≡× MENU

• Repair
• Repair
• Interior Design
• About everything
• About plumbing

How to build a pergola in the country with your own hands. Do-it-yourself pergola. How to install a pergola. How to independently install a garden pergola on the site Making a pergola from wood with your own hands

Any garden will be decorated with a do-it-yourself openwork pergola: step-by-step instruction, photos and diagrams will help build from available materials different types small gazebos. Romantic buildings, entwined with greenery, were popular among the Russian aristocracy, and in European gardens, and in the East. Protecting people resting in the garden from the sun, they have not lost their significance to this day. Modern increasingly includes vertical gardening and small gardens in garden compositions. architectural forms. One of the options for combining greenery and a small building are various pergolas in the form of arches or arbors with a lattice roof.

Any garden will be decorated with an openwork pergola

When developing drawings for a future building, you need to draw Special attention on the compatibility of its style and appearance with common idea garden plot. The size of the pergola should be in harmony with the size of the land plot and other buildings on it. Due to the variety of models presented in the photo, it is easy to choose a variety suitable for the garden.

To highlight the recreation area and create shade during the hot hours of the day, garden pergolas built with their own hands in the form of a canopy adjoining the wall of the house or a free-standing gazebo. arches different size can serve as green tunnels to connect parts of the garden or design entrance groups and recreation areas. A pergola-bench can be considered a special variety, combining the functions of a support for vines, a comfortable bench and a canopy to protect from the sun. You can also install a pergola with a hanging seat.

To highlight the recreation area and create shade in the hot hours of the day, garden pergolas are well suited.

In a landscape designed in the spirit of romantic classics, a light forged structure entwined with ivy or grapes would be appropriate. In this case, it is best to make a wooden pergola for a summer house with your own hands with bars and a roof in the form of a low arch. Gardens in the east or Japanese style will decorate pergolas-benches and air pavilions with a lattice roof. For them, you can use minimal landscaping. mediterranean style a pergola with an awning, made according to the principle of a canopy against the wall of the house, will beautifully complement.

Gallery: pergola (25 photos)

Construction for grapes (video)

Start of construction

Light construction does not require laying the foundation, so large-scale concrete works do not have to be produced. They will be required only if the pergola in the country house is built with heavy decorative walls made of bricks or a platform under it is flooded. To install supports of a large building (about 2.5 m high), concreting of their bases will be required.

When choosing materials for construction, you need to soberly evaluate their properties and your capabilities:

• wood is easy to work, but the construction will require precise fitting of parts and is prone to decay;
• metal requires skills in working with a welding machine;
• plastic allows you to build different designs but not particularly strong.

Having determined a suitable place, dimensions and desired material, you can proceed to the development of sketches and construction schemes.

To build a pergola, you will need the following:

• shovel;
• plumb and level;
• crushed stone, sand and cement (if you need to concrete);
• corrugated pipe or beam for vertical racks;
• board 2x10 cm for a wooden pergola;
• decorative lattice;
• hacksaw or jigsaw;
• Bulgarian, welding machine for a metal gazebo;
• fasteners (self-tapping screws, brackets, etc.);
• drill with a screwdriver and drills.

For a pergola with an awning roof, you will need a panel of durable fabric right size, string cornice(2 pcs.) and clips for curtains. In addition, you need to take care of paintwork materials to protect wooden and metal structures from moisture.

Pole Mounting Procedure

Before you build a pergola, you need to mark out the selected area of ​​the garden: draw a polygon of the desired size according to the shape of the building. Supports should be placed in the corners and (if necessary) along the sides of the pavilion. Dig holes at least 50 cm deep in the marked places.

The guide for building a pergola in the country consists of the following items:

1. Install a metal pipe post in the pit or wooden beam. Align it vertically with a plumb line and fix it in the desired position. Fill the hole with large gravel, tamp. When filling, make sure that the post is still, if necessary, level it again. Pour the support with a solution of 3 parts sand and 1 part cement. Install the rest of the supports. After the concrete has dried (7-10 days), continue work.
2. Cut boards or metal for beams in such a way that each part is 50-80 cm longer than the distance between the supports. This will allow you to make beautiful roof extensions that are noticeable in any photo. Details should be 4 pcs. Attach the support beams with self-tapping screws or welding in pairs on both sides of the supports at the opposite ends of the pavilion.
3. Measure and cut roof boards. To form extensions, 50-80 cm must be added to the length of the pergola. Measure the desired length of the roof extension from the end of the part and make a notch with a width equal to the thickness of the beam. Cut a second groove at a distance equal to the thickness of the support bar. Make the same paired cutouts on the other end of the board. This will allow you to assemble the roof by putting grooves on the beams and connecting them with self-tapping screws for reliability. Ends can be curly cut. The step between the roofing boards is 25-30 cm.
4. For metal roofing elements, simply cut pieces to the desired length. Connection with beams - welded.
5. For the strength of the building, you need to install a few more crossbeams perpendicular to the roofing boards. In these parts, you need to make grooves in increments of 25-30 cm along the entire length. Lay them on top of the roof in increments of about 1 m, secure with self-tapping screws.
6. If you need a pergola for climbing plants, then a lattice for vines or clematis, made by hand from thin slats, can be installed between the supports.

By the same principles, a pergola with a bench is also assembled. An additional step would be to install beams at the bottom of the building for mounting a seat with a back and assemble them.

When making a pergola with an awning, you only need to dig in 2 supports at the right distance from the wall. On the house, attach a horizontal beam supporting the beams. Installation of the roof consists in stretching the eaves-strings with clamps. Strengthen the fabric canopy from opposite sides to the clamps, placing them with a uniform step. This will allow the awning to be moved when not needed.

A word like "pergola" in Everyday life is extremely rare. Therefore, many people are not even aware of its meaning. Often the building is identified with a standard gazebo, but this is not entirely true. About what this part of the exterior is, as well as how it can transform the atmosphere of your garden - read our article.

When and where exactly pergolas began to be used for the first time is almost impossible to establish. However, it is safe to say that they were used to facilitate the harvest of grapes and protection from the scorching sun. Some time has passed and aesthetic appeal such structures could not but interest people, and in the end these canopies became separate decorative components of the architectural ensemble of landscape art, which did not necessarily carry a certain functional load. Captivating simplicity of execution, elegance, practicality and functionality have proven the building with better side not only among landscape designers, but also avid gardeners and gardeners.

Today the main purpose of wooden and metal structures consists in creating a vegetative passage to various areas of the garden. IN this case a pergola can serve as a kind of separator between a vegetable garden and a garden or a playground and a recreation area. At the same time, the original task of the structure has also not lost its significance, and it is successfully used for growing grapes and creating a darkened corner for relaxing on outdoors.

IN summer time, braided with climbing vegetation, the coating forms a secluded place with pleasant freshness and shade, and also protects from gusts of wind and dust. In addition, the building can perfectly disguise nondescript utility spaces. Thus, no matter what role the pergola plays, it serves as an excellent decor for the site.

In the production process, the following materials are used individually or in combination: wood, metal pipes, stone, polycarbonate, plastic.

The most popular raw material for manufacturing, of course, is wood. Pine, oak, acacia and larch options are best suited - due to their aesthetic and practical characteristics. When decorating the exterior of an aged wooden building, roughly cut boards will organically fit into the general context. to buildings modern type it is appropriate to add a canopy of processed bars. wooden details must be covered with antibacterial agents. In order to protect against decomposition and damage, the surface of the pergola should be covered with a solution of nitro enamel or linotex.

The combined variation of oak beams with columns or on a brick support looks very attractive. Untreated birch logs are ideal for creating a rustic setting.

Varieties of pergola designs

Apart from building materials, pergolas also differ in the type of device:

Awning. This variety is a shelter made of a lattice, a set of flat or voluminous bars. Protects against sun rays but will not prevent raindrops from entering. It can be installed as an adjoining part to another building, or stand apart.

Visor. Such a canopy comes from the southern territories. The device allows you to get a shadow for window openings on the south side of the house or organization of a recreation area.

Screen. It has a vertical shape, serves as a support for climbing plants. It is also used to separate or combine individual zones on the site.

Corridor. Forms a romantic green tunnel of climbing plants, which are supported, as a rule, by a metal support.

All types of buildings are conditionally divided into two main groups - secluded structures (located separately from other buildings), as well as adjacent to buildings. They are the outer part summer kitchen, saunas or at home.

Pergola can be square, rectangular, triangular, arched and even wavy. The choice will be determined by the personal preferences of the owners and the arrangement of the remaining details of the yard, as well as the size of this building and other buildings.

