How to plant a walnut. How to grow walnuts at home? Planting a walnut seedling
Foreword
Planting a walnut in the fall is a simple and rather interesting process. But despite all the simplicity, the cultivation of trees during this period has its own subtleties. Only by studying them will it be possible to plant and grow a healthy plant.
Autumn is the perfect time to plant Walnut from the fetus. It is at this time that ripe nuts fall to the ground. You will be required to select the best fruits and properly prepare them.
So, as soon as you harvest, you need to set aside the strongest and largest nuts for planting. The shell of each selected nut should not be damaged. It is also worth paying attention to whether the green peel is easily separated from the shell. If it does not stick, then this fruit is suitable for further landing. Do not immediately throw away waste, as. In the future, it can be used to prepare tinctures and useful potions.
sprouted walnut
After harvesting the fruits, you can begin to prepare them for planting. To do this, put the nuts in a container, pour them wet fine sand and refer to dark room with high air humidity. It is important that there are no drafts in the room. The optimum storage temperature will be between 0-5 °C. Many gardeners germinate fruits on the shelf of the refrigerator or in the cellar.
Every week, the fruit container must be checked. Nuts need to be ventilated, leaving under an open window for 2 hours. The sand in the tank will need to be moistened.
In order for the fruits to germinate faster, they need to be cleaned of the pericarp. This can be done 2 weeks after collection. Peel the fruit very carefully, without damaging the inner shell of the fruit. A damaged nut usually does not germinate or develops into a diseased plant.
Immediately before planting in late autumn, all fruits must be poured into a bucket of water. Those nuts that remain on the surface should be thrown away immediately. And those that sank to the bottom can be confidently planted in the soil.
Planting a walnut
For planting fruits, you need to select a site with moderately moist soil. The plant will not germinate in places with a high occurrence ground water. Also, do not plant the fruit next to the bath or garden house- walnuts have very powerful roots that can destroy the foundation of a building.
For planting, it is best to choose loamy soil. If necessary, the soil must be strengthened organic fertilizers. To do this, you need to dig a hole at least one meter deep. The excavated earth must be prepared using the following additives:
- 1 bucket of fresh manure;
- a glass of ash;
- half a bucket of humus;
- 100 g of superphosphate.
Stir and pour the mixture back into the pit. In the future, you should not feed the earth, as this may reduce the fertility of the tree.
In loosened soil, you need to make a hole 15 cm deep. During planting, in no case should you put the fruit with the tip up. A tree planted in this way will bear fruit much later. It is best to arrange the walnut fruit flat. Planting one fruit in a hole is also not worth it. It is best to put 4-5 fruits inside, and subsequently choose the strongest and healthiest of the sprouted seedlings.
Often watering the planted fruit is not necessary. Watering twice a month at the rate of 5 buckets per 1 m² will be optimal. In principle, a growing seedling can be watered more often. So he will grow faster, but it will be much more difficult for him to endure winter frosts.
The first fruits on the tree will appear 7–15 years after planting, it all depends on the variety of the nut. However, a grown tree will delight more than one generation of your family with its fruits for a long time, because life expectancy walnuts is over 300 years old.
If your garden does not have a mature walnut tree, then this crop can be planted as a seedling. Before work, you need to purchase a tree. As practice shows, it is best to buy seedlings on the market. Among the variety presented to you, you need to choose only the strongest tree, in which there are no flaws in the upper part of the bark. Special attention it is worth paying attention to the state of the roots. The seedling must have a clear and strong tap root. Such a tree will easily take root in your garden and over time will give good harvest.
walnut seedlings
After buying a seedling, it can be planted in the ground. As practice shows, not all gardeners can cope with this. Before planting a walnut, you need to prepare the soil. First you need to dig a fairly deep hole. The excavated land will need to be fertilized. We take a large amount of a mixture of manure and ash, add 50 g of superphosphate to the mixture. After preparing the soil at the bottom of the pit, we pour drainage from broken bricks or small stones. Then we cut the main core of the root system of the seedling, pour a small layer of prepared soil on top of the drainage, and put a tree on top of it.
After filling the hole with the seedling with earth, a large amount of water should be poured into the landing site. It is best if the liquid is warm. In order for the roots to take root faster, the covered earth must be tamped.
Caring for a planted tree or fruit is not difficult. In most regions of Russia in the fall heavy rains so the plant does not need to be watered often. The seedling should be well lit. This should be taken into account when choosing a landing site. Do not forget that with the onset of the first frosts, the lower part of the tree will need to be wrapped with a film, otherwise the plant will freeze.
After planting throughout the life of the plant, you need to ensure that it does not get sick. Among the most dangerous gardeners distinguish bacteriosis. This disease is actively developing in spring period. The main symptoms of the disease are dark spots on leaves, fruits and inflorescences of the plant. As a result of this, the bark of the tree becomes brown, and young branches die off completely. The causative agent of this disease lives in the buds and leaves of the plant. To prevent the appearance of bacteriosis, the tree is treated with a solution of 5 liters of water, 20 g Bordeaux liquid and 50 g of urea. Processing should be done two weeks before and two weeks after flowering.
