We plant peanuts on our own - tips for planting on a personal plot. Potassium permanganate for plant health - reliable and irreplaceable
I decided to try to grow peanuts this year, they say that it gives a good harvest in our conditions. Tell me how to plant peanuts in open ground and when can I do it?
Since peanuts are heat-loving crops and have high temperature requirements, their cultivation on garden beds possible in regions with a warm climate. For lovers of tasty beans, you can plant a few bushes in pots and keep them on the windowsill, but today let's talk about how to plant peanuts outdoors. He will not cause much trouble, but you still need to know some secrets.
Soil preparation
It is better to prepare a plot for peanuts in the fall, choosing the brightest place in the garden. The beds where legumes grew are not suitable for this, because with, as a representative of the same family, they have common diseases. But potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and cabbage are the best for peanuts.
For autumn deep digging, organic matter (humus or compost) should be added to the planned planting site. In the spring, the earth should be loosened again shallowly with the parallel application of nitrophoska (50 g per 1 sq. M. Plot).
Acidic soil needs to be limed because peanuts don't like it.
Seed preparation
Peanuts for planting can be purchased at the store, while both whole beans in the shell and shelled are suitable. The main thing is that they are raw, since fried nuts, of course, will not give sprouts. When choosing a variety, it is better to give preference to zoned species that are most adapted to a particular region. In general, some of the best varieties of peanuts that grow well in temperate climates include:
- Valencia 433;
- Stepnyak;
- Klinskaya.
Many gardeners are interested in the question of whether seeds need to be germinated. It is very difficult to answer it unambiguously, it depends on the specific area and its climatic conditions. In regions where spring comes late and there are often return frosts, it is better to plant dry beans, otherwise the quickly hatched sprouts will freeze. But for the area where stable warm weather has been established since the end of May, peanuts can be germinated before planting. They do this at the end of April, having previously treated the beans with potassium permanganate. Sprouted peanuts should be hardened by keeping them for several days in a cool room.
Landing and care rules
You can plant peanuts in rows, leaving a distance of up to 20 cm between the holes, and at least 60 cm between the rows. A chess pattern is also suitable, where there will be 50 cm between the bushes. At least 3 seeds should be laid out in one hole.
You can start planting peanuts in the garden no earlier than mid-May, when the air temperature reaches stable values of 20 degrees Celsius. Usually gardeners are guided by the flowering of acacia.
The name of this nut comes from the Greek word "arachne", which means "spider". A bit unusual, isn't it? However, everything is explained very simply - a cobweb-like pattern is clearly visible on its shell. Although it can be called a nut very conditionally, since it belongs to oilseed and
Where does peanut grow?
The most valuable nuts are those that have grown in Argentina and the United States. Many are grown in China. Significant plantations are occupied by this crop in southern Africa and India.
Peanuts at home
It may seem surprising, but this nut does not belong to the group of wild plants. Peanuts will greatly decorate your home greenhouse. How to plant it? Very simple, besides this plant does not need special care. Planting and growing peanuts is no more difficult than growing room violet, and the benefits of it are much greater.
Peanuts: planting, growing
Planting material can be ordinary nuts, which are now sold in abundance in all stores. It is not necessary to remove the shell from them. Soak the nuts in water, and then lay them on a cloth and wait for the sprouts to appear. As soon as they appear, nuts can be planted in the soil. Peanuts are planted in moist, loose soil with a small amount of sand. You need to know that this plant is thermophilic, so it is advisable to soak it in April. In this case, it will actively develop in the summer months. During this period, it grows most intensively. But if you dare to put him in more late dates, then you will need to carefully monitor the temperature and lighting.
Necessary care
We talked about the fact that plant care is not too difficult, but this does not mean at all that it is enough to plant peanuts in a pot and put them on the balcony. How to plant it so that you get valuable fruits as a result? During flowering, the plant needs abundant watering, and after it ends, much less water will be required. During the flowering period, the plant is able to decorate any greenhouse - bright yellow-orange flowers appear on it. When they fall, gynophores appear in their place - processes that grow upward for some time, and then rush to the ground. Entering it, they form ovaries, from which a nut is later formed in the ground.
Novice flower growers and gardeners should be aware that genophores are not always able to reach the ground themselves. Therefore, for very tall plants, you can use ordinary egg shells filled with earth, which should be substituted under the genophores. As soon as the leaves on the plant begin to turn yellow, this means that the nuts are fully ripe and can be removed from the soil. Peanuts are an annual plant, therefore, having received a crop, you will have to part with it.
Outdoor cultivation
Planting peanuts on personal plot slightly different from growing it at home. In the southern regions of our country, germinated kernels can be planted in open ground in the middle or end of May, when the air temperature is set at +20 - +25 degrees. During the summer months, the plant will develop well and you will harvest quality peanuts. How about in more northern latitudes? In this case, it is more expedient to use seedlings, which should be started growing in early April, and in early June it can already be planted in open ground.
