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Coniferous trees: diseases and treatment. Causes of diseases of coniferous plants. Fungal and parasitic diseases. Prevention and treatment measures Diseases of coniferous trees and their treatment

coniferous plants for a long time do not lose their attractiveness and can delight with their appearance for many years, being located throughout the summer cottage. Such plants can be not only a decoration of the territory, but also an excellent material for creating various kinds of woody compositions. These trees are long-lived and single view all year round, but also like other plants, can suffer from pests and a variety of diseases.

In order to keep plants healthy, they need proper care and some knowledge that will help to recognize or generally prevent the onset of the disease. There are plenty of such diseases and every coniferous plant, whether it be pine, spruce or thuja, can suffer from it.

Schutte conifer diseases

gray mold disease

Such a disease coniferous plants, like gray mold, most often affects young plants, or rather, their aerial part. This disease occurs in dense parks and forest belts, in neglected nurseries, where trees grow very densely and are poorly ventilated. Also, the disease can be caused by insufficient lighting. It manifests itself quite simply - with affected shoots, which are covered with a kind of gray-brown bloom.

real schütte

This disease of coniferous plants is fungal. Basically, the disease is manifested by the darkening of the needles and its premature fall. Mostly young, immature plants are affected, which quite often die. The disease is active year-round and, starting from spring with a bloom on the needles, but continues until late autumn, when it covers the needles with brown spots and gradually grows. The disease continues to live even on needles crumbling to the ground.

Ordinary Shutte

The disease is caused by the same fungus Lophodermium seditiosum. It is accompanied by a change in the color of the needles, which turns yellow during the year, then takes on a brighter color and falls off. In the course of the disease, the needles can become overgrown with the body of the fungus. At this moment, thin, transverse lines appear on the needles, which grow very quickly throughout the tree. The disease develops very quickly in warm and moderate conditions: average temperature, sunny weather, rain, dew. The disease affects young and immature plants, both in nurseries and on open field.

Snow Shutte

The disease is caused by a fungus Phlacidium infestans, striking, most often, different types pines. It develops under snow cover and can lead normal life even at temperatures below zero degrees. In the spring, when the snow melts, the fungus begins to grow more intensively, and every moment captures the next needle. The needles darken, gradually change color to brown, become very fragile.

Brown Shutte

Brown schütte is also a fairly well-known fungal disease of conifers. It is most common among trees such as fir, pine, spruce, cedar, juniper. Most often, brown schütte affects young plants in nurseries or self-sowing in the open field. The reason for the development of the fungus Nerpotrichia nigra is the weakness of the young plant. Infection occurs by bag spores, immediately after the snow melts. The needles are dark, dead, covered with a cobweb coating. During spring and summer, the plant weakens, the needles of the whole plant become sick and thin branches begin to die. This disease develops well in conditions of high humidity and shading, as well as in unthinned forests and forest belts.

Shutte juniper

The disease proceeds very similarly to those described above. The first signs appear in the spring, infecting the needles of the plant with the fungus Lophodermium juniperinum. Gray, black, yellow, bright brown, it can be quite different, depending on the region, and the whole summer the disease develops on the plant. Further, the plant is overgrown with mushrooms, the size of which reaches 1.5 mm. They survive even in low temperatures. This disease, under conditions of heat and humidity, can completely kill the plant.

How to protect pines and other plants from Schütte diseases

In fact, there are drugs for these diseases, and there are various methods of prevention. which keep the plant healthy throughout its life. The first protective measures against schütte are the selection of the correct and initially healthy planting material. It must be prepared for a specific region, properly grown and well maintained, that is young plant should already be strong. We would like to note and recall the fact that plants in the shade, in a humid environment, for example, in dense forests during snowmelt, are most susceptible to Schutte diseases. If you want to avoid such diseases, then the first prevention will be a correct, uniform landing on the territory, as well as timely care. It is also necessary to apply spraying of plants with preparations that contain sulfur or copper - Abiga-Peak, Bordeaux mixture, HOM or, in general, lime-sulfur decoction. The funds must be applied in the spring and be sure to repeat the spraying in the summer, if suddenly the disease manifests itself.

Diseases of coniferous trees (video)

Rust diseases of coniferous trees

In this section of the article, we will consider a special number of diseases of coniferous plants. They are called mushrooms Basidiomycota that affect the bark of shoots and needles. The disease is quite contagious and can quickly spread even to other plants.

Spruce spinner or cone rust

This disease occurs on spruces due to bird cherry, it is she who is the legislator of the disease. Develops on inside cones, more precisely on scales, forming dusty areas of dark brown color. Diseased cones lose their fertility, but can remain on the tree for up to several years. During the disease, young shoots can change shape, needles fall off.

