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Drawing up a business plan for opening. Writing a business plan, complete structure of a business plan

15Jul

Why I decided to write this article

Because many who ask me questions ask something that at first you shouldn’t even bother at all. There are even questions that a person may never face at all. In general, “Woe from Wit” occurs in the minds of many novice entrepreneurs, and we will “eliminate” this grief in this article. At least I'll try my best. Now let's talk about mistakes, and then I will give a step-by-step plan as I see it.

Some errors and their solutions

1. Break-even point not calculated

Many start a business without even considering how much in what period they need to sell in order to break even. This is important because many business models are cut off at this stage.

Calculating the break-even point is easy. You consider how much you incur expenses per month and then consider how much you need to sell goods or provide services per month in order to recoup these expenses. If the figure is too large and seems unrealistic to you, then it is better not to take on such a business. If you think you can sell right amount goods to cover expenses or start covering expenses in a few months, then you can think about this business further.

Conclusion 1: Until you have a complete financial picture of the business in your head, you can’t borrow money or even use your savings.

2. Everything must be perfect

At the beginning of your business, you want everything to be right and beautiful: you buy the most modern equipment, the most functional site is being created, the office is being renovated, etc.

Striving for the best is useful, but there is one "BUT" - before you spend money, check the performance of your business model. If you are going to make an expensive website design, first make sure that your services or products are in demand at all.

Or, if you're opening a cafe, before making expensive renovations, try to start selling in the premises that are available with minimal investment. If sales go on and a place in this area of ​​the city will bring at least some profit, then you can expand or make a cool renovation.

Conclusion 2: Don't invest a lot of money until you're sure people want the product. And you don’t need to bring everything to perfection, thereby delaying the start. Start with what you have and gradually develop and improve.

3. Not understanding your future business or simply no love

I personally think that a business should at least like it. For example, I love each of my business projects, and if I didn’t love them, they wouldn’t turn out to be profitable.

Some start-up entrepreneurs write me questions like “What to sell”, “What services are profitable to provide”, “What kind of business is profitable to do”, etc. I answer everyone: "Open your own bank." And no one likes my answer, although it answers all these questions. Every entrepreneur has a different life situation, different interests and different knowledge. If one likes to sell toys, and the other likes to sell men's suits, then they will not be able to exchange businesses and be so successful. This is because they do not understand the model itself and simply do not feel interested.

Conclusion 3: You can't build a business on an idea just because you just know it's profitable and you're not interested in it. Business needs to be understood, loved and “be in the know”. For example, I could not open massage parlor and lead your business to success. Not because I don't have enough money, but because I don't understand anything in this business.

How to start your own business - 10 steps from scratch

To begin with, I want to say that below I will give 2 plans on how to start your business: complete and simplified. Let's start with the complete.

Step 1. Business Idea

Of course, to start a business, you need to know what to start. I have always said, I say and I will say that an entrepreneur must have an idea. If you can't even come up with an idea, then what kind of business are you talking about. It is not necessary to be an innovator and come up with something unimaginable. You can take an already working idea, look around, find flaws in it, or simply improve it the way YOU see it and it will be a different business. It is easier to enter a formed market than to form it yourself. And the idea should not be global, you can start a micro business or.

In order to come up with or find a business idea, read the following articles and after reading you will 100% decide on the idea:

After the articles are read, the ideas are thought up, you can proceed to the next step.

Step 2. Market Analysis

After choosing a business idea, you need to analyze the market, find out if people really need your product. Assess the competition, identify positive and negative sides competitors, find in yourself what will make you different from your competitors. Compare prices, quality of service, assortment (if it is a commodity business) and look to the maximum for what you can be better at. It is necessary. Why? Read!

Once you have assessed the supply and demand and realized that you can compete with existing companies, you can move on.

Step 3. Business Planning

Step 5. Registering your business

This step cannot be missed, because the business must be registered. You can use LLC or IP. It all depends on your activity. This article will help you:

Once your business is set up, you can move on to the next step.

Step 6. Taxes and reporting

I indicated this step right away, because you must initially decide on which taxation system you will work with. This must be done immediately, because the amount of taxes and how they are paid depend on it. To do this, read the following articles:

And also read other articles of the heading, because there you will always find up-to-date and complete information on the conduct of tax and accounting. You can also ask your question and get an answer from a specialist.

Step 7. Quick idea testing

Someone will say that you can test without registering a business. And you are right! It is possible and so, but it was not in vain that I wrote at the very beginning that there would be 2 scenarios for the development of events, and in the second I will talk about it. Now let's move on to testing itself.

Initially, you need exactly quick testing - “testing in battle”. With your own money, test the idea, give minimal advertising, make the smallest possible product and try to sell it. Study demand in practice so to speak. You have to look into your plan, estimate what you need at the minimum in order to get started and start right away. Why is this being done. At the very beginning, I wrote about one of the mistakes of novice entrepreneurs, which consists in delaying the start, in constant improvements, etc. You don’t need to bring it to perfection, you need to start as soon as possible in order to test the idea in action, get the first sales and be inspired to continue development.

If the start does not give the first sales, then you need to revise the plan, idea and look for errors. A quick start is also done so that in case of failure you spend less time, effort and money. Agree, it would be more annoying to prepare for a year, and then fail? It is less offensive to realize your mistakes right away, while you still have little time to do. So you can make adjustments along the way and everything will start to work out!

To test ideas and your business can help you. It is more for testing ideas on the Internet, but it is also suitable for the real sector (offline).

Step 8. Business Development

After the tests have been carried out, the plan has been adjusted and sales have started slowly, you can develop your business and refine everything that you wrote in the plan to perfection. Now you can improve the site, increase warehouses or office, expand staff, etc. When your idea and business model has shown its performance, it is easier for you to set more global goals. Moreover, you have already received the first money from the first orders or sales and can reinvest them in development.

If there is not enough money, then here you can already resort to loans and borrowings, because business brings money and you can borrow with a clear conscience for its development. If you don't need a lot of money, then even credit card. In I told how you can use credit card money for your business without interest.

Step 9. Active promotion

This step could be attributed to development, but I took it out separately. After you have wider warehouses, more powerful equipment and site, more employees, etc., you need to make it all work. This requires aggressive advertising to the maximum. You have to use a lot of promotional opportunities. Look for clients on the Internet, do offline advertising, do direct sales, etc. The more advertising tools you use, the better the result. But be sure to record the results and filter out ineffective advertising tools so as not to waste your budgets.