Bacteriosis on the fetus
Other dangerous disease- root cancer. He penetrates into root system through wounds and cracks in the plant. Convex growths appear in the affected areas. If the tree has undergone a severe infection, then it may cease to bear fruit and eventually die. As soon as you find the first symptoms of the disease, the growths on the pole must be removed immediately. After that you need to remove upper layer soil and treat the roots with caustic soda. In the end, you will need to thoroughly rinse the roots with warm clean water.
Another dangerous disease of walnuts are bacterial burns. Symptoms of this disease include watery spots on the petioles and leaves of the tree. If the plant is left untreated, the spots will turn black over time. This disease affects not only mature trees, but also young seedlings. Well-marked ulcers form on their stems. If you have not noticed the main signs of the disease on the tree, then you should take a close look at the fruits of the nut. If your tree is infected, then black spots will appear on the peel of its fruits, similar to rot.
To overcome diseases, it is best to use copper-based preparations. Among the most powerful funds in terms of composition, it is worth highlighting "Impact", "Byleton" And "Shavit". Despite their effectiveness, do not forget that these drugs are very toxic. They should be applied no later than a month before the flowering of walnuts. However, even they do not always help to protect plants from extinction. If the tree is heavily infected, then it is cut down. The stump of the remaining plant must be uprooted. Infected fruits are best burned.
Reproduction of a nut by seeds is one of the most popular ways in which it is important to choose a good fruit. How to grow a walnut so that the tree gives a good harvest, we will understand further.
Reproduction of nuts by seeds is one of the most popular and proven methods.
seed germination
How to choose and how to germinate a walnut:
- The collection of nuts is carried out as they fall from the tree, you can knock them down.
- For sowing, the gardener selects large fruits with a thin shell and excellent taste. They take whole nuts, on which there are no defects and cracks. Make sure that there are no spots or dots on the shell.
- You should not use store-bought fruits, as they may be old and unsuitable for growing.
- The pericarp is removed for faster germination. Peel the fruit carefully, without touching the inner peel.
- Rubber gloves are used for convenience.
- The peeled fruits are placed in a container with water. Those that have gone to the bottom are suitable for landing.
- After cleaning, the fruits are dried in the sun and placed in the shade. Do not use heating equipment to dry seeds.
If you do not know how to plant a walnut from a seed, follow the advice of experts. Planting seeds in open ground is carried out in autumn or spring.
Planting a nut in the fall is carried out on a regular territory, because during transplantation there is a risk of damaging the roots and destroying the plant. The diameter of the hole is about 1 m. The seeds need to be deepened by 20 cm and sprinkled with soil mixed with humus.
To grow a walnut tree that bears excellent fruit, planting rules will help:
- Stratification should be carried out 3 months before disembarkation. Prepare wet sand and place nuts in it at a temperature not exceeding 7 ° C. After a week and a half, you can see a growing seedling.
- Select the strongest seed from germinated.
- It is important to lay the seeds strictly seam up. Approximately three fruits fit in the hole, which should be placed at a distance of 25 cm from each other. main feature laying out seeds is the observance geometric shapes: three nuts are laid out in a triangle, and four in a square.
- Fill the hole and tamp the resulting mound.
planting container
How to plant a walnut in a container:
- For planting, a deep pot with drainage is suitable. The first container should have a diameter and depth of 30 cm. This will allow the root system of the tree to fit freely.
- Each time you transplant, you need to select a new pot, the diameter of which will be 8 cm larger than the previous one.
- The container should be placed in a room that is well lit by the sun. There should be no drafts or wind.
- When flowers form, make the plant shelter from adverse external influences.
- You can install the pot in greenhouse conditions. The tree does not like too dense soil, the soil should be slightly alkaline, very nutritious and loose.
growing at home
You can plant and grow a tree at home, but this process is laborious.
How to grow a nut from a fruit: the fruit should be grown in large pots, because this will save the culture from severe frosts.
Large containers will provide the plant with the necessary useful components that it extracts from the soil. A nut grown in this way is of medium size. You should not expect a rich harvest from him. small size and the fruit of the tree. The taste of nuts directly depends on the care of the plant.
When you have learned how to grow a walnut from seed, you need to take care of it. Worst enemy walnut - waterlogged or too dry soil. When there is too much moisture, the roots begin to rot and gradually die off.
Insufficient moisture threatens to stop the development of ovaries. On hot days, the amount of water should be increased. It may be necessary to wrap the pot with a damp cloth to cool the roots.
In order to protect the plant from freezing, you need to bring it into the room or cover it with burlap. By a similar method, the culture is preserved from birds. If you started growing walnuts at home, then you should mulch the soil with peat in the spring, you can use manure, moss. A walnut rarely gets sick, but if spots appear on its foliage, then you need to treat it with a special liquid.
Fertilizers are left during the growing season, when the crop needs additional feeding.
Walnut during the growing season needs additional feeding
Transplantation is carried out in the fall. To do this, the tree is taken out of the pot and one tenth of the root system is cut off. The elevated area also needs pruning. A transplant is needed in order for the nut to reach its final size. A tree that has taken root in a tub can be given any shape.
Do not forget the first years of the plant's life to carry out crown molding along with the removal of part of the flowers. This will prevent abundant fruiting. In summer, thin, weak shoots should be removed.
A tree planted correctly will grow healthy and bear fruit. Now you know how to plant a walnut from a fruit.
Walnut is a long-lived plant. There are trees that are over 300 years old. The plant loves light and moisture, so it grows best in well-drained soils with moderate moisture, in which there is a small constant level of groundwater. The root system of the walnut is very powerful and penetrates deep into the soil.