The arched structure is more whimsical in the production process, and therefore can cost a little more than a rectangular modification. However, her appearance incredibly graceful and elegant, which eliminates any expense. The openwork of thin lines transforms even the most uncomplicated design, bringing unobtrusive notes of luxury and nobility.

When choosing the type of pergola, it is necessary to determine right size. Too large structure small area will be inharmonious, too high will create a small amount of shade, and too small may not withstand the load of plants. In any case, everything will depend on the dimensions of the entire site and the scale of other buildings that form landscape composition. The pergola should be in the context of the overall idea, not stand out from it, but on the contrary, complement and decorate.

As in the case of the selection of the device of the structure, the choice of color should be made based on the need for a harmonious ensemble of the entire design. The color of the canopy can share a common color palette, being its organic continuation, and may represent a separate accent that stands out against the rest of the background, but it must necessarily be combined with it and echo.

The bulk of the variations in the execution of any landscape structure made of wood is associated with the use of its attractive natural tone. Indeed, in itself it is beautiful and organic on a natural canvas, especially if other details are executed in a similar way. Of course, wood products still need to be treated with special means in the form of antiseptics and varnishes that protect against decay and dampness.

The performance in white looks incredibly beautiful surrounded by flower beds, lawns and trees. The fresh and clean look of the white buildings creates a great festive impression throughout the decor. personal plot.

For pergola cladding, you can choose a combination of textures and shades. If the canopy is made using several materials at once, for example, stone and wood or metal and wood, then it is reasonable to dwell on different color solutions for a particular material. Landscape designers prefer to use no more than two colors in this case. For example, white columns can be combined with any shade of wood in the form of beams and slats. Deep metal tones harmonize perfectly with bright woody notes.

Saturated variations of contrasting gray, black, dark brown are able to distinguish the building from the general calm halo. The design looks especially stylish next to garden furniture in the same dark design.

Where should the pergola be placed?

The location for the building depends, first of all, on its purpose. Therefore, first you need to decide what role the pergola will play - it will be an addition for decorative elements, or will be a support for plants or still create a shadow in the likeness of a gazebo or canopy.

One of the most popular location options is a detached structure above the dining and relaxing area. After all, having own house, it would be a great loss not to have a special place for eating outdoors. Of course, such a building is not able to protect the dining space from heavy rain, but it is quite capable of protecting it from the summer sun.

The pergola comes from the Mediterranean, where even in ancient Rome it was used purely for utilitarian purposes - to support and strengthen grape vines which made harvesting easier. Over time, thanks to the simplicity of execution, practicality and aesthetics, pergolas have become a bright and spectacular element. landscape design.

Types of pergolas: a variety of options

In direct translation, "pergula" means "extension" or " canopy". Initially, a pergola is a type-setting structure with repeating sections (columns, arches, pillars), which are interconnected by inconspicuous beams and densely entwined with plants. Today, a pergola in the country can be used for different purposes:

• awning (canopy) - in such a pergola, the upper part is more compacted to provide acceptable protection from the sun. Such a pergola can act as a gazebo - a fresh soft breeze and light partial shade soften the heat; a great place for a meal, gatherings with a book (tablet) or friends. It can also be used for a canopy over playground or car parking. By design, it can adjoin the house (then it will look more like a veranda) or stand separately. Naturally, such a canopy will not protect from rain, although it is possible to cover some part of the pergola with waterproof material, such as a tarp.

• screen - an option often used in landscape design for zoning a site, a pergola-screen will allow you to get secluded corners on the site. Installed along the border, a pergola can hide the site from the unwanted interest of outsiders, disguise not too picturesque outbuildings, separate the recreation area from the parking lot, for example, if the garden is designed in a Victorian or classical style.

• tunnel - such a pergola, which has a general orientation, is most often placed above path or a path.

• visor - canopy, located with south side building, characteristic detail exterior of southern houses. Except purely decorative function, such a canopy, entwined with grapes or other climbing plants, has and quite practical value. Closing the south wall from direct scorching sunlight, it significantly reduces heat load to this side of the house. This approach has recently been widely used in energy-efficient homes, when the pergola is installed along the entire south wall - this can significantly reduce the load on the air conditioner.