Pay attention to where your peanuts will grow. How to plant it most successfully? It should be an open, well-lit garden bed, where potatoes, cucumbers, cabbage were previously grown, but in no case other legumes.
Harvesting
When the bushes begin to dry out, you can collect the walnut. This usually happens in early October. On the day you start harvesting, the weather should be sunny and warm so that the soil is completely dry. By the way, a week before this, watering the plant should be completely stopped. In this case, the bush will come out easily. It is more convenient to dig up peanuts with a pitchfork - gently pry the rhizome so that the nuts remain on the bush.
Spread the dug-out plants for 2-3 days in a dry, well-ventilated area. Then the cocoons with nuts can be collected and left at room temperature until completely dry. You will learn about this by shaking the cocoon - the nuts should roll freely in it.
Use of peanut
Although you now know how to plant peanuts, do not expect that on the windowsill or balcony you will be able to grow a multi-kilogram crop, but the average person does not need such an amount. Peanuts are high in calories and contain a lot of fiber. Use it in large quantities nutritionists do not recommend. This nut has found wide application in cooking. It is used in the preparation of various sauces, meat dishes, confectionery.
How to store peanuts?
If you have harvested a large crop, then you should take care of its storage. He must certainly remain in his skin. Place it in an airtight container and refrigerate. In this form, it can be stored for up to six months. You can leave the nut dry and dark place- it will be usable for three months. But if you freeze it, then this period will increase to a year.
Peanuts: benefits and harms
In fairness, it should be noted that this product is completely unpredictable - it can be extremely useful for the human body, or it can seriously harm. Until now, disputes between scientists and nutritionists on these issues have not subsided. So where is the truth?
TO undeniable merits peanuts should include the following qualities:
Antioxidant properties;
Improves blood clotting;
Strengthens immunity;
Enriched with vitamins A & B, fat & protein.
Negative properties:
Slows down blood flow, which negatively affects blood vessels;
It is a fairly active allergen;
Contains a large amount of fat.
As you can see, the pros and cons in this plant are approximately equal, so remember that the measure is important in everything, and in the use of peanuts too.
Planting and caring for peanuts (in a nutshell)
- Landing: sowing seeds in open ground - in mid-May.
- Lighting: bright light.
- The soil: moist, light, with a content of humus, calcium and magnesium, sandy loam or chernozem of neutral reaction.
- Watering: after drying of the top layer of soil. During flowering - 1-2 times a week in the morning, after flowering watering is moderate, but evening spraying of peanuts is necessary warm water. In a drought, sprinkling or watering along the furrows between the rows is desirable. In a season with normal rainfall, 4-5 waterings will be needed.
- top dressing: full mineral fertilizer: 1st - when shoots reach a height of 10 cm; 2nd - at the beginning of fruiting.
- reproduction: seed.
- Pests: thrips, aphids, caterpillars and wireworms.
- Diseases: affected powdery mildew, phyllostictosis, Alternariosis, Fusarium wilt and gray mold.
Read more about growing peanuts below.
Peanut plant - description
The peanut is cultivated annual plant up to 70 cm high with strongly branched shoots. Its root is also branched, taproot, the stems are erect, pubescent or glabrous, slightly faceted, with recumbent or upward lateral branches. Peanut leaves are pubescent, alternate, 3 to 11 cm long, paired, with a grooved petiole and two pairs of pointed elliptical leaflets. Peanuts bloom with whitish or yellow-red flowers, collected 4-7 pieces in short axillary inflorescences. Despite the fact that each peanut flower blooms for only one day, and fades by evening, the flowering of the whole plant lasts from late June or early July until late autumn. Peanut fruits are oval, swollen, two-to-four-seeded beans, one and a half to six centimeters long, with a cobweb pattern. As they mature, they lean towards the ground, sink into it, and mature there. Peanut seeds are oblong, bean-sized, covered with dark red, light pink, cream or greyish-yellow skin. Peanut fruits ripen in September-October.
Planting peanuts in open ground
How peanuts grow.
Peanut cultivation is carried out on open areas with intense lighting without the slightest hint of shadow from buildings or other plants. Peanuts grow at temperatures above 20 ºC - if the temperature drops by literally two degrees, the growth of the plant stops. The easiest way to grow peanuts in Ukraine and other warm regions is to sow its seeds in the ground at the time when the acacia is in bloom. Peanuts in Russia, especially in areas with a cool climate, are best grown seedling way.
When to plant peanuts in the ground.
Since peanuts can only be planted in warm soil, they do this after sowing gourds, when the earth warms up to 12-14 ºC, which means not earlier than mid-May. Please note that returns spring frosts detrimental to peanuts. As seed, you can use peanuts bought in a store or on the market, but not fried, not candied and not salted.
Then you can plant peanuts.