Climate
There are many frost-resistant varieties of walnuts, so cultivation is carried out even in the northern latitudes of Russia and Siberia. Known cases successful cultivation in the Moscow region and even the Urals. One of the most popular varieties- "Ideal". As an alternative, walnut hybrids with gray or Manchurian walnuts can be considered.
Of course, in warm regions, the choice of varieties is much wider.
For growing walnuts in northern latitudes, see the following video.
Walnut trees can be propagated in several ways:
- Seeds.
- seedlings.
Selecting a landing site
When choosing a place to plant a nut, keep in mind that the tree will be sprawling and tall. It is important that in the future it does not interfere with buildings or other trees.
In general, planting a nut next to any structure is undesirable, because this plant has a fairly strong root system. When it grows, it will damage the foundation.
Shrubs should be planted next to walnut seedlings. In the first years of growth, the tree will not interfere with their fruiting. And after 6-9 years, when the nut becomes quite large, the shrubs are easily removed.
Seed Choice
Propagation by seeds is the main method of planting a nut. Germination of walnut seeds is one year. For sowing, large fruits are selected, which have a tasty kernel and a thin shell.
You need to collect nuts that have just fallen from a tree, or even better - knock them down yourself. Only ripe and undamaged nuts are selected for seeds.
There should be no visible damage, stains or other defects on their shell. It is not recommended to plant store-bought nuts as their freshness is unknown.
cleaning
Nuts can not be peeled from the outer layer (pericarp), but peeled fruits germinate much faster. Peel the nuts carefully so that only the outer shell is separated, and the inner shell remains intact.
Peeled nuts should be lowered into a bucket filled with water. For planting, select sunken fruits, as they have a solid core, so such nuts are more likely to give good sprouts.
Drying
After cleaning from the outer green shell, the fruits are laid out in one layer to dry in the sun, and then (after 1-2 days) they are removed to dry in the shade. It is not recommended to dry fruits that will be used for planting in the future near heating devices. If you are going to plant walnut fruits in the fall, you can not dry them at all, but immediately sow them in the chosen place. Such seeds will sprout next year in May.
Planting in Autumn
In a walnut seedling, a central tap root is formed, which grows to a great depth. And therefore, the fruits should be sown immediately in a permanent place, since a transplant can injure this root.
The depth and diameter of the pits for walnut seeds should be up to one meter. This depth is required to provide the future tree with a supply of nutrients. Seeds are planted in pits to a depth of 15-20 centimeters. The soil selected from the pits is mixed with humus and returned back.
Nuts are laid on the bottom with a seam up, and not with a point, otherwise the tree will begin to bear fruit later.
Three or four fruits are placed in each hole, placing them from each other at a distance of 20-25 centimeters (fruits are planted in a triangle or square). The pit is filled up with the formation of a mound in the middle, and then the soil is compacted. Among the seedlings that have grown, choose the strongest. Seedlings grown from seeds should be properly cut. It is necessary to water young walnut trees from May to July twice a month with the expectation of four buckets of water per 1 m2. Watering is postponed in rainy weather, and stops in August.
spring
Seeds that will be planted in May should be stored in a cool place, and about 3-4 months before planting, they are stratified. It provides for laying nuts at +4 + 7 degrees in wet sand. Before laying nuts in the sand, they can be briefly held in glassware filled with water (water temperature - room temperature).
Seeds are sown in open ground in May. Planting depth is within 7-9 centimeters. The first shoots appear in about ten days. By autumn, their height is approximately 10-15 centimeters. First, shoots grow upward, and then their trunks begin to thicken. If you water them abundantly in summer, then the plants can grow higher, but in this case they winter worse.
How to germinate a walnut at home
You can grow walnut seedlings at home in 500 ml plastic cups. The bottom of the glasses is pierced to remove excess moisture. The containers are filled with garden soil, and the nuts are laid to a depth of 5 centimeters. Having covered them with earth from above, watering is carried out and the glasses are sent to the balcony or to the basement. By the beginning of February, they are transferred to the house, watered abundantly and put on the windowsill.
Shoots in such glasses appear 2-3 weeks after returning to the house. When the plants reach a height of 10 cm (usually after a month), they are transplanted into larger containers, for example, cut into 1.5-2-liter bottles. After sending these containers back to the windowsill, the plants are watered in a timely manner, as they require moderately moist soil.
In April, when the daytime temperature rises to +15 degrees, the plants can be transferred to a glazed balcony for hardening before planting in the soil at the end of May. At this time, there is no longer a risk of frost, and the seedlings reach a height of 20-25 centimeters. At the same time, we note that nuts planted in the ground in autumn only begin to germinate in May, and reach a height of 10-20 centimeters only by autumn.
Reproduction by seedlings
With this cultivation, seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place at the age of 2 in the spring. When digging, you need to be as careful as possible, trying not to damage the roots on the sides. The central root, which by this age will already grow to a depth of more than a meter, is cut off with a pruner or knife at a depth of forty centimeters. The remaining wound is covered with clay.
Seedlings are laid in compacted soil to such a depth that the root collars rise three to four centimeters above the soil level. The roots of the seedlings need to be well straightened to give them their former position (before digging). There is an opinion that a brick or flat stone should be installed under the center of the seedling root so that the roots of the future nut are powerful, but it is erroneous. Having installed the seedlings, the pits are covered with soil, after which the soil is compacted, watered and mulched, and excess branches are removed from the tree.