Advice! When installing a pergola along the southern wall, it is necessary to maintain a distance of about 30 cm (from brickwork- up to 50 cm) - the resulting air currents will protect the plants from overheating and additionally cool the wall

When planning to install a pergola, several factors should be considered:

• as an element landscape design, the pergola should be in harmony with the overall ensemble of the site, including the architecture of the house. A pergola assembled from raw poles will look picturesque on a country-style site, add color and diversify rural-style buildings, but will be a completely foreign body against the backdrop of a high-tech house

• the size of the pergola should be in harmony with the rest of the buildings and its purpose. For example, as summer arbors for small areas, wrought iron pergolas are ideal, elegant and airy, in which the very atmosphere contributes to relaxation. But pergolas made of wood, solid, with columns, made of voluminous, massive materials, will look good on large area, next to the pool and perfect for noisy parties. In addition, in a large open space, a small pergola will simply get lost.

• strength over time climbing plants grow and begin to exert a significant load on the load-bearing structural elements. And in winter, the mass of accumulating snow will also be added here, because the pergola will act as a kind of snow retainer. In addition, a pergola braided, for example, with grapes, will have significant windage, so it must be able to withstand significant wind loads. That is why the height of the pergola usually does not exceed 2.5 m.

• further operation - regardless of the material from which the pergola will be made - wood or metal, it will require regular maintenance: antiseptic treatment and staining to prevent damage (rotting or corrosion) of the structure

• site marking - it is very important to maintain the symmetry of all components

• to install a large pergola, a columnar (much less often a strip) foundation is laid, but for wooden pergolas metal crutches are often used (Fig. 2), which are hammered into the ground to a depth of 40-60 cm. In order for the pergola to look attractive, it is important to withstand proportions - the width of the structure should be greater than the height, in extreme cases they can be equal. A pergola whose height is greater than its width will look ugly.

• installation of supports - this will require a level so that the support pillars are installed strictly perpendicular (Fig. 3) relative to the surface of the earth. For a small pergola, if the foundation was not arranged, the bases of the supports are treated with antiseptics (wrapped with roofing material). To give greater stability, the pillars can be poured with concrete.

• after the concrete has hardened, side horizontal beams are installed (Fig. 4), fixed to the supports with brackets, and to them - transverse upper crossbars (fixed with nails)

• installation of trellis panels - to the racks wooden slats fastened with nails. At the same time, the panels should not touch the ground - this will prevent them from rotting and the need for an early replacement.

• decoration - the building can be painted in suitable color(which is also of purely practical importance, as it will improve the protection of the material from external negative factors) or decorate carving.

Advice! Metal pergola is usually made of pipes of various diameters. At the same time, you should not make narrow and high metal pergolas - such structures are very unstable.

But the creation of a pergola does not end with the construction of the structure. Now it is important to choose the right plants for the pergola, which will not only create a pleasant shade, but will also constantly change the appearance of the pergola - in spring, summer, autumn it will look different, transforming beyond recognition. To achieve the desired effect, you should adhere to the following rules.

Every owner country house wants to build a cozy shady corner in his garden. An air pergola is the best for this purpose. You don't know what it is? This is a structure that can be equipped as a separate element or extension to the house. Do-it-yourself pergola is quite simple to create.

Pergolas as small architectural forms in garden and park design have been known since ancient rome. True, at that time their appearance was due to exclusively practical purposes: they were installed on the way to the sources, protecting those walking from the hot rays of the sun.

Pergolas today are most often used as a decorating component and as a support for climbing roses, although, of course, you can plant other climbing plants, for example, clematis. They will also look very impressive.

As a rule, rose pergolas are designed to be filled with several varieties of this royal flower at the same time. Each of them, wrapping around a separate pillar, gets to the grid that covers the entire structure, from where real cascades of inflorescences will then hang.

decorative function

Without losing its historical function, this building also acquired a decorative purpose. Pergolas for summer cottages help to solve several landscape problems at once:

• • are a support for liana-like plants;
  • protect from hot sun rays and wind, give comfort and a sense of security;
  • arrange a recreation area;
  • allow you to arrange a green corner;
  • decorate the whole garden with their carved appearance;
  • zone the space of a large garden plot, making it cozy;
  • a pergola in the form of an arch, installed on a small area, helps to unite the space.