When growing peanuts, it is very important to observe crop rotation. It grows best after crops such as cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes and potatoes, especially if these crops were introduced organic fertilizers. But after legumes (beans, peas, beans, lentils), peanuts are not grown, because the plant can develop root rot.
Soil for peanuts.
The soil for peanuts should be moist, light and neutral, with a high content of humus, magnesium and calcium - black soil or sandy loam. The culture does not tolerate saline soils, but acidic soils you need to lime before planting peanuts.
The site for planting peanuts is prepared in advance: under autumn digging soil to a depth of 25-30 cm for each m² of area contribute from 1 to 3 kg of humus. In the spring, the soil is again dug up, but not so deep, and adding 50 g of Nitrofoska to the soil for each m² of land.
How to plant peanuts.
How to plant peanuts Peanuts are planted in holes 10 cm deep, staggered at a distance of 50 cm from one another. The gap between the rows is left within 25-30 cm. You can sow peanuts in the garden in a square-nested way according to the scheme 60x60 or 70x70 cm. Planting peanuts can also be done in a wide-row way, observing the row spacing of 60-70 cm and the distance between plants in a row of 15- 20 cm. 3 large seeds are placed in each well, since small ones may not germinate. After planting the seeds, the bed is watered abundantly from a hose through a shower head under low pressure so as not to wash out the soil.
How to grow peanuts.
How to grow peanuts in the garden? Caring for peanuts consists in watering the beds during the drought period, weeding, loosening the soil and top dressing. Young low seedlings must be protected from weeds. Weeding can be combined with loosening the soil, and vice versa. At the end of flowering, 1.5-2 months after sowing, the growing ovaries will begin to descend to the ground and germinate into the soil, where peanuts will ripen. As soon as the ovaries begin to bend down to the ground, the bushes are spudded with moist, loose soil, like potatoes, so that the receptacle can quickly reach the nutrient medium. Instead of hilling, you can add a layer of mulch of humus, sawdust, sand or peat at least 5 cm thick to the bed. On average, 30-50 beans ripen under each bush, each of which contains from 1 to 7 seeds.
Watering peanuts.
Groundnuts like moist but not wet soil. It needs to be watered when it dries out. upper layer soil. During flowering, it is watered abundantly, once or twice a week in the morning, after flowering, it does not need watering as much as spraying in evening time in a day or two. If it rains during the ripening period of peanuts, cover the bed with polyethylene. And in a drought, it is best to sprinkle peanuts, but if this is not possible, then water the peanuts along the furrows between the rows. In total, 4-5 irrigations are carried out per season.
Peanut nutrition.
For the first time, peanuts are fed with a solution of 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 45 g of potassium salt and 70 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water when the seedlings reach 10 cm in height. The second time - at the beginning of fruiting, although this top dressing is optional.
Peanuts at home.
Choose strong and healthy peanut seeds and soak them overnight in a bowl of water and a drop of Epin. In the morning they should have small white sprouts. Plant the seeds in loose soil placed in a wide bowl. Peanuts germinate very quickly, and immediately after flowering, hypophores are formed in place of the flowers, which, bending, go into the ground, where peanut beans develop. Did you know that peanuts grow underground? They contain peanut crops away from drafts, on the southern windowsill, but at noon the plant needs shading. Water the peanuts regularly, but be careful not to allow water to stagnate in the roots. Spray on peanuts on hot days to prevent colonization spider mites. Two and a half or three months after germination, peanut leaves begin to turn red, and this is a sign for you that peanuts in the soil are already ripe.
Pests and diseases of peanuts
Peanuts can be infected with powdery mildew, phyllosticosis, Alternaria, Fusarium wilt and gray mold.
powdery mildew- the first signs of this disease look like single spots of mealy plaque on both sides of the leaves, which, with the course of the disease, grow and cover the entire leaf, from which it turns yellow and dries. It affects the disease and stems, and even embryos. With a strong infection in the fight against powdery mildew, they resort to processing peanuts systemic fungicides- Bravo, Quadris, Ridomil, Switch, Skorom, Topaz or Horus.
phyllostictosis, or leaf spot, not so harmful disease, but it is necessary to fight it. The onset of the disease can be recognized by small brown spots growing up to 6 mm in diameter. Gradually, their middle fades, the fabric in it dies off, and the border becomes brown-violet. phyllostictosis progresses during the period high humidity air. Effective in the fight against disease, plant treatment with broad-spectrum fungicides.
Alternariosis, or black leaf spot, manifests itself in years when, at the end of the growing season, humid and warm weather is established for a long time. Black spots up to 15 cm in diameter form on the edges of the leaves, which grow and merge with the development of the disease, causing the edges of the leaves to die. On the spots, you can see a dense black coating of the fungus. In order to prevent the development of the disease, it is necessary to observe the agricultural technology of the species, which serves to increase the resistance of the plant to the pathogen.