Pine spinner

The disease is caused by a fungus Melampsora pinitorqua and is developing quite rapidly. Passing the aecial stage, they bend, and the top dies off altogether.

needle rust

Rust is found in almost all types of conifers. Its nature is classical, development takes place in a certain, warm and humid environment. The disease affects the needles of trees and the plant loses its decorative look. Sometimes, when mixed with other diseases, needle rust can lead to the death of the plant.

Treatment and prevention of rust diseases of trees

Experts recommend the following activities. Plants must be isolated from affected specimens. Young coniferous trees should not be grown near possible pathogens or vectors of diseases. If the disease already occurs, then the affected areas must be cut and destroyed. The resistance of coniferous plants to rust diseases can be increased through the action of special immunostimulants or microfertilizers. It is also recommended to spray coniferous plants during the growing season with water suspensions. It can be a Bordeaux mixture, copper oxychloride, privet,. Spraying in autumn period when the drug should fall not only on the plant, but also on its discarded needles, as a source of a contagious infection.

In fact, diseases coniferous trees and their pathogens are much more than it is generally possible to list. Often there is a crossover of diseases, when a tree or bush suffers several diseases at once, and in order to bring the plant back to life, one should not only treat it, but also initially determine the disease or their complex, so as not to make a mistake with the drugs. Fortunately, everything that is needed for this is now on sale. But there are other recommendations that say - in order for the plants on the site to be healthy, it is required to carry out prevention, and not to treat already diseased plants, and the first thing to start with is a healthy planting material. Only if you buy strong seedlings, immediately treat them with prophylactic agents, plant them in prepared soil and then, throughout the entire period of growth of coniferous trees or shrubs, will properly care for them, fertilize the soil, ensure it is watered or dried, sprinkled and so on, you can enjoy the majestic, coniferous garden. If not, then believe me, in the future, the plant will experience rust of needles, and root rot, and drying out of the root system, which will be quite difficult to deal with and, ultimately, quite expensive.

Tui diseases (video)

Coniferous plants are distinguished by their vitality and resistance to many diseases and pests. However, diseases sometimes befall these trees. The most common of them will be discussed.

• Mold is grey. Usually affects the aerial parts of young trees. Affected shoots are covered with a characteristic grayish-brown bloom and this is the most striking sign of gray mold. It develops well with a lack of light, as well as where the trees grow densely and are not sufficiently ventilated. Gray mold often affects neglected nurseries, as well as dense forests and parks;
• Shutte real. This is a fungal disease. The causative agent is Lophodermium seditiosum. Affects most often young trees or shoots. These plants often die young. Usually expressed in the fall of needles. In the spring, a plaque appears on it, and closer to winter, the needles become brown. Shutte present is active all year round;
• Shutte ordinary. The stimulus is the same. It lets you know the yellowing of the needles and its falling off. Also, the needles can become overgrown with the body of the fungus, as can be seen from the stripes on the needles. The disease loves average temperatures, rains and dew. Often affects young conifers in nurseries.

• Shutte snowy. Most often affects pine trees. Most often affects pine trees. The causative agent is Phlacidium infestans. This fungus makes the needles brittle and turns them brown. Mycosis feels great even at temperatures below zero and is able to survive under the snow all winter. In the spring, its growth becomes especially intense.
• Shute brown. It affects juniper, pine, spruce, cedar and fir. Most of all, he likes young plants and those that grow in open ground on their own or in a nursery. The causative agent is Herpotrichia nigra. This fungus usually infects weakened plants. Plants are infected with bag spores in early spring. Symptoms are expressed in the darkening and death of the needles, the needles are covered with cobwebs. The tree becomes weak, its young branches die off. The fungus loves high humidity and lack of light, as well as dense forests.
• Juniper Shutte. The symptoms are similar to those of brown shyutte. The causative agent is the fungus Lophodermium juniperinum. Makes you aware of yourself in March-April. Juniper needles turn brown, gray or yellow (depending on the weather and region). Junipers can be overgrown with mushrooms, reaching one and a half millimeters in size. If the air is humid and warm, the juniper may die. The fungus survives well even cold winters.

How to deal with schütte

First of all, we need prevention. It is necessary to select initially healthy and strong plants. They must fit the region. Conifers also need to be grown properly. Planting trees should not be too crowded and dense. Make sure the trees get enough light.

Among the drugs you need to use containing copper or sulfur. It could be Bordeaux mixture, and HOM, and Abiga-peak, and a decoction of sulfur and lime. It is necessary to spray in the spring. In the summer, it is necessary to repeat the spraying so that the mycosis does not return.

rust diseases

This is another category of ailments that affect conifers. They are caused by fungi such as basidiomycota, which infect both needles and bark. Rust diseases are so contagious that it is quite easy to spread not only to conifers, but also to any plants.