Do-it-yourself pergolas can be made in the shape that you like and which will most successfully emphasize the architectural and landscape features of the site:

• elongated triangle,
• polygon,
• rectangle,
• sphere,
• arch,
• corridors elongated in one line from closed pergolas.

Varieties of pergolas

So, the pergola, translated from Latin, is a canopy or extension, and this is its main difference from others. garden forms, in particular from the gazebo. It is a prefabricated structure of any repeating elements: be it a pillar, column or arch, which are transversely connected to each other.

What type of pergola for climbing plants with your own hands will decorate your backyard, decide for yourself, based on the tasks that you face.

Let's single out the following types construction data:

What can a pergola be made of?

Materials for the manufacture of pergolas can be:

• tree;
• metal;
• plastic;
• bamboo;
• vinyl;
• fiberglass;
• aluminum;
• combined materials.

Of course, the most popular (price-availability-quality) are wooden pergolas. However, so that the tree does not deteriorate in the ground, it is necessary to isolate it with the help of metal supports-tips and immerse only the metal part in the ground.

In general, metal extensions are more durable, but the tree in the garden looks natural and it is easier for flowers to cling to it. In addition, only from wood can you create uniquely beautiful openwork arches and trellises attached to supporting pillars.

Curly vines are able to ennoble any corner. In natural conditions, nature itself takes care of them ...

How to make a pergola with your own hands

What you need

Making a pergola from wood requires the following tools and materials:

• hammer;
• chisel;
• self-tapping screws;
• drill;
• wood saw;
• roulette;
• level;
• clamps;
• timber, slats;
• metal staples;
• cement;
• sand;
• roof kit (sail, mounts, rope);
• glue;
• bolts;
• metal bases;
• primer;
• screws.

Preparation

Before the beginning construction works draw up a plan that will show the layout of the pergolas and the planting of roses (and / or other liana plants that need support).

For installation, select a site with fertile soil because the plants will need to get the necessary nutrition. Or prepare a fertile layer of 60 cm. Plant perennials at such a distance from each other that they do not interfere with the wind blowing around them, preventing moisture stagnation and the spread of diseases.

Pergolas are a decorative element that is designed to create a unified style space. You can not design a high-tech crate if your garden is a pastoral idyll.

Consider which object the path you create should lead to. wooden pergola: to the entrance to the room, the fountain or the original sculptural composition.

To add elegance to the space surrounding the house, a garden arch will help. Visually, it creates an interesting focus, ...

Ways

This article will help you answer the question of how to make pergolas for roses with your own hands.

So, here is a step-by-step instruction on how to easily make a pergola with your own hands.

1. 1. Before you start making a wooden pergola, dig holes (according to the number of posts in the pergola) 80 cm deep in order to secure the bases of the posts.
   2. Remember that the minimum width of the structure must be 150 cm!
   3. Prepare forms for formwork, fill them with cement and place metal tips in them (you can do without metal tips and place the base beam in cement immediately).
   4. We give a couple of days for the cement to set.
   5. We fasten the beam to the tip with screws.
   6. Fasten with screws or self-tapping screws wooden beams(beams) so that sharp corners form at their junction. This is necessary so that the plants can hold on.

1. We lay horizontal load-bearing beams: we simply screw them with screws / connect them with metal plates / cut out special grooves in the support posts / use two instead of a horizontal beam edged boards, which are easily attached to the supports with self-tapping screws.
2. With the help of rails, connecting them crosswise or forming a different pattern, we make a crate.
3. cover everything wooden elements primer pergolas.

Nuances

When installing a pergola in the country with your own hands, remember the basic principles of this procedure:

• The pergola should give the impression of lightness, weightlessness, delicacy, regardless of the material from which it was made.
• Consider the size of your site and the size of the planned pergola: a small one has no place in a large garden and vice versa.


• The height of the entire structure should be no more than 250 cm.
• Try to take into account the direction of the winds.
• Late autumn, winter and in early spring the supports of the structure will be decorated only with dark stems of plants, and therefore make sure that all the details of the structure have a presentable appearance and do not spoil the look of the garden.
• Wooden pergolas, as well as metal buildings, must be systematically treated with antiseptics, preventing wood decay (after all, plants need constant watering) and metal corrosion.