Fusarium wilt manifests itself in the form of root rot, causing the cessation of growth and development of the plant, yellowing of its ground parts and rapid death. The danger of the disease is that it can subside for a while, but during the period of flowering and fruiting it develops with renewed vigor, which leads to the death of plants even before harvesting. Observance of agricultural technology and timely harvesting will help to prevent Fusarium wilt.
Gray rot usually occurs at the end of peanut flowering and manifests itself as rusty-brown spots, which pass from the leaves along the petioles to the stems, causing their upper part to wither and die. On the affected plants, fruits do not form, and those that have already formed are deformed. The active development of the disease is observed at the end of summer in conditions of humid and warm weather. It is possible to prevent the appearance of gray rot only by growing peanuts on a high agricultural background.
Sometimes peanuts can also suffer from dwarfism, dry rot, ramularia and cercosporosis.
Of the pests, thrips, aphids and caterpillars can annoy peanuts, which you can get rid of by sprinkling a garden bed with a mixture of wood ash and tobacco dust, and peanuts are treated with insectoacaricides from thrips. Worst of all, if the peanuts begin to eat wireworms - the larvae of the click beetle living in the ground. Their destructive activity is not hindered even by the fact that peanuts are in shell - they easily gnaw through it and feed on peanut seeds. To destroy wireworms, pit traps are dug in several places, in which pieces of beets, carrots or potatoes are placed. The traps are covered with boards, pieces of slate or metal, and after a while they open and destroy the larvae that crawled to feed.
In order to minimize the risk of pests appearing on the garden bed, observe crop rotation and agricultural technology of the species, remove weed grass from the site in a timely manner.
Harvesting and storing peanuts
As soon as the peanut leaves turn yellow, dig up a couple of beans, and if the seeds from them are easily shelled, be ready to harvest. Usually peanuts are harvested when the air temperature is kept steadily within 10 ºC. Do not delay harvesting until the cold weather, because after the soil freezes, the seeds pick up bitterness and become unsuitable for food. Wait for a nice sunny day and start cleaning. Forks are used to dig up fruits. After being removed from the ground, the beans are separated from the stems and dried on fresh air in the shadow. When the shell is dry, place the beans in cloth bags and store in dry room with good ventilation and temperature not higher than 10 ºC.
Types and varieties of peanuts
There are more than 70 types of peanuts in the legume family. Several species are grown in South America, but outside of this continent, only two species are cultivated - cultivated peanuts and pinto peanuts. A huge number of cultivars of peanuts are conventionally divided into four groups:
Spanish group (Spanish varieties)
- This small peanut is grown in South Africa, as well as in the southeast and southwest of the United States. The Spanish type of peanut is characterized by a higher oil content than in varieties of other types. Spanish peanuts have medium-sized kernels in a pink-brown shell, which are used mainly for the production of peanut butter, candied and salted nuts. The largest suppliers of Spanish peanuts are Texas and Oklahoma. To the best varieties of peanuts Spanish type include Dixie Spanish, Spantex, Argentinian, Spanet, Natal ordinary, Star, Comet, Spanhoma, Florispan, Spankromm, Tamspan 90, O'Lean, Spanko, Wilko, White Core, Shafers Spanish and others.
Valencia Group
represents varieties for the most part with large kernels. These are tall plants, reaching a height of 125 cm, with three-seeded smooth fruits. The seeds are oval, in a bright red shell, for which they are often called redskins (redskin). This group is a subgroup of the Spanish.
Group Runner
- varieties of this group are superior in taste to varieties of the Spanish type, in addition, Runner is better fried and gives higher yields. The kernels of the Runner varieties are large and oblong. They are used for the production of peanut butter and salted nuts for beer. The best varieties in the Runner group are Dixie Runner, Early Runner, Virginia Bunch 67, Bradford Runner, Egyptian Giant, North Carolina Runner 56-15, Georgia Green, Fragrant Runner 458, Southeast Runner 56-15 and others.
Virginia Group
- These selected, large peanuts are roasted in their shells and used for confectionery. The best varieties of the Virginia group are Shulamit, Hull, Wilson, Gregory, Virginia 98R, Perry, Virginia 92R, North Carolina 7, North Carolina 9 and others.
Peanut properties - harm and benefit
What are the benefits of peanuts? To understand the benefits of peanuts, you need to study its composition. Peanuts contain linoleic, pantothenic and folic acids, vegetable fats, glutenins, easily digestible proteins, starch, sugars, vitamins A, E, D, PP, B1 and B2, iron, macronutrients magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. The composition of its fruits includes antioxidants, and this makes peanuts, along with strawberries, pomegranates, blackberries and red wine, one of the most effective means prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
Peanut proteins have an optimal ratio of amino acids, and this is the reason for their excellent digestibility by the human body. The fats contained in peanuts have a mild choleretic effect, which is useful for gastritis and stomach ulcers. Folic acid promotes the renewal of body cells, and a large number of antioxidants protect cells from free radicals and prevent vascular ischemia, heart disease, early aging, atherosclerosis and the formation of cancer cells.