• Rust of cones, she is a spruce spinner

The fungus develops first on bird cherry and then is transmitted to spruces. It settles on the scales of cones and forms dark brown dusty areas on them. The cones remain on the fir trees for many years, but they lose their fertility. Also, the spruce spinner affects the shoots of the Christmas trees (those that are younger) and leads to the fall of the needles.

• Spruce spinner

The causative agent is Melampsora pinitorqua, which can live on different hosts. Spruce spinner develops very quickly. First, aetsiospores develop on the plants, then the shoots of the pines are bent and the tops die off.

• needle rust

Affects almost all conifers. The fungus loves wet and warm air. It develops on needles, while trees lose their decorative appearance. If the trees have other diseases, then this can lead to their death.

To prevent rust diseases, young trees should be grown separately and made so that they do not come into contact with other plants. It is also necessary to cut off the areas of conifers affected by fungi in time. Be sure to add microfertilizers and immunostimulants. Spray should be done during the growing season. Fertilizers such as Abiga Peak, Bordeaux mixture, prevent and copper oxychloride are suitable. In autumn, conifers can also be sprayed.

Other diseases of conifers

Wilting is tracheomycotic. The causative agent is Fusarium oxysporum. This is also a fungus. First, it settles in the roots, after which the mycelium populates the entire nutrient system of the tree. The needles may turn red or turn yellow, fall off. The fungus develops during stagnant water, in lowlands and in ravines, with a lack of light. For the fight, drugs such as Alarin-B, Fitosporin-M or Gamair are used.

Rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia) and Pytium (Pytium). These fungi provoke rotting and death of the roots of seedlings. For prevention, young plants are soaked for a short period in Vitaros, Baktofit or Maxim.

Drying of juniper branches. Fungi such as Diplodia juniperi, Cytosporapini, Hendersonia notha, Phomopsis juniperovora, Phoma juniperi and Rhabdosporasabinae can provoke it. It leads to the fall and yellowing of the needles and the drying of the branches.

The following diseases are also found:

• juniper Alternariosis;
• larch cancer;
• juniper nectrium cancer;
• Biotorell cancer;
• Withering of thuja pestalocyce.

To combat them, cut diseased branches and cover the wounds with drying oil, as well as spray mixtures with vitriol.

Like all other plants, conifers are subject to disease and pest attack. In addition to viruses and infections, needle trees and shrubs on the site suffer from frostbite and sunburn bark, the frequent ingress of urine of stray animals has a detrimental effect on cultures, and if the winter shelter is not removed in time, the needles may rot in the conifers.

Various types of aphids, false scale insects, mealybugs, caterpillars, mites, diseases caused by primitive fungi - all this can be found on conifers. They also have their specific diseases, most of which, unfortunately, can be transmitted not only between conifers, but also between deciduous plants. Prevention is the free placement of plants in the composition and the prevention of the spread of diseases in neighboring species.

The spread of old and the emergence of new pests and diseases of coniferous trees is largely due to the uncontrolled supply of imported material. When purchasing plants, never stop your choice on dubious specimens. Plant new plants for at least one year on an isolated "quarantine" site, and not in a common composition.

How and how to treat coniferous trees, you will learn on this page.

How and how to treat conifers in the garden

Treatment of diseases of coniferous plants is a complex process. An incorrectly chosen drug or its high concentration can ruin the “patient”.

The symptoms of many diseases and the type of damage caused by pests are often similar, so that it is not easy to recognize them, but, fortunately, the measures for controlling them are close. Pay attention to the recommendations presented on this page - they will help you and your green pets. Use in the garden only those pesticides that are approved for use in personal subsidiary plots, and strictly follow the instructions that come with the preparation.

Table "Diseases of coniferous trees and their treatment":

The most common diseases of coniferous plants are shown in these photos:

Protection of coniferous plants from typographic pests

It is worth dwelling on how to protect coniferous plants from the typographic bark beetle, since over the past few years, due to climate change V Eastern Europe its numbers increased dramatically. In Russia, the situation has become particularly alarming after relatively warm winters 2010 and 2012. Significant areas of shrunken plantings of common spruce began to appear everywhere. The forests of the Moscow region and adjacent areas were especially affected. Let's try to deal with this problem.

In nature, there are a sufficient number of stem pests:

Engravers

beetles

Micrographs

Typographers

Typographic bark beetle ( Ips typographus) , black-brown, about 5 mm in size. It is found everywhere in Europe, and Russia, as practice shows, is no exception.