Sections for pergolas do not have to be made of wood with your own hands. You can save time and buy from a garden or hardware store finished items and assemble the structure yourself. There is also a system for ordering ready-made pergolas from specialists. In principle, it is not so important whether you make this decoration yourself or buy it. The main thing is that it matches your wishes and the design of the site. Happy gardening!

Having familiarized yourself with the theoretical part, what a pergola is, types, shapes and styles, you can proceed directly to the practical part - how to make a pergola with your own hands for a summer residence.

Depending on the type of pergola and the complexity of the design, the work can take from one to several days, and is carried out in several successive stages, from the idea to planting and decoration.

How to make a wooden pergola with your own hands - step by step instructions

Stage 1 - design

The project of a pergola is not complicated in itself, because their diversity does not leave marks on stylistic decisions, the pergola device includes support posts, decorative sections and a roof. When developing a wooden pergola project, you need to take into account:

• the roof and walls are thought out in such a way as to provide maximum shade in the midday heat. Here it is important to take into account the location of the pergola, the presence of a number of trees and buildings;

• sufficiency of lighting. The pergola creates a pleasant shade, and does not hide part of the site from the sun. Therefore, the design of the pergola should provide sufficient light to ensure the vital activity of plants and a pleasant stay in the pergola;

Advice. It is better to have a pergola entrance group from North to South. This allows you to reduce the intensity of daylight due to the width of the slats, and provide evening and morning lighting due to the gaps between the slats.

• lot size and purpose. Pergola for roses, grapes or for relaxation - different in design and functionality;

Note. The size of a pergola is determined by the size of its roof. When they say “the size of the pergola is 2,000 by 2,000,” they mean exactly the dimensions of the roof slope.

• manufacturability pergola. At the design stage, it is decided whether it will have lighting, a fountain, a barbecue, a kitchen, etc. Pergolas for summer cottages are usually made light and small, for country houses– larger and more functional;

• take into account the design of other buildings on the site. The stylistic unity of all components emphasizes the thoughtfulness of landscape design and the sense of style of the owners of the house.

Stage 2 - the cost of purchasing a pergola

At this stage, we will consider how the price is formed and what makes up the cost of the pergola.

The easiest and fastest solution would be to purchase a finished structure. Moreover, you can buy a pergola both as a whole and section by section, and you can also order the manufacture of a pergola according to a drawing.

The price of a pergola is determined by many factors, their importance is given in descending order:

• making a pergola according to a drawing is the most expensive option. The cost depends on the material of manufacture, timing, complexity of the drawing, etc.;

• acquisition of a finished structure with subsequent installation. The kit is good because it contains all the necessary components. So, the leader of sales is a pergola metal team for plants;

• buying a drawing and making a pergola with your own hands;

• drawing development and phased production. In this case, work is carried out depending on the frequency of receipt of funds. This option is the most budgetary.

Stage 3 - making a wooden pergola with your own hands

Pergola drawing

Having chosen a place and decided on the purpose of the pergola, a drawing is being prepared. Correct scheme will make it possible to accurately determine the amount of material required, think over the connection points, take into account nearby buildings and trees, and also visualize the project as a whole.

According to professionals, the only static parameter of pergolas is their height, for example:

• garden pergola for climbing plants ( optimal height up to 1 500 mm)

• pergola for relaxation - up to 2,500 mm.

The rest (width, length) - at the discretion of the owner. Here it is important to provide: the width, length of the pergola, the dimensions of the supports, the distance between the supporting pillars, between the horizontal bars, determine the size of the roof and the amount of its overlap (hanging).

Note. It is advisable to make the design of the arch proportional, and also take the width of the pergola equal to or greater than its height - this will give the structure stability.

The scheme of the pergola, with the dimensions printed on it, serves as a starting point for starting work.

Consider how to make a pergola with your own hands using the example of a country pergola for relaxation.

What to make a pergola for grapes and climbing flowers?

Depending on the material used, there are:

• wooden;
• forged;
• metal;
• plastic;
• stone or brick;
• combined.

Building material for wood pergola

The material for the pergola must be chosen based on the style of the site. Regardless of the material, the design should look light and elegant.