Peanuts have a calming effect on people with increased excitability, help to restore strength faster, improve memory, increase potency, increase sexual desire, and eliminate insomnia.
Due to their high protein content, peanuts increase the feeling of fullness, which is why nutritionists often use them as the basis of diets for weight loss. What peanuts do not contain is cholesterol.
Peanuts - contraindications.
Anyone, even the most useful product, if used in excessive quantities, it can harm, therefore, the use of peanuts must be observed in moderation, especially for those who suffer from excess weight. The harm of peanuts can affect people prone to allergies, especially if you eat its kernels along with the skin, which contains strong allergens.
Contraindications to the use of peanuts are also arthritis and arthrosis. We recommend that you monitor the quality of the product, as moldy or rancid peanuts can lead to poisoning.
Peanut fruits are a tasty and healthy delicacy that contains a whole range of elements necessary for the body: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, antioxidants. It is loved by adults and children, it is also popular with summer residents: planting peanuts in the plots for many of them has already become a familiar activity. It's hard to believe, but it's possible to get nutritious nuts at home if you provide the potted plant with the right care.
Features of culture and choice of place for it
Peanuts originate from the countries of the South American continent - Argentina and Bolivia. It was from there that culture spread throughout the world, conquering in turn India, Japan, the Philippine Islands, Madagascar, China, Turkey, Africa, Spain, France, and the USA. It has been known in Russia since the 18th century. The peanut is thermophilic and demanding in terms of climatic conditions, but growing it in open field nevertheless it is possible. On the Eurasian continent, it is successfully bred in limited areas: in the southern regions of Ukraine, in the North Caucasus, in Transcaucasia, middle lane Russia.
To plant peanuts in the garden, you need to choose a bright area, which in the spring is quickly freed from snow and dries out, and in the summer it warms up well with the sun's rays. It develops best at higher elevations. Even weak shading has a bad effect on the plant, leading to a significant decrease in yield. Cold winds are also destructive for him, so the site must be protected from them.
The peculiarity of peanuts is that its fruits develop in the ground, the ovaries fall into it after pollination. Therefore, for a plant key value acquire the quality and structure of the soil. This southerner needs a neutral ground. If the soil on the site is characterized hyperacidity, for planting peanuts, it will have to be prepared by adding the following components:
- limestone (regular or dolomitic);
- limestone tuff;
- lake lime (limestone).
Peanut prefers earth rich in calcium and magnesium. It develops best on light, as loose as possible, well-permeable water and air soils with a significant admixture of sand. If the soil in the area is dense and moisture stagnates in it, this will complicate the cultivation of the crop. Providing good drainage will help cope with unfavorable conditions for peanuts. Soils with a high salt content are not suitable for peanuts. It is reduced by adding special formulations(phosphogypsum, building plaster), after which the earth must be enriched with organic fertilizers.
Landing pattern
Peanuts are planted in open ground in late spring, usually in the middle or second half of May. Frosts are detrimental to the crop, so you need to wait for the days when their probability becomes minimal. Place the seeds of the plant in well-warmed soil. Its temperature should be at least 12-15°C. The growing season of the peanut is long, so in areas with temperate climate its fruits have time to ripen if it is planted in seedlings. Growing peanuts on the site will be more successful when using seeds from released crop varieties.
You can also plant this nut in beans. Experienced gardeners recommend this method of breeding. Beans contain a lot nutrients, contributing to the full development of seedlings, so the sprouts will hatch through the soil faster and be stronger and healthier than when planting peanut seeds.
Sow the seeds in pre-prepared holes, placing 3-5 pieces in each. Peanut care is close to potato farming and involves periodic hilling of plantings. So that its cultivation does not bring trouble, the beds should be made wide - at least 45 cm, and between the rows leave at least 0.5 m free space. It is from there that the land for hilling will be taken. Holes are made every 25-30 cm. Peanuts are planted at an average depth, the soil layer above the seeds should be 5 cm.
Can be sown peanut and differently. Along the sides of the beds, 2 deep (10 cm) furrows are carried out. Seeds are placed in them at a distance of 8-10 cm from each other. To make caring for peanuts easier, and the plants themselves develop well, the interval between adjacent bushes should be 15 cm. If the shoots are more frequent, they are thinned out. But this is not always the case. Some of the seeds do not germinate, some are damaged by insects. Therefore, it is better to play it safe and sow them more often. When all the seeds have been spread out, the furrows are covered with soil, leveling the surface of the beds. It is more efficient to use a rake for this, turning them upside down.
The planting of the peanut in open ground is completed with abundant watering. It is carried out with a watering can or from a hose, putting on them a special nozzle so as not to erode the soil. Planting should be watered slowly and with a weak pressure of water, thoroughly moistening the entire surface of the bed. It is better to walk along it 2-3 times in order to saturate the soil with water as much as possible. The signal for the end of watering will be the appearance of puddles in the garden. If lime or gypsum was added to the soil, after a couple of hours its surface may become covered with cracks. This is a natural consequence of the procedures carried out, it will disappear by itself after several planned waterings.