The life cycle of the development of the beetle is quite complicated. First of all, the bark beetle-typographer settles on spruces, weakened due to various factors. In the spring, when the air temperature exceeds 10-12 degrees Celsius, and for central Russia this is the end of April - the beginning of May, males arrive and begin to drill the first inlets-channels. Males are polygamous, meaning they can mate with several females in turn. After settling, already in the bast layer of the bark, they gnaw out an additional area, the so-called "marriage chamber". Then they secrete odorous pheromones, which, mixed with recycled bark particles called "drill meal", are ejected from the passages and attract females.

The emergence of "drilling flour" on the trunk or individual branches indicates that the coniferous tree has already been populated by this pest. Females flock to the smell in large numbers, mate with males, and after that they begin to gnaw on the uterine vertical passages, where they subsequently lay their eggs. After leaving the eggs, the larvae also gnaw through additional larval passages, where they pupate, and later the young beetle that has taken shape gnaws through the exit hole and flies out. Also, about two weeks after the first laying, the females of this pest of coniferous plants lay eggs of the “sister generation”. On average, about 65-70 days pass from the settling of parent males to the emergence of young beetles.

These terms are somewhat arbitrary and directly depend on the climatic factors of the area and weather conditions specific year. On average, a typographer in the Moscow region gives two generations.

See what this coniferous pest looks like in the photo:

The main signs and stages of damage to coniferous trees by a typographic pest:

• The emergence of "drilling flour" on the trunk and on the lower branches, as well as on the grass near the trunk circle.
• Abundant resination. At the initial colonization by individual males, this is a positive sign. The tree secretes resin - "resin", tars individual beetles, fights for its health and life. In the mass summer of females, resin flow no longer helps.
• A close examination of the trunk and branches of the tree shows small holes- the tree is inhabited.
• Yellowing-brown individual branches. A close examination of the trunk and branches of the tree shows larger holes, slight drips of resin - the tree is not only inhabited, but also begins to die. The first generation has already taken off.
• There is a fall of the bark. On the trunk, uterine and larval passages, the larvae themselves, beetles are observed. The tree is dead.

The mechanism of plant damage is always the same. First of all, the vessels that feed the crown and are located in the bast layer of wood are blocked. traffic violation nutrients inside the trunk leads to the drying of the branches and the death of the whole tree.

This happens within one to three years. There is also such a thing as “green dead wood”, when the crown of the tree is still green, but in essence the tree has already died, since the bast layer of wood has been completely destroyed. Typographic bark beetles can winter both under the bark and in the trunk circle, within a radius of 1-1.5 m from the tree at a depth of 5-8 cm.

Prevention of colonization by the typographer beetle of coniferous trees in the garden is one of the effective methods fight him. As a rule, processing is carried out in late April - early May, before the first spring flight of the beetle.

The most effective of them is Clipper. The solution is plentifully sprayed along the trunk, its action ends in about a month. If the drug is applied during the period of active precipitation, then its duration decreases, and the percentage of surviving beetles increases accordingly. A typographer trying to populate an already processed tree usually dies after coming into contact with the bark. But if the bark beetle population is very large, then some of the beetles still manage to populate the tree. And then even re-processing will not be effective. On initial stage Spruce settlements can be saved by injecting other certified insecticides or special biologics under the bark. After such injections, not only adult beetles become infected and die, but also their offspring.

The combination of prophylactic treatment of the stem and intra-stem injection is considered the most effective method control of this pest of coniferous plants. If, on the affected tree, the branches are already beginning to turn yellow and dry out, most likely your efforts were in vain and it will no longer be possible to save it.

The tree will have to be destroyed, but in this way it will be possible to prevent infection of nearby plants. second preventive treatment insecticides on the trunk should be carried out in late July - early August, during the period of the possible departure of the developed first generation.

A few words must be said about pheromone traps to combat this pest. conifers. If their use is quite effective on large areas in forest areas, then in gardens they can only bring harm.

Coniferous trees, as a rule, are perennials and serve as decoration for the house and garden all year round. The most common in landscaping are coniferous trees such as pine, larch, spruce, yew, thuja. If the tree is still young or undersized, it is not difficult to care for it and fight its diseases and pests. But young plants are more susceptible to disease. Adult trees that have gained strength and growth no longer need any care, with the exception of watering.

Gardeners often have a question: why does the needles on the trees turn brown? There can be many reasons for this: firstly, for conifers it is very great importance soil and growing conditions. They should not be planted in dry and windy places; conifers require high humidity and soil. Despite this, waterlogging and waterlogging can lead to tree disease in the form of yellowing of the needles and its abscission. The same thing can happen for the opposite reason - after a dry summer, coniferous trees dry and lose their needles and even branches.

Spruces and yews are especially demanding on high soil and air humidity. Larch and pine are more resistant to drought. The color of the needles and its condition also depend on the composition of the soil, yellowing of the needles may be due to a lack of iron, trees grow best on slightly acidic soil. The lack of trace elements must be compensated for by fertilizing with fertilizers for conifers.

After winter frosts and cold spring, the roots and branches of heat-loving coniferous trees freeze slightly, the needles turn brown and die. Some breeds of conifers trees do not tolerate urban air polluted by exhaust gases and industrial waste. The needles turn yellow, starting at the ends, and die off.

The cause of rust on the needles can also be a serious disease - shute. The causative agent is the fungus Lophodermium selitiosum. Mostly young and weak trees still in nurseries get sick. Pine trees are especially affected. Gradually, from spring, the needles turn brown, fall off, and the tree may even die. On the needles in autumn, you can see yellow dots that increase and darken. The spores of the fungus remain on the crumbled needles.

The fight against shute consists in the treatment of planting material with fungicides, good effect gives spraying with copper-containing preparations (Hom, Oksikhom, Bordeaux mixture). Rusty trees can be caused by fungi of the department Basidiomycota, class Uredinomycetes. There are several types of mushrooms, some affect needles, branches, cones, can coexist side by side not only on conifers, but also on deciduous trees and shrubs, on the grass. In the spring, on the needles, you can see yellow aesiopustules that look like bubbles.

How to deal with rust on coniferous trees? It can be recommended, depending on the causative agent of the disease, not to plant nearby plants affected by the same type of fungus, pines - away from aspen and poplar, larch - from black currants. Affected shoots must be removed in a timely manner. Treatment with immuno-enhancing drugs and top dressing with microelements is necessary. For the prevention of diseases, you can spray with copper-containing preparations. Carefully choose planting material.

They do not lose their attractiveness and decorativeness throughout the year, and, as a rule, live longer than many hardwoods. They are an excellent material for creating compositions thanks to various form crown and needle color. The most widely used in professional and amateur landscaping are such coniferous shrubs like junipers, yew, thuja; from wood - pine, larch, spruce. Therefore, information about their main diseases seems to be relevant. The issue of treating conifers is especially acute in the spring, when you have to deal with burning, winter desiccation and infectious diseases on plants weakened after winter.

First of all, it should be mentioned non-communicable diseases, caused negative influence on the growth and development of coniferous plants unfavorable conditions environment. Although conifers are demanding on high soil and air moisture, excessive moisture associated with natural waterlogging, raising the level ground water, spring floods and heavy autumn precipitation, leads to yellowing and necrosis of the needles. The same symptoms very often appear due to lack of moisture in the soil and low air humidity.

Tui, spruce, yew are very sensitive to drying out of the roots, therefore, immediately after planting, it is recommended to mulch their near-stem circles with peat and grass cut from lawns, if possible, maintain mulching throughout the entire time of their growth, and water regularly. The most drought-resistant are pines, arborvitae and junipers. In the first year after planting, it is advisable to spray young plants with water in the evening hours and shade them during the hot period. The vast majority of conifers are shade-tolerant; when grown in open sunny places, they may lag behind in growth, their needles may turn yellow and even die off. On the other hand, many of them cannot stand strong shading, pines and larches are especially photophilous. To protect the bark from sunburn, it can be whitewashed with lime or a special whitewash in early spring or late autumn.

The condition and appearance of plants largely depend on the availability of nutrients and the balance of their ratios. The lack of iron in the soil leads to yellowing and even whitening of the needles on individual shoots; with a lack of phosphorus, young needles acquire a red-violet hue; with a nitrogen deficiency, plants grow noticeably worse, become chlorotic. The best growth and development of plants occurs on drained and well-cultivated soils provided with nutrients. Slightly acidic or neutral soil is preferred. It is recommended to fertilize with special fertilizers intended for coniferous plants. On summer cottages conifers can suffer from frequent visits by dogs and cats, causing an excessive concentration of salts in the soil. On thuja and juniper in such cases, shoots with red needles appear, subsequently drying out.

Low temperatures in winter and spring frosts cause freezing of the crown and roots, while the needles become dry, acquire a reddish color, die off, and the bark cracks. The most winter-hardy are spruces, pines, fir, arborvitae, junipers. The branches of coniferous plants can break off from the necklace and snow break in winter.

Many conifers are sensitive to air pollution from harmful industrial and automotive gaseous impurities. This is manifested, first of all, by yellowing, starting from the ends of the needles and their falling off (dying off).

Conifers are rarely severely affected infectious diseases, although in some cases they can suffer greatly from them. Young plants are generally less resistant to a complex of non-infectious and infectious diseases their resistance increases with age.

Types of soil-dwelling fungi genera Python(pitium) And Rhizoctonia(rhizoctonia) lead roots of seedlings to decay and die off often cause significant losses of young plants in schools and containers.

The causative agents of tracheomycotic wilt are most often anamorphic fungi. Fusarium oxysporum, which are soil pathogens. Affected roots turn brown, mycelium penetrates into vascular system and fills it with its biomass, which stops the access of nutrients, and the affected plants, starting from top shoots wilt. The needles turn yellow, redden and fall off, and the plants themselves gradually dry out. Seedlings and young plants are most affected. The infection persists in plants, plant debris and spreads with infected planting material or infected soil. The development of the disease contributes to: stagnant water in low areas, lack of sunlight.

Healthy planting material should be used as a protective measure. Timely remove all dried plants with roots, as well as affected plant residues. For preventive purposes, short-term soaking of young plants with an open root system is carried out in a solution of one of the preparations: Baktofit, Vitaros, Maxim. At the first symptoms, the soil is shed with a solution of one of the biological products: Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B, Gamair.

For the purpose of prevention, the soil is shed with Fundazol.

Gray mold (rot) affects the aerial parts of young plants, especially in unventilated areas with a strong thickening of plantings and insufficient lighting. Affected shoots become gray-brown, as if covered with a layer of dust.

In addition to these diseases, which are widespread on hardwoods, there are diseases that are characteristic only for conifers. First of all, they are shute, the causative agents of which are some types of ascomycete fungi.

real schütte Lophodermium seditiosum- one of the main causes of premature fall of pine needles. Mostly young plants are affected, incl. in the open field of nurseries, and weakened trees, which can lead to their death due to strong fall of needles. During spring and early summer, the needles turn brown and fall off. In autumn, small yellowish dots are noticeable on the needles, gradually growing and turning brown, later black dotted fruiting bodies - apothecia are formed on the dead, crumbling needles - apothecia, with which the fungus is preserved.

Common Schutte Pine, which has similar symptoms and development cycle causes Lophodermium pinastri. In autumn or more often in the spring of the next year, the needles turn yellow or become reddish-brown and die off. Then, the fruiting bodies of the fungus are formed on it in the form of small black strokes or dots, blackening and increasing by autumn. Thin dark transverse lines appear on the needles. Moderately warm weather, drizzling rains and dews contribute to the dispersal of spores and infection of needles. Weakened plants in nurseries and cultures up to 3 years of age and self-sowing pines are more often affected and die.

Called by a fungus Phlacidium infestans, which affects mainly pine species. It is especially harmful in snowy areas, where it sometimes completely destroys the renewal of Scots pine.

It develops under snow cover and develops relatively quickly even at temperatures around 0 degrees. Mycelium grows from needle to needle and often further to neighboring plants. After the snow melts, dead needles and often shoots turn brown and die. Diseased plants are covered with grayish mycelial films that quickly disappear. During the summer, the needles die off, becoming reddish-red, later light gray. It crumbles, but almost does not fall off. At the twisted pine ( Pinus contorta) the dead needles are more reddish than those of Scots Pine. By autumn, apothecia become visible, like small dark dots scattered over the needles. Ascospores from these are spread by air currents onto living pine needles just before they are usually covered with snow. The development of the fungus is favored by drizzling rains, snowfall and melting in autumn, mild snowy winters, and long spring.

Brown Shutte, or brown snow mold coniferous species affects pines, fir, spruces, cedars, junipers, caused by a fungus Herpotrichia nigra. It occurs more often in nurseries, young stands, self-sowing and young undergrowth. This disease manifests itself in early spring after the snow has melted, and the primary infection of needles with bag spores occurs in the fall. The disease develops under snow at a temperature not lower than 0.5 ° C. The lesion is detected after the snow has melted: on the brown dead needles, a black-gray cobweb coating of mycelium is noticeable, and then dotted fruiting bodies of the pathogen fungus. The needles do not fall off for a long time, thin branches die off. The development of the disease is facilitated by high humidity, the presence of depressions in the sown areas, and the thickening of plants.

Signs of defeat juniper schütte(causative agent - fungus Lophodermium juniperinum) appear at the beginning of summer on last year's needles, which acquire a dirty yellow or brown color and do not crumble for a long time. From the end of summer, round black up to 1.5 mm fruiting bodies are visible on the surface of the needles, in which marsupial sporulation of the fungus persists in winter. The disease develops intensively on weakened plants, during wet conditions can lead to plant death.

Protective measures against schütte include the selection of planting material that is resistant in origin, giving the plants as much resistance as possible, timely thinning, and the use of fungicidal sprays. Shaded plants are most susceptible to the disease. The harmfulness of shyutte increases with high snow cover and its long-term melting. In forests and parks, instead of natural regeneration, planting of plants of the required origin is recommended. Planted plants are more evenly distributed over the area, making it more difficult for mycelium to infect one plant from another, in addition, they quickly reach a height above the critical level. In those areas where schütte damages Scotch pine, you can use lodgepole pine or European spruce, which is extremely rarely affected. Only healthy planting material should be used. It is recommended to remove fallen diseased needles and cut off dried branches in a timely manner.

Fungicidal treatments must be used in nurseries. Spraying with copper and sulfur preparations (for example, Bordeaux mixture, Abiga-Peak or HOM, lime-sulfur decoction) in early spring and autumn effectively reduces the development of diseases. When the disease manifests itself in a strong degree in summer time spraying is repeated.

Of particular importance for conifers are rust diseases, caused by fungi of the Basidiomycota department, class Uredinomycetes, affecting the needles and bark of shoots, virtually all of their pathogens are heterogeneous, and from conifers they pass to other plants, causing their defeat. Let us describe some of them.

Cone rust, spruce spinner. On the inside of spruce scales, which is an intermediate host of the rust fungus puccinia strumareolatum, rounded dusty dark brown aetiopustules appear. Cones are wide open, hanging for several years. The seeds are inconsistent. Sometimes shoots are bent, the disease in this form is called spruce spinner. The main host is bird cherry, on the leaves of which small round light purple uredinio-, then black teliopustules appear.

Summons a Rusty Miscellaneous Fungus Melampsora pinitorqua. The aecial stage develops on the pine, as a result of which its shoots bend S-shaped, the top of the shoot dies off. Aspen is the main host. In summer, small yellow urediniopustules form on the underside of the leaves, spores from which cause mass infection of the leaves. Then, by autumn, black teliopustules are formed, in the form of which the fungus overwinters on plant debris.

Rust pine needles cause several species of the genus Coleosporium. It mainly affects biconiferous species of the genus Pinus, is found everywhere in their ranges, mainly in nurseries and young stands. The eciostage of the fungus develops in spring on pine needles. Yellow vesicle-shaped aetsiopustules are arranged in disorder on both sides of the needles, uredio- and teliospores are formed on coltsfoot, ragwort, sow thistle, bellflower and others. herbaceous plants. With a strong spread of the disease, the needles turn yellow prematurely and fall off, and the plants lose their decorative effect.

Miscellaneous mushroom Cronartium Ribicola causes pine spinner(five-coniferous pines) , or columnar rust of currant. First, the infection of the needles occurs, gradually the fungus spreads into the bark and wood of the branches and trunks. Resin is observed in the affected areas, and aesiopustules appear in the form of yellow-orange vesicles from the ruptures of the cortex. Under the influence of the mycelium, a thickening is formed, which eventually turns into open wounds, the overlying part of the shoot dries up or bends. Currant is an intermediate host, gooseberries can also rarely be affected, numerous pustules form on the underside of their leaves in the form of small columns, orange, then brown.

Mushrooms of the genus Gymnosporangium (G. comfusum, G. juniperinu, G. sabinae), pathogens juniper rust affect cotoneaster, hawthorn, apple, pear, quince, which are intermediate hosts. In spring, the disease develops on their foliage, causing the formation of yellowish outgrowths (pustules) on the underside of the leaves, and round orange spots with black dots are noticeable on the top (aecial stage). From the end of summer, the disease passes to the main host plant - juniper (teliostage). From autumn and early spring, yellow-orange gelatinous masses of sporulation of the pathogen fungus appear on its needles and branches. Fusiform thickenings appear on the affected parts of the branches, and the death of individual skeletal branches begins. On the trunks, more often on the root neck, swellings and swells form, on which the bark dries out and shallow wounds open. Over time, the affected branches dry out, the needles turn brown and crumble. The infection persists in the affected juniper bark. The disease is chronic, almost incurable.

Rust of birch, larch - Melampsoridium betulinum. Small yellow pustules appear on the underside of birch and alder leaves in spring, yellowing, shoot growth decreases. In the larch, which is the main host, the needles turn yellow in summer.

As protective measures from rust diseases it is possible to recommend spatial isolation from affected plants that have a common causative agent of the disease. So, you should not grow poplar and aspen next to pines, five-needle pines should be isolated from blackcurrant plantings. Cutting out affected shoots, increasing resistance through the use of microfertilizers and immunostimulants will reduce the harmfulness of rusts.

causative agents drying of juniper branches there may be several mushrooms: Cytospora pini, Diplodia juniperi, Henderson notha, Phoma juniperi, Phomopsis juniperovora, Rhabdospora sabinae. Drying of the bark and the formation of numerous brown and black fruiting bodies on it are observed. The needles turn yellow and fall off, the branches of the bushes dry out. The infection persists in the bark of affected branches and unharvested plant debris. The spread is facilitated by dense plantings and the use of infected planting material.

Tui can often also appear drying, drying of shoots and branches, caused more often by the same fungal pathogens. A typical manifestation is yellowing and falling of leaves from the ends of the shoot, browning of the young growth of branches; in humid conditions, sporulation of fungi is noticeable on the affected parts.

The causative agent of which is a fungus Pestalotiopsis funerea causes necrosis of the bark of branches and browning of the needles. On the affected tissues, olive-black sporulation of the fungus is formed in the form of separate pads. With a strong drying of the branches in hot weather, the pads dry up and take on the appearance of crusts. With an abundance of moisture, a grayish-black mycelium develops on the affected needles and bark of the stems. Affected branches and needles turn yellow and dry out. The infection persists in the affected plant debris and in the bark of drying branches.

Sometimes appears on juniper plants biorelloma cancer. Its causative agent is a fungus Biatorella difformis, is the conidial stage of the marsupial fungus Biatoridina pinastri. At mechanical damage branches over time, pathogenic microorganisms begin to develop in the bark and wood, causing necrosis of the bark. The fungus spreads in the tissues of the bark, the bark turns brown, dries, cracks. The wood gradually dies off and longitudinal ulcers form. Over time, rounded fruiting bodies are formed. The defeat and death of the bark leads to the fact that the needles turn yellow and dry out. The infection persists in the bark of the affected branches.

Pathogen juniper nectar cancer is a marsupial Nectria cucurbitula, with conidial stage Zythia cucurbitula. Numerous brick-red sporulation pads up to 2 mm in diameter are formed on the surface of the affected bark; over time, they darken and dry out. The development of the fungus causes the death of the bark and bast of individual branches. The needles turn yellow and fall off, the affected branches and entire bushes dry up. The infection persists in the bark of affected branches and plant debris. The spread of infection is facilitated by dense plantings and the use of infected planting material.

IN last years on many cultures, incl. conifers, mushrooms of the genus Alternaria. Pathogen juniper Alternariosis is a mushroom Alternaria tenuis. On the needles affected by it, which becomes brown, a velvety black coating appears on the branches. The disease manifests itself when plantings are thickened on the branches of the lower tier. The infection persists in the affected needles and bark of branches and in plant debris.

To combat desiccation and Alternaria, you can use preventive spraying of plants in spring and autumn with a Bordeaux mixture, Abiga-Peak, and copper oxychloride. If necessary, in the summer, spraying is repeated every 2 weeks. Use of healthy planting material, timely pruning affected branches, disinfection of individual wounds and all sections with a solution blue vitriol and smearing oil paint on natural drying oil significantly reduce the prevalence of diseases.

larch cancer causes marsupial fungus Lachnellulawillkommii. Its mycelium spreads in the bark and wood of larch branches during its spring and autumn growth dormancy. The following summer, new bark and wood are built up around the wound. As preventive protective measures, it is recommended to plant resistant larch species, grow them in favorable conditions, do not thicken, and avoid frost damage.

On the stems of conifers, some types of fungi can settle tinder fungus, forming rather large fruiting bodies on the bark, annual and perennial, causing cracking of the bark, as well as rot of roots and wood. For example, pine wood affected by a root sponge is first purple, then white spots appear on it, which turn into voids. Wood becomes cellular, sieve.

Tui stem rot is often caused by tinder fungi: pine sponge Porodaedalea pini, causing variegated-red rot of the trunk and tinder fungus Schweinitz Phaeolus schweinitzii, which is the causative agent of brown central fissured root rot. In both cases, fruiting bodies of the fungus are formed on the rotten wood. In the first case, they are perennial, woody, the upper part is dark brown, up to 17 cm in diameter; in the second mushroom, annual fruiting bodies in the form of flat caps, often on stalks, are arranged in groups. Affected plants gradually die, and unharvested dried plants and their parts are the source of infection.

It is necessary to cut out diseased, damaged, dried branches in a timely manner, cut off the fruiting bodies of tinder fungi. Wound injuries are cleaned and treated with putty or paint based on drying oil. Use healthy planting material. It is possible to carry out preventive spraying of plants in spring and autumn with a Bordeaux mixture or its substitutes. Be sure to uproot the stumps.