To build a wooden pergola 3000x4200, 2500 mm high. you need to prepare:

• timber 100 * 100 * 3 300 mm - 4 pcs.;

• longitudinal beams 50 * 150 * 4 500 mm - 4 pcs.;

• cross beams 40 * 100 * 3,000 mm - 7 pcs.;

• rail 40 * 40 * 4000 mm - 10 pcs.;

• rail 20 * 40 mm for lathing (trellis);

• crushed stone, sand, cement, water - for foundation mortar (can be used screw piles or metal supports)

• fire retardants (protect from fire), antiseptics (protect from decay and pests), waste oil, resin or roofing material (for processing the lower part of the supports), varnish or paint;

• screws, nails, screws, metal corners 40*40.

Tool: solution container, shovel, level, plumb line, trowel, chisel, hammer, hacksaw, jigsaw, planer, tape measure, rope and pegs, garden drill, drill.

Note. All lumber needs to be processed prior to manufacturing.

Foundation for a pergola

Preparation of the base for the construction of a pergola includes leveling the surface, marking the place in accordance with the drawing, digging a trench for shallow strip foundation. In practice, the construction of pergolas is not always accompanied by pouring the foundation. When choosing how to fix the pergola on the ground (in the ground), you need to know that there are 4 ways to make a reliable foundation:

1 way - pergola without foundation

This method is suitable for those who make a pergola for flowers. The lightweight construction of a wooden garden pergola is designed to support climbing plants that are light in weight. To install it, it is enough to prepare two supporting pillars and securely strengthen them.

2 way - pergola with strip foundation

To install a strip foundation on the site, you need to make markings, dig a trench for pouring concrete. The depth of the trench depends on the type of soil, but rarely exceeds 400 mm. A gravel-sand cushion must be laid at the bottom of the trench and carefully rammed. Next, a formwork is constructed, into which concrete is then poured. Until the concrete has completely dried, work should be stopped.

3 way - pergola with a columnar or pile foundation

The easiest, fastest and most rational way to make a pergola base. Using columnar or pile foundation allows you to install a pergola anywhere, regardless of the terrain, does not require long preparatory work, does not violate the integrity of lawns, differs long period operation.

This method is ideal for those who are engaged in decorating the garden at the time of its flowering and are deciding how to install the pergola in the ground without harming the plants. Pointed anchors make possible installation pergola supports anywhere. However, their disadvantage is their low bearing capacity. For example, a metal pergola for grapes will require additional reinforcement.

Advice. When arranging the foundation for a pergola, you need to remember the rule that the deeper the base of the foundation is, the greater its bearing capacity will be.

4 way - pergola on anchors

The choice in favor of this method is often made by those who install the pergola on an existing base.

At the same time, the installed metal anchors are able to withstand the weight of the pergola, taking into account the load created by the weight of the plants and the wind load.

Installation of pergola supports

The frame for the pergola consists of vertical supports, horizontal beams and crossbeams. The reliability and maintainability of the entire structure directly depends on the installation of supports.

How to install vertical pergola posts

To install vertical supports, a garden drill prepares a recess in the soil. Sufficient depth depends on the height of the pergola and is equal to 1/3 of it. That is, at a height of 2,500, you need to deepen the timber by 800 mm.

During installation, the following rules must be observed:

• process the timber in any way that excludes the possibility of damage to the wood (most often it is used machine oil, resin, roofing material or special impregnations);

• make special grooves in the upper part of the support. They are necessary in order to install the roof;

• equip at the bottom of the recess sand cushion. The stronger the base of the support, the less likely it is to sag and the entire structure to squint;

• install the support and check its verticality using a level;

• concrete the support and continue work only after the concrete has gained strength;

• supports should be installed on the same distance from each other (but the pitch of the pillars is not more than 1,500 mm). So the design of the pergola will look more harmonious.

Note. If a gate is supposed to be in a pergola, it is necessary to provide for the installation of additional supports, as well as mark the installation location of the hinges (canopies). According to users, it is advisable to give preference to hinges that open in both directions.

Installation of horizontal beams

Horizontal beams serve to support the crossbeams. The beams are attached to the supports using steel angles 40x40 mm.

Note. Some craftsmen, even in this case, advise strengthening the junction with brackets, brackets, or self-tapping screws.

Installation of crossbeams (roofs)

The crossbeams that form the roof of the pergola are mounted on horizontal beams. Outwardly, they are a set of wide lamellas, which are arranged vertically at the same distance. They look like blinds. The crossbars are fixed with nails “on an oblique”. Thus, their fastening resistance to wind loading increases.