The specifics of the seedling method
Many gardeners prefer to grow crops through seedlings. The main advantage of this method over sowing peanut seeds directly in open ground is the ability to get more yield. In order for seedlings to be strong and healthy, it is important to use high-quality planting material. It is better to sow it in peat pots. In their absence, plastic or cardboard cups and any other shallow containers are suitable. The procedure is carried out in April.
Containers for future seedlings are filled with a loose and nutritious substrate. It is not difficult to prepare it at home, it is enough to thoroughly mix the soil from the site with humus and sand, taken in equal quantities. Before planting, the seeds are placed in a solution of potassium permanganate. This will reduce the risk of disease on tender seedlings.
Spreading the seeds in holes 3-4 cm deep, they are covered with soil. In order for them to germinate faster, the containers are covered with a film or glass, after which they are placed in a warm, bright place where direct drops do not fall on them. Sun rays. No home care for peanut seedlings distinctive features compared to others vegetable crops does not have. It will be possible to transplant plants to a permanent place in the garden in May, when the soil warms up enough, and the first frosts will definitely be left behind. Usually this time comes 2 weeks after germination.
Breeding peanuts indoors
Peanuts are an amazing crop that can bring a crop even in a pot. It will not be as plentiful as when grown outdoors, but how much pleasure the very fact of getting it at home will bring. Seeds or beans are planted in large pots in the spring, observing the requirements of the culture for the composition and structure of the soil. When using a whole fruit, it is recommended to slightly squeeze it with your hands so that the shell cracks slightly.
A layer of drainage must be laid at the bottom of the pot. Plant peanuts to a depth of 2 cm, placing seeds or beans in the center of the container. After carefully watering the earth in a pot, it is covered with a film in which several holes are made so that the plantings can breathe. You can use a cellophane bag. For fast seed germination at home, it is important that the room temperature does not fall below 20°C.
The soil in the pot should not dry out, but the planting will not tolerate excess moisture either. A walnut grown indoors is watered infrequently, about once every 2 weeks. Caring for it involves regular spraying. Seedlings can be expected after 2-3 weeks. Outwardly, they look like clover. When the sprouts get a little stronger, they are thinned out, leaving 3-4 of the strongest specimens.
Agricultural rules
This nut feels most comfortable in warm weather, when the air warms up to 20 ° C and above. Temperatures in the range of 15-19 ° C do not affect the development of bushes, but lower temperatures stop their growth. Therefore, growing peanuts will require constant attention to the weather forecast. When cold days come, he will need protection. The beds are covered with a film or special material.
Landing care is easy. It consists of 5 procedures:
- regular hilling;
- timely removal of weeds;
- loosening;
- top dressing;
- glaze.
During the growing season, peanuts are spudded 4-5 times. The frequency and correctness of the procedure depends on how much harvest the bushes will bring. The plant itself will tell you the time for the first hilling: its fruitful shoots will sink to the soil. This usually happens on the 10th day after the completion of flowering. Landings should be planted as high as possible. This will make it easier for the ovaries to penetrate the soil, and the peanuts will lay more tiers with nuts. It is better to carry out the procedure after intensive watering.
During the period of budding and flowering, the bushes need a lot of moisture. But here it is important not to overdo it, since waterlogging of the soil is fraught with rotting of peanut roots. At this time, plantings are watered a maximum of twice a week with warm water. They will also need to be fertilized with complex mineral preparations with a high content of phosphorus and potassium. Top dressing is carried out three times per season. When the peanut has faded, the frequency of watering is determined by weather conditions. If the summer turned out to be rainy, natural moisture will be enough for him. On dry hot days, plantings will still need watering, but rare and not plentiful.
In order for peanut fruits to ripen faster, soil moisture is minimized in September, and it is completely stopped 2 weeks before harvest.
Until the nut has closed its leaves, you need to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the beds. Weeds clog young plants, so they are regularly removed. Under adult well-developed bushes, excess grass simply does not grow. 
Cultivation of peanuts on the site - great way Treat yourself and loved ones with delicious and nutritious nuts. Its cultivation cannot be called laborious and troublesome, the agricultural technology of the culture is quite simple, although it will require some knowledge. Planting in well-prepared soil, hilling, watering and fertilizing - following these rules will allow you to get a valuable harvest and fully enjoy the surprise and delight of those for whom peanuts are still an exotic guest on store shelves.
The difficulty in breeding a peanut can only be its exclusive dependence on heat. With its lack, the bush will simply stop growing, and you will have to forget about the harvest. Therefore, it can not be grown everywhere, but only in those areas where watermelons and melons have time to ripen over the summer. But here, too, you will need to carefully monitor the thermometer and always be ready to protect the plantings from the cold.