Step 10 Scaling

Your business is doing well, making money, you are constantly developing, everything is great! But there are also adjacent areas or neighboring cities. If your business model is successful in your city, then you can make representative offices in other cities. If there is no desire or opportunity to go to neighboring cities, then you can simply capture an adjacent direction, if there is one at all.

For example, if you are selling household appliances, you can simultaneously open a repair service and provide paid services for repair. If your client's equipment is beyond repair, you can always offer him to buy something from your store in exchange. In general, look at your business and I am sure that you will find something to cling to.

What else can you pay attention to

During the launch of a business, there are several parameters that allow you to evaluate how effective your business is at the start, take them seriously:

If the net income of your business is above zero, excluding equipment costs and taxes, then your business will survive because it generates some money. If it is below zero, it means that your business is burning money, and it will not have enough loans and investments;

If you planned sales for 200,000, and sell for 50,000, then this is an occasion to seriously adjust your work and, possibly, the plan itself;

You should be comfortable. Business is hard. If you, too, are constantly having a hard time, then it will be difficult to cope with the tasks of the business. Give yourself enough comfort so that you don't feel left out because of your own business.

How to start and open your own business in a simplified way

As promised, I will give another simplified diagram of how to start your own business. Because I have already written all the points above, so I will refer to them here so as not to repeat myself.

I myself have used this scheme more than once, because before I started very small projects in which a lot could be missed. So the schema looks like this:

1. Idea (it should always be);
2. Easy planning, you can not paint, but fit the main points on a sheet of notebook. It is done in order to draw a model;
3. Quick idea test. Perhaps even without investments and search for money. Or very little money will be required and they will simply be in your savings;
4. Development and active promotion. After the first orders are, you can start active promotion and bring everything to mind;
5. Business registration and scaling.

As you can see, I missed registration at the very end, because some business projects can be implemented without registration, because during the test you don’t get so much money to immediately run for them to report to the tax office. But if the business model has shown its performance and, after active promotion, it is growing, then the design should be instant.

But you still can’t do without registration even at the first stages if you need a retail space, an office or work with companies under contracts, because for this you need at least an individual entrepreneur.

Conclusion

In this article, I told you how to start your own business, talked about the mistakes that beginners often make and I made, and now you know what to do before starting your own business. Read my site, subscribe to it, and try to start doing your own thing. We will not leave anyone on the site without help. Thank you for your attention!

Sincerely, Schmidt Nikolai

Brief briefing

You have an idea. You want to create your own business. Great. What's next? Next, you need to “sort everything out”, think through the details (as far as possible), in order to first of all understand: is it worth developing this project? Perhaps after researching the market, you will realize that the service or product is not in demand, or you do not have sufficient funds to develop your business. Maybe the project should be improved a little, to abandon unnecessary elements, or, on the contrary, to introduce something?

A business plan will help you consider the prospects of your venture.

End justifies the means?

Starting to write a business plan, remember its goals and functions. First of all, you spend preparatory work in order to understand how realistic the achievement of the planned results is, how much time and money are needed to implement the plan.

In addition, a business plan is necessary to attract investors, receive a grant or a bank loan. That is, it should include information about the potential profit of the project, necessary costs and its payback period. Think about what is important and interesting for your recipients to hear.

Use a little cheat sheet for yourself:

• Analyze the market you are going to enter. What leaders-companies exist in this direction. Study their experience and work.
• Determine the strengths and weaknesses of your project, future opportunities and risks. In short, do a SWOT analysis*.

SWOT analysis - (English)strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats - strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats. A method of planning, developing a strategy that allows you to identify the main factors influencing business development.

• Be clear about what you expect from the project. Set a specific goal.

The main goal of the business plan is to help, first of all, you yourself in developing the company's strategy and planning its development, as well as assistance in attracting investments.

So every plan has a structure. Regardless of the specifics of the project and the requirements of investors, a business plan, as a rule, contains the following elements:

1. Firm CV(short business plan)

• Product Description
• Description of the market situation
• Competitive advantages and disadvantages
• Brief description of the organizational structure
• Distribution of funds (investment and own)

2. marketing plan

• Definition of a “problem” and your solution
• Definition target audience
• Market and competition analysis
• Free niche, unique selling proposition
• Methods and cost of attracting customers
• Sales channels
• Stages and terms of market conquest

3. Plan for the production of goods or services

• Organization of production
• Infrastructure features
• Production resources and areas
• Production equipment
• Production process
• Quality control
• Calculation of investments and depreciation

4.Workflow organization

• Organizational structure of the enterprise
• Distribution of powers and responsibilities
• Control system

5. Financial plan and risk forecast

• Cost estimate
• Calculation of the cost of a product or service
• Calculation of profit and loss
• Investment period
• Break even point and payback point
• Cash flow forecast
• Risk Forecast
• Ways to minimize risks

It is clear that a business plan is one whole and its parts are inextricably linked with each other. However, a well-designed structure will help you not to forget the important, as well as to look deeper into each of the aspects.

Company resume. Briefly about the main

Marketing plan. There are empty seats?

When drawing up a marketing plan, you will have to analyze the market you are going to enter. Thus, you will identify trends for yourself, collect information about competitors and get to know your consumer, your target audience better.

After evaluating a potential client, his interests and preferences, you must determine the optimal location of the office, outlet etc. It should be comfortable. Calculate the required number of customers for your business to pay off and compare with the audience living or working around the intended location of the business. For example, for a public service business, this audience should not be less than 2% of the number of people living within a short walk or five-minute drive.

It is possible that the market you were about to conquer is oversaturated at the moment. Analyze the actions of competitors, create your strategy, focus on your uniqueness, bring something new to fill an empty niche in a certain area.

Of course, creating something that is not yet on the market is quite difficult. However, you can carefully analyze the situation and open, for example, a point where the consumer really needs it or play on the difference in prices and the level of services provided relative to nearby competitors.

Also, you will definitely have to decide on the sales channels. After reviewing the existing methods on the market - find the best for yourself. Calculate how much it costs you to acquire each client.