Straight crossbars are easier to manufacture, pergolas and arches made of wood look more spectacular in the landscape design of the site.

Note. The roof can be covered with a tarpaulin to protect the pergola seating area from rain.

Installation of trellis panels

Tapestry panels are sections that form the walls of the pergola (if any). As a rule, they are wooden sections stuffed with thin slats. Less commonly used are panels with stretched wire or rope.

Tapestry panels are attached to the support posts with self-tapping screws.

Note. Tapestries are installed at a distance of at least 150 mm. from the ground surface, this will prevent the bottom of the panel from rotting from moisture.

Stage 4 - decoration of the pergola

The final stage of construction is the floristry of the pergola.

As decorative elements are used:

• paint or varnish;

• lighting;

• fabric canvases that give additional shade or privacy;

• decorative figures;

• fireplace, barbecue;

• climbing plants and flowers;

• fountain and more.

It should be noted that wooden pergolas need constant care, which consists in the timely tinting of frame elements.

Stage 5 - plants for pergola

Despite the fact that the classic wooden pergola for roses or grapes was conceived specifically to support climbing plants, it has long expanded its functions and today has become a full-fledged element of landscape design and a place for summer holidays.

Nevertheless, floristry is its integral attribute. The design of the pergola without fail includes the planting of ampelous plants. These are plant species that have creeping or creeping stems.

Climbing plants and flowers for pergolas in the country:

• pelargonium (geranium). Sun resistant, can go without watering for a long time;

• hanging begonia. Feels good in shaded corners;

• lobelia. Likes wet places;

• ampelous petunia. Likes sunny damp places;

• bacopa. Blooms throughout the season;

• climbing roses. Favorite flowers of almost every woman. Roses, quite unpretentious in care, bloom during the season.

In addition, you can decorate the pergola with flowers in pots or palm trees, which can be brought indoors during the cold season.

As you can see, each of the plants has its own preferences, which means that when choosing them, the location of the pergola and the possibility of organizing irrigation are taken into account.

Note. By installing hooks on pergola sections, you can avoid tying climbing plants, it will be enough to guide young shoots and fix them with hooks.

What climbing plants to choose for a pergola?

• to decorate the pergola, you should use local plants that have proven themselves well in the local climate;

• It is better to use plants that bloom for a long time. Or combine in such a way that they bloom in turn. Then the pergola will be transformed depending on the season;

• at different plants should have the same development time. This will create a hedge and prevent the option when some plants drown out others;

• no more than 4 types of plants should be used. The more varieties, the more difficult it is to care for them. Again - the motley pergola does not have an entirely aesthetic appearance;

• if the plants need to be transplanted for the winter, care should be taken to remove them from the trellis or shelter them for the winter. In general, it is better not to use such plants;

• for creating monolithic wall grapes (girlish or five-leafed) are great on pergola. It grows fast and is great for planting in a shady or sunny location. Peculiarity girlish grapes in the fact that in autumn it changes color: bright greens are replaced by crimson autumn colors.

• the closer the transverse crossbars of the roof are, the more shade the pergola will give, however, the less light will fall on plants;

• when installing a pergola along the walls, care must be taken that the plants do not weave along the wall (especially along the southern one), otherwise they are provided with overheating;

• the construction of a pergola in the same style with other buildings on the site will create a harmonious ensemble;

• the size of the pergola must be correlated with other buildings. Otherwise, it will shift the focus on itself and stand out against the background of the house or simply get lost;

• you should create a pergola with a margin of safety, because as the plants grow, they will begin to exert additional load on the frame. Do not forget that the pergola, braided with plants, has a large windage compared to an open gazebo;

• regular care is the key to a long service life of the pergola. A wooden or metal pergola is repainted from time to time. This will improve the appearance and protect the structure of metal and wood from destruction;

• The choice of color has a significant impact on the appearance of the pergola. Variegated - will become a bright spot against the background of the greenery of the garden, white - will create the illusion of airiness, and brown - will merge with the surrounding greenery and give the feeling of being in the forest;

• must be remembered that in winter time when the green cover is not so monolithic, all the flaws of the pergola will come out, so you need to think through the connection options during the construction process so that they are reliable and accurate.

Conclusion

A handmade garden pergola is a fashionable, beautiful and spectacular element of the landscape design of the site, as well as a way to create an extraordinary and stylish place recreation for the whole family.