Graft
Growing a walnut, you always want to get a tree whose fruit performance will be good. However, most often, when propagated by seeds, seedlings do not retain the properties inherent in the mother variety, so new plants are usually grafted. Preparation of cuttings for grafting is carried out from young walnuts, which are already bearing fruit. Since grafting is a very time-consuming task that requires certain knowledge, it is sometimes easier to purchase an already grafted seedling. The fruiting of a grafted tree begins at the age of 8-10 years, but if the crown is formed correctly and the care of the plant is good, then the first fruits appear already at the age of 4-5 years.
Usually it is a huge, by our standards, tree up to 25 meters it has a very indirect relation to Greece: the fruits were brought from the south, and "everything is in Greece." Surely, it also grows there, wild forms of this tree are common in Europe.
The tree looks impressive. A separately growing walnut not only differs in height - its crown also reaches a diameter of 20 meters.
By European standards, it is a long-liver (second after oak)- often there are specimens of 300-400-year-old trees.
The development of a tree begins with the formation of a powerful tap root, which reaches 1.5 meters deep in the 5th year and 3.5 meters by the age of 20.
Horizontal ones do not grow immediately - they are formed after the rod one, located in the surface layer of the soil at a depth of 20-50 centimeters.
The tree begins to bear fruit after 10 years of life., and from the age of 30-40, the time of full fruiting comes.
If the trees grow in groups, partially shading each other, they rarely produce more than 30 kg of yield, while a free-growing nut can produce up to 400 kg of nuts.
But such cases are rare, only a tree 150-170 years old is capable of such a harvest. Usually an adult tree 25-40 years old in Moldova gives 1500-2000 fruits or 2000-2500 in the Crimea.
Moscow region, central Russia - where else can you plant and grow walnuts
They are found in the European part from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg where the northernmost nuts in Russia grow. But these are isolated cases, exceptions that only confirm the rule.
These trees do not freeze out completely, but they do not grow to their full potential either.
The main factor determining the possibility of growing this southern tree, - not winter at all subzero temperature. The amount is taken into account average daily temperatures above 10 degrees. It cannot be less than 190 C.
If in winter the temperature does not drop below -36 degrees and for 130-140 days a year the temperature is above 0 C, the walnut can grow and bear fruit.
The best winter hardiness was shown by hybrids of Manchurian with walnut.
When landing even the best seed material brought from the south, adaptation to a cold climate does not occur - such trees regularly freeze slightly and practically do not bear fruit.
Completely unsuitable for growing varieties from places with a humid warm climate(west and south of Ukraine, Black Sea coast Caucasus).
Only nuts from eastern Ukraine, mountains successfully adapt to the new conditions of central Russia. Central Asia or Caucasus.
Moreover, it is better to grow a nut from the stone yourself- An imported seedling (even from the indicated regions) will be significantly inferior in terms of endurance and adaptability to new conditions.
Walnut is found in the European part of Russia from the foothills of the Caucasus to St. Petersburg
How and when to plant and grow a tree from a seedling: conditions
It must be immediately planted in a permanent place.. It is unrealistic to transplant a 5-year-old tree already. Therefore, you need to decide to take into account all the factors and calculate the consequences.
A vigorous tree can form a dense shade over an area of approximately 100 sq.m. You will have to delete this area from circulation - there is little that can bear fruit under a walnut(affects the strong overwhelming effect of the biofield of a huge tree).
On the other hand, this area can be equipped summer zone recreation - essential oils nuts keep flies and mosquitoes close.
We choose a place for planting on the edge of the garden so as not to shade other trees. The walnut is very unpretentious to soils, although it prefers loose sandy-stony soil.
Walnut prefers loose sandy-stony soil, it should not be too fertile
The landing hole is dug with the expectation that under the roots there is a layer of stones of at least 25 centimeters.
The bottom of the landing pit must be half filled with construction debris.(broken brick, pieces of cement, crushed stone) - this technique allows you to shift the flowering time of the tree by 1-2 weeks (the stones warm up slowly, the nut starts growing a little later, skipping the frost period).
Half a bucket of ash, compost or humus is brought into the pit. The soil should not be too fertile, the nut will grow intensively and will not have time to prepare for winter.
You need to take a seedling for planting only from a trusted seller, otherwise you won’t get anything except frostbitten branches of a southern tree, you probably won’t wait for the harvest.
A walnut tree is planted only in the spring, it enters a dormant period too early and will not have time to take root before winter.
It is believed that a walnut planted by hand from a bone will grow into a tree practically adapted to new conditions, which will develop successfully.
Seeds are planted in autumn directly into the ground to a depth of 7-10 cm.. It is advisable to lay sideways on the seam in the soil. spring planting requires 2-3 months of stratification in wet sand.
Special care for seedlings is not required - in middle lane even walnuts have no pests.
How to plant annual seedling walnut:
Care after planting: spring, summer and autumn
How to care? Walnuts may only need watering in spring and early summer. when there is an intensive growth of green mass. Usually the tree has enough soil reserve of winter moisture.
Water only young trees up to 5-7 years old, if it is completely dry.
The tap root system of the southern tree is adapted to find water in the lower horizons. After 10 years of age, watering the walnut should generally be forgotten.