Finally, when deciding on pricing, you will need to calculate: which is more profitable? A high price with a small number of sales or a price lower than competitors, but a large client flow. We should also not forget about the service, because for many consumers it is crucial. They are willing to pay a price above the market average, but receive high quality service.

Production plan. What are we selling?

Here you will finally tell in detail about the essence of your business: what do you do?

For example, you decide to produce dresses and sell them. In the production plan, indicate the suppliers of fabric and equipment, where you will place the sewing workshop, what will be the volume of production. You will write down the stages of manufacturing products, the necessary qualifications of employees, calculate the necessary deductions to the depreciation fund, as well as logistics. From many factors: from the cost of threads to the cost work force- will depend on the cost of future business.

Prescribing the technology for creating your course product, you will pay attention to many little things that you have not thought about before. There may be issues with the storage of goods or difficulties with imported raw materials, problems with finding employees with the necessary qualifications, etc.

When you have finally written down the entire path of creating a product or service, it's time to calculate how much your project will cost you. It may well be that later, when making financial calculations, you will realize that you need to make adjustments to the production plan: cut some costs or radically change the technology itself.

Organization of the workflow. How will it work?

Will you manage the business alone or with partners? How will decisions be made? These and many more questions you need to answer in the "Organization of the workflow" section.

Here you can register the entire structure of the enterprise and identify duplication of authority, mutual exclusion, etc. Having seen the whole organization scheme, it will be easier for you to optimally distribute rights and responsibilities between departments and employees.

Having understood, first of all, for yourself how your company functions, it will be possible to more effectively develop a system of interaction between structures, a system for monitoring employees and the entire personnel policy.

The importance of this section is that it describes who and how will implement the project in reality.

A business plan is a document that provides a detailed rationale for the project and the ability to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness decisions taken, planned activities, answer the question of whether it is worth investing in this project.

The business plan should:

• show that the product or service will find its consumer, establish the capacity of the sales market and the prospects for its development;
• estimate the costs necessary for the manufacture and sale of products, the provision of works or services on the market;
• determine the profitability of future production and show its effectiveness for the enterprise (investor), for the local, regional and state budget.

The main functions of the business plan:

• is a tool with which an entrepreneur can evaluate the actual results of activities for a certain period;
• can be used to develop the concept of doing business in the future;
• acts as a tool to attract new investments;
• is a tool for implementing the company's strategy.

One of the most important stages of the planning process is the preparation of a business plan, which is necessary both for internal planning, and to justify the receipt of funds from an external source, i.e., the receipt of money for a specific project in the form of bank loans, budget allocations, equity participation of other enterprises in the implementation of the project.

1. Business plan summary (brief abstract)
2. Goals and objectives of the project
3. Company Description
4. Analysis of the industry and its development trends
5. Target market
6. Competition
7. Strategic position and risk assessment
8. Marketing plan and sales strategy
9. Operating activities
10. Technology plan
11. organizational plan
12. Personnel plan
13. Financial plan
14. Social and environmental responsibility
15. Terms of business exit

How to write a business plan

Any form or sample business plan offered on the Internet provides only a general idea. Any business has its own characteristics, therefore, there cannot be a certain "standard" writing algorithm that is suitable in all cases. There is only one tried-and-true principle for any business plan: IT SHOULD ALWAYS BE SHORT.

Start with the right messages. As paradoxical as it sounds, for most entrepreneurs, a business plan as a document is one of the least important factors in raising capital.

• If the investor is inclined towards a positive decision, then a good business plan will become an additional argument for; but not the plan itself is the reason for this decision.
• If an investor is inclined to a negative decision, it is unlikely that the business plan will be able to convince him. In this case, the investor, most likely, will not even read this plan to the end.

Unfortunately, naive entrepreneurs believe that a business plan can cause an investor to delight and awe with an immediate request: “ Please tell me where to transfer the money».

Well, it doesn't hurt to dream. The correct and realistic motivation for writing a plan should be the following: which you downplayed in the first euphoria - for example, the customer service policy.

Finally, the plan reveals gaps in the founding team. If, after looking around the office, you realize that there is no one who could implement some key element of the plan, then someone is missing in the team.

All midnight, romantic, abstract dreams of changing the world become quite material and controversial, one has only to transfer them to paper. Thus, this document is not as important as the process leading to its creation. Even if you do not pursue the goal of raising capital, it is still worth writing a business plan.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING OUT

Title page and content. Start with the essentials: company name, address, phone number, and contact information for all founders, as well as a table of contents throughout the document.

Introduction. On no more than two pages, list all the most important things. First, tell us what the value of the project is: what your company will do, how much profit it will have, and why people will want to pay for your product or service. If you are sending the plan to investors, state the capital you will need and how you plan to use it. To highlight the essence, you need to imagine the big picture, so it is better to start this part after the completion of the entire plan.

Market opportunities. Explain to whom you will sell your product or service and why this group of consumers is attractive to you. Several key questions need to be answered. How big is the market? How fast does it grow? What are the growth opportunities and potential threats? How will you deal with them? Most of this information can be found through industry websites and media, official statistics, analyst reports, and even other business people. Be sure to indicate the source of the information.

Market Review. Make no mistake, your business is not unique. Try to look with a sober look and evaluate your opponents. Who are they? What are they selling? What part of the market do they occupy? Why would customers prefer your product or service over theirs? What obstacles may arise when entering this market? Do not forget about indirect competitors who are currently operating in a different segment, but have similar capabilities and may compete with you later.

Promotion of goods on the market. Describe how you will promote your products or services to the consumer. Conditions and organization of the sale of the product. What promotion channels will you use? In this section, describe pricing issues.

Company structure. Control. Staff. The execution is almost as important as the idea itself. Therefore, investors are interested in who is on your team. Attach resumes of all founders, partners and leaders: what are their skills and achievements. This should also include information about the legal form of the enterprise and its internal organizational structure, the state of the enterprise.

Business model. This section includes detailed description all sources of income (product sales, services) and the company's cost structure (wage fund, rent, operating costs). Describe the premises, equipment, technologies, schemes of production flows. Make sure you mention and justify all possible income and expenses. In addition, include the names of the main suppliers and buyers. Essentially, this section is production plan future firm.