How to plant peanuts to get a big harvest? After all, this is a wonderful tasty and very healthy nut which is native to South America. There it grows like wild perennial. He came to Europe a very long time ago, but for a long time was known as the "Chinese pistachio", although it has nothing in common with it.
About peanuts
An annual, called "peanut", reaches a height of 80 cm. The size and taste depend on the variety and growing conditions. How larger fruits and the more nutritious the soil, the higher its aerial part. It is noteworthy, but the color of peanuts directly depends on the soil. If it is grown in light lands, the kernels will turn into light oil
Numerous stems of it can be both erect and lying in the aisles. The leaves of the plant are two-paired, but in general it resembles alfalfa. The flowers are unusual and funny, there are underground and growing above the ground. Underground ones are pollinated in unopened buds, and aboveground ones, located in the axils of the leaves, attract attention with their bright yellow color.
After self-pollination, a thin sprout develops - a gynophore, which tends to burrow into the ground along with the ovary. If the soil is too dense or difficult to reach, the thin filaments of the gynophore wither and die, remaining dried hairs on the plant.
Fruits are formed in the soil - oblong beans with valves. One bush can produce a crop of 30 beans, which contain nuts - grains. Mostly in beans from 2 to 4 pieces, sometimes up to 6 pieces. nuclei.
About the benefits of nuts
Everyone loves peanuts and there is a reason for it, it is useful both and well. Peanut grains contain a large amount of vitamins, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, proteins and fats. It is very nutritious and satisfying - there are 550 kcal per 100 g of nuts. Easily digestible, rich in antioxidants, helps in the treatment of many diseases, improves lactation, is an indispensable raw material in the culinary and confectionery industries.
Peanut oil in its qualities can be compared with olive oil and will not yield to it at all. All components of the peanut have been used in humans - the tops and shells are used to feed livestock, nuts and oil are used in cosmetology and pharmacology. A nutritious paste is made from peanut kernels, which, in terms of energy value, can replace not only bread, but also meat.
Where to start growing
If a person first thought about how to plant peanuts in his garden, the main question for him will be where to get the seeds. For these purposes, raw nuts from bags are not suitable, especially fried, salted or candied. It is better to look for seeds in special stores for gardeners or purchase them online. It is advisable to take whole beans for planting - this will increase the chances of success.
Both grains and beans are germinated on a saucer in a cloth moistened with water. All this is covered with oilcloth and placed away from drafts in a warm place. If after a couple of days the nuts swell and sprouts appear, the seeds are suitable.
Agricultural technology
Knowledgeable gardeners know how to properly plant peanuts. After all, this is a thermophilic culture and seed germination is observed in well-warmed soil, at least 10 C., if a cold snap occurs, the sprouts die or become moldy. Therefore, you should not rush to plant seedlings. This is especially true for residents of places where spring comes late. And given that the development period of the plant will take 150 days, and it will still take time for the seedlings to sprout, then the harvest will have to be harvested far from September.
How to plant peanuts and get a crop in this case? You will have to plant it in a pot method and get a 60-day seedling. The peanut loves moisture. When the earth dries out, the plant withers very quickly and stops growing, which greatly increases growing season. And if the ovaries are buried in the soil, in the absence of watering, they stop developing and may die. Those ovaries that try to penetrate dry soil will also not be able to strengthen and will wither.
pledge high yield is soil fertility. The plant needs to be fed mineral fertilizers. The more fertile the land, the more beans will form.
Seedlings of the plant do not develop quickly and if the beds are overgrown with weeds, the grass can easily drown out the crop. Peanuts should be planted in a sunny, well-fertilized area, cleared of weeds.
Peanuts in the seed garden
Since it is not enough to plant peanuts in the garden in a bright place warmed by the rays - you still need to provide the plant with the most loose soil. Moisture-loving nut requires frequent watering especially in dry climates. The owner must plant the plant so that in the future it will be convenient to water the bush in the required volume.
Priming
Clay heavy soil is not suitable for a walnut; it loves light soils that can be dug into. The site for planting a peanut should be prepared in the fall, and in the spring, when digging, lumps should be broken, weed roots and sleeping pest pupae should be pulled out. The soil is then leveled and fertilized. When digging up the earth, you need to choose a bed, mark the width and length. Row spacing should be at least 50 cm wide.
fertilizers
Gypsum 5 kg. at 40 boric acid- when the soil is alkaline, chalk 5 kg. +40 g of boric acid - on oxidized soils. The mixture must be spread evenly 100 g per 1 meter. Then fertilize with universal top dressing mixed with urea and potassium magnesia, 1 g each. per bag of fertilizer. After scattering with a rake, small sides of 10-15 cm around the perimeter are made from row spacing. The bed inside is leveled and mixed with fertilizers. It turns out a soil trough with flat surface land, surrounded by dry soil. Then proceed to disembarkation.
