bearing capacity of the structure.
2. Giving slope and shape. The rafters, located at an angle to the base of the roof, form an inclined plane of slopes, so that snow and water do not accumulate on the roof surface.
3. Formation of the base for fixation roofing material. The top coat of the roofing pie is fastened to the roof frame. The crate acts as a basis for fixing the coating, distributing its weight evenly over the rafters.

Note! What should be all the nodes, rafters and lathing of the roof structure determines the engineering calculation. To determine the required bearing capacity of the frame, it is necessary to calculate the total load to which it will be subjected. To do this, add up the weight of the roofing material, insulation, waterproofing, the maximum snow load with the weight of the truss system.

Types of truss systems

The most common material from which the crate and rafters of the roof frame are made is wood. However, if the weight of the roofing material is large enough, and the length of the slope is more than 6 meters, then the structure is too massive. Builders have to reduce the step between the rafter legs, increase their cross section, which is why the roof nodes become big weight, increasing the load on the foundation. You can unload the load-bearing walls and the base of the building using stronger, but lighter metal rafters. According to the type of material used the following types truss systems:

• Wooden. Rafters and lathing made of wood are used for the construction of roofs, the slope length of which does not exceed 7-10 meters. The frame elements are fastened together using self-tapping screws, nails or movable metal elements. The step between the legs is usually in the range of 50-80 cm.
• Metal. metal roof frames made of steel metal profile with zinc coating, which is not afraid of moisture. The rafters and the crate made of this material are light, durable, so the step between them can be increased to 1.5-2 meters. The fastening of the metal profile is carried out by welding or fasteners. Metal roof units are used with a slope length of 10 meters or more.
• Combined. Rafter frame, combining metal and wooden knots, is called combined. The combination of wooden and galvanized steel support elements allows for a cheaper structure with a high load-bearing capacity by increasing the spacing between the rafters.

Please note that metal and wooden frame elements cannot be connected to each other without a gasket made of waterproofing material or antiseptic treatment. Since the metal has a high thermal conductivity, its proximity to the tree leads to the formation of condensation and rotting of the rafters.

Fastening methods

Metal rafters are assembled into triangular, trapezoidal or arched trusses. Internal stiffeners are attached to the frame beams, which form corners that significantly increase the load-bearing capacity of the frame. Such a system allows you to take a step between the rafters more, taking into account the support capabilities of each truss. The fastening of the metal elements of the roof frame is performed by one of the following methods:

1. Fastening by welding. If you weld the details of the truss system using welding machine, you can get a rigid structure with high strength and load-bearing capacity. If you correctly calculate the roof, you can lighten the frame and reduce the load on the foundation of the structure. The disadvantage of this method is that only a professional with the help of special equipment can perform welding.
2. Fastening with bolts. Fixing the rafters with fasteners allows for less rigid fastening. This method of assembling a truss frame based on a metal profile is used in private housing construction, where the length of the slopes does not exceed 10 meters. Rejection of welding allows you to speed up the installation of the roof.

Experienced craftsmen rely on the fact that the rafters can withstand more weight than wooden ones, so you can increase the step between them and reduce the thickness of the section of the elements. Moreover, ready-made roof trusses are sold in hardware stores, the fastening of which was carried out by welding, suitable for overlapping buildings of standard width.

Advantages

The metal truss frame is used for the construction of roofs of any shape, any slope with a slope of 1-2 degrees. As the material from which the rafters and lathing are made, steel corners, pipes of round and rectangular section, brands. In order to correctly select the thickness of the frame elements and choose the step between them, the calculation of the roof structure is performed, taking into account the permanent and temporary loads that are transferred to the rafters during operation. The advantages of a truss system made of this material are:

• Fire safety. Unlike wooden beams, metal frame beams are not flammable, which increases the fire safety of the building.
• Ease of maintenance. Zinc galvanized coating, which covers the steel corners, protects the roof frame from corrosion during the entire service life. They, unlike wooden ones, do not require annual antiseptic treatment.
• Zero waste. Although metal constructions are quite expensive, it is considered cost-effective, since the fastening is carried out by a welded method, and there is practically no waste left.
• Long service life. If you correctly calculate the loads, then the metal roof frame will last more than 100 years, which exceeds the life of even the most stable roofing.