Financial indicators and forecasts. Make a forecast for profits, losses and cash flows (receipt-expenses) for at least three years ahead (it is advisable to break the first year into quarters or even months). Also provide an analysis that shows how soon the initial investment will pay off.

Risks. Don't wait for trouble to find out how your business will handle it. Work out possible scenarios: worst, best and average, as well as what you will do to reduce the negative impact of risks or even prevent them. Make sure you have enough money to weather any storm. If you insure risks, write down the amounts you will insure and the types of insurance policies.

Sources of funds and their use. If you are trying to raise money from investors, they will want to know how you plan to spend your capital. In this section, you need to indicate the estimated costs of launching: premises, purchase of new equipment, company logo design, etc. Most entrepreneurs underestimate the cost of starting a new business. Therefore, conduct research in advance, before contacting investors.

Applications. This may include resume, credit information, market overview, diagrams, promotion plan, copies of contracts, including leases, letters of guarantee from future clients, patent and trademark registration certificates, partnership agreements, company registration certificate.

10 mistakes when writing a business plan

According to professional project managers, there are 10 things that should not be written in a business plan.

1. "Dead Souls". A common mistake entrepreneurs make when preparing a business plan is to include information about certain executive members who, in fact, have nothing to do with the team. Information about consultants should be given reliable, because the investor may wish to communicate with them personally.
2. "Homework". There is no need to be zealous, indulging in confusing descriptions of the entire range of products and services. It will only overload your plan. big size, which does not suit you at all, because the investor must get to the very essence from the first pages, otherwise further reading will not make sense for him.
3. "Invented Characters". All biographies of board members, founders must be extremely honest and not embellished.
4. "Who, when and how". In marketing plans, you need to rely only on the offers that actually exist.
5. "Year after year". You cannot submit financial plans in a business plan broken down exclusively by year. As mentioned above, the forecast for the first year should be made on a monthly basis and show seed funding, and then a quarterly breakdown for the next period. The investor must see when the full return on investment will take place and whether the investment will pay off.
6. "Monopoly". There is always competition and similar products or services, the consumer market is not that big, and it takes a lot of effort to implement a business plan. Therefore, in the text, phrases about the absence of competition, a huge market that has no analogues, products or services, and the simple implementation of the project should be abandoned.
7. "Hockey stick". Financial indicators categorically cannot, when viewed graphically, be a curve in the form of a hockey stick, i.e., profit falling from the very beginning and boundlessly striving upward in the future. The most brilliant idea with its payback, it will give rise to competition, so incomes cannot grow indefinitely.
8. "No counting indicators." The market should be assessed by you from different angles in quantitative terms: perspective, market share, customers. Otherwise, you are incompetent.
9. "Promises". It is not necessary to stipulate in the business plan possible financial injections that are at an unfinished stage. You either have funding or you don't.
10. "Something like that." Your business plan must operate with exact numbers. You must clearly understand the scope of fixed, variable, direct, indirect and outsourcing costs.

Print out your business plan. Set aside all pages, starting with the third. Reread the first two pages - do they make you want to read the rest of the document? Brevity, simplicity, clarity - strike out everything superfluous.

Having polished your plan to a shine, do not send it to gather dust in a distant drawer. “The business plan is just the beginning of the process. Planning the activities of an enterprise is like navigating a ship at sea: you need to constantly adjust the course. The plan itself is of little value. It is important to go back to it and see where you were wrong and what it cost you.

We wish you success! All in your hands!

Business planning is an important link in the creation of a new business.

Before talking about how to draw up a business plan, let's first determine why it is needed and what its purpose is, and then consider its structure.

In fact, this step by step guide in organizing a new case, which describes how and by what means you are going to achieve your goals. I will describe the structure of this document and immediately give an example (based on a health club).

A well-written business plan should good impression on investors, as they must see that you understand how and by what means to achieve the goal, solve all problems, that you are proactive and disciplined.

Decor

The business plan starts on the cover. And you need to take it seriously. A beautifully designed document will immediately attract potential investors to you. A beautifully designed plan, that means: with a cover on branded paper, with your company logo, in a folder with springs and a transparent cover, printed on only one side of the sheet. In the document itself: Times New Roman or Arial fonts 12-14 size, all headings are highlighted.

On the title page we indicate information about the enterprise: name, legal address, phones, e-mail, contact person.

Structure

I want to make a reservation right away that there is no clearly regulated structure of this document. It is determined by the nature of the business. Therefore, here we will consider the general structure, on the basis of which it will be possible to draw up a business plan, taking into account your specifics.

1. Business resume

A very important section. It is usually read first and already here you can decide how interesting your plan is for the investor. A summary is a concise business plan. It describes very briefly the goals and objectives of your project, forecasts of sales volumes, future profits, the amount of necessary investments, payback periods.

Therefore, although it is located at the beginning, you need to write this section after writing the business plan itself, when you already clearly imagine all the key points of your business project and have calculated the entire economic component of the business.

Once again, a competent investor reads this section first and very carefully.

The health club was established on xxx.xxxx. registration certificate number xxxxx.
The main activity of the company is the provision of health services and maintenance physical form. The main advantages are the high quality of services provided, the consumption of high-tech equipment.

Uniqueness is the effective and efficient use of those technologies that are provided in comparison with conventional and familiar simulators. You can also note the opportunity to play sports without grueling workouts.

2. Market analysis

At the very beginning, describe the market in which you are going to work. An investor may not know your business niche and he needs to understand what are the prospects and trends in this niche, assess the opportunities for business growth, and understand the economic trends in the industry.

For example, like this: geographic location, demographics, by type of consumer behavior, by user behavior, by income level, and so on. All this should be reflected in this section. Describe projected changes in these markets, trends and factors affecting business processes.

Market segmentation can be carried out according to the principle of profitability, that is, this service will be in demand among people with different levels of profitability.

The most favorable position in the eyes of the consumer is for organizations that have a swimming pool in their structure, because swimming is in the greatest demand among visitors (45.6%). only in 27.2% of cases consumers are ready to receive the whole range of fitness clubs.

Almost 11% of potential fitness club customers want to work out in the gym. The shares of other services in the total demand do not exceed 5%. The main consumers of fitness services are women - 71%. Men - 40%.