For him, excess moisture threatens too active growth., to the detriment of maturation and preparation of wood for winter. Freezing after a wet summer is guaranteed.
In addition to stopping watering, care must be taken to prepare the root system for winter. That's why, trunk circles must be mulched with any organic matter or compost:
- in summer - to preserve moisture;
- in autumn - to protect the topsoil from freezing.
In particularly cold areas, the soil is mulched with a layer of at least 10 cm, especially in areas with little snow.
It is useful to cover the trunk up to a height of about 1 m with spruce branches or wrap it with newspapers in several layers (already after the first frosts). This will help to survive -40 degrees and below.
Such shelter is necessary only in the first years.- the tree must be hardened naturally.
Walnut may need watering only in spring and early summer, when there is an intensive growth of green mass.
How to properly care during the growing process: before ripening and after
Like all fruit crops, walnuts need periodic feeding.
In the spring they bring nitrogen fertilizers, in the second half of summer - only potash and phosphorus, which are responsible for preparing the tree for winter and laying fruit buds for the next harvest.
On cultivated soil, nitrogen can not be fed at all, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers to make (in terms of the active substance) 10 g / sq.m.
Practice shows that the rule applies to all cases where the nut does not grow on obvious stones and clay.
What is especially pleasing - in the middle lane, the walnut has no natural enemies. It has already been said that flies and mosquitoes fly around it.
Moreover, walnut leaves can be cooked very effective remedy against aphids and various caterpillars, which is successfully used in Ukraine.
Absolutely harmless to humans home remedy allows you to process trees and bushes with ovaries of fruits and berries.
Graft
Unfortunately, walnut cuttings do not take root - reproduction occurs only by seeds.
Vaccination is carried out in cases where:
- there is a seedling of probably winter-hardy Manchurian walnut, for which -40 in winter is not a problem;
- the planted variety did not live up to expectations - it became possible to re-graft it.
One-year-old seedlings are grafted into a split and, under control, grow in a greenhouse to a marketable appearance.
Young trees that have already produced their first few nuts can be re-grafted by the type of "eye budding"- only the bark is removed with a kidney in the form of a half-pipe (the method is called so) and combined with the same cutout on the rootstock.
Until complete healing, the vaccination site is tied with a film.
The result of grafting an adult walnut tree:
Reproduction in the country
The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.. To simplify the process, nuts without additional processing planted in autumn to a depth of about 10 centimeters. It is believed that it is better to lay them sideways on the seam.
Whoever did not have time to bury for the winter, put it in damp sand in the basement - the nut must go through stratification, otherwise it will not hatch.
Walnut is renewed by stump shoots in just a year or two. These trees are able to bear fruit literally in the second year, and in 10 - already a significant harvest.
The main method of obtaining seedlings is growing from seeds.
It turns out that a walnut can be successfully planted and grown in a country house in the middle lane, in the Moscow region. It is enough to follow simple rules:
- the right choice of location;
- seedling - only zoned;
- mandatory mulching of the trunk circle;
- shelter trunk from frost in the first years of life.
All this is within the power of most gardeners.. Choose a sunny place, protected from cold winds - the nut will thank you.
Perhaps you are thinking about how to grow a walnut from a nut. A walnut tree can live up to 300 years, and all this time it does not require any special care. It gives extremely useful fruits, which are not only tasty, but also have a healing effect, including walnut wood, its foliage and other parts of the plant. The root system is very powerful. It penetrates deep into the ground. The tree is light and moisture-loving. Prefers fertile soil where groundwater is located.
How to prepare seeds for planting
Planting a walnut at home is easy. The main thing is to choose the right fruits, that is, the nuts themselves. It is reproduction through such seeds that is the main method.
The germination of the nut is carried out only after a year. In order for the process to be positive, it is necessary to choose fruits that have a thin shell, as well as good taste. It is necessary to use only whole nuts on which there are no flaws. They can be collected both from branches and from the ground when they have already fallen from the tree.
The shell must have a good appearance. It should not have segments with damage, dots, spots and other defects. You can not use the fruits that are bought in the store, as they may be either spoiled, or unsuitable, or old in order to germinate them.
Walnut
It is recommended to remove the nut from the fruit. The shell is called the pericarp. It can not be removed, but in this case the germination process will be significantly slowed down. During cleaning, care must be taken that the inner skin is not damaged. Only need to be disconnected outer part. It is recommended to use rubber gloves or other protective equipment for hands, as in contact with the juice of the shell skin are starting to get dark.
When the nut is already completely cleaned, it is supposed to be lowered into a container of water. Fruits that have gradually fallen to the bottom of the container are suitable for planting, as the kernels in them remain intact.
Now you need to dry the seed. To do this, it is supposed to be laid out in one layer in a sunny place. After a couple of days, the fruits are recommended to be removed to a place under a canopy so that they dry out. Do not keep nuts that are selected for sprouting near heating appliances. If the seed is planned to be planted in the fall, then there is no need to dry it.
Planting seeds
You need to figure out when to plant a walnut. This can be done both in autumn and spring. In the first case, it is required to plant the seeds immediately in the place that will be permanent for the tree, since then it will not be possible to transplant it without damaging the root system.
The hole should be about 1 m deep and about 1 m in diameter. This is required to provide the necessary amount of nutrient compounds for the tree in the future. Nuts are supposed to be deepened by about 20 cm. You need to cover the seed with a mixture that includes humus and soil. It is necessary to lay the seeds so that the seam is located at the top. There are 3 nuts per hole, which are placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other. They must be laid out in the form of a triangle.
Then you need to sprinkle the hole and compact the soil. Of those seeds that have sprouted in the hole, choose only the strongest and best developed. Watering is supposed to be between May and July. On square meter 4 buckets of water are required. If the weather is rainy, then watering is not carried out. When summer comes to an end, then moisturizing should be stopped altogether.
Sprouts have appeared
If you want to grow a walnut in spring time, it is best to carry out the planting process in May. This is especially true for many regions in Russia, where winters are very cold. If in such areas a walnut is planted in autumn time, that is, the probability that the seed will freeze and not germinate. In the spring, a nut is supposed to be planted in May. Until this time, the seed should be kept in a cool place for stratification for 3-4 months. When planting nuts, the temperature should be approximately + 4 ... + 7ºС.
It is required to place the fruits in wet sand. Before this, the nuts must be held for some time in a container of water (the temperature should be at room temperature). Then they need to be deepened by 8 cm into the ground. After about 10 days, the first shoots will appear. By autumn, they will already grow by 15 cm. First, the shoots stretch upward, and only then they begin to gradually compact. If watered abundantly, then the length of the sprout will be longer, but at the same time it will be harder for him to endure winter.
It is necessary to decide where the walnut grows well. Be sure to choose the right place for planting so that the tree is comfortable. It prefers places with good lighting. The territory should be spacious, as the tree needs space for a spreading crown. Then the fruits themselves will ripen on all branches. Before next tree you need to leave at least 5 m, as the root system will be very powerful. You can not grow a walnut near the house or other buildings, as it will damage the foundation. If the soil is poor in content useful substances, then it needs to be fertilized. It is best to plant a tree from the southwestern or south side away from the building.
tree care
All work in the garden begins in the spring. If in the second half of March the temperature is not less than 4ºС, then it is recommended to trim the walnut for sanitary purposes, as well as to form a crown. If at this time, due to bad weather, it is still impossible to trim, then it is recommended to carry out this procedure for more later dates, but in any case before the sap flow begins.
In spring, the tree needs a lot of moisture. If there was little snow in winter, and spring was not rainy, then additional watering is required. In addition, it is necessary at this time to carry out prevention against various diseases and pests in order to grow a walnut tree strong and healthy. It is recommended to use a solution blue vitriol(3%). In addition, it is additionally necessary to whitewash the trunk with lime. In May, you need top dressing. At this time, it is recommended to make ammonium nitrate. A large tree relies on about 6 kg of this substance per year, this rule refers to those trees that are more than 3 years old. Those fertilizers that are laid when planting a seedling are enough for this time.
young trees
If the summer is dry and hot, then it is necessary to water the tree periodically. In the period from May to July, it is supposed to carry out watering 2 times a month. The soil after moistening should not be loosened, since this procedure this plant does not like it. But weeds must be removed so that they do not interfere with the tree. IN summer time walnuts can suffer from insect pests or fungal diseases, so it is very important to periodically inspect the plant so as not to miss the onset of the disease. As soon as the first symptoms appear, it is necessary to use preparations from the group of fungicides or insecticides.
IN last week In July, it is recommended to pinch those shoots whose growth needs to be accelerated. They must have time to form before the cold snap begins, otherwise winter time will die from frost. In addition, at this time it is supposed to carry out top dressing using fertilizers that contain potassium and phosphorus. In some varieties, the fruits ripen already at the end of summer. You need to be ready to harvest.
As for autumn, for almost all varieties of walnuts, this is the time to collect fruits. Usually it starts at the end of August and ends around the end of November. After harvesting, you need to put the garden in order. First, the tree is pruned for sanitary purposes, then it is necessary to collect all the foliage that has fallen, and shoots. Additionally, it is required to treat the tree from pests that could settle in its bark for the winter. In addition, agents against pathogenic bacteria are used.
At the same time, the preparation of the plant for wintering is necessarily carried out. Walnut is considered a plant that loves warmth. Some varieties are able to grow only in places where there is no cold in winter. But there are also varieties of trees that can withstand frosts down to -30ºС. mature tree can overwinter without additional shelter, but young plants that are not more than a year old need to be insulated. To do this, it is necessary to use burlap. In addition, mulch with manure helps.
Conclusion
If now we understand how to plant a walnut, it's time to start ...
The walnut is an extremely popular plant that is widely used in medicine, cooking, and even magic. Walnut grows actively in regions with warm and temperate climate. In fact, on every personal plot this tree grows with dense foliage, which is an excellent protection against summer heat. How to plant a walnut in the garden is a question of interest to many gardeners. It is quite simple, although many do not know how to do it correctly.
There are 2a ways to plant a walnut - with the help of a seedling and a fruit. This plant can also be grown from seeds.
The easiest and most reliable way is to plant a finished walnut seedling, which can be purchased on the market, in a specialized nursery or in a store. But guessing whether the future tree will have good fruits, or whether it will bear fruit at all, is a very difficult task.
Planting material can be prepared by yourself by picking up a walnut tree with well-ripened fruits. They need to be taken for a future landing. It is also important that such seeds do not need adaptation to new climatic conditions.
- It is better to collect fruits for planting in October. At this point, the tree bears fruit and discards the fruit.
- Nuts should have a green skin with a slight yellowness. Fruits are selected healthy and uniform in shape, without dents or other damage. The shell must be hard.
- For cultivation, it is best to collect fallen fruits as they are fully ripe. Well, if you liked the nuts that are on the tree, they can be knocked down with a stick.
Many novice gardeners are interested in how to plant a walnut seedling correctly. To do this, you need a two-year-old plant. It must be a seedling of any height with a strong trunk with a diameter of at least 1 cm. It is necessary to dig up a plant for planting so that the lateral roots remain intact. The vertical root is best cut to 1/3 of the length. The cut area must be treated with clay. The plant is deepened in such a way that root collar was 3-4 cm above the ground. Then the hole with the plant is covered with earth, compacted well and excess branches are removed.
In order to get a fruit-bearing tree, it is best to purchase a ready-made seedling, in which the root system will be “preserved”.
Planting such a seedling can be carried out at any weather conditions even in drought. The root system of the plant is already saturated with nutrients. And therefore, after planting, the tree will begin to actively develop. The survival rate of such seedlings is very high.
Walnut is a slow growing plant that needs proper care and attention. It takes a lot of hard work to bring it to fruition.
Walnut - durable and very useful tree in the country, since on the basis of its fruits you can cook not only a lot of seasonings and dishes, but also many medications. Correct fit and growing a walnut is a valuable knowledge that we will help you gain.
Walnut is grown everywhere, and it is very difficult to find a plot in the country or in the village where there is no walnut. But, information about planting a nut and its cultivation is needed not only for the summer resident who does not have this tree on the territory own site, but also to every owner of nuts, because correct agricultural technology is the basis of a serious harvest and healing properties plants.
Today we suggest that you devote quite a bit of time and study the cultivation of walnuts in the Moscow region, Ukraine and Belarus, because in any region a tall and large-leaved tree will not only give valuable fruits in autumn period, but also hide you under the shade of the branches from the heat in summer.
What is a walnut tree?
This is a perennial and really durable tree, whose age can be calculated for centuries. Walnut is a tall sprawling tree with a very large leaves, light gray bark and world-famous fruits. The plant is dioecious and the buds of the walnut are male and female. Thanks to this, the nut bears fruit every year, can take pollen from other trees and becomes a pollinator of neighboring ones.
The plant is light-loving and thermophilic, perfectly recovers from various injuries, has high winter hardiness.
Where to plant a walnut?
It is very important to correctly determine the place for planting, because then the tree will grow in accordance with the standards, which means it will develop and produce valuable fruits.
It is advisable to choose a free and ventilated place for the nut, in the sun, where the nut will receive a lot of color. Moreover, far from other trees, the nut will be able to quickly develop and strengthen.
walnut plantations big amount trees on a certain area - not the most good idea. In such plantings, development stops, the crowns become very rare, the leaves wither and age, the tree fades prematurely and practically does not bear fruit.
Most a good place for planting - behind the house or near the temporary hut, where the tree will create a shadow, will not shade other trees and will not suffer from adult trees already nearby. On own experience we know that a quite normal distance between nuts is a length of 5-7 meters or more, if you, of course, want to get fast-growing trees and good yields.
Moisture and soil content for walnut
The walnut grows well and shows really noble yields on soils of moderate, carbonate loams, where there is a low level of groundwater. At the same time, highly compacted, as well as waterlogged soils are considered unsuitable for planting.
If you want to plant a walnut in acidic soil, you should definitely carry out certain agro-ameliorative enterprises. At the same time, evaluate the GWL, which should be no closer than 2 m.
Fertile soil and its constant supply of useful elements necessary for the qualitative growth of walnuts are factors for high results at the end of each season. A really fertilized and correct soil will make it possible to constantly show a good harvest and develop.
It is not bad to use fertilizers for walnuts in the form of special complexes, but green manures can also be recommended, thanks to which the trees will be constantly provided with almost everything they need.
By planting these plants in the spring, and planting them in the soil in the fall, you will provide favorable conditions. Peas, oats, rank, lupins are suitable for their constant maintenance.
walnut fertilizer
Fertilizers must be applied carefully, as the soil under the tree does not like loosening. Of course, not the soil itself, but the root system of the walnut, which in summer period calmness is needed.
Nitrogen fertilizers are applied in small portions, preferably not during the fruiting period, especially if the nut is young. Nitrogen fertilizers can then cause bacteriosis.
But phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are great for top dressing, as they favorably affect the fruiting of the tree.
Watering the walnut
Walnut loves moisture, especially in the warm season. Therefore, from mid-spring to the end of summer, do not spare water, water 2-3 times a week during a drought.
It is also necessary to protect the soil under the tree from drying out, keeping moisture in it by mulching, especially if it is not possible to water the walnuts often and fully.
Planting a nut in the country
Initially, you need to prepare planting material and sort it. Walnut seedlings for planting on the site must be completely healthy and not wilted. If the seedlings are to be transported, it is advisable to wrap them in a humid environment or soak the root system with special products.
Most often, planting a nut occurs in the spring, in autumn it is possible in warm regions. It is not worth storing autumn seedlings until spring, as they can be seriously damaged during this time.
The technology for growing walnuts is based on the initially correct planting, therefore, even correct dimensions holes for seedlings. They should be on average 70x70x70 cm, but if the root system of the seedling takes up more space, the hole is also dug large sizes(the planting hole should always be 20-30 cm deeper than the length of the nut roots).
A healthy seedling is lowered into a pit half-filled with humus with earth (1: 1), the roots of which are treated with special growth stimulants. Further, the roots are gently straightened and sprinkled with earth, which is evenly compacted. In this case, the root neck of the seedling should remain at ground level after planting.
Now you can mulch the soil with sawdust or peat chips and care for the walnut, already as a full-fledged plant.
Planting a walnut is not such a strange undertaking, because delicious nuts from their own garden plot is a very feasible dream. To do this, you just need to properly plant a walnut and treat it with the same care as other plants in the garden.
Planting a walnut: the nuances of agricultural technology
Walnut is a long-lived tree. Now all over the world there are walnut trees that are over 500 years old. For centuries, they have given people useful fruits and continue to do so even at such, to put it mildly, venerable age. So why not get this tree on your site? May it grow and benefit future generations.
Ways to plant a walnut
Choosing a place to plant a walnut tree is a responsible matter. Here it is important to take into account the distance to the nearest objects. The walnut has fairly spreading branches, so more space will be needed so that it does not interfere with other plants in the future. You should not plant it near buildings, otherwise later, as it grows, it will destroy the foundation with its powerful roots.
Berry bushes will be good neighbors for the first few years, they will improve yields. When the walnut tree grows and gets stronger, they can be removed. Yes, and they do not want to grow under a nut - the effect of allelopathy is too pronounced.
How to plant a walnut from a fruit
Most often, the nut is propagated by seeds, because it is easy to predict from them what fruits the tree will bear in the future. You can, of course, buy seedlings in the store, but then you have to take the word of the seller, who talks about their high fertility. In the first method, massive fruits are selected for planting. correct form with a thin shell and a hard core.
If planting is supposed to be in the spring, then they must be dried, after removing the green shell. Drying consists of two stages: first in the sun, and then in a shaded place in a draft. In this case, the nut seeds should be located in one layer. Dry on batteries and others heating appliances absolutely impossible.
At autumn planting drying the fruits is optional, and even undesirable. It is better to land them immediately in the allotted place in order to avoid possible injuries. As for the direct planting of seeds, small dimples are enough to plant them - the depth of planting of walnut fruits is not more than 20 cm.
In one big landing pit it is necessary to lay 4 fruits in a square so that there is about 25 cm between them. It is correct to lay the seeds with the point down, so the seam of the fruit is on top. If you ignore this planting rule, the grown tree will begin to bear fruit 2-3 years later. When the seedlings grow up a little, the strongest one is selected and left, and the rest are removed. You can distribute to neighbors and work colleagues.
How to plant a walnut seedling
Alternative way planting - ready-made seedlings. It is better to plant them in a permanent place at the age of two. Saplings are carefully dug out of the ground, trying not to touch the lateral roots with a shovel. Since the vertical root by this time grows more than a meter, it can be cut in the middle, leaving at least 40 cm. The cut is smeared with clay. And if you managed to purchase seedlings with a closed root system, then when planting, you need to "fluff" the lower part of the earthen root.
Some gardeners disseminate erroneous information in their environment, which beginners are often led to. They say that in order for the roots to grow and strengthen quickly, when planting a seedling, you need to place a flat wide stone under its root system. This impenetrable block, on the contrary, will only slow down their growth. And put it on top trunk circle stones can be - moisture supply will improve due to condensate. This is often done in Dushanbe.
A hole for a nut is dug large enough, up to 1 meter deep with the same diameter. The excavated earth should be mixed with completely rotted manure and pour it back. Thanks to such actions, the soil for planting will become loose and contain needed by the tree nutrients.
In the pit, the roots of the seedling should be given the same position as they occupied before young plant was dug up. Then everything is as usual: backfilling, compaction, watering and mulching the soil around the seedlings.
Walnut: cultivation and care
Caring for a walnut tree comes down to one thing - pruning. However, in the first year of the growing season, it is better to refuse this event, even if the crown branches die off massively due to severe frosts. It is more advisable to wait until next spring, when young shoots begin to appear on the affected areas of the tree, allowing the formation of new branches and restoration of the crown. Damaged branches are cut to living tissue. Together with them, tall vertical tops are also cut off around the shoot that was chosen to continue growing.
If the tree is not badly damaged in winter, you can limit yourself to the usual sanitary pruning: remove diseased and dry twigs, slightly thin the crown if necessary. Like others, it is recommended to cut the walnut in February-March, while it is still at rest. It is important to have time to prune before the sap flow begins in order to avoid apiary. With abundant release of this fluid, trees can infect fungal diseases.
During the season, you can re-pruning. It is best to do this in the second half of summer, at this time of the year the intensity of sap flow decreases. summer pruning It is desirable to carry out either in cloudy weather or late in the evening. Particularly large wounds must be cleaned and covered with a mixture of clay and mullein.
That, in fact, is all that an unpretentious walnut needs. But if your plot is small, it’s better to forget about this tree, otherwise it will grow and “take away” the entire area - its diameter is at least 10-12 m. Our neighbors planted it this way, now there is almost no space left for a vegetable garden. So planting a walnut requires not only proper agricultural technology, but also a banal area.