Professional roofers believe that it is advisable to use welded metal structures for the manufacture of a roof truss frame with a slope length of 10-12 meters. Wherein the main task- correctly calculate the loads, and then determine the step between the legs in accordance with the climatic characteristics and properties of the roofing material.

Flaws

Despite the obvious advantages, metal truss systems are not the most popular constructive solution in private housing. Even a large step between the rafters and a sparse crate with high cost metal cannot make a structure cheaper than wood. disadvantages metal rafters consider:

1. High thermal conductivity. The metal has a high coefficient of thermal conductivity, so the rafters and form bridges are cold. From the point of view of energy efficiency, a metal profile frame is not the best solution.
2. Difficulty in transportation and installation. When choosing a metal rafter system, take into account that transporting, lifting and securing long and heavy elements is more difficult than standard length lumber rafters.
3. Difficulty of installation. For lifting to a height and fixing trusses, it is used special equipment which is expensive to rent or buy.
4. Deformation under high temperature. Although metal is considered a non-combustible material, during a fire it is highly deformed, which usually leads to the collapse of the roof.

To determine whether it makes sense to use more expensive metal profile truss elements, you need to calculate the roof frame. If the slope length exceeds 10 meters, and the load is more than 450-600 kg, then the installation metal frame economically viable.

Video instruction

Any type of construction first of all needs reliable and high-quality supporting structures, which include the foundation, the frame of the house and the supporting frame of the roof. It is these building elements and their arrangement that are responsible for the final quality and reliability of the entire construction of the house. Among the described elements Special attention it is worth paying a load-bearing frame of the roof, with which you can make an extremely high-quality roof of the house.

The frame of the house and the roof is an important element in the construction of any building. However, the roof experiences the greatest loads (snow, rain, wind), so it must be of high quality and reliable.

Varieties of frame structures

It is immediately worth recalling that the roof frame can have several basic types, which depend on the design features of the roof:

• rafter-type frame structure, which is made of lumber and is ideal for pitched roof systems of houses;
• metal roof frame made of beams and designed for industrial-type houses;
• a concrete-type frame made of special slabs and used in the construction of flat roof systems of houses.

The roof frame made of lumber is most often used in the construction of a private house and the organization of gable roofing systems. The other two types of frame structures are of no interest to private construction, which makes them irrelevant in this article.

Rafter frame system and its types

Before the beginning construction works associated with the organization of the frame system of houses, it is necessary to choose the correct type and device of the truss type structure. The entire load-bearing capacity of such a frame system of houses is transferred to roof trusses, which are most often called simply rafters. To organize a truss truss, a wooden beam is used, the cross section of which should not be less than 150x50 millimeters. It is on these trusses that the further fastening of the roof lathing system takes place.

In such cases, a layered system is required with a ready-made central bearing wall or metal columns of the supporting type. It is this feature that will allow organizing a high-quality roof frame, which will not sag over time under its own weight, as well as the weight of the roofing material.

Optimal building materials for the frame

In the case when the master decides to make the roof frame his own with my own hands, he needs to understand the basic elements of the construction process, as well as to know the availability of all the required tools and building materials that may be required for this case. So, to organize a high-quality and extremely reliable frame of the roofing system with your own hands, you will need to have:

To build a house, it is necessary to choose high-quality lumber, without damage - cracks, knots, blue and stains.

• wooden beam with a section of 15x5 centimeters, which will be used for the construction of roof trusses;
• wooden beam 10x10 centimeters, which will be required for the manufacture of Mauerlat;
• boards for the batten system, which is selected depending on the roofing material used;
• various Consumables, which are needed for fastening the Mauerlat and the entire truss system.

Of the construction tools, the master will need a hammer, saw, electric drill, tape measure, ax and a plumb line. In other words, no special-purpose tools are required for this type of DIY construction, making the construction process extremely simple and economical. Special attention should be paid to the acquisition of extremely quality wood, which is the key to the quality and durability of everything load-bearing frame roofs.

All lumber must be treated with special impregnations that affect the durability and quality of the supporting frame, the device of which was described above. As a rule, such substances protect the tree from decay, as well as from harmful insects that can spoil the wood in an extremely short time.

In other words, do-it-yourself processing of used lumber is an integral part of the construction process. Profile metal roof frames require the use of completely different materials and tools, but the use of such structures in private construction can be considered irrelevant.

Correct installation of the Mauerlat

It is worth recalling that Mauerlat is the main supporting structure not only the future frame, but the entire roof as a whole. It is this element of construction that takes on all the roofing loads with its own hands, evenly distributing such loads on the load-bearing walls of the house.

This allows you to increase the life of the entire building, because in the absence of such a bar, the load of the roof will destroy the walls in certain places. It is safe to say that the Mauerlat is the main supporting element of all known truss systems.

This support element is not required only during construction wooden houses, in which the final row of logs or beams is used as a Mauerlat. The described supporting element must be mounted flush with the inside of the load-bearing walls, which will simplify the finishing work of the internal type.

From the outside, the Mauerlat must be closed brickwork or a strip of metal, which will protect the lumber from exposure environment. The top row of brick or block masonry needs quality concrete blind area, which is covered with several dense layers of roofing material or bituminous mortar.

The roofing material is needed so that all the moisture in the walls stops in front of the support beam, which can suffer from an excess of moisture, as evidenced by its device. The simplest and most reliable way to attach the support beam to the walls of the house can be considered the use of peculiar metal studs, which will connect the Mauerlat and the load-bearing walls.

Holes of the required diameter are drilled in the masonry, into which prepared metal studs are lowered, made of simple steel reinforcement. By attaching the prepared support beam to such studs, you can mark the places for drilling holes.

The length of the studs should be such that after mounting the Mauerlat, the reinforcement protrudes beyond the beam by at least 1.5 centimeters. At the ends of the reinforcement, it is necessary to make a thread, which will be required for the final fixing of the support beam with your own hands using extremely wide washers and nuts. This process of fastening the support bar can be simplified and done with a simple welding machine, which is used to weld a metal bar or washer to the bars.

truss type system

The organization of the truss system is the next stage in the construction of the supporting frame of the roof of the house. To make roof trusses with your own hands, you need to prepare dry lumber that will not succumb to deformation during operation.

The truss consists of two rafter legs and a lower tie, which is attached to the legs with bolts or anchor elements, which can be easily made only with your own hands. Each finished truss truss must be installed and secured to a support beam, which is extremely easy to make.

To do this, in the Mauerlat you need to do right amount grooves right size, into which the rafters will be inserted, which are not difficult to assemble. The step between the roof trusses depends on the final size of the roof structure of the house, but most often such a step should be done no more than 1 m. In some roof structures may require the use of vertical rafters. As a rule, this applies only to those roofs whose height exceeds three meters.

Wooden purlin system is ideal binding element frame structure, but before organizing such a system, it is necessary to take care of the stability installed rafters. To do this, they are fixed in their upper part with the help of a ridge beam, and a temporary strapping is made along the lower part, which is dismantled after the crate system is organized. The crate can be safely considered extremely important element the frame structure of the roof of the house, because it is on this element that the reliability of fixing the roofing material depends.

The step of the crate depends on the angle of the roof and the material with which it will subsequently be covered.

The truss system is divided into two main types: solid and intermediate, and right choice depends only on the choice of the roofing material itself. All sheet and dense materials roof type require an intermediate crate, which is performed with a certain step between the boards or bars.

All roofing materials of soft or roll type need a solid type crate, which is necessary for quality installation and exploitation of the material. Eg, soft tiles cannot be mounted on an intermediate crate, because this will be the result of sagging and damage to the roofing material.

Materials such as slate, metal tiles or galvanized sheets can be mounted on an intermediate crate, the spacing between the elements of which depends on the roofing material used. For example, metal tiles require fastening in certain places, which indicates correct location elements of the crate system. It is most correct before organizing the crate to make miscalculations that will allow you to organize correct design the entire frame.

Processing lumber with additional compounds

As mentioned above, any lumber must be protected from moisture, insects and fire. To do this, it is worth using solutions such as antiseptic and antipyretic. The second composition allows you to increase the protective qualities of wood, which are associated with resistance to high temperatures. Antiseptics are able to protect wood from moisture, decay and harmful insects.

Processing of all lumber is carried out before installation, which allows you to process the entire surface of the board or timber. In this way, you can count on increasing the life of the wooden supporting frame of the roof of the house.

High demands are always placed on load-bearing parts. The main load-bearing elements are the walls, foundation and roof.

The roof frame plays a very important role. After all, it depends on him how long the roof will last.

The construction of the truss system very often causes difficulties for novice craftsmen. This article will help you make a roof frame with your own hands.

There are several types of truss system. The choice of one or another type depends on the purpose of the building, the nature of the coating and the type of roof.

The roof frame can be:

• Metallic. Such a truss system, as a rule, is designed in industrial construction. This is primarily due to high costs. Also, the construction of a metal frame involves large areas and volumes;
• Wooden. This type of frame is used in the construction of residential buildings with pitched roofs. Is the most common type;
• From reinforced concrete slabs. They serve as a supporting base in the construction of a flat roof.

Before you start constructing a roof frame with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of truss system. To play the role of a support is the main purpose of any truss system.

Rafter legs or rafters are wooden bars having a cross section of 150 × 50 millimeters. From above, a crate is attached to them, and then - roofing material.

There are two types of roof frames: layered and hanging. They differ from each other in the way the rafters are connected. Both of these types are used in the construction of private houses. They differ in that a Mauerlat is used in a hanging rafter system - a longitudinal beam with a section of 100X100 mm.

The top should rest on the center bearing wall rather than connecting with each other.

The design and planning characteristics of the building under construction play an important role in choosing the type of truss system.

It is advisable to use a layered truss system if the distance between the supporting walls is too large. In this case, an “intermediate” wall is erected in the center of the building, which acts as an additional support. As a result, the rafters will not sag.

Otherwise, a hanging truss system is usually used. But if the roof frame is made of metal, then additional walls are not needed.

Mounting Features

When designing a truss system, the following points should be considered:

1. If in a residential area humid climate, then it is better to choose a roofing material that has the best water resistance;
2. Ventilation is required attic space. If this is not done, then after a while the supporting structural elements will fail;
3. The design must withstand not only the own weight of the roof with its elements. It must withstand a layer of snow, fallen leaves, and also withstand the pressure created by the wind;

Necessary materials and tools

When constructing a roof frame with your own hands, you will need:

• Hammer;
• Drill;
• Plane;
• Level;
• Saw;
• Self-tapping screws for wood;
• Roulette;
• Gloves;
• brackets;
• flame retardants;
• Staples;
• Antiseptics for wood;
• A bar with a section of 150 × 50 mm (for rafters);
• Studs 8 mm and 10 mm (for rafters);
• A bar with a section of 100 × 100 mm (for Mauerlat);
• Mounting studs (for Mauerlat);
• Reiki with a section of 40 × 40 mm (for crates).

Wooden structural elements must be treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant. This will extend the life of the structure, as well as reduce the risk of fire to a minimum.

Roof frame with two slopes

You need to start mounting the frame after:

• all tools are prepared;
• purchased the necessary materials;
• processed wooden elements with antiseptics and flame retardants.

Mauerlat laying is initial stage construction of a gable roof frame. distributes and transfers the load from the rafters to the load-bearing walls.

It is important to note that wood can draw moisture out of concrete base, after which it will crumble. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to lay roofing material under the bars in several layers.

The device of the truss system

Installation of the truss system includes the following steps:

• Determine the distance between the rafter legs. It is usually 80 - 90 centimeters. This distance corresponds to the dimensions of the crate;
• We make holes in the Mauerlat to fix the rafters;
• The construction of the roof frame usually begins with the gable of the building. It is necessary to install end rafters from both edges of the roof. After that, we stretch the cord between their skates. This cord will help line up the intermediate elements;
• We fix all the rafter legs on the Mauerlat with steel brackets and brackets. The protrusion of the rafters over the perimeter of the building should be approximately 40 centimeters.
• To fix the lower part of the rafters, you must use the strapping, which is based on the Mauerlat. If the rafter is not long enough, then it needs to be increased. To do this, put another beam on the rafter with an overlap of at least 100 centimeters. Such a large overlap is needed so that the roof does not lose its rigidity;
• It is necessary to install additional puffs between the rafter legs if the roof frame has a six-meter span. They are fixed between the supporting rafters;
• After the installation of all rafters has been completed, we proceed to fixing the rafters in a strictly vertical position. For these purposes, a ridge beam is used. It is attached to the top of the roof frame;
• When using soft roofing materials, you need to make a continuous crate. To do this, use moisture-resistant plywood or OSB - plates. If the roof is made of metal tiles, slate, corrugated board, then the crate should be thinned out. To increase the strength of the roof, regardless of the roofing material used, a continuous crate is made near the ridge part.

Features of the construction of the roof frame