Market segmentation can be carried out according to the criterion of profitability: most of the population is employed.
This service, firstly, is aimed at a private client, an average buyer.
the planned volume in the pessimistic scenario will be 10 people on weekdays and 20 people on weekends. In the optimistic scenario - on weekdays 30 people, on weekends - 40 people.

Competition and competitive advantage.

Considering the competitive environment of the company, it should be noted that in the city there are a fairly large number of companies that implement this service.

Our company will be based:

1. at an affordable price.
2. on unique equipment.
3. on discounts and promotions.
4. the presence of a shower and a place to rest.
5. individual approach to the client.
6. friendliness and friendliness among the staff.
7. effective recovery.

3. Description of products or services

In this section, you need to describe your product or service, how it can meet market needs, what unique advantages it has, and the life cycle.
If there are patents, copyrights, then reflect in this section.

Description of the company and industry

Date of registration xxxx, registration certificate number, organizational legal form - IP (PE, LLC, etc.).
Actual address and legal address: city N, st. Nth, etc.

Company location analysis.

Advantages:

1. Proximity to the city center.
2. Possibility of unhindered entry and exit.
3. Location in a populated area.
4. Proximity to bus stop, trolleybus, taxi.

Flaws:

1. High rent (if the property is not owned).
2. Distance from the center and so on.

The main goal of the service is to attract the majority of customers (women) due to the optimal price, quality work, the rarity of the provision of services.

This industry is based on attracting women, the uniqueness of the simulators lies in the fact that it allows you to spend less time and effort on restoring health and physical fitness than conventional simulators.

SWOT-analysis.

1. High quality service.
2. Favorable location.
3. Providing jobs.
4. Optimal price.

Weaknesses:

1. Narrow range of services.
2. Lack of own space.
3. Based only on female attraction.

Possibilities:

1. Expansion of the range of services.
2. Differentiation of the company - the opening of a healthy nutrition center.

1. High competition.

Service characteristics

Nowadays, this industry is developing at a fast pace. The main structural divisions of this industry are health centers, tourist centers, institutions, shaping, aerobics, fitness, etc.
This club is an opportunity to restore, improve the appearance and well-being of women.
Equipment includes toning tables, vibration platform, climbing machine, massage bed.

Let's briefly describe the equipment.

Toning tables are an excellent alternative to traditional fitness, a set of motion simulators with electronic control. Toning tables are 7 times more effective than traditional aerobics, shaping, etc.

Toning tables avoid unnecessary stress on the spine and cardiovascular system.

The vibration platform is a device that strengthens the body without undue effort and with minimal wear. The effectiveness of the vibration platform lies in synchronized and dependent on each other movements down, up, back, at a speed of 30-50 times per second.

Climb simulator is a fundamentally new simulator, outwardly resembling a mini-escalator, on which they move up.

Attractive factors:

1. optimal prices.
2. security of service provision, the presence of a medical worker.
3. service exclusivity.
4. high quality of service delivery.
5. cozy and pleasant environment (design).
6. provision of an oxygen cocktail.

4. Promotion of goods on the market

Describe how you will promote your products or services to the consumer. Conditions and organization of sale of the product. What promotion channels will you use?

In this section, describe pricing issues.

The health club is developing several market segments:

• consumers (individuals),
• corporate groups.

Commodity policy.

The firm focuses on:

1. Direction to quality
2. design direction.
3. Branding.

• high quality service,
• best prices,
• discounts,
• club cards (subscription).

Service calculation for 1 client:

1. Energy - x rubles,
2. Salary - x rubles,
3. Social Security contributions.
4. Depreciation.
5. Room rental.
6. General production expenses.
7. Total.
8. markup.
9. Service cost.

Sales policy.

The work will be carried out on the basis of marketing - attracting customers (calls, negotiations, conclusion of contracts with organizations). The width and length of the marketing policy at the initial stage will be narrow.

Communication policy.

The goal is to conquer a certain niche in the sales market, to form a permanent circle of customers.
For a successful solution, we will use advertising (print and television).

5. Production

Everything related to production is described here: premises, equipment, needs for resources and working capital.

Describe technologies, schemes of production flows.

Schedule: what work, in what time frame and who should do it.

For the implementation of activities, it is necessary to use appropriate equipment and facilities.

Tables of equipment and premises are compiled.
Provided a brief description of equipment, specifications.

A table of the direction of spending the loan is also compiled:

1. Loan amount, total:
2. Equipment acquisition costs.
3. General running costs.
4. Rent.
5. Wage.
6. Room renovation.
7. Delivery of equipment.

6. Structure of the enterprise. Control. Staff

Describe the organizational and legal form of the enterprise. organizational structure enterprises, that is, who is responsible for what, how services interact. You can draw a diagram of the structure.

The second thing to write about is management. Who will manage, their work experience, rights, duties, functions, management methods. Sometimes they write autobiographies.

The third section, personnel.

Staff, their rights, duties, qualification requirements, salary level.

Organizational structure of management.

In total, it is planned to attract 5 employees.

Table staffing workers.

Recruitment will be carried out through a recruitment agency and an interview, through the recommendations of the Medical College and the Ministry of Sports.

7. Risk assessment and insurance

It describes what risks may arise for your company, as well as what you will do to reduce the negative consequences of risks or even prevent them.

If you insure risks, write down the amounts you will insure and the types of insurance policies.

We calculate the monetary expression of the risks associated with the activities of the enterprise:

1. External risks:

1.1. increase in electricity tariffs (14% of revenue).
1.2. Legislative risk (30% of net profit).
1.3. Risk of emergencies (5% of net profit).
1.4 Rent increase (4% of revenue).
1.5 Increased competition (7% of net profit).

2. Internal risks.

2.1 Lack of quality service (20% of revenue).
2.2 Low-skilled personnel (10% of revenue).
2.3 Equipment failure (2% of revenue).

Measures to minimize risks:

1. Insurance.
2. Reservation.
3. Avoid.
4. Preventive measures.

8. Financial forecast of your future actions

I'll just list what should be in this section:

• balance
• Profits and Losses Report
• cash flow statement
• terms of reaching the break-even point and payback of the project;
• amount of required investment
• profit and profitability calculations

Lending is provided for certain period– for 2 years, 4 years, etc. A debt repayment schedule is drawn up.
A plan of expenses and incomes is drawn up - the first year by months, the rest by years.
A forecast balance is drawn up and the payback period is calculated.

1. Investment size.
2. Net profit.
3. Depreciation deductions.
4. Net cash flow (clause 2 + clause 3)
5. Payback period (clause 1 / clause 4)

We calculate the return on investment and discount income.

1. Net profit for 4 years.
2. Depreciation for 4 years.
3. Net cash flow for 4 years.
4. Investment size.
5. Return on investment, %. (p.1-p.4/p.4*100%)
6. Discount rate,% ((15-8.25)+8.25).
7. Discount factor at the end of the year, (1/(1+0.15)4).
8. discounted income.

We calculate the break-even analysis.

1. Revenue.
2. variable costs.
3. Fixed costs.
4. Marginal income.
5. Share of marginal income.
6. Threshold of profitability.
7. Stock of financial strength.

Let's calculate the budget effect.

1. Income tax for the year
2. Deductions for social needs.

9. Applications

This can include: diagrams, graphs, photographs, copies of contracts and agreements, clippings from information sources, biographies, reports, and more.

This is what the general structure looks like when drawing up a business plan.

And when you find attractive, you only get halfway through studying it in detail? Next comes the impossible for you?

came up with great option to create your own project, but can't move beyond your plans?

Is there a great version for you as a sole trader, but you don't have enough money and you don't know who can give it to you?

Can't find investors for your business idea?

Have you been denied a bank loan that you wanted to take in order to develop your business?

Most likely, you have difficulties with a business plan. Either with its writing, or with an understanding of what it is and what it is for. Actually, there is nothing special about this problem. For entrepreneurs of various levels of training, experienced or beginners with a specialized economic Education or those who have a peculiar talent for a certain type of activity, writing business plans can be difficult. And it's not just the lack of skill or specific knowledge of how it's done. The main difficulty is in understanding what it is in principle.

Do you need a business plan for an aspiring entrepreneur?

Often, those who are just embarking on the path of entrepreneurship and creating their own project from scratch, there is a strong opinion that writing a business plan can be postponed “for later”, to do this only when such a document is required for taking a loan or other purposes. That is, it is considered a kind of "obligation" for situations of communication with banks and investors. And if the task of obtaining a loan is not worth it right now, then the business plan can wait.

Such an opinion is fundamentally erroneous, it deprives a novice entrepreneur of the opportunity to see the prospects of his project and does not allow him to comprehensively assess its potential risks, even if this is a “simple” enterprise. This approach is fraught with trouble in the future and, accordingly, can lead to the death of the entire project.

Having a business plan will not only allow you to see the whole picture, it solves a number of problems for the owner or someone who is trying to realize the idea. He shows:

• prospects and potential of the project;
• possible "thin places";
• in what direction it is necessary to move for development;
• how much time and money will be needed to implement the idea and promote it.

And, most importantly, a business plan is able to suggest that the project is not viable or unprofitable. That is, he will not let you make a mistake and waste time and savings.

Order a business plan or write it yourself?

There is another approach that is now in vogue among entrepreneurs of the “middle hand”. By the way, they are sometimes “sinned” by established businessmen, owners of large dynamically developing and profitable enterprises. They order the preparation of business plans for specialized companies that practice this type of service. The option is, of course, acceptable. But often the customer receives a voluminous document of one hundred pages, which absolutely does not reflect the features of his business, incomprehensible and too general.

Naturally, some calculations of a specific nature, market research, forecasting can be entrusted to a third-party company, where this will be done on a professional basis. However, only the owner of a business or a person who knows it from the inside is able to fully and comprehensively describe it, analyze the prospects and possible problems, as well as show in a profitable plan for investment. He will be able to do this so specifically and with reference to the company that it will immediately be clear what kind of business he is talking about, what his real potential and “problem areas” are, what can be done to minimize them, and the like. It is this format that attracts investors the most.

What is a business plan in essence?

This document is necessary for understanding the goals, objectives, direction of development and the required costs for the creation and development of any project, from, to a global one, where it is planned to organize a federal network of retail hypermarkets. It is worth considering that a business plan has several varieties, which directly depend on who it is intended for:

• drawn up for internal use or for yourself, in the case of a preliminary assessment of your own business idea;
• directed at an external user or "assessor" of the project.

In the second variant we are talking on obtaining funding. Here the business plan is written for:

• credit organizations and banks in order to obtain loans;
• state structures and officials, on whom the allocation of funds from the budget depends, what can be obtained for business development;
• potential investors who may be interested in investing in the idea;
• various foundations and organizations that issue grants.

In the first option, special attention should be paid to the analysis of potential risks and threats for the development of the project. The second one must contain a presentational component showing perspectives and competitive advantages. Also important here is the design of the document, the presence of all standard subsections, financial calculations and applications with visual materials (graphs, tables, etc.)

Advice: when writing a business plan in any version, in no case should you embellish reality. It is worth remembering that it may take twice to complete a project. more money and at three - time than it initially seemed. An idea presented in the vein of “everything is great and there are no threats” will only cause irritation and indignation in the potential investor at the illiteracy of the entrepreneur who compiled such a document. For the project initiator himself, this is fraught with a one-sided vision, which in the future can lead to negative consequences.

How to write a business plan: step by step instructions

Each project, whether it's an idea or an online gift store, must have its own "face", features, specificity. In addition, they differ by regional affiliation, nuances of the range of goods or services, and the audience of customers for which they are designed. It is impossible to “squeeze” all of them into any standard scheme.

Advice: do not download from internet ready business plan, even suitable for the type of activity, with the aim of using it for yourself. You can take a few of those offered on specialized resources and, having carefully analyzed them, taking them as a basis, write your own, original and fully consistent with your project.

This document should fully answer three main questions:

• what do i want to achieve?
• how do i plan to do it?
• what do I need for this?

If any of these points is not fully disclosed, an indistinct answer is given, there are understatements - the document needs to be improved, it is not effective.

A business plan has several mandatory sections:

• title (name, address, contacts, table of contents);
• introduction ( short description and resume)
• marketing part (analysis of the market and its prospects in relation to the project, potential threats and risks, as well as the tools that will be used to deal with them);
• review of the market and competitors;
• project executors and possible partners;
• business model or calculation of income and costs;
• financial forecast and existing indicators (for existing projects);
• threats and risks for the development of the project (all possible) and scenarios for overcoming them;
• calculation of the use of funds for launch, development or modernization, as well as sources of income;
• applications (this includes all key documents, as well as materials that help you understand your idea to the end).

Please note that a business plan aimed at an external user cannot be too short or without any of these sections. As a rule, its volume is 30-40 sheets. In the “for yourself” version, some items can be excluded.

If some sections are clear to almost every novice entrepreneur, then there are those that can cause considerable difficulties.

Particular attention should be paid to the first two or three pages that come after the title, the so-called introduction. This is the main thing that will allow you to present your idea to both investors and the business owner himself. Some experts recommend writing the introduction at the very end, after everything has been analyzed, calculated, and presented in facts and figures. But there is another opinion. Start with the introduction section. And it is more correct in cases with novice entrepreneurs who are just creating their own project from scratch. It is when writing an introduction, a summary of one’s future or a business that is just getting on its feet, its owner or initiator can understand what prospects his idea has, what risks it has, whether it has a profit potential, what can result, how much investment will be required And is there any prospect of finding this money. Naturally, the initial version can be edited and made the way it is necessary to interest a potential investor if the business plan is written for this purpose. But you need to start the document from this chapter. It will give an understanding and a complete picture.

What you need to cover in the introduction for a newly created project:

• what type of activity you plan to engage in;
• what is your target audience (future customers);
• how much money is needed to launch and further implement the project;
• Where will the funds come from?
• what is the planned revenue for the first six months / year of work (depending on the specifics of the project);
• main hypothetical financial indicators(its profitability, income, profit);
• form (organizational and legal), the number of involved employees, partners.

At operating business this section should be written taking into account existing data and indicators.

How to write a business plan for a small business yourself: a sample of the main sections

A standard business plan consists of several main sections that display various aspects of the project. The financial part, as it were, sums up everything that has been stated earlier. It is in the descriptive chapters that we present our idea, give it a comprehensive analysis and show what ways and tools we plan to implement it.

Marketing part

Many novice businessmen and even those who already have some experience have serious difficulties in writing a section on marketing. It is not entirely clear what should be in it and where to get data on comparative analysis market. Questions that need to be reflected in this part of the document:

1. What product or groups or services do you plan to focus on?. Here it is necessary to dwell on the following points:
   • where the product is used;
   • What customer needs will you satisfy?
   • what are the advantages of your product and why it will be in demand;
   • Which customer groups are you targeting?
   • how you will convey your product / service to the buyer;
   • what are the disadvantages of your product, and how do you plan to minimize them;
   • your USP or unique selling proposition.

The last point needs to be considered in more detail. It should be borne in mind that there are practically no truly unique products today. Rather, they exist, but they are few. In addition, an innovative idea, which is simply not yet on the market, requires money, time and knowledge to develop. A success story can be written not only with the new iPhone, like the legendary Steve Jobs. Taking an already existing product, service or product as a basis, and adding your unique selling proposition to it, you can conquer the market. What may be the USP:

• in service;
• as a service and its diversity;
• in the loyalty system;
• in sales format.

That is, this is not necessarily the uniqueness of the product itself, on the contrary, most often the USP is created precisely on a “near-commodity” base. If you perceive this concept as a lower price than competitors, then you are mistaken. For example, you decide to build your business in the field of Agriculture and engage. Planning to conquer the market by underestimating the price and putting a figure much lower than that of competitors is fundamentally wrong. Thus, you can systematically lose profits and become a loss-making enterprise. In addition, dumping is not always expedient in terms of fighting for the client. This may cause the buyer to doubt the quality of the product. It is much more efficient to find “your” consumer and organize such an accompanying service for him that your pricing policy, where the cost of the goods will be the average market price or even higher, will look justified for him.

Advice: When developing your own unique selling proposition, proceed from the premise that you can give your buyer something that your competitors do not have. There are a huge number of quite successful businesses that are built on this principle. This may be the concept of selecting an assortment for a store, focusing on a specific target audience of customers, quality or environmental friendliness of products, and much more. The main thing is not only to develop and formulate a USP, but also to think over tools that can convey it to the consumer.

1. What is your market. This part of the marketing section should describe:
   • which segment of the market you want to cover in terms of geographic location;
   • What type of buyer are you targeting?

This section can be difficult for a novice entrepreneur who does not have a successful sales record in the past. This should be based on reasonable assumptions and analysis of the work of competitors. It is also worth looking at information about projects similar to yours and ways to implement them.

When determining the type of your client or drawing his portrait, you need to consider the following:

• gender, age and marital status;
• place of residence;
• social status and income level;
• occupation and hobbies.

Having created a kind of collective image of the target audience for your product, you can start counting the number of future customers. To do this, you need to take the geography of coverage and the estimated number of residents that fit the profile of the target audience.

To determine the potential volumes of consumption of your product, you should take into account the regularity and frequency of demand for them (naturally, what is bought daily and what is purchased once every five years will be radically different both in the format of the offer and in the algorithm of promotion to the market, and many other aspects). It is also necessary to take into account fluctuations in demand (seasonality, changes in the solvency of consumers, fashion trends, rivalry within the product group between analogues and the like, which is characteristic of your product).

1. This section of the business plan also includes competitor analysis. The description algorithm can be built on:
   • listing companies that operate in your segment;
   • what are the distinguishing characteristics of their services/products;
   • the ways they use to promote their products;
   • their pricing policy;
   • nuances of how their business develops.

Particular attention should be paid to competitors closest in geography and assortment.

It also requires you to specify in what ways you will realize your benefits. This moment needs to be devoted to a separate, albeit small, subsection. It may include answers to the following questions:

• how do you plan to organize sales;
• what will you do to inform customers about your entry into the market;
• what ad format you will choose (or do without this tool);
• How will you shape your pricing policy?

In the final part of the marketing section of the business plan, it is worth giving a preliminary forecast of sales for any period. As a rule, it is better to take a year with a monthly or quarterly breakdown.

Advice: enough common mistake start-up entrepreneurs in that they overload this part of the business plan with too many details and details. This is understandable, they want to thoroughly describe their actions that will lead them to success, and this will prove to a potential investor that their project is promising. You don't need to do this. For greater persuasiveness, you can use applications - diagrams, diagrams, graphs that visualize and clearly show your potential. The very essence of the marketing part of the business plan is better to state on 2-3 sheets.

Production part

Do not confuse it with the production process, thinking that if you are engaged in trade or provide services, then you will not need this section, this is not true. Here you will find all the information about a particular project. To do this, you need to answer the following questions:

• what technologies, formats and methods of project implementation will be used;
• what production facilities will be used (office, retail space, equipment, storage areas, vehicles, raw materials, goods, materials and other things that matter to the project);
• who will be involved (and whether) as employees, partners, suppliers, etc.).

As a kind of result, you can attach a brief estimate showing the expenditure side. It is better to do it in dynamics, broken down into periods (month/quarter).

The estimate must be drawn up in the form of a table, where the following columns may be present:

• purchase of fixed assets;
• purchase of raw materials and supplies;
• the cost of rent, maintenance of premises and utility bills;
• expenses for the purchase of auxiliary consumables;
• wage fund;
• other current expenses, which include payment for communication services, representation, travel expenses and more.

Advice: for projects with different specifics, the cost graphs and figures will be very different. Keep this in mind when writing your business plan and don't take averages from the internet. In addition, you should not focus on the minimum. Even in the case when you have found a room for your future store with a very profitable lease, almost half as low as anywhere else in the city, do not take this figure as a basis for calculating a business plan. It can change for any reason in a big way. Therefore, the data of your business plan will become irrelevant, and it will turn from a guide to action into one that will be misleading.

Organizational part

This section should indicate which organizational and legal form is chosen for the implementation of the project, why, whether changes are planned in the future. It is also necessary to touch on permits. Here you should dwell on the need for licenses and how you plan to issue them, on obtaining certificates of conformity and hygienic conclusions (if necessary), on how you will be approved in inspections of various formats to obtain permits for activities.

In addition, this part describes:

• composition of project managers;
• experience in the field of the initiator or involved persons;
• what kind of professional support do you expect and what are its sources.

You can add profiles of managers/initiator to the applications section, where you can reflect in more detail professional experience and specialized knowledge.

Financing or how to calculate a business plan

In this part of the document, it is necessary to provide a rationale for the fact that the project will be profitable, as well as determine the amount of investments, the period for reaching the break-even point and further prospects for repayment initial capital or borrowed funds.

In fact, it has already been written, you just need to take the necessary numbers from the previous sections and enter them here, filling them out correctly.

Here it is necessary to highlight:

• Project funding sources. These can be personal funds (investments), borrowed or credited funds, government subsidies or other forms, such as leasing.
• Initial stage of project implementation. At this point, it is necessary to make a forecast of the period required for organizing a business, that is, until it starts working.
• Stage before receiving the first profits. Here it is required to conduct a rationale for attracting funds and when they will begin to return. The point is necessary not only for obtaining loans or loans, but also for understanding whether it is worth investing your own funds in the project.
• Chosen system of taxation. Here it is worth considering that the amount and list of deductions will depend on what organizational and legal status you prefer for the implementation of your project. For individual entrepreneurs, there are some "indulgences" in this regard. By the way, they also differ in favor of simplification for the second format.

The same section includes the calculation of indicators and the plan of expected profits / losses. There is no need to be afraid of the term “losses” right away. The fact is that First stage and the period of business formation rarely passes without the need to attract additional funds or investments. Naturally, they are defined as losses, because they are not yet repaid by the profit from the project.

The form in which figures and data will be shown depends on the nature of the project, the status of the enterprise (LLC, IP) and the chosen taxation system. In the very simple expression it may contain:

• costs of organizing a business (registration of an enterprise, purchase of equipment, materials, product range, arrangement of premises or a site for conducting activities, purchase of a license, etc.);
• fixed costs (payment of rent, utilities, salaries, etc., that is, those that do not change depending on fluctuations in sales or production volumes);
• variable costs (acquisition of consumables, transport, communications, payment to third parties or individuals for one-time work, piecework wages, that is, those that directly depend on sales or production volumes);
• income from the sale of goods / services and net profit.

The last indicator is quite easy to calculate. It is necessary to take away everything from the revenue side variable costs per unit of goods or for a certain period, as well as that part of the constants that falls on the calculation period taken as the base (month, quarter).

As a result of this part of the business plan section, the profitability of the entire project is calculated. You can take as a basis the rate of return on investment (investment of personal savings, loans, credits). As an example, a calculation scheme is given by which you can determine the efficiency and profitability of your own investments:

RR (Return on Personal Equity) is equal to NP (Net Profit) divided by the amount of RC multiplied by 100%. The payback period should be understood as the period of time for which the net profit received by the investor will cover all initial investments.

Risk assessment

This is the final section of the business plan. Here, a description and analysis of the most likely risks to which the implementation of the project may be exposed is carried out. Among them:

• natural disasters, fires, floods, accidents that can damage equipment, premises, etc.;
• illegal actions, including theft, embezzlement;
• actions of state institutions, federal and local authorities;
• economic factors, decline in production and consumption, inflation;
• non-fulfillment of obligations by partners and suppliers.

Alternatively, here you can use the pessimistic scenario from the introduction.

In this part, you need to analyze the resilience of your business and your willingness to overcome risks.

How to write a business plan for agriculture yourself?

Actually, all the main sections of a document drawn up for a business in the field of agriculture differ little from the standard for any enterprise. Its features are that for this type of activity there is a special organizational and legal form of a peasant farm (peasant farm). There is a simplified registration procedure and a specialized taxation system.

When drawing up a business plan for an agricultural project, the following points should be considered:

• business seasonality;
• dependence on weather conditions;
• the level of crop yields for a particular region (if your direction is crop production);
• marketing system and logistics.

The last point needs to be given serious attention. When writing a business plan to get government subsidies or grants, as well as loans from credit institutions, this issue needs to be covered in detail. The fact is that the investor is not interested in production for the sake of production, he is looking for potential profit.

And for agricultural enterprises, it is logistics and marketing that often pose a problem, so part of the grown crop or other goods does not reach the consumer, becoming unusable and incurring direct losses instead of potential profit. If your business plan reflects how you plan to build the sale and delivery of products, moreover, confirmed by agreements of intent, preliminary agreements, then the investor's attitude will be much more loyal.