Landing
Two furrows are made 10 cm deep, and seeds are laid out along the heaped sides at an interval of 8-10 cm. If all the grains germinate, they are thinned out by 15 cm. After sowing, the bed should be watered abundantly, but very carefully so as not to erode the soil. Gypsum can dry out and crack on the surface, but after a couple of waterings everything will be fixed. If necessary, a film shelter is installed over the bed.
Care
The sprouts that appear must be cleaned of weeds. First, weed the aisles, then process the places between the bushes. Gently loosen the soil with a small hoe or fork. After weeding, the soil is watered. Then once a week repeat the procedure of loosening and watering. When the plants grow up, they will appear yellow flowers. At this time, it is advisable to fertilize the land again with a mixture applied during sowing. They scatter it in the center of the beds, and then spud the bushes. Re-form the sides and water.
For irrigation, it is better to organize an automated drip system in the center of the garden. Then, in the course of plant development, watering, weeding, getting rid of pests and moles is carried out. If the nut does not grow well, you can feed the soil again. A month before harvest, fertilization is completely stopped, while reducing watering. When the foliage begins to turn yellow, stop watering completely.
If all the conditions for growing are not observed, the plant can get root rot and become covered with light spots.
Pests
Bears, birds, mice like to feast on seedlings. To successfully combat them, you can build a scarecrow or take the following measures:
- collect cleaning and dry grass, hay;
- dig in the garden;
- cover everything with roofing material;
- sprinkle with manure or plant debris on top.
Bears will fall into this trap. They will need to be periodically collected, destroyed or fed to poultry.
Harvesting
Since we managed to plant peanuts and take care of them, in compliance with all the rules, we can hope for good harvest. At the end of summer, peanut foliage will wither and turn yellow. This is not a disease, but a normal natural process. The bush has planted a crop and one nut can be dug up for testing. If the beans are not ripe, then you will have to wait for the first frost. Watering is stopped, but if the land is very dry, it will need to be moistened to avoid severe drying of the soil.
Start collecting from the end of the beds. The base of the stem is dug up with a pitchfork, prying the rhizome and shaking off the ground from the bush, lay it to the side. The bushes are folded root to root, and loose beans are selected from the soil.
Plants are harvested and dried in a ventilated place, where the nuts can finally ripen and increase in weight. After 2 weeks, the nuts are washed from the ground and dried again. You can dry them on the radiator, on the stove or on the heater. The process will take a couple of weeks, otherwise the nuts will quickly become moldy and will not reveal all the taste. The readiness of the beans is determined by the sound. If the sashes are dry, break well in half and ring, then you can eat them.
Storage
Beans are stored in bags or immediately shelled. Peanuts can be roasted and immersed in a fried container, tightly covered and placed in a cold or, conversely, warm place near the oven.
Important! The shell of the nuclei does not need to be thrown away. On its surface are microscopic beneficial fungi. When planting, the shells are ground and thrown into the ground.
Peanuts at home
How to plant peanuts at home when the weather and climate do not allow growing them outdoors? This will require seeds, peat pots, soil mixture and film.
So how to get peanuts without good seeds fail, they should be purchased from a trusted supplier. They must be free from damage, damage and cracks. There are large and small seeds. Larger crops are always larger and tastier. You do not need to take a lot at once, but first try to grow a few bushes. The following year, your window garden can be enlarged.
Heated fertile soil is poured into flower pot, and if you plan to transplant to open space, the seeds are planted in a peat container. If the plant is supposed to grow on the windowsill, drainage is laid out at the bottom of the pot. The soil is given Special attention, light porous earth mixed with river sand or peat is suitable.
It is necessary to take into account the conditions under which the nut will grow. After all, this is an exotic culture - it does not tolerate drafts and direct exposure to the sun. The most suitable temperature for germination is 25 C. The dishes should be chosen at least 30 cm in diameter and 40 cm deep.
3-4 nuts, previously peeled and soaked in water, are placed 2 cm in the center of the container, sprinkled with earth on top. The earth is slightly moistened, covered with cellophane and placed on the windowsill. When shoots appear, begin thorough watering. When the plant begins to lean, tie it to a peg. The yellow flowers that appear are self-pollinated and fall off, forming an ovary. The genophore, which has strengthened in the soil, will begin to form fruits. After 4-5 months. the peanut will finally ripen and give a harvest. It will be possible to notice this by wilted yellowed leaves, signaling the final maturation.
Peanuts love space and therefore it should be transplanted into a spacious dish, adding humus to the soil. Overdried land destroys the plant, so soil moisture must be carefully monitored. It does not tolerate waterlogging, as well as overdrying, excessive moisture can slow down the development of the plant.
When the bush is removed from the ground, the beans are separated from the branches and dried. You can dry them well in the oven.
Planting peanuts is not difficult, but it requires a lot of care. The main thing is to look after the friability of the soil, fertilize, weed and water the plant in a timely manner. Then the nut will please worthy harvest which will bring many benefits to the